Dry and wet dual-purpose camellia oleifera fruit husking separator
By designing a dry and wet oil tea fruit shell separator, integrating grading, shell breaking and separation functions, the problems of low shell efficiency and high mildew risk in traditional methods are solved, and efficient and automated dry and wet oil fruit treatment is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510312928.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-06
AI Technical Summary
The prior art has problems of low efficiency and high mildew risk in the shelling treatment of tea oil fruits, especially when dealing with wet and dry tea oil fruits, the traditional method takes a long time and is greatly affected by the weather.
A dry and wet dual-purpose oil tea fruit shell separator is designed, including a feeding machine, a graded shell deslag removal machine, a seed shell separator and a tea seed conveyor. The grading, shell desolation and separation of oil tea fruit is achieved through the combination of a three-stage rocking screen and a three-layer rocking screen.
The machine integrates loading, grading, shell breaking and separation functions, greatly improving processing efficiency, and being able to process dry and wet fruits at the same time, reducing the risk of mold, saving labor costs and shelling cycle.
Smart Images
Figure CN119924543A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit shelling and separating machine. Background Art
[0002] With the expansion of the oil-tea planting area, the output of oil-tea fruit has increased significantly, but the shelling of oil-tea fruit has become a major challenge. The traditional method is to manually select the oil-tea fruit after drying it until it bursts, but this method is time-consuming, and the complete sun-drying and bursting is greatly affected by the weather, especially in rainy weather, the oil-tea fruit is prone to mold and deterioration. In order to improve the processing efficiency and reduce the risk of mildew, a part of the oil-tea fruit can be piled and fermented for several days and then dried to make it burst naturally, and the other part of the oil-tea fruit can be piled and fermented for a short period of time (generally 7-10 days), followed by shelling and drying the tea seeds. In this way, after the shelling of the short-term piled and fermented oil-tea fruit (hereinafter referred to as wet oil-tea fruit) is completed, the other part of the dried oil-tea fruit can also be used for shelling, achieving seamless connection in time and effectively reducing the risk of mildew caused by the large amount of oil-tea fruit peeling and untimely shelling. In order to meet the automatic shelling of dry and wet fruits, it is necessary to design a dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit shelling and separation machine. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine.
[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A dry and wet dual-purpose oil tea fruit shelling and separation machine comprises a feeder, a grading shelling and slag removal machine, a seed shell separator and a tea seed conveyor; The grading shell breaking and slag removing machine comprises a frame, a three-stage swing screen is arranged on the upper part of the frame, the three-stage swing screen comprises a three-stage screen body and a first transmission assembly driving the three-stage screen body to swing back and forth, the grading inlet side of the three-stage swing screen is connected with the outlet of the feeder, a guide bin, a medium-fruit shell breaking machine and a large-fruit shell breaking machine are arranged in sequence below the three-stage swing screen along the grading direction, three layers of swing screen are arranged below the medium-fruit shell breaking machine and the large-fruit shell breaking machine, the three-layer swing screen comprises a screen frame and a second transmission assembly driving the screen frame to swing back and forth, a large-pore screen layer, a medium-pore screen layer and a small-pore screen layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the screen frame, each screen layer is respectively provided with an outlet, the outlet of the medium-pore screen layer is connected with the inlet of the seed shell separator, and the outlet of the seed shell separator is connected with the inlet of the tea seed conveyor; The diversion bin comprises a three-way distributor, the inlet of the three-way distributor is provided with a feed hopper, the two outlets of the three-way distributor correspond to the dry tea seed channel and the small fruit channel respectively, and the outlet of the dry tea seed channel is located above the three-layer swing screen.
[0005] Furthermore, the medium-sized fruit shelling machine and the large-sized fruit shelling machine have the same structure, and both include a feed hopper, a shell breaking bin, a support frame, a rotating shaft, a fixed disk, a shell breaking roller, a shell breaking screen and a pulley III. The shell breaking bin is installed on the frame through the support frame, a feed hopper is provided on the upper part of the shell breaking bin, a shell breaking screen is provided on the bottom, a rotating shaft is provided in the shell breaking bin, both ends of the rotating shaft are respectively installed on the frame through bearings, fixed disks are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft located on the inner side of the shell breaking bin, a number of shell breaking rollers are provided between the two fixed disks, a pulley III is provided at one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the shell breaking bin, the mesh size of the shell breaking screen is elliptical, and the mesh size of the shell breaking screen of the large-sized fruit shelling machine is larger than the mesh size of the shell breaking screen of the medium-sized fruit shelling machine.
[0006] Furthermore, a large fruit outlet corresponding to the large fruit shelling machine is provided on one side of the three-stage screen body, and small fruit sieve holes corresponding to the feed hopper and medium fruit sieve holes corresponding to the medium fruit shelling machine are provided on the three-stage screen body.
[0007] Furthermore, the first transmission assembly includes a rocking bearing I, a connecting arm, a drive shaft I, a pulley I and an eccentric block. The three-stage screen body is connected to the frame via a rocking bearing I; a connecting arm is provided at the lower part of the three-stage screen body near the inlet side, and a drive shaft I is installed at the upper part of the frame near the inlet side through a bearing, a pulley I is provided at one end of the drive shaft I, an eccentric block is provided at the other end of the drive shaft I, an eccentric shaft I is provided on the eccentric block, one end of the rocker arm I is connected to the eccentric shaft I via a joint bearing I, and the other end is rotatably connected to the connecting arm.
[0008] Furthermore, the second transmission assembly includes a rocking bearing II, a drive shaft II, a rocker arm II, an eccentric wheel and a pulley II. The screen frame is connected to the frame via a rocking bearing II. The frame is equipped with a drive shaft II via a bearing. One end of the drive shaft II is provided with a pulley II, and the other end is provided with an eccentric wheel. The eccentric wheel is provided with an eccentric shaft II. One end of the rocker arm II is connected to the eccentric shaft II via a joint bearing II, and the other end is rotatably connected to a connecting ear on the screen frame.
[0009] Furthermore, the power of the medium fruit shelling machine, the first transmission assembly and the second transmission assembly all comes from a drive motor, and the drive motor is installed on the frame.
[0010] Further, the seed shell separator comprises a separation frame, the upper part of which is provided with a seed shell separation mechanism, and the lower part of which is provided with a shell conveyor; The seed shell separation mechanism includes a plurality of smooth rollers, a plurality of grooved rollers arranged at intervals with the smooth rollers, and a driving mechanism for driving the smooth rollers and the grooved rollers to rotate, one end of the smooth roller is meshed with one end of the grooved roller by means of gears, the driving mechanism includes a plurality of pulleys and a shell separation driving motor, the shell separation driving motor is arranged at the bottom of the separation frame, the pulley is installed at one end of the grooved roller, and the shell separation driving motor is connected to the pulley through a belt.
[0011] Furthermore, the diameter of the grooved roller is 2.3 times the diameter of the smooth roller, the rolling surface of the smooth roller is higher than the rolling surface of the grooved roller, and the gap between the smooth roller and the grooved roller is 2 mm.
[0012] Furthermore, a baffle is provided on the upper portion of the separation frame, wherein the baffle comprises a horizontal section and an upward bending section, and the upward bending section and the feed port of the seed shell separation mechanism form a feed guide structure.
[0013] Furthermore, flip-up doors are respectively provided on both sides of the upper part of the frame, and a gas spring is provided between the flip-up door and the frame; a slag removal conveyor is also provided below the three-layer swing screen. Beneficial Effects
[0014] The invention integrates the functions of feeding, grading, shelling and separation, which greatly improves the processing efficiency, can realize the processing of dry fruits and wet fruits, can meet the time connection of dry and wet fruits, greatly reduces the risk of wet oil-tea fruit mildew, saves labor costs and shelling cycles, and has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a grading shell breaking and slag removing machine in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first transmission assembly and the guide chamber in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-stage screen body in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 2 A magnified view of middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a shell breaker in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-layer swing screen in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of each screen layer in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a seed shell separator in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: power control box 1, feeder 2, diversion bin 3, three-stage swing screen 4, medium fruit shelling machine 5, flip door 6, large fruit shelling machine 7, seed shell separator 8, tea seed conveyor 9, shell conveyor 10, three-layer swing screen 11, slag removal conveyor 12, feeding motor 2-1, hopper 2-2, feeder body 2-3, diversion handle 3-1, dry tea seed channel 3-2, small fruit channel 3-3, feed hopper 3-4, diversion flap 3-5, swing rod I4-1, pulley I4-2, drive shaft I4-3, joint bearing I4-4, connecting arm 4-5, eccentric block 4-6, swing bearing I4-7, eccentric shaft I4-8, belt 4-9, three-stage screen body 4-10, large fruit outlet 4-11, small fruit sieve hole 4-12, medium fruit sieve hole 4-13, feed Bucket 5-1, shell breaking bin 5-2, support frame 5-3, rotating shaft 5-4, fixed disk 5-5, shell breaking roller 5-6, shell breaking screen 5-7, pulley III5-8, shell separation drive motor 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, smooth roller 8-4, grooved roller 8-5, grooved roller gear 8-6, smooth roller gear 8-7, belt pulley 8-8, baffle 8-9, tea seed conveyor motor 9-1, tea seed conveyor belt 9-2, large hole screen layer 11-1, medium hole screen layer 11-2, small hole screen layer 11-3, eccentric wheel 11-4, swing bearing II11-5, pulley II11-6, drive shaft II11-7, spherical bearing II11-8, swing rod II11-9, connecting ear 11-10, large fruit shelling machine drive motor 13-1, drive motor 13-2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0017] Fresh tea fruit shells have hard fibers, and direct shelling can easily damage the tea seeds, and a lot of juice will adhere to the tea seeds, making the tea seeds very bitter when pressed. The process of pile-retting can promote the fermentation and brittleness of the shells, and the tea seeds and shells form a separation layer, which makes it easier to shell after brittleness. During the shelling process, the tea seeds and shells are easier to break and separate, which can reduce the breakage rate of tea seeds. The pile-retting process can also promote the conversion of tea seed oil yield, and the oil yield will be higher in the later stage of oil pressing. If the tea fruit is directly dried without pile-retting, the fiber of the tea fruit shell will not be brittle, and a large number of stiff fruits will appear, which cannot burst open, and it is difficult to break the shells even with a shelling machine.
[0018] Tea fruit has its particularity: the size of tea fruits is uneven, some are larger, some are relatively small, and the number of tea seeds in each tea fruit is also different. Some small tea fruits may only have 1-2 tea seeds, which are often larger; while some large tea fruits may have 6-12 tea seeds, which are relatively small. The particularity of tea fruit requires more careful handling and consideration during the processing of tea fruit.
[0019] Taking into account the hard fiber of the freshly picked tea fruit shells, direct shelling may easily damage the tea seeds and the adhesion of juice may affect the oil quality. We promote the fermentation and brittleness of the shells by composting for 7-10 days to form a separation layer, which not only reduces the damage of the tea seeds during shelling, but also increases the oil yield. This process does not simply increase the maturity or oil yield of the tea fruit, but directly helps the shelling process, making it easier to separate the tea seeds from the shells. With this machine, wet tea fruit can be shelled directly, and the other half of the tea fruit can be shelled by this machine after being dried and cracked, achieving seamless time connection and avoiding the risk of wet tea fruit mildew. Compared with the single-function shelling machines on the market, our wet and dry dual-purpose machines have significant advantages. They not only save a lot of labor and shelling cycles, but also greatly improve production efficiency.
[0020] For example, see Figure 1 — Fig. 9 As shown, a dry and wet dual-purpose oil tea fruit shelling and separation machine includes a feeder 2, a grading shelling and slag removal machine, a seed shell separator 8 and a tea seed conveyor 9; more specifically, in this embodiment, the feeder 2 is a bucket-type feeder, including a hopper 2-2, a feeder body 2-3 and a feeder motor 2-1, the tea seed conveyor 9 includes a tea seed conveyor motor 9-1 and a tea seed conveyor belt 9-2, the grading shelling and slag removal machine includes a frame, and a three-stage swing screen 4 is provided on the upper part of the frame, the three-stage swing screen 4 includes a three-stage screen body 4-10 and a first transmission assembly that drives the three-stage screen body 4-10 to swing back and forth, and the grading inlet side of the three-stage swing screen 4 It is connected to the outlet of the feeder 2. Below the three-stage swing screen 4, a guide bin 3, a medium-sized fruit shelling machine 5 and a large-sized fruit shelling machine 7 are sequentially arranged along the grading direction. Below the medium-sized fruit shelling machine 5 and the large-sized fruit shelling machine 7, a three-layer swing screen 11 is arranged. The three-layer swing screen 11 includes a screen frame and a second transmission assembly for driving the screen frame to swing back and forth. A large-pore screen layer 11-1, a medium-pore screen layer 11-2 and a small-pore screen layer 11-3 are sequentially arranged in the screen frame from top to bottom. Each screen layer is respectively provided with an outlet. The outlet of the medium-pore screen layer 11-2 is connected to the inlet of the seed shell separator 8, and the outlet of the seed shell separator 8 is connected to the inlet of the tea seed conveyor 9; The diversion bin 3 includes a three-way divider, which can be electric or manual. When it is manual, the three-way divider is provided with a diversion handle 3-1, and the inlet of the three-way divider is provided with a feed hopper 3-4. The two outlets of the three-way divider correspond to the dry tea seed channel 3-2 and the small fruit channel 3-3 respectively. The outlet of the dry tea seed channel 3-2 is located above the three-layer swing screen 11, and the outlets of the large-pore screen layer 11-1, the small-pore screen layer 11-3 and the outlet of the small fruit channel 3-3 are respectively connected to the corresponding collecting frames.
[0021] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the medium fruit shelling machine 5 and the large fruit shelling machine 7 have the same structure, both of which include a feed hopper 5-1, a shell breaking bin 5-2, a support frame 5-3, a rotating shaft 5-4, a fixed disk 5-5, a shell breaking roller 5-6, a shell breaking screen 5-7 and a pulley III5-8. The shell breaking bin 5-2 is installed on the frame through the support frame 5-3. The upper part of the shell breaking bin 5-2 is provided with a feed hopper 5-1, and the bottom is provided with a shell breaking screen 5-7. The shell breaking bin 5-2 is provided with a rotating shaft 5-4, and both ends of the rotating shaft 5-4 are respectively installed on the frame through bearings. The rotating shaft 5-4 is located at the inner side of the shell breaking bin 5-2, and the two ends are respectively provided with fixed disks 5-5, and a plurality of shell breaking rollers are provided between the two fixed disks 5-5. Roller 5-6, one end of the rotating shaft 5-4 extending out of the shell breaking bin 5-2 is provided with a pulley III5-8, the mesh size of the shell breaking screen 5-7 is elliptical, the mesh size of the shell breaking screen 5-7 of the large fruit shelling machine 7 is larger than the mesh size of the shell breaking screen 5-7 of the medium fruit shelling machine 5. In this embodiment, the mesh size of the shell breaking screen 5-7 is elliptical, the mesh size of the shell breaking screen 5-7 of the medium fruit shelling machine 5 is 20mm×24mm, and the mesh size of the shell breaking screen 5-7 of the large fruit shelling machine 7 is 24mm×28mm. By setting two sets of shelling machines, selection can be made according to different sizes of fruits, so as to more effectively carry out shell breaking processing and prevent damage to tea seeds.
[0022] See also Figure 4 As shown, a large fruit outlet 4-11 corresponding to the large fruit shelling machine 7 is provided on one side of the three-stage screen body 4-10, and a small fruit sieve hole 4-12 corresponding to the feed hopper 3-4 and a medium fruit sieve hole 4-13 corresponding to the medium fruit shelling machine 5 are provided on the three-stage screen body 4-10.
[0023] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the first transmission assembly includes a swing bearing I4-7, a connecting arm 4-5, a drive shaft I4-3, a pulley I4-2 and an eccentric block 4-6, and the three-stage screen body 4-10 is connected to the frame through a swing bearing I4-7; a connecting arm 4-5 is provided at the lower part of the three-stage screen body 4-10 near the inlet side, and a drive shaft I4-3 is installed on the upper part of the frame near the inlet side through a bearing, a pulley I4-2 is provided at one end of the drive shaft I4-3, an eccentric block 4-6 is provided at the other end of the drive shaft I4-3, an eccentric shaft I4-8 is provided on the eccentric block 4-6, one end of the rocker arm I4-1 is connected to the eccentric shaft I4-8 through a joint bearing I4-4, and the other end rotates with the connecting arm 4-5 Connection; when the pulley I4-2 rotates, the driving shaft I4-3 drives the eccentric block 4-6 to rotate, and each rotation of the rocker rod I4-1 drives the connecting arm 4-5 to complete a push-pull stroke, so that the three-stage screen body 4-10 moves forward and rises, and moves backward and sinks. When the three-stage screen body 4-10 moves forward and rises, the oil-tea fruit is thrown up, and when it moves backward and sinks, the oil-tea fruit falls. In this way, the oil-tea fruit will keep moving forward and be sorted. Small fruits smaller than the small fruit sieve hole 4-12 (aperture of about 25mm) enter the diversion bin 3, and large and medium oil-tea fruits continue to move forward. Oil-tea fruits smaller than the medium fruit sieve hole 4-13 (aperture of about 40mm) leak out and enter the medium fruit shelling machine 5, and large fruits continue to move forward and enter the large fruit shelling machine 7 from the large fruit outlet 4-11.
[0024] See also Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the second transmission assembly includes a swing bearing II11-5, a drive shaft II11-7, a swing rod II11-9, an eccentric wheel 11-4 and a pulley II11-6. The screen frame is connected to the frame through a swing bearing II11-5; a drive shaft II11-7 is installed on the frame through a bearing, one end of the drive shaft II11-7 is provided with a pulley II11-6, and the other end is provided with an eccentric wheel 11-4, and the eccentric wheel 11-4 is provided with an eccentric shaft II, one end of the swing rod II11-9 is connected to the eccentric shaft II through a joint bearing II11-8, and the other end is rotatably connected to the connecting ear 11-10 on the screen frame; when the pulley II11-6 rotates, the drive shaft II11-7 drives the eccentric wheel 11- 4 rotation, each rotation of the swing rod II11-9 completes a push-pull stroke, the swing rod II11-9 pushes and pulls the connecting ear 11-10, so that the screen frame moves forward and rises, and moves backward and sinks. When the screen frame moves forward and rises, the tea seeds and the shells are thrown up, and when it moves backward and sinks, the tea seeds and the shells fall down, so that the tea seeds and the shells will keep moving forward for separation. The mesh of the large-pore screen layer 11-1 is an elliptical hole of 24mm×28mm, and the mesh of the medium-pore screen layer 11-2 has an aperture of 10mm; the large-pore screen layer 11-1 can remove obvious large shells; reduce the slag removal burden of the roller pair for shell separation later, and the small-pore screen layer 11-3 can remove slag foam to prevent the slag foam from entering the filling groove roller 8-5, reducing the separation efficiency and prolonging the machine cleaning time.
[0025] In this embodiment, the power of the medium fruit shelling machine 5, the first transmission assembly and the second transmission assembly all come from the drive motor 13-2, which can also be driven by an independent motor. The large fruit shelling machine 7 is driven by an independent large fruit shelling machine drive motor 13-1. The drive motor 13-2 and the large fruit shelling machine drive motor 13-1 are both installed on the frame. The drive motor 13-2 can provide power for these three components at the same time. This design simplifies the power transmission system, reduces energy consumption and equipment costs, and at the same time improves the overall operating efficiency of the equipment, ensuring the stability and reliability of power transmission.
[0026] See also Figure 1 and Fig. 9 As shown, the seed shell separator 8 includes a separation frame, a seed shell separation mechanism is provided on the upper part of the separation frame, and a fruit shell conveyor 10 is provided on the lower part; the seed shell separation mechanism includes a plurality of smooth rollers 8-4, a plurality of grooved rollers 8-5 arranged at intervals with the smooth rollers, and a driving mechanism for driving the smooth rollers and the grooved rollers to rotate, one end of the smooth roller 8-4 is meshed with one end of the grooved roller 8-5 by means of gears, the driving mechanism includes a plurality of pulleys 8-8 and a fruit shell separation driving motor, the fruit shell separation driving motor is arranged at the bottom of the separation frame, the pulley 8-8 is installed at one end of the grooved roller 8-5, and the fruit shell separation driving motor is connected to the pulley 8-8 by a belt, and preferably, there are three fruit shell separation driving motors.
[0027] In this embodiment, the diameter of the grooved roller 8-5 is 2.3 times the diameter of the smooth roller 8-1, the rolling surface of the smooth roller 8-4 is higher than the rolling surface of the grooved roller 8-5, and the gap between the smooth roller 8-4 and the grooved roller 8-5 is 2 mm. When the tea seeds and husks come in, due to the irregularity of the husks and the large friction, they are blocked by the combination of the smooth roller 8-4 and the blocking net 8-9 and have difficulty in moving forward. The husks can be easily separated by the smooth roller 8-1 and the grooved roller 8-2 during the rolling process, and the husks fall onto the husk conveyor 10. The tea seeds are spherical with small friction, and are easily thrown forward and finally pushed to the tea seed conveying platform 9.
[0028] See also Figure 1 As shown, a baffle 8-9 is provided on the upper part of the separation frame, and the baffle 8-9 includes a horizontal section and an upward bending section, and the upward bending section and the feed port of the seed shell separation mechanism form a feed guide structure, which helps to guide the tea seeds to smoothly enter the seed shell separation mechanism, ensuring the smooth progress of the separation process, while avoiding the shells and tea seeds being thrown out during the rollers, thereby ensuring the quality and efficiency of the separation.
[0029] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, both sides of the upper part of the frame are provided with upward doors 6, and a gas spring is provided between the upward doors 6 and the frame. The upward doors 6 can be used to facilitate machine maintenance; a slag removal conveyor 12 is also provided under the three-layer swing screen 11, and the slag foam can be sent out by providing the slag removal conveyor 12. A power control box 1 is also provided on the frame. The power control box is usually used to provide stable power support for the equipment and control and distribute the power.
[0030] The processing process of wet oil tea fruit of the present invention is as follows: Start the motors of each link on the power control box 1, and the working parts start to operate normally. The small fruit channel 3-3 is made conductive by adjusting the diverter or baffle of the three-way distributor, and the wet oil tea fruits that have been piled and fermented for 7-10 days are poured into the hopper 2-2 of the feeder 2. The feeder body 2-3 is slowly lifted to send the wet oil tea fruits into the three-stage swing screen 4; The driving motor 13-2 drives the pulley I4-2 to rotate through the belt 4-9, and the driving shaft I4-3 drives the eccentric block 4-6 to rotate. Every time the rocker rod I4-1 rotates one circle, the connecting arm 4-5 is driven to complete a push-pull stroke, so that the three-stage screen body 4-10 moves forward and rises, and moves backward and sinks. When the three-stage screen body 4-10 moves forward and rises, the oil tea fruit is thrown up, and when it moves backward and sinks, the oil tea fruit falls. In this way, the oil tea fruit will keep moving forward and be sorted. Small fruits smaller than the small fruit sieve hole 4-12 will enter the diversion bin 3 and flow out from the small fruit channel 3-3 for collection. After being dried and exploded in the later stage, they will be processed by this machine. The large and medium oil tea fruits continue to move forward, and the oil tea fruits smaller than the medium fruit sieve hole 4-13 leak into the medium fruit shelling machine 5, and the large fruits continue to move forward and enter the large fruit shelling machine 7 from the large fruit outlet 4-11.
[0031] Small fruit refers to a type of fruit with a relatively small diameter and usually 1-2 tea seeds inside. Compared with large and medium fruits, the diameter of small fruits is significantly smaller, and the diameter of the tea seeds inside is close to the outer diameter of the small fruit, which makes it easy for the tea seeds to be squeezed and damaged during the shelling process. Therefore, it is not suitable to set up a small fruit shelling machine; and the mesh size of the shelling screen 5-7 is larger than that of the small fruit. The small fruit will enter the seed shell separator without being shelled, which will cause the unshelled small fruit to be mixed into the tea seeds that are finally separated, requiring manual selection, which greatly increases the workload. Therefore, the small fruit can only be selected through the small fruit channel 3-3, and the outer diameter becomes larger after being sun-dried and cracked, and then the tea seeds will not be damaged when entering the shelling machine; The broken tea seeds and husks fall onto the three-layer swing screen 11, and the driving motor 13-2 drives the pulley II11-6 to rotate through the belt 4-9, and the driving shaft II11-7 drives the eccentric wheel 11-4 to rotate. Each rotation of the swing rod II11-9 completes a push-pull stroke, and the swing rod II11-9 pushes and pulls the connecting ear 11-10 to make the screen frame move forward and rise, and move backward and sink. When the screen frame moves forward and rises, the tea seeds and husks are thrown up, and when it moves backward and sinks, the tea seeds and husks fall down. In this way, the tea seeds and husks will keep moving forward for separation, and the large-pore screen layer 11-1 can be To remove obvious large husks and impurities; reduce the slag removal burden of the husk separation rollers and rollers later, normal-sized tea seeds and husks enter the husk separator 8, and tea seeds with a diameter smaller than the mesh of the medium-hole screen layer 11-2 are easily crushed in the husk separator 8, so they are separated here, and the small-hole screen layer 11-3 can remove the slag foam, which leaks into the slag removal conveyor 12 and is thrown away, avoiding the slag foam from entering the filling groove roller, reducing the separation efficiency, and prolonging the machine cleaning time. The risk of tea seeds being squeezed and damaged due to different sizes can be reduced to a certain extent by breaking the shells with two sets of shell breakers; The seed shell separator 8 is driven by the driving motors 8-1, 8-2, and 8-3 through the transmission belt to drive the pulley 8-8 to rotate. The pulley 8-8 is connected to the grooved roller 8-5. When the grooved roller 8-5 rotates, the grooved roller gear 8-6 above drives the smooth roller gear 8-7 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the smooth roller 8-4 and the grooved roller 8-5 form a working state of roller-to-roll grinding. The structure of the seed shell separator 8 is that the smooth roller 8-4 has a small diameter and a high rotation speed, the grooved roller 8-5 has a large diameter and a slightly lower rotation speed, the diameter of the grooved roller 8-5 is 2.3 times the diameter of the smooth roller 8-1, the diameter of the grooved roller 8-5 connecting gear is 1.3 times the diameter of the smooth roller 8-1 connecting gear, and the top surface of the smooth roller 8-4 is slightly higher than the top surface of the grooved roller 8-5, with a gap of about 2mm. When the tea seeds and husks come in, the husks are irregular and have great friction, so they are blocked by the smooth roller 8-4 and the blocking net 8-9 and have difficulty in moving forward. During the counter-rotation of the smooth roller 8-4 and the grooved roller 8-5, the husks are easily pulled down and fall onto the husk conveyor 10. The tea seeds are spherical and have little friction, so they are easily thrown forward and finally pushed to the tea seed conveyor 9. Two people can stand on both sides of the tea seed conveyor 9 to manually select a small amount of damaged tea seeds or husks, and finally the tea seeds flow into the tea seed collecting frame.
[0032] The processing process of dried oil tea fruit of the present invention is as follows: Start the motors of each link on the power control box 1, and the working parts begin to operate normally. The dry tea seed channel 3-2 is turned on by adjusting the diverter or baffle of the three-way divider, and the dry oil tea fruit is poured into the 2-2 hopper of the feeder 2. The feeder body 2-3 is slowly lifted to send the dry oil tea fruit into the three-stage swing screen 4. The driving motor 13-2 drives the pulley I4-2 to rotate through the belt 4-9, and the driving shaft I4-3 drives the eccentric block 4-6 to rotate. Each time the swing rod I4-1 rotates one circle, the connecting arm 4-5 is driven to complete a push-pull stroke, so that the three-stage screen body 4-10 moves forward and rises, and moves backward and sinks. When the three-stage swing screen 4 moves forward and rises, the oil tea fruit is thrown up, and when it is pulled back, the oil tea fruit falls down. In this way, the oil tea fruit will keep moving forward and be sorted. As the dry tea fruit bursts open, many tea seeds have been separated from the shell. Tea seeds smaller than the small fruit sieve holes 4-12 will enter the diversion chamber 3 and be directly introduced into the three-layer swing screen 11 from the dry tea seed channel 3-2, eliminating the link of entering the shelling machine, reducing the probability of tea seed damage. The large and medium tea fruits continue to move forward, and the tea fruits smaller than the medium fruit sieve holes 4-13 leak into the medium fruit shelling machine 5. The large fruit continues to move forward and enters the large fruit shelling machine 7 from the large fruit outlet 4-11; Tea seeds and husks fall onto the three-layer swing screen 11, and the driving motor 13-2 drives the pulley II11-6 to rotate through the belt 4-9, and the driving shaft II11-7 drives the eccentric wheel 11-4 to rotate. Each rotation of the swing rod II11-9 completes a push-pull stroke, and the swing rod II11-9 pushes and pulls the connecting ear 11-10 to make the screen frame move forward and rise, and move backward and sink. When the screen frame moves forward and rises, the tea seeds and husks are thrown up, and when it moves backward and sinks, the tea seeds and husks fall down. In this way, the tea seeds and husks will keep moving forward for separation, and the large-pore screen layer 11-1 can be removed. Remove obvious large husks and impurities; reduce the burden of slag removal on the husk separation rollers and rollers later. Normal-sized tea seeds and husks enter the husk separator 8. Tea seeds with a diameter smaller than the mesh of the medium-hole screen layer 11-2 are easily crushed in the husk separator 8, so they are separated here. The small-hole screen layer 11-3 can remove slag foam, which leaks into the slag removal conveyor 12 and is thrown away, avoiding slag foam from entering the filling groove roller, reducing separation efficiency, and extending machine cleaning time. The risk of tea seeds being squeezed and damaged due to different sizes can be reduced to a certain extent by breaking the husks with two sets of husk breakers. The seed shell separator 8 is driven by the driving motors 8-1, 8-2, and 8-3 through the transmission belt to drive the pulley 8-8 to rotate. The pulley 8-8 is connected to the grooved roller 8-5. When the grooved roller 8-5 rotates, the grooved roller gear 8-6 above drives the smooth roller gear 8-7 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the smooth roller 8-4 and the grooved roller 8-5 form a working state of roller-grinding. The structure of the seed shell separator 8 is that the smooth roller 8-4 has a small diameter and a high rotation speed, the grooved roller 8-5 has a large diameter and a slightly lower rotation speed, the diameter of the grooved roller 8-5 is 2.3 times the diameter of the smooth roller 8-1, the diameter of the grooved roller 8-5 connecting gear is 1.3 times the diameter of the smooth roller 8-1 connecting gear, the rolling surface of the smooth roller 8-4 is higher than the rolling surface of the grooved roller 8-5, and the gap is about 2mm. When the tea seeds and husks come in, due to the irregularity of the husks and the large friction, they are blocked by the combination of the smooth roller 8-4 and the baffle 8-9 and have difficulty in moving forward. During the counter-rotation of the smooth roller 8-4 and the grooved roller 8-5, it is easy to be pulled down and fall onto the husk conveyor 10. The tea seeds are spherical with small friction and are easily thrown forward and finally pushed to the tea seed conveyor 9. Two people can stand on both sides of the tea seed conveyor 9 to manually select a small amount of damaged tea seeds or husks, and finally the tea seeds flow into the tea seed collection frame.
[0033] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.
[0034] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A dry and wet dual-purpose tea fruit shelling and separation machine, characterized in that: It comprises a feeding machine (2), a grading shelling and slag removing machine, a seed shell separator (8) and a tea seed conveyor (9); The grading shelling and slag removing machine comprises a frame, a three-stage swing screen (4) is arranged on the upper part of the frame, the three-stage swing screen (4) comprises a three-stage screen body (4-10) and a first transmission assembly for driving the three-stage screen body (4-10) to swing back and forth, the grading inlet side of the three-stage swing screen (4) is connected to the outlet of the feeder (2), and a guide bin (3), a medium-sized fruit shelling machine (5) and a large-sized fruit shelling machine (7) are arranged in sequence below the three-stage swing screen (4) along the grading direction. A three-layer swing screen (11) is provided below the shell breaker (7), the three-layer swing screen (11) comprising a screen frame and a second transmission assembly driving the screen frame to swing back and forth, a large-pore screen layer (11-1), a medium-pore screen layer (11-2) and a small-pore screen layer (11-3) are provided in the screen frame from top to bottom, each screen layer is provided with an outlet, the outlet of the medium-pore screen layer (11-2) is connected to the inlet of the seed shell separator (8), and the outlet of the seed shell separator (8) is connected to the inlet of the tea seed conveyor (9); The diversion bin (3) comprises a three-way distributor, the inlet of the three-way distributor is provided with a feed hopper (3-4), the two outlets of the three-way distributor correspond to the dry tea seed channel (3-2) and the small fruit channel (3-3), respectively, and the outlet of the dry tea seed channel (3-2) is located above the three-layer swing screen (11).
2. A dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium-sized fruit shelling machine (5) and the large-sized fruit shelling machine (7) have the same structure, and both comprise a feed hopper (5-1), a shell breaking bin (5-2), a support frame (5-3), a rotating shaft (5-4), a fixed disk (5-5), a shell breaking roller (5-6), a shell breaking screen (5-7) and a pulley III (5-8). The shell breaking bin (5-2) is mounted on the frame via the support frame (5-3). The upper part of the shell breaking bin (5-2) is provided with a feed hopper (5-1), the lower part of the shell breaking bin (5-2) is provided with a shell breaking screen (5-7), the shell breaking bin (5-2) is provided with a rotating shaft (5-4), and the rotating shaft (5-6) is mounted on the rotating shaft (5-8). Both ends of the shaft (5-4) are respectively mounted on the frame via bearings; both ends of the rotating shaft (5-4) located inside the shell breaking bin (5-2) are respectively provided with fixed disks (5-5); a plurality of shell breaking rollers (5-6) are provided between the two fixed disks (5-5); one end of the rotating shaft (5-4) extending out of the shell breaking bin (5-2) is provided with a pulley III (5-8); the mesh size of the shell breaking screen (5-7) is elliptical; the mesh size of the shell breaking screen (5-7) of the large fruit shell breaking machine (7) is larger than the mesh size of the shell breaking screen (5-7) of the medium fruit shell breaking machine (5).
3. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A large fruit outlet (4-11) corresponding to the large fruit shelling machine (7) is provided on one side of the three-stage screen body (4-10), and small fruit sieve holes (4-12) corresponding to the feed hopper (3-4) and medium fruit sieve holes (4-13) corresponding to the medium fruit shelling machine (5) are provided on the three-stage screen body (4-10).
4. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transmission assembly comprises a swing bearing I (4-7), a connecting arm (4-5), a drive shaft I (4-3), a pulley I (4-2) and an eccentric block (4-6); the three-stage screen body (4-10) is connected to the frame via the swing bearing I (4-7); a connecting arm (4-5) is provided at the lower part of the three-stage screen body (4-10) close to the inlet side; a drive shaft I (4-3) is installed at the upper part of the frame close to the inlet side via a bearing; a pulley I (4-2) is provided at one end of the drive shaft I (4-3); an eccentric block (4-6) is provided at the other end of the drive shaft I (4-3); an eccentric shaft I (4-8) is provided on the eccentric block (4-6); one end of the swing arm I (4-1) is connected to the eccentric shaft I (4-8) via a joint bearing I (4-4), and the other end is rotatably connected to the connecting arm (4-5).
5. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second transmission assembly comprises a swing bearing II (11-5), a drive shaft II (11-7), a swing rod II (11-9), an eccentric wheel (11-4) and a pulley II (11-6); the screen frame is connected to the frame via the swing bearing II (11-5); a drive shaft II (11-7) is mounted on the frame via a bearing; one end of the drive shaft II (11-7) is provided with a pulley II (11-6) and the other end is provided with an eccentric wheel (11-4); the eccentric wheel (11-4) is provided with an eccentric shaft II; one end of the swing rod II (11-9) is connected to the eccentric shaft II via a joint bearing II (11-8) and the other end is rotatably connected to a connecting ear (11-10) on the screen frame.
6. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power of the medium fruit shelling machine (5), the first transmission assembly and the second transmission assembly all comes from a drive motor (13-2), and the drive motor (13-2) is mounted on the frame.
7. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed shell separator (8) comprises a separation frame, the upper part of which is provided with a seed shell separation mechanism, and the lower part of which is provided with a fruit shell conveyor (10); The seed shell separation mechanism comprises a plurality of smooth rollers (8-4), a plurality of grooved rollers (8-5) arranged at intervals from the smooth rollers, and a driving mechanism for driving the smooth rollers and the grooved rollers to rotate, one end of the smooth roller (8-4) is meshed with one end of the grooved roller (8-5) by means of gears, and the driving mechanism comprises a plurality of belt pulleys (8-8) and a husk separation driving motor, the husk separation driving motor being arranged at the bottom of a separation frame, the belt pulley (8-8) being mounted at one end of the grooved roller (8-5), and the husk separation driving motor being connected to the belt pulley (8-8) by means of a belt.
8. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit shelling and separation machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The diameter of the grooved roller (8-5) is 2.3 times the diameter of the smooth roller 8-1, the rolling surface of the smooth roller (8-4) is higher than the rolling surface of the grooved roller (8-5), and the gap between the smooth roller (8-4) and the grooved roller (8-5) is 2 mm.
9. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit shelling and separation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blocking net (8-9) is provided on the upper part of the separation frame, the blocking net (8-9) comprising a horizontal section and an upward bending section, the upward bending section and the feeding port of the seed shell separation mechanism forming a feeding guide structure.
10. The dry and wet dual-purpose oil-tea fruit peeling and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Upward doors (6) are provided on both sides of the upper part of the frame, and a gas spring is provided between the upward doors (6) and the frame; a slag removal conveyor (12) is also provided below the three-layer swing screen (11).