Crushing device for organic waste pretreatment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crushing equipment, and particularly discloses a crushing device for organic waste pretreatment. Comprising a body, a power device, a crushing cylinder, a screen cylinder, a feed hopper and a collection hopper. The crushing cylinder is horizontally mounted, a crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing cylinder, the screening cylinder is cylindrical, a plurality of screening areas are arranged on the side wall of the screening cylinder, the sizes of screening holes are different, and the different screening areas can be matched with the crushing cylinder by rotating the screening cylinder, so that the particle size of discharged materials is adjusted; the feeding hopper is connected with the smashing barrel through a conveying pipe, and the collecting hopper is located on the lower side of the screen barrel and used for collecting smashed materials. By optimizing the structure and the mounting mode of the screen drum, flexible adjustment of the discharging granularity is achieved, the screening performance is stable, cleaning and maintenance are easy, and the efficiency and the effect of organic waste smashing treatment are remarkably improved. The smashing device is compact in structure, easy and convenient to operate and suitable for smashing requirements of different granularities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pulverizing equipment, and in particular to a pulverizing device for pre-processing organic waste. Background Art

[0002] In the recycling process of organic waste, crushing pretreatment is a key step. Depending on the main components of organic waste and the subsequent treatment methods, the requirements for crushing particle size are different. Existing organic waste crushing devices usually use a screen with a fixed aperture. The discharge particle size is adjusted by replacing the screen, which is complicated to operate and inefficient.

[0003] The invention patent with publication number CN109331983A provides an automatically adjustable organic waste crushing device, which adjusts the size of the sieve holes by offsetting the inner and outer mesh cylinders to achieve the adjustment of the discharge particle size. Although this technology has made certain progress in the method of adjusting the discharge particle size, it still has certain shortcomings in actual use. Specifically, when the inner and outer mesh cylinders are offset, the hole shape of the sieve holes will change, resulting in unstable screening performance and difficulty in achieving the expected discharge effect; the double-layer screen structure forms steps at the sieve holes, which easily accumulates materials and increases the risk of screen blockage. At the same time, the complex structure of the double-layer screen also significantly increases the difficulty of cleaning and maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a pulverizing device for pre-treatment of organic waste, which can achieve flexible adjustment of the discharge particle size by optimizing the structure and installation method of the screen drum, while improving the stability of the screening performance and simplifying the cleaning and maintenance operations of the screen drum.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A pulverizing device for pre-processing organic waste, comprising a machine body, a power device, a pulverizing cylinder, a sieve cylinder, a feed hopper and a collecting hopper; The crushing cylinder is fixed on the machine body, and end covers are fixed at both ends of the crushing cylinder. The end covers are provided with feed ports, and the lower side of the crushing cylinder is an open part of an open structure; a crushing mechanism driven by a power device is fixed in the crushing cylinder; The sieve drum is cylindrical, and a plurality of sieve sections are arranged on the side wall of the sieve drum, and sieve holes of different sizes are opened in different sieve sections; end rings are fixed at both ends of the sieve drum, and the sieve drum and the two end rings are sleeved on the crushing drum, and the end rings are rotatably matched with the crushing drum, and the inner wall of the sieve drum is in contact with the open part of the crushing drum; The feed hopper is located above the crushing cylinder and is connected to the two feed ports of the crushing cylinder through two feeding pipes; The collecting hopper is located at the lower side of the screen drum, the upper end of the collecting hopper is in contact with the outer side wall of the screen drum, and the lower end is provided with a discharge port.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the lower end of the feed hopper is provided with two discharge ports, the discharge ports are connected to the upper end of the conveying pipe, and an inverted V-shaped bulge is provided inside the feed hopper between the two discharge ports.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the pulverizing mechanism comprises a main shaft and a central knife group and two side knife groups supported and fixed by the main shaft; the main shaft is in driving connection with the power device; the central knife group is located in the middle of the pulverizing cylinder, and the two side knife groups are distributed on both sides of the central knife group; each side knife group is composed of a plurality of spiral blades, and the two side knife groups can respectively drive the materials at both ends of the pulverizing cylinder to move towards the central knife group when working; Furthermore, the middle knife group is composed of a plurality of crushing hammers or flat knifes.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the outer circumference of the end ring is an outer gear ring; an adjusting shaft is rotatably fixed on the machine body, two adjusting gears are fixed on the adjusting shaft, and the two adjusting gears are respectively meshed with the two outer gear rings; an adjusting motor is fixed on the machine body and is transmission-connected to the adjusting shaft.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the screen drum is composed of a plurality of arc pieces of the same shape, each arc piece is provided with a screening area, and the axial ends of the arc piece are fixedly connected to the two end rings by bolts.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the discharge port of the collecting hopper is located on one side of the lower end thereof, the bottom of the collecting hopper is an inclined material sliding plate, and the power device is located on the lower side of the material sliding plate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, wear-resistant sealing gaskets are fixed on the upper port and the open portion of the collecting hopper.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the pulverizing cylinder is fixedly connected to the two end covers by bolts, and the screen cylinder and the two end rings are limited by the two end covers.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a first brush bar is fixed on the outside of the open part of the crushing cylinder for removing attachments on the inner wall of the sieve cylinder; a second brush bar is fixed on the machine body, and the second brush bar is located on the outside of the sieve cylinder for removing attachments on the outer wall of the sieve cylinder; the first brush bar and the second brush bar are evenly distributed with steel wire bristles.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The particle size of the discharge material can be adjusted. By rotating the screen drum, different screening areas can be adjusted to the lower side of the open part, so that the corresponding screening areas can be matched with the open part to achieve flexible adjustment of the particle size of the discharge material, which is convenient and quick.

[0015] 2. The screening performance is stable. Although the sieve holes in the screening area are of different sizes, the hole shape is constant, which avoids the problem of unstable screening performance caused by changes in the shape of the sieve holes; 3. Easy to clean and maintain. When the working screening area is blocked or worn, the screening area can be adjusted above the crushing cylinder by rotating the screen drum for maintenance or repair, which significantly reduces the difficulty of maintenance and repair of the screen drum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the crushing device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the crushing device in another direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pulverizing cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the screen drum in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination structure between the collecting hopper and the machine body in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the coordinated structure of the crushing drum, the screen drum, the collecting hopper and the machine body in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the working status of the two side cutting groups and the middle cutting group in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure between the adjustment motor and the end ring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed hopper after being cut open in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination structure between the first brush bar, the screen cylinder and the crushing cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination structure between the second brush bar, the screen cylinder and the crushing cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure, 1. power device, 2. main shaft, 3. first fixed plate, 4. end cover, 5. feed pipe, 6. feed hopper, 61. discharge port, 62. raised part, 7. outer gear ring, 8. second fixed plate, 9. screen cylinder, 91. arc plate, 10. collecting hopper, 101. sliding plate, 11. discharge port, 12. end ring, 13. adjusting motor, 14. adjusting shaft, 15. adjusting gear, 16. crushing cylinder, 17. open part, 18. feed port, 19. middle knife group, 20. side knife group, 21. first brush bar, 22. second brush bar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the present invention discloses a pulverizing device for pre-processing organic waste, comprising a machine body, a power device 1, a pulverizing cylinder 16, a sieve cylinder 9, a feed hopper 6 and a collecting hopper 10; The pulverizing cylinder 16 is horizontally designed, and end covers 4 are fixed at both ends thereof, and a feed port 18 is provided on the end covers 4. A first fixing plate 3 is fixed on each of the end covers 4, and the first fixing plate 3 is fixedly connected to the machine body, thereby the pulverizing cylinder 16 is installed and fixed on the machine body. The lower side of the pulverizing cylinder 16 is an open portion 17 of an open structure; a pulverizing mechanism is provided in the pulverizing cylinder 16, and the pulverizing mechanism is driven by the power device 1; The sieve drum 9 is cylindrical, and a plurality of sieve zones are arranged on the side wall of the sieve drum 9, and sieve holes are evenly distributed in the sieve zones, and the sizes of the sieve holes in different sieve zones are different; end rings 12 are fixed at both ends of the sieve drum 9, and the central axes of the sieve drum 9 and the two end rings 12 coincide with each other and are jointly sleeved on the crushing drum 16, and the end rings 12 are rotatably matched with the crushing drum 16, and the sieve drum 9 is supported by the two end rings 12 and can rotate synchronously with the two end rings 12; the inner wall of the sieve drum 9 is fitted with the open part 17 of the crushing drum 16, and the position of the sieve zone can be adjusted by rotating the sieve drum 9, so that different sieve zones are matched with the open part 17 to achieve the adjustment of the discharge particle size; The feed hopper 6 is fixed on the machine body, located above the crushing cylinder 16, and is connected to the two feed ports 18 of the crushing cylinder 16 through two feed pipes 5 respectively; the feed hopper 6 is used to store the material to be crushed, and the material can enter the crushing cylinder 16 through the feed pipe 5 based on gravity; Two second fixing plates 8 are fixed to the upper end of the collecting hopper 10, and the second fixing plates 8 are fixedly connected to the machine body, so that the collecting hopper 10 is installed and fixed on the machine body and is located on the lower side of the screen drum 9. The upper port of the collecting hopper 10 is in contact with the outer wall of the screen drum 9, and the lower end of the collecting hopper 10 is provided with a discharge port 11.

[0031] Based on the above design, when the organic waste is crushed, the position of the screening area can be adjusted by rotating the screen drum 9, and the corresponding screening area can be adjusted to the lower side of the open part 17 to achieve flexible adjustment of the discharge particle size. During the implementation of the present invention, the number of screening areas can be set according to actual needs, preferably 2-4.

[0032] Preferably, see Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, the screen drum 9 is composed of a number of arc pieces 91 of the same shape, each arc piece 91 is provided with a screening section, and the axial ends of the arc piece 91 are fixedly connected to the two end rings 12 by bolts to ensure the overall strength and stability of the screen drum 9; therefore, when a screening section cannot work normally due to wear, the corresponding arc piece 91 can be replaced without replacing the entire screen drum 9; more importantly, when replacing the arc piece 91, the screen drum 9 is rotated to adjust the arc piece 91 to the upper side of the crushing drum 16, so that the disassembly operation can be carried out, which is convenient and quick.

[0033] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, the discharge port 11 of the collecting hopper 10 is located on one side of its lower end, and the bottom of the collecting hopper 10 is an inclined material sliding plate 101. The particles filtered out by the screen cylinder 9 are collected by the collecting hopper 10, slide downward through the material sliding plate 101, and are finally discharged from the discharge port 11; the power device 1 is located on the lower side of the material sliding plate 101; thereby, the structural layout of the present crushing device is more reasonable, the overall equipment is more compact, and the occupied space is reduced.

[0034] Preferably, wear-resistant sealing gaskets (not shown) are fixed to the upper port and the open portion 17 of the collecting hopper 10 to improve the coordination effect between the side wall of the screen drum 9 and the crushing drum 16 .

[0035] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the crushing cylinder 16 is fixedly connected to the end covers 4 at both ends thereof by bolts, and the screen cylinder 9 and the two end rings 12 are limited by the two end covers 4 to ensure that the screen cylinder 9 and the crushing cylinder 16 cannot move relative to each other in the axial direction; this structural design is conducive to ensuring the matching stability of the crushing cylinder 16 and the screen cylinder 9, and reducing the difficulty of assembling the crushing cylinder 16 and the screen cylinder 9.

[0036] Preferably, see Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the pulverizing mechanism includes a main shaft 2 and a middle blade group 19 and two side blade groups 20 supported and fixed by the main shaft 2; the main shaft 2 is supported by the two end covers 4 of the pulverizing barrel 16 and is in transmission connection with the power device 1; the middle blade group 19 and the two side blades are distributed axially along the main shaft 2, the middle blade group 19 is located in the middle of the pulverizing barrel 16, and the two side blade groups 20 are distributed on both sides of the middle blade group 19; each side blade group 20 is composed of a plurality of spiral blades, and the spiral directions of the spiral blades in the two side blade groups 20 are opposite. When the pulverizing blade groups rotate, the spiral blades in the two side blade groups 20 can respectively drive the materials at the two ends of the pulverizing barrel 16 to move toward the middle blade group 19, that is, to the middle of the pulverizing barrel 16; Furthermore, the middle blade group 19 is composed of a plurality of crushing hammers or flat blades to differentiate the action mode of the material from the side blade group 20. Since the crushing barrel 16 adopts a horizontal design and the feed port 18 is set at both ends, when the crushing blade group is working, the side blade group 20 can drive the material to move toward the middle blade group 19 while shredding the material, which is conducive to evenly distributing the material in the crushing barrel 16 and making full use of the internal space of the crushing barrel 16; in addition, the side blade groups 20 can drive the material to move horizontally in the crushing barrel 16, and the material not crushed by the side blade group 20 will be crushed by the middle blade group 19 for the second time. Since the action modes of the side blade group 20 and the middle blade group 19 on the material are different, the crushing efficiency and effect can be improved.

[0037] Preferably, see Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the outer circumference of the end ring 12 is the outer gear ring 7, and teeth are evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the outer gear ring 7; an adjusting shaft 14 is rotatably fixed on the body, and two adjusting gears 15 are fixed on the adjusting shaft 14, and the two adjusting gears 15 are respectively engaged with the two outer gear rings 7; an adjusting motor 13 that is transmission-connected to the adjusting shaft 14 is fixed on the body; thus, based on the transmission system composed of the outer gear ring 7, the adjusting gears 15 and the adjusting shaft 14, the adjusting motor 13 can be used to drive the screen drum 9 to rotate, so as to adjust the position of the screening area; the adjusting motor 13 adopts a stepping motor or a servo motor, and combined with the existing automatic control technology, the rotation angle of the screen drum 9 can be precisely controlled to achieve precise automatic adjustment of the discharge particle size.

[0038] Preferably, see Figure 2 , Fig. 9As shown, the lower end of the feed hopper 6 is provided with two spaced-apart discharge ports 61, and the discharge ports 61 are connected to the upper end of the conveying pipe 5. An inverted V-shaped protrusion 62 is provided inside the feed hopper 6 between the two discharge ports 61; thereby ensuring that the material in the feed hopper 6 can be evenly distributed to the two discharge ports 61 and discharged smoothly and thoroughly through the discharge ports 61.

[0039] Preferably, Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown, the crushing cylinder 16 is fixed with a first brush bar 21 on the outside of the open portion 17 for cleaning the attachments on the inner wall of the sieve cylinder 9, and the body is fixed with a second brush bar 22 located on the outside of the sieve cylinder 9 for cleaning the attachments on the outer wall of the sieve cylinder 9; the first brush bar 21 and the second brush bar 22 are evenly distributed with steel wire bristles; therefore, when there are many attachments on the sieve cylinder 9 and the sieve holes are blocked, the sieve cylinder 9 can be cleaned by rotating the sieve cylinder 9. Specifically, because the inner wall of the sieve cylinder 9 is in contact with the open portion 17, the sieve cylinder 9 rolls over During the rolling process, the attachments on the inner wall will be scraped off by the open portion 17, and the first brush bar 21 can further clean the inner wall of the screen drum 9 through the bristles; similarly, because the outer wall of the screen drum 9 is in contact with the upper end of the collecting hopper 10, the attachments on the outer wall of the screen drum 9 will be scraped off by the upper end of the collecting hopper 10 during the rolling process, and the second brush bar 22 can further clean the outer wall of the screen drum 9 through the bristles; since both the inner and outer sides of the screen drum 9 can be effectively cleaned, the attachments can be effectively removed to obtain a good cleaning effect.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0041] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crushing device for pre-treatment of organic waste, comprising a body, a power device, a crushing cylinder, a sieve cylinder, a feed hopper and a collecting hopper; characterized in that: The crushing cylinder is fixed on the machine body, and end covers are fixed at both ends of the crushing cylinder. The end covers are provided with feed ports, and the lower side of the crushing cylinder is an open part of an open structure; a crushing mechanism driven by a power device is fixed in the crushing cylinder; The sieve drum is cylindrical, and a plurality of sieve sections are arranged on the side wall of the sieve drum, and sieve holes of different sizes are opened in different sieve sections; end rings are fixed at both ends of the sieve drum, and the sieve drum and the two end rings are sleeved on the crushing drum, and the end rings are rotatably matched with the crushing drum, and the inner wall of the sieve drum is in contact with the open part of the crushing drum; The feed hopper is located above the crushing cylinder and is connected to the two feed ports of the crushing cylinder through two feeding pipes; The collecting hopper is located at the lower side of the screen drum, the upper end of the collecting hopper is in contact with the outer side wall of the screen drum, and the lower end is provided with a discharge port.

2. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the feed hopper is provided with two discharge ports, which are connected to the upper end of the conveying pipe, and an inverted V-shaped bulge is provided between the two discharge ports inside the feed hopper.

3. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism includes a main shaft and a central knife group and two side knife groups supported and fixed by the main shaft; the main shaft is connected to the power device in a transmission manner; the central knife group is located in the middle of the crushing barrel, and the two side knife groups are distributed on both sides of the central knife group; each side knife group is composed of multiple spiral blades, and the two side knife groups can respectively drive the materials at both ends of the crushing barrel to move toward the central knife group when working.

4. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle knife group is composed of a plurality of crushing hammers or flat knifes.

5. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer circumference of the end ring is an outer gear ring; an adjusting shaft is rotatably fixed on the machine body, and two adjusting gears are fixed on the adjusting shaft, and the two adjusting gears are respectively meshed with the two outer gear rings; an adjusting motor is fixed on the machine body and is transmission-connected with the adjusting shaft.

6. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screen cylinder is composed of a plurality of arc pieces of the same shape, each arc piece is provided with a screening area, and the axial ends of the arc piece are fixedly connected to the rings at both ends by bolts.

7. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port of the collecting hopper is located at one side of the lower end thereof, the bottom of the collecting hopper is an inclined material sliding plate, and the power device is located at the lower side of the material sliding plate.

8. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wear-resistant sealing pads are fixed on the upper port and the open part of the collecting hopper.

9. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing cylinder is fixedly connected with the two end covers by bolts, and the screen cylinder and the two end rings are limited by the two end covers.

10. The organic waste pretreatment pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing cylinder is fixed with a first brush bar on the outside of the open part for cleaning the attachments on the inner wall of the sieve cylinder; a second brush bar is fixed on the machine body for cleaning the attachments on the outer wall of the sieve cylinder; the first brush bar and the second brush bar are evenly distributed with steel wire bristles.

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