Heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross section area and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with the variable cross section area of a water column and a method, and belongs to the technical field of wave energy power generation buoys.The heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy comprises a buoy body, an air turbine is installed in an air outlet hole in the top of the buoy body, and a center pipe located under the air outlet hole is arranged in the center of the bottom of the buoy body; a water column cavity communicated with the air outlet hole is formed between the outer side wall of the center pipe and the inner side wall of the buoy body, a heaving plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the center pipe, and a plurality of evenly-distributed horizontal guide rails are fixedly connected between the outer side wall of the upper portion of the center pipe and the inner side wall of the middle of the buoy body. A telescopic partition plate assembly dividing the water column cavity into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity is installed on the horizontal guide rails in a sliding mode, and a synchronous telescopic driving mechanism used for driving the telescopic partition plate assembly to move along the horizontal guide rails is fixed to one ends of the horizontal guide rails. The proportion of the cross section area of the outer water column cavity and the cross section area of the inner water column cavity can be changed according to the sea condition, and the optimal wave energy conversion efficiency is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wave energy power generation buoys, and in particular relates to a heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable water column cross-sectional area and a method. Background Art

[0002] As a part of ocean energy, wave energy is generated by the all-weather, periodic movement formed by the action of wind and seawater. Wave energy is mainly composed of two forms of energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. As a green and renewable energy, wave energy has the advantages of wide distribution, huge energy reserves, clean and pollution-free. The theoretical value of wave energy worldwide is about 109kw. The total power generation in the world today is far less than the total energy of wave energy. Therefore, wave energy power generation technology has broad prospects.

[0003] According to the working principle of the wave energy collector, it can be mainly divided into oscillating water column type, overriding wave type, oscillating float type, etc. At present, the oscillating water column type wave energy collector is the mainstream of wave energy utilization. The heave plate is a metal plate structure with a certain length and thickness. Common heave plate structures are circular, square, triangular, etc., and are mainly used in some large platforms. The capture characteristics of the platform can be improved by providing additional damping and additional mass provided by the heave plate structure, changing the natural frequency of the platform, extending the heave cycle, and improving the heave response of the non-resonant zone of the platform. The heave plate can improve the wave energy collection capacity of the oscillating water column type wave energy collector. For example, the invention patent with publication number CN118008672A proposes a wave energy power generation buoy and its variable thickness heave plate and thickness change method, the invention patent with publication number CN117550018A discloses a wave energy power generation buoy and its variable area heave plate and control method, and the invention patent with publication number CN117550017A proposes a Spar-shaped wave energy power generation buoy device and method with variable tail tube length.

[0004] However, the sea conditions change all the time. In the existing heave plate oscillating water column device, the area of ​​the water column is fixed, which means that the device can only convert wave energy within a small wave cycle range, and the wave energy conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, a heave plate wave energy device with a variable water column cross-sectional area is needed, which can adjust the water column area according to the wave conditions during the process of collecting wave energy and improve the wave energy conversion efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a heave plate wave energy power generation buoy and method with a variable water column cross-sectional area, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a wave energy power generation buoy with a heaving plate and a variable water column cross-sectional area, comprising a buoy body, wherein an air outlet is arranged at the top center of the buoy body, an air turbine is installed in the air outlet, a central tube is arranged at the bottom center of the buoy body and is located directly below the air outlet, a water column cavity connected to the air outlet is formed between the outer wall of the central tube and the inner wall of the buoy body, the bottom end of the central tube extends out of the buoy body and is fixedly connected with the heaving plate, a plurality of evenly distributed horizontal guide rails are fixedly connected between the upper outer wall of the central tube and the middle inner wall of the buoy body, a telescopic baffle assembly for dividing the water column cavity into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity is slidably installed on the plurality of horizontal guide rails, and a synchronous telescopic driving mechanism for driving the telescopic baffle assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail is fixed at one end of the horizontal guide rail.

[0007] Preferably, the telescopic partition assembly includes a first partition and a second partition, the first partition is L-shaped, a guide hole for a horizontal guide rail to pass through is opened in the middle of the upper part of the first partition, and a second partition that can be telescopically moved relative to the first partition is clamped between the left and right ends of two adjacent first partitions, and the first partition and the second partition form a circle.

[0008] Preferably, telescopic slide grooves are provided inside the left and right ends of the first partition, and anti-detachment strips are provided at the openings of the telescopic slide grooves to prevent the second partition from separating from the first partition. The left and right ends of the second partition are respectively movably embedded in the corresponding telescopic slide grooves, and the left and right ends of the second partition are respectively provided with sliding protrusions that cooperate with the anti-detachment strips.

[0009] Preferably, the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism includes an electric rocker and a connecting rod, the shell end of the electric rocker is hinged to the end of the horizontal guide rail close to the center tube, the rocker end of the electric rocker is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the first partition.

[0010] Preferably, a first hinge seat is fixed to one end of the horizontal guide rail close to the center tube, the shell end of the electric rocker is hinged to the first hinge seat, a second hinge seat is fixed to the inner side wall of the first partition, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the second hinge seat.

[0011] Preferably, the guide hole is U-shaped.

[0012] Preferably, the number of the horizontal guide rails is four.

[0013] Preferably, the buoy body is a hemispherical cover body which is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, and a cavity is arranged inside the side wall of the buoy body.

[0014] Preferably, the heave plate is circular, and the diameter of the heave plate is equal to the bottom outer diameter of the buoy body.

[0015] The present invention also provides a wave energy power generation method of a heaving plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area, which uses the heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable water column cross-sectional area, comprising the following steps: S1, set the time interval T for the sensor to detect the wave angular frequency; S2, setting the upper limit ω1 and lower limit ω2 of the active wave angular frequency when the wave energy power generation buoy is working normally; S3, detecting the wave angular frequency ωi through a sensor; S4, judging whether the current wave angular frequency ωi is within the active wave angular frequency range, if not, the wave energy power generation buoy stops working, if yes, monitoring the current state of the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism, so as to determine the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity; S5, judging whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal, if so, maintaining the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, if not, driving the telescopic partition assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail through the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism until the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the optimal ratio; S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 at a time interval T.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5, the specific method for determining whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal is: S51, calculating the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy; S52. Compare the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are the same, then the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are different, then the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal.

[0017] Preferably, in step S5, if the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal, then according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency, the telescopic baffle assembly is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail by the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, thereby changing the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy, so that the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency, and at this time, the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the best.

[0018] Preferably, in step S5, the additional mass required to change the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is calculated according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency; according to the additional mass required to be changed, the telescopic baffle assembly is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail by a synchronous telescopic drive mechanism to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, so that the additional mass of the wave energy power generation buoy is changed, thereby changing the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy, until the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is equal to the current wave angular frequency.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention divides the water column cavity between the outer wall of the central tube and the inner wall of the buoy body into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity through a telescopic baffle assembly, and can drive the telescopic baffle assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail between the upper outer wall of the central tube and the middle inner wall of the buoy body through a synchronous telescopic driving mechanism, so that the wave energy power generation buoy can change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity according to actual conditions under different sea conditions, that is, when the wave angular frequency changes, that is, change the cross-sectional areas of the inner oscillating water column and the outer oscillating water column, thereby ensuring the optimal wave energy conversion efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings in the following description without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the buoy body in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the telescopic partition assembly and the synchronous telescopic driving mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first partition and the second partition in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6The present invention is a flow chart of a method for wave energy power generation using a heave plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Markings in the figure: 1. buoy body; 2. air outlet; 3. air turbine; 4. center tube; 5. water column cavity, 51. outer water column cavity, 52. inner water column cavity; 6. vertical swing plate; 7. horizontal guide rail; 8. telescopic partition assembly, 81. first partition, 82. second partition; 9. synchronous telescopic drive mechanism, 91. electric rocker, 92. connecting rod; 10. cavity; 11. guide hole; 12. first articulated seat; 13. second articulated seat; 14. telescopic slide groove; 15. anti-dropping strip; 16. sliding convex strip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following embodiments are specifically cited and described in detail with the drawings.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wave energy power generation buoy with a heave plate and a variable water column cross-sectional area, comprising a buoy body 1, wherein an air outlet 2 is arranged at the top center of the buoy body 1, and an air turbine 3 is installed in the air outlet 2; a central tube 4 is arranged at the bottom center of the buoy body 1 and is located directly below the air outlet 2; a water column cavity 5 connected to the air outlet 2 is formed between the outer wall of the central tube 4 and the inner wall of the buoy body 1; the bottom end of the central tube 4 extends out of the buoy body 1 and is fixedly connected to a heave plate 6; a plurality of (e.g., four) evenly distributed horizontal guide rails 7 are fixedly connected between the upper outer wall of the central tube 4 and the middle inner wall of the buoy body 1; a telescopic baffle assembly 8 for dividing the water column cavity 5 into an outer water column cavity 51 and an inner water column cavity 52 is slidably installed on the plurality of horizontal guide rails 7; a synchronous telescopic driving mechanism 9 for driving the telescopic baffle assembly 8 to move along the horizontal guide rail 7 is fixed at one end of the horizontal guide rail 7.

[0030] In this embodiment, the telescopic partition assembly 8 includes a first partition 81 and a second partition 82, the first partition 81 is L-shaped, a guide hole 11 is provided in the middle of the upper part of the first partition 81 for the horizontal guide rail 7 to pass through, and a second partition 82 that can be telescopically moved relative to the first partition 81 is clamped between the left and right ends of two adjacent first partitions 81, and the first partition 81 and the second partition 82 form a circle. The horizontal guide rail 7 is preferably not limited to a U-shaped profile (such as a channel steel), and the guide hole 11 is U-shaped.

[0031] In this embodiment, telescopic grooves 14 are provided inside the left and right ends of the first partition 81, and anti-dropping strips 15 are provided at the opening of the telescopic grooves 14 to prevent the second partition 82 from detaching from the first partition 81. The left and right ends of the second partition 82 are respectively movably embedded in the corresponding telescopic grooves 14, and the left and right ends of the second partition 82 are respectively provided with sliding protrusions 16 that cooperate with the anti-dropping strips 15. In this embodiment, the telescopic grooves 14 allow the second partition 82 to slide freely in the first partition 81. When the first partition 81 moves outward along the horizontal guide rail 7, the second partition 82 gradually extends from the telescopic grooves 14; when the first partition 81 moves inward along the horizontal guide rail 7, the second partition 82 gradually retracts into the telescopic grooves 14.

[0032] In this embodiment, the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 includes an electric rocker 91 and a connecting rod 92. The housing end of the electric rocker 91 is hinged to the end of the horizontal guide rail 7 close to the central tube 4. The rocker end of the electric rocker 91 is hinged to one end of the connecting rod 92. The other end of the connecting rod 92 is hinged to the first partition 81. The electric rocker 91 is a prior art. The motor drives the rocker to swing up and down, and the rocker drives the connecting rod 92 to swing, so that the first partition 81 moves along the horizontal guide rail. Therefore, the electric rocker 91 can also be called an electric swing rod. Of course, the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 can also adopt a driving mechanism such as an electric push rod.

[0033] In this embodiment, for the convenience of installation, a first hinge seat 12 is fixed to one end of the horizontal guide rail 7 close to the center tube 4, the shell end of the electric rocker 91 is hinged to the first hinge seat 12, a second hinge seat 13 is fixed to the inner side wall of the first partition 81, and the other end of the connecting rod 92 is hinged to the second hinge seat 13.

[0034] In this embodiment, the buoy body 1 is a hemispherical cover body that is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, and a cavity 10 is provided inside the side wall of the buoy body 1. The hollow structure can provide better buoyancy for the buoy body 1. The heave plate 6 is circular, and the diameter of the heave plate 6 is equal to the bottom outer diameter of the buoy body 1. The function of the heave plate 6 is to provide additional mass and damping for the buoy.

[0035] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the wave energy power generation buoy generates a certain relative motion with the waves under the action of waves, and the water column in the inner water column cavity 52 acts like a piston, repeatedly pushing the air in the air outlet 2, and the reciprocating airflow drives the air turbine 3 to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. In order to ensure that the wave energy power generation buoy obtains the optimal wave energy conversion efficiency, the real-time ocean information at the location of the buoy is generally monitored, such as wave height, wave period, wave angular frequency, etc. The buoy body 1 of this embodiment measures the angular frequency of the current wave through the sensor (omitted in the figure) thereon, calculates the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 with the best current wave conditions, and then gives an instruction to the electric rocker 91 through the controller (omitted in the figure) thereon, so that the electric rocker 91 drives the four first partitions 81 to move inward or outward along the horizontal guide rail 7 through the connecting rod 92 to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment also provides a wave energy power generation method of a heaving plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area, using the heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable water column cross-sectional area, comprising the following steps: S1, set the time interval T for the sensor to detect the wave angular frequency; S2, setting the upper limit ω1 and lower limit ω2 of the active wave angular frequency when the wave energy power generation buoy is working normally; S3, detecting the wave angular frequency ωi through a sensor; S4, judging whether the current wave angular frequency ωi is within the active wave angular frequency range, if not, the wave energy power generation buoy stops working, if yes, monitoring the current state of the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9, so as to determine the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52; S5, judging whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is optimal, if so, maintaining the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52, if not, driving the telescopic partition assembly 8 to move along the horizontal guide rail 7 through the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 until the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 reaches the optimal ratio; S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 at a time interval T.

[0037] In this embodiment, in step S5, the specific method for determining whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is optimal is: S51, calculating the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy; S52. Compare the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are the same, the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is optimal. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are different, the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is not optimal.

[0038] In this embodiment, in step S5, if the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is not optimal, then according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency, the telescopic baffle assembly 8 is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail 7 by the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52, thereby changing the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy, so that the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency, and at this time, the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 reaches the best.

[0039] In this embodiment, in step S5, the additional mass required to change the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is calculated according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency; according to the additional mass required to be changed, the telescopic partition assembly 8 is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail 7 by the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is changed, so that the additional mass of the wave energy power generation buoy is changed, and the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy can be changed, until the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is equal to the current wave angular frequency.

[0040] Among them, the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy ω n The calculation formula is as follows: ; Where m is the mass of the wave energy buoy, A 33 is the additional mass of the wave energy buoy, and c is the coefficient of restoring force. The additional mass refers to the object moving at a variable speed in a fluid. The force that pushes the object must not only do work to increase the kinetic energy of the object, but also do work to increase the kinetic energy of the surrounding fluid. Therefore, for an object with a certain mass to gain acceleration, the force applied to it will be greater than the product of the mass of the object and the acceleration. This added mass is the additional mass.

[0041] Additional mass A of wave energy generating buoy 33 The calculation formula is as follows: ; Wherein, ρ is the density of seawater, S is the area of ​​the heave plate, H0 is the depth of seawater, and h is the depth of the heave plate under the seawater. When the area of ​​the inner water column cavity 52 is larger, the displacement volume of the buoy body 1 becomes larger and the draft becomes smaller, that is, the depth h of the heave plate 6 under the seawater becomes smaller, then the additional mass A 33 becomes smaller, thus making the natural frequency ω n becomes bigger; otherwise, the opposite happens.

[0042] The power generation efficiency η of the wave power generation buoy of this embodiment can be decomposed into three parts: the first part, efficiency η1, represents the efficiency of the buoy in converting wave energy into air kinetic energy; the second part, efficiency η2, represents the efficiency of converting air kinetic energy into mechanical energy of the rotating air turbine; the third part, efficiency η3, represents the efficiency of the impeller of the air turbine driving the generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Combining the efficiencies of these three parts, the overall power generation efficiency η can be obtained, that is, η=η1×η2×η3. When the wave power generation buoy of the present invention is applied, η2 can maintain a more stable state during the power generation process, so that the wave power generation buoy can achieve more efficient energy conversion under irregular wave conditions.

[0043] The contents not disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are all prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area, characterized in that: It includes a buoy body, wherein an air outlet is provided at the top center of the buoy body, an air turbine is installed in the air outlet, a center tube is provided at the bottom center of the buoy body, and a water column cavity connected with the air outlet is formed between the outer wall of the center tube and the inner wall of the buoy body, the bottom end of the center tube extends out of the buoy body and is fixedly connected with a vertical swing plate, a plurality of evenly distributed horizontal guide rails are fixedly connected between the upper outer wall of the center tube and the middle inner wall of the buoy body, a telescopic baffle assembly for dividing the water column cavity into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity is slidably installed on the plurality of horizontal guide rails, and a synchronous telescopic driving mechanism for driving the telescopic baffle assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail is fixedly provided at one end of the horizontal guide rail.

2. The heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic partition assembly includes a first partition and a second partition. The first partition is L-shaped. A guide hole for a horizontal guide rail to pass through is opened in the middle of the upper part of the first partition. A second partition that can be telescopically moved relative to the first partition is clamped between the left and right ends of two adjacent first partitions. The first partition and the second partition form a circle.

3. The heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Telescopic grooves are provided inside the left and right ends of the first partition, and anti-detachment strips are provided at the openings of the telescopic grooves to prevent the second partition from separating from the first partition. The left and right ends of the second partition are movably embedded in the corresponding telescopic grooves, and the left and right ends of the second partition are respectively provided with sliding protrusions that cooperate with the anti-detachment strips.

4. The heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 2, characterized in that: The synchronous telescopic driving mechanism includes an electric rocker and a connecting rod. The shell end of the electric rocker is hinged to one end of the horizontal guide rail close to the central tube, the rocker end of the electric rocker is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the first partition.

5. The heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first hinge seat is fixed to one end of the horizontal guide rail close to the central tube, the shell end of the electric rocker is hinged to the first hinge seat, a second hinge seat is fixed to the inner side wall of the first partition, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the second hinge seat.

6. The heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy body is a hemispherical cover body which is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, and a cavity is arranged inside the side wall of the buoy body; the heave plate is circular, and the diameter of the heave plate is equal to the bottom outer diameter of the buoy body.

7. A method for wave energy power generation using a heaving plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area, using the heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable water column cross-sectional area as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, set the time interval T for the sensor to detect the wave angular frequency; S2, setting the upper limit ω1 and lower limit ω2 of the active wave angular frequency when the wave energy power generation buoy is working normally; S3, detecting the wave angular frequency ωi through a sensor; S4, judging whether the current wave angular frequency ωi is within the active wave angular frequency range, if not, the wave energy power generation buoy stops working, if yes, monitoring the current state of the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism, so as to determine the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity; S5, judging whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal, if so, maintaining the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, if not, driving the telescopic partition assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail through the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism until the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the optimal ratio; S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 at a time interval T.

8. The wave energy power generation method using a heave plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the specific method for determining whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal is as follows: S51, calculating the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy; S52. Compare the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are the same, then the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are different, then the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal.

9. The wave energy power generation method using a heave plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, if the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal, then according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency, the telescopic baffle assembly is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail by the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, thereby changing the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy, so that the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency, and at this time, the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the optimal level.

10. The wave energy power generation method using a heave plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S5, the additional mass required to change the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is calculated according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency; according to the additional mass required to be changed, the telescopic baffle assembly is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail by the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, so that the additional mass of the wave energy power generation buoy is changed, and the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy can be changed until the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is equal to the current wave angular frequency.

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