Method for preparing soil conditioner from wet garbage and greening garbage

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for preparing a soil conditioner from wet garbage and greening garbage. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product; obtaining a bacteria solution enriched with the salt-tolerant grease degrading bacteria; high-grade wet garbage aerobic fermentation products are obtained; and uniformly mixing the high-grade wet garbage aerobic fermentation product with decomposed garden waste, biochar, enriched salt-tolerant grease degrading bacterium liquid, calcium sulfate and rhamnolipid to obtain the soil conditioner. A high-efficiency grease degrading bacterium is separated from an original production process and contains more than dozens of bacteria and fungi, and meanwhile, the environment-friendly soil conditioner is prepared from a wet garbage aerobic fermentation initial product by combining effective components such as garden waste (subjected to decomposition treatment), biochar, calcium sulfate and a biological surfactant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiment of the present invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a method for preparing a soil conditioner by utilizing wet garbage and greening garbage. Background Art

[0002] Since the implementation of the "Shanghai Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations" in 2019, the output of wet garbage has steadily increased, and a number of wet garbage treatment technologies have emerged, mainly including two disposal methods: centralized anaerobic fermentation to make biogas and decentralized aerobic fermentation to make fertilizer.

[0003] Aerobic fermentation of wet garbage is a process that promotes the rapid decomposition of wet garbage in a short period of time to achieve reduction and stability of properties through the comprehensive use of factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation volume, carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment, and high-efficiency strains in the biochemical treatment machine. Different wet garbage aerobic fermentation manufacturers often use different technical processes to produce wet garbage products. Therefore, wet garbage products of different quality levels have appeared on the market. In addition, the aerobic fermentation time of wet garbage in the biochemical treatment machine is short, the properties of wet garbage products are not completely stable, and the decomposition of proteins, polysaccharides, and fats is incomplete. In particular, fats are difficult to decompose quickly in a short period of time. There are high concentrations of intermediate metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, which are toxic to soil and plants when used directly. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and greening garbage to solve the technical problem that the existing wet garbage aerobic fermentation products contain high concentrations of intermediate metabolites short-chain fatty acids, and direct use will have certain toxicity to the soil and plants.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and green garbage, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) After the restaurant kitchen waste and the green waste are mixed, the resulting mixture is subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain a primary wet waste aerobic fermentation product;

[0008] (2) placing the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product obtained in step (1) in a salt-containing and oil-containing culture medium, culturing on a shaking table, and when the culture solution becomes turbid, aspirating the culture solution and transferring it to a fresh salt-containing and oil-containing culture medium to obtain a bacterial solution enriched with salt-tolerant and oil-degrading bacteria;

[0009] (3) using the enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria liquid obtained in step (2) to perform secondary aerobic fermentation on the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product obtained in step (1) to obtain a high-grade wet garbage aerobic fermentation product;

[0010] (4) The aerobic fermentation product of high-grade wet garbage obtained in step (3) is mixed with the garden waste that has been decomposed, biochar, the enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria liquid obtained in step (2), calcium sulfate, and rhamnolipid to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0011] Further, in step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 25 to 30:1;

[0012] The conditions of the aerobic fermentation are: fermentation temperature of 35°C to 50°C, humidity of 50% to 60%, stirring frequency of 2 to 4 times per day, and aerobic fermentation for 72 to 120 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), the composition of the salt-containing and oil-containing culture medium is: 10 g / L sodium chloride, 10 g / L ammonium sulfate, 1 g / L potassium chloride, 4.5 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.02 g / L ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 5 ml / L soybean oil, and the balance is distilled water;

[0014] The mass volume ratio of the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product to the salt-containing and oil-containing culture medium is (3-8) grams: 100 milliliters;

[0015] The shaking culture conditions are as follows: shaking culture for 72 hours, culture temperature of 28° C., and rotation speed of 160 rpm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria liquid is diluted 500 to 1000 times according to an inoculation amount of 1 to 1.5% and then mixed with the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product;

[0017] The conditions of the secondary aerobic fermentation are: fermentation temperature 35°C to 50°C, humidity 50% to 60%, stirring frequency 2 to 4 times per day, and aerobic fermentation for 72 to 120 hours.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (4), the mass ratio of the aerobic fermentation product of high-grade wet garbage, the composted garden waste, the biochar, the bacterial liquid of enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria, the calcium sulfate and the rhamnolipid is 100:100:1:1:1:0.5.

[0019] Furthermore, the particle size of the biochar is 1 to 5 mm. It should be noted that wet garbage has a high salt content, and the purpose of adding biochar is to absorb sodium ions. The present invention does not specifically limit the type of biochar, which can be plant-based biochar: wood biochar (such as sawdust, branches, etc.), crop straw biochar (such as corn straw, wheat straw, etc.), or animal-based biochar: animal feces biochar, etc.

[0020] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a soil conditioner, which is prepared by any of the methods described above.

[0021] Since the number of culturable microorganisms in the soil accounts for about 0.01% of the total, choosing one or several strains of oil-degrading bacteria purchased from the market not only fails to cover most of the efficient oil-degrading bacteria, but may also have reduced vitality in the new habitat.

[0022] The present invention separates a class of highly efficient oil-degrading bacteria from the original production process, which contains more than dozens of bacteria, such as Sphingobacillus, Serratia, Oligosporon, Pseudochalobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Citrobacter, Falsochrobactrum, Flavobacterium, Landbacter, Membranicola, Sphingobacterium, etc., and the oil-degrading fungal group includes Candida, Aspergillus, Yarrowia, Chytridiomycetes, and Achytrium.

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0024] The present invention deeply analyzes the soil barrier factors of wet garbage products and develops salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria targeting the difficult-to-decompose small molecule fatty acids and high-salt components in wet garbage. It is different from the common strains such as fiber-degrading bacteria and protein-degrading bacteria commonly used in the market. At the same time, it combines garden waste (after composting treatment), biochar, calcium sulfate, biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) and other effective ingredients to prepare the initial products of aerobic fermentation of wet garbage into an environmentally friendly soil conditioner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 Fungal data in the highly efficient salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacterial community provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Bacterial data of the highly efficient salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacterial community provided in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The present invention provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner by using wet garbage and greening garbage, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) Preparing primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation products: collecting restaurant garbage and green garbage, wherein the mixture of restaurant garbage and green garbage has a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1, and putting the restaurant garbage and green garbage into a wet garbage biochemical treatment machine for thorough mixing. The fermentation temperature is set at 35° C., the humidity is set at 50%, and the stirring frequency is set at 3 times / day. Aerobic fermentation is performed for 80 hours to obtain primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation products.

[0032] (2) Preparation of a culture medium enriched with salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria: 5 g of the wet garbage aerobic fermentation product obtained in step (1) was weighed and placed in 100 ml of culture medium, and cultured in a shaking table at a culture temperature of 28°C and a rotation speed of 160 rpm for 72 hours, wherein the culture medium formula is as follows: 10 g of sodium chloride, 10 g of ammonium sulfate, 1 g of potassium chloride, 4.5 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.02 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 5 ml of soybean oil, and distilled water to 1 liter; when the culture medium becomes turbid, it is transferred to a fresh culture medium for transfer culture to obtain a culture medium enriched with salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria. The culture medium used in this step uses edible oil as the only carbon source for microorganisms, and the salt concentration reaches 10‰, and the target strain, i.e., a highly efficient salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacterial community, is screened.

[0033] (3) Preparing high-grade wet garbage aerobic fermentation products: dilute the salt-tolerant grease-degrading bacteria liquid obtained in step (2) by 800 times and spray it on the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation products in step (1), wherein the inoculation amount of the salt-tolerant grease-degrading bacteria liquid is 1%. Then, the mixture is put into the wet garbage biochemical treatment machine again for thorough mixing, and the fermentation temperature is set at 35° C., the humidity is set at 50%, and the stirring frequency is set at 3 times / day. The mixture is aerobic fermented for 80 hours to obtain high-grade wet garbage aerobic fermentation products.

[0034] (4) Preparing a soil conditioner: The aerobic fermentation product of the high-grade wet garbage of step (3), the composted garden waste, biochar (crop straw biochar, with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm), the enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacterial solution obtained in step (2), calcium sulfate, and rhamnolipid are fully and uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 100:100:1:1:1:0.5 to prepare a wet garbage soil conditioner.

[0035] The enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacterial solution obtained in step (2) was analyzed using Illumina PE300 / PE250 high-throughput sequencing (completed by Shanghai Meiji Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.), and the fungal data obtained are shown in Table 1 below.

[0036] Table 1

[0037] Fungi Relative abundance (%) Cutaneotrichosporon 51.5 Candida 42.8 Aspergillus 3.1 Meyerozyma 0.8 Yarrowia 0.8 Diutina 0.3 Unclassified genus Fungi 0.2 Chytridiomycota Unknown genus 0.2 Apiotrichum 0.1 Acaulium 0.1 other 0.1

[0038] The enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacterial solution obtained in step (2) was analyzed using Illumina PE300 / PE250 high-throughput sequencing (completed by Shanghai Meiji Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and the bacterial data obtained are shown in Table 2 below.

[0039] Table 2

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a conventional soil conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) Preparing aerobic fermentation products of wet garbage: collecting restaurant garbage and green garbage, wherein the mixture of restaurant garbage and green garbage has a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1, and putting the restaurant garbage and green garbage into a wet garbage biochemical treatment machine for thorough mixing. The fermentation temperature is set at 35° C., the humidity is set at 50%, and the stirring frequency is set at 3 times / day, and aerobic fermentation is performed for 80 hours.

[0045] (2) Preparing a soil conditioner: The wet garbage aerobic fermentation product of step (1), the composted garden waste, biochar, calcium sulfate, and rhamnolipid are fully and uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 100:100:1:1:0.5 to prepare a wet garbage soil conditioner.

[0046] Application examples:

[0047] The soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and the soil conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 1 were respectively applied to camphor tree forest cultivation, and the application method was broadcasting, 1 kg / m 2The test area is 300m 2 After one year, plant and soil index monitoring was carried out. The results are shown in Tables 3-4 below. The comparison results of the properties of the two products are shown in Table 5 below.

[0048] Table 3 Plant growth monitoring

[0049]

[0050] Table 4 Soil quality monitoring

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] Table 5 Comparison of properties of two products

[0054]

[0055] In summary, since the soil conditioner of the present invention contains highly efficient oil-degrading bacteria in the native habitat, it can significantly improve the fertility of the soil and promote the growth and development of plants.

[0056] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and green garbage, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) After the restaurant kitchen waste and the green waste are mixed, the resulting mixture is subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain a primary wet waste aerobic fermentation product; (2) placing the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product obtained in step (1) in a salt-containing and oil-containing culture medium, culturing on a shaking table, and when the culture solution becomes turbid, aspirating the culture solution and transferring it to a fresh salt-containing and oil-containing culture medium to obtain a bacterial solution enriched with salt-tolerant and oil-degrading bacteria; (3) using the enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria liquid obtained in step (2) to perform secondary aerobic fermentation on the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product obtained in step (1) to obtain a high-grade wet garbage aerobic fermentation product; (4) The aerobic fermentation product of high-grade wet garbage obtained in step (3) is mixed with the garden waste that has been decomposed, biochar, the enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria liquid obtained in step (2), calcium sulfate, and rhamnolipid to obtain the soil conditioner.

2. The method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and green garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 25 to 30:1; The conditions of the aerobic fermentation are: fermentation temperature of 35°C to 50°C, humidity of 50% to 60%, stirring frequency of 2 to 4 times per day, and aerobic fermentation for 72 to 120 hours.

3. The method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and green garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), The composition of the salt- and oil-containing culture medium is: 10 g / L sodium chloride, 10 g / L ammonium sulfate, 1 g / L potassium chloride, 4.5 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.02 g / L ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 5 ml / L soybean oil, and the balance is distilled water; The mass volume ratio of the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product to the salt-containing and oil-containing culture medium is (3-8) grams: 100 milliliters; The shaking culture conditions are as follows: shaking culture for 72 hours, culture temperature of 28° C., and rotation speed of 160 rpm.

4. The method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and green garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), The enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria liquid is diluted 500 to 1000 times according to an inoculation amount of 1 to 1.5% and then mixed with the primary wet garbage aerobic fermentation product; The conditions of the secondary aerobic fermentation are: fermentation temperature 35°C to 50°C, humidity 50% to 60%, stirring frequency 2 to 4 times per day, and aerobic fermentation for 72 to 120 hours.

5. The method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and green garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the mass ratio of the aerobic fermentation product of high-grade wet garbage, the composted garden waste, the biochar, the enriched salt-tolerant oil-degrading bacteria liquid, the calcium sulfate and the rhamnolipid is 100:100:1:1:1:0.

5.

6. The method for preparing a soil conditioner using wet garbage and green garbage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the biochar is 1 to 5 mm.

7. A soil conditioner, characterized in that: It is made by the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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