Gravel curtain layer surface soil reconstruction machine and use method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of surface soil reconstruction, and particularly relates to a gravel curtain layer surface soil reconstruction machine and a use method. The gravel curtain layer surface soil reconstruction machine comprises a bucket and a reconstruction mechanism, the reconstruction mechanism comprises a temporary storage bin, an upper screen conveyor, a screen plate and a first conveying belt which are sequentially arranged from front to back; a feeding hole communicated with the temporary storage bin is formed in the rear part of the bucket; a second conveying belt and a third conveying belt are sequentially arranged below the first conveying belt, an upper partition plate inclining downwards is arranged at the rear end of the second conveying belt, and a lower partition plate inclining downwards is arranged at the rear end of the third conveying belt. A material scattering device is arranged above the first conveying belt, and a feeding device is installed at the front end of the third conveying belt. The using method comprises the steps that the front end of the bucket is inserted into the earth surface by the depth of 12-18 cm; and the gravel curtain layer surface soil reconstruction machine reconstructs surface soil while advancing. According to the invention, continuous operation of soil lifting, reconstruction and laying of the gravel curtain layer is realized, so that the reconstruction work of the gravel curtain layer is time-saving and labor-saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of topsoil reconstruction, and in particular relates to a gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Gravel curtain layer refers to an important ecological barrier unique to desert mining areas that is gradually formed by residual sand and debris due to wind erosion of the fine soil on the surface of the soil under warm temperate desert climate conditions. The gravel curtain layer is mainly composed of soil crust and surface gravel, and plays an important role in preventing land wind erosion and desertification. Xinjiang is rich in mineral resources, and mining activities have caused serious damage to the gravel curtain layer. The gravel curtain layer has a certain self-repair ability after damage, and the natural repair ability in different terrains and landforms is: the valley bottom area is the bedrock broken residual area, the platform area; the natural repair ability in the destruction mode: the rolling damage area, the excavation damage area; the repair time: the repair process and effect in spring and summer, and the environmental impact law in autumn and winter; the lower the proportion of gravel in the shallow cover layer, the lower the protective function of the gravel curtain layer, the weaker the natural repair ability, and the greatest environmental impact after damage. However, when the degree of damage to the gravel curtain layer exceeds the self-repair ability of the gravel curtain layer, artificial intervention is required to repair the damaged gravel curtain layer.

[0003] However, the gravel curtain layer is a special surface structure, and the restoration of the gravel curtain layer is different from conventional soil restoration. For example, spraying sand fixation agents on the surface of Gobi and gravel can also achieve the effect of gravel curtain crusting, but this gravel curtain crust is very easy to be destroyed due to human activities, causing sand to leak out. If plant restoration is used, the root system of plants can not only stabilize the sand, but also gradually improve the environment. However, the current gravel curtain reconstruction method requires tossing the stripped soil back and forth, which is complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine and a use method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine comprises a vehicle body, a bucket is arranged at the front end of the vehicle body, and a reconstruction mechanism is arranged in the vehicle body; the reconstruction mechanism comprises a buffer bin, an upper screen conveyor, a screen plate and a first conveyor belt which are arranged in sequence from front to rear; a feeding port which is connected to the buffer bin is opened at the rear of the bucket; the upper screen conveyor is used to convey the surface soil in the buffer bin to the screen plate; a second conveyor belt and a third conveyor belt are arranged in sequence below the first conveyor belt, and the front end of the first conveyor belt is located directly below the rear end of the screen plate, the front end of the second conveyor belt is located in the middle of the screen plate, the front end of the third conveyor belt is located directly below the upper screen conveyor, the rear end of the second conveyor belt is provided with an upper partition plate which is inclined downward, and the rear end of the third conveyor belt is provided with a lower partition plate which is inclined downward; the screen plate is used to screen gravel and soil in the surface soil conveyed by the upper screen conveyor, the gravel slides along the screen plate to the first conveyor belt, and the soil passes through the screen plate and falls to the second conveyor belt and the third conveyor belt;

[0007] A spreading device is arranged above the first conveyor belt, and a feeding device is installed at the front end of the third conveyor belt; the spreading device is used to spread crust-promoting materials on the gravel on the first conveyor belt, and the feeding device is used to spread grass seeds on the third conveyor belt.

[0008] Furthermore, the sieve plate is arranged to be inclined downward in the front-to-back direction, and a plurality of sieve holes are arranged on the sieve plate, and the sieve hole diameter of the sieve plate is the boundary size between local gravel and pure soil; the sieve holes are divided into a transition section located at the upper part and a dense hole section located at the lower part of the sieve holes, and the number of sieve holes in the transition section is smaller than that in the dense hole section, so that at least 65% to 75% of the soil can slide down along the transition section to the dense hole section.

[0009] Furthermore, the material spreading device includes a material spreading bin arranged above the front end of the first conveyor belt, and a plurality of material spreading ports are opened at the bottom of the material spreading bin; a feeding bin and a feeding conveyor are arranged on the vehicle body, and the feeding conveyor quantitatively transports the crusting promoting material in the feeding bin to the material spreading bin; the crusting promoting material includes one or more of lime powder, gypsum powder, and fly ash; the dosage of the crusting promoting material is 14% to 16% of the mass of the soil on the second conveyor belt.

[0010] Furthermore, the feeding device includes a feeding bin arranged above the front end of the third conveyor belt; a seeding mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the feeding bin, and the seeding mechanism includes a middle plate and a feeding shaft rotatably mounted on the feeding bin, and a power device for driving the feeding shaft to rotate; a sliding hole penetrating up and down is provided on the middle plate, and the inner wall of the sliding hole has an arc surface that slides with the outer periphery of the feeding shaft; a seeding groove is provided on the feeding shaft, and the width of the seeding groove is greater than the width of the grass seeds; the power device drives the feeding shaft to rotate and drives the seeding groove to rotate to spread the grass seeds in the feeding bin on the third conveyor belt; the grass seeds are coated seeds.

[0011] Furthermore, a seed leveling plate is provided below the middle plate, and a plurality of seed leveling holes are provided on the seed leveling plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper partition and the lower partition have the same structure; the upper partition includes an inclined slide and a distribution mechanism arranged on the upper surface of the slide; the size of the lower part of the slide is larger than the size of the upper part of the slide; the size of the lower edge of the slide is the same as the maximum width of the bucket; the distribution mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged first guide plates and two symmetrically arranged second guide plates; the first guide plate is arranged at the upper part of the slide and the two first guide plates separate the top space of the slide; the second guide plate is arranged at the lower part of the slide and the upper ends of the two second guide plates are located between the two first guide plates; the angles of the first guide plate and the second guide plate are adjustable.

[0013] Furthermore, the varieties of the grass seeds include one or more of Puccinellia tenuifolia, Puccinellia odorifera, Caragana microsporum, Pennisetum truncatum, Elymus salsa, and Suaeda salsa.

[0014] Furthermore, a first flat material plate is arranged above the first conveyor belt, a second flat material plate is arranged above the second conveyor belt, and a third flat material plate is arranged above the third conveyor belt; the heights of the first flat material plate, the second flat material plate and the third flat material plate are adjustable; the first flat material plate, the second flat material plate and the third flat material plate are used to adjust the thickness of the material on the first conveyor belt, the second conveyor belt and the third conveyor belt and to scrape the material flat.

[0015] Furthermore, an adjustment plate is obliquely provided above the second conveyor belt, and the front end position of the adjustment plate is adjustable.

[0016] The present invention also proposes a method for using a gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, which includes the following steps:

[0017] During the movement of the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, the front end of the bucket is inserted into the ground surface at a depth of 12 cm to 18 cm; the movement speed of the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine and the rotation speeds of the first conveyor belt, the second conveyor belt, and the third conveyor belt are the same, all of which are 0.4 m / s to 0.6 m / s.

[0018] The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine of the present invention has two main functions:

[0019] 1. Topsoil stripping: It can strip the topsoil of the gravel curtain layer on the ground. After screening by the screen plate, the gravel and soil in the topsoil of the gravel curtain layer are separated. At the same time, three conveyor belts are set up to ensure that the soil and gravel can be distinguished and preserved after stripping. The soil includes pure soil and fine gravel after screening.

[0020] 2. Topsoil reconstruction: ① Design the laying according to the growth characteristics of native plants. When backfilling, backfill the deep soil, and further add grass seeds, nutrients, etc. according to the root length to promote vegetation growth; ② In order to ensure the distribution of gravel and the strength of the crust on the surface, mix the gravel with the soil on the surface, and add appropriate fly ash and other crust-promoting materials to promote the formation of surface crust and increase the ability to resist wind erosion.

[0021] The structure of the reconstructed gravel curtain layer from top to bottom is: upper reconstructed layer, gravel + soil + crust-promoting materials; lower reconstructed layer, soil + coated grass seeds; the thickness of the upper reconstructed layer and the lower reconstructed layer are approximately 5 cm and 10 cm.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine of the present invention can automatically realize the excavation, reconstruction and laying of the gravel curtain layer as it moves forward during operation, so that the reconstruction of the gravel curtain layer saves time and effort and has high operation efficiency;

[0024] During the reconstruction of the gravel curtain layer, crust-promoting materials were added and grass seeds were mixed in, which helped the crusting and greening of the gravel curtain layer and enhanced the natural repair ability of the gravel curtain layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Among them:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the reconstruction mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure of the feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustment bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sieve plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the structure of the upper partition according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the distribution of the material distribution mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1- bucket, 2- feeding port, 3- buffer bin, 4- upper screen conveyor, 5- screen plate, 6- first conveyor belt, 7- second conveyor belt, 8- third conveyor belt, 9- upper partition, 91- slide plate, 92- side block, 93- chuck, 94- block, 95- first guide plate, 96- second guide plate, 97- long bolt, 10- lower partition, 11- material spreading port, 12- feeding device, 120- feeding port, 121- third One side plate, 122-second side plate, 123-folding plate, 124-middle plate, 125-unloading shaft, 126-uniform seeding plate, 127-first gear, 128-belt, 129-second synchronous wheel, 130-unloading motor, 13-adjusting plate, 14-first flat plate, 15-second flat plate, 16-third flat plate, 17-flexible pipe section, 18-positioning hole, 100-front of vehicle, 200-middle cabin, 300-rear cabin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixed connections or detachable connections; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, a gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine comprises a vehicle body, a bucket is arranged at the front end of the vehicle body, and a reconstruction mechanism is arranged in the vehicle body; the reconstruction mechanism comprises a buffer bin, an upper screen conveyor, a screen plate and a first conveyor belt which are arranged in sequence from front to back; a feeding port which is connected to the buffer bin is opened at the rear of the bucket; the upper screen conveyor is used to convey the surface soil in the buffer bin to the screen plate; a second conveyor belt and a third conveyor belt are arranged in sequence below the first conveyor belt, and the front end of the first conveyor belt is located directly below the rear end of the screen plate, the front end of the second conveyor belt is located in the middle of the screen plate, the front end of the third conveyor belt is located directly below the upper screen conveyor, the rear end of the second conveyor belt is provided with an upper partition plate which is inclined downward, and the rear end of the third conveyor belt is provided with a lower partition plate which is inclined downward; the screen plate is used to screen gravel and soil in the surface soil conveyed by the upper screen conveyor, the gravel slides along the screen plate to the first conveyor belt, and the soil passes through the screen plate and falls to the second conveyor belt and the third conveyor belt;

[0040] A spreading device is arranged above the first conveyor belt, and a feeding device is installed at the front end of the third conveyor belt; the spreading device is used to spread crust-promoting materials on the gravel on the first conveyor belt, and the feeding device is used to spread grass seeds on the third conveyor belt.

[0041] The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine includes a walking structure and a vehicle body arranged on the walking structure; the walking structure includes a vehicle frame, a walking track arranged in the middle of the vehicle frame, a wheel arranged at the rear of the vehicle frame, and a vehicle power and transmission structure. The vehicle power and transmission structure are conventional technologies and will not be described in detail. The vehicle body as a whole can be divided into three major parts: the front, the middle cabin, and the tail cabin in a front-to-back order. The front is located obliquely behind the bucket; the bucket is a conical bucket with bucket teeth at the front end; during the movement of the vehicle body, it can be inserted under the surface to strip the topsoil of the surface gravel curtain layer. The collected surface soil enters the feeding channel of the bucket through the feeding port, and the end of the feeding channel is connected to the buffer compartment through a flexible pipe joint; the upper screen conveyor is a scraper conveyor, which is low in the front and high in the back, and the front end is arranged in the buffer bin.

[0042] Further, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7As shown, the sieve plate is tilted downward in the front-to-back direction, and a number of sieve holes are arranged on the sieve plate. The sieve hole diameter of the sieve plate is the boundary size between local gravel and pure soil; the sieve holes are divided into a transition section located at the upper part and a dense hole section located at the lower part of the sieve holes. The number of sieve holes in the transition section is smaller than that in the dense hole section, so that at least 65% to 75% of the soil can slide down along the transition section to the dense hole section. The sieve plate of the present invention is intended to distinguish gravel from soil. For example, in a certain area, according to actual sampling surveys, the gravel diameter of relatively small gravel is 4mm, so 4mm is selected as the sieve hole diameter, and gravel with a diameter of less than 4mm is also regarded as soil. In other areas, there are also cases where gravel is generally small, and the diameter of smaller gravel is less than 4mm, so it is necessary to limit the size of the sieve hole according to actual conditions. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine will generate vibration during operation, which promotes the soil and gravel that have not passed through the sieve holes on the sieve plate to move along the upper surface of the sieve plate. Baffle bars are protrudingly arranged on both sides of the screen plate, and the distance between the two baffle bars is smaller than the bandwidth of the first conveyor belt, which can prevent gravel or soil from flying out from the sides of the screen plate.

[0043] Further, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the spreading device includes a spreading bin arranged above the front end of the first conveyor belt, and a plurality of spreading ports are opened at the bottom of the spreading bin; a feeding bin and a feeding conveyor are arranged on the vehicle body, and the feeding conveyor quantitatively conveys the crusting promoting material in the feeding bin to the spreading bin; the crusting promoting material includes one or more of lime powder, gypsum powder, and fly ash; the amount of the crusting promoting material is 14% to 16% of the mass of the soil on the second conveyor belt, and preferably, the crusting promoting material is fly ash, and the amount of the crusting promoting material is 15% of the mass of the soil on the second conveyor belt.

[0044] In the present invention, the crusting of the gravel curtain layer is the result of the soil and the crusting-promoting material, forming a phenomenon of soil surface consolidation; however, due to insufficient space in the middle cabin, there is no installation space for the spreading device above the second conveyor belt, so the spreading device is set above the first conveyor belt; the crusting-promoting material is quantitatively transported to the spreading bin, and along with the vibration of the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, the spreading bin evenly spreads the crusting-promoting material on the first conveyor belt; the gravel + crusting-promoting material on the first conveyor belt and the soil on the second conveyor belt are mixed on the upper partition. The spreading amount of the crusting-promoting material is regulated by the feeding conveyor, and the feeding conveyor can preferably be a screw conveyor.

[0045] Further, such as Figures 2 to 5As shown, the feeding device includes a feeding bin arranged above the front end of the third conveyor belt, the feeding bin includes a first side plate and a second side plate arranged opposite to each other, an end plate connected to both ends of the first side plate and the second side plate, a folding plate and a top plate arranged and fixed on the inner side of the first side plate, and a feeding port is opened on the top plate; the folding plate includes an inclined portion and a vertical portion, a seeding channel is reserved between the vertical portion and the second side plate, and a seeding mechanism is installed in the seeding channel. The seed placement mechanism includes a middle plate horizontally mounted in the seed placement channel, a feed shaft rotatably mounted on the end plate, and a power device for driving the feed shaft to rotate; a sliding hole penetrating up and down is provided on the middle plate, and the inner wall of the sliding hole has an arc surface that slides with the outer periphery of the feed shaft; a seed placement groove is provided on the feed shaft, and the width of the seed placement groove is greater than the width of the grass seeds; during the rotation process, the grass seeds in the feeding bin can fall into the seed placement groove, and then fall out as the seed placement groove rotates to the opening downward; the power device drives the feed shaft to rotate and drives the seed placement groove to rotate to spread the grass seeds in the feeding bin on the third conveyor belt, and the feed shaft can be one or multiple shafts arranged side by side; the grass seeds are coated seeds, which provide basic nutrients and plant hormones for the growth of seeds.

[0046] Preferably, Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, two unloading shafts are arranged in the middle plate; the two unloading shafts rotate synchronously in the same direction or synchronously in opposite directions under the drive of the power device. Specifically, the two ends of the unloading shaft are mounted on the feeding bin through a rotating shaft, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are mounted on the end plate through a bearing seat; the power device includes a seeding motor arranged in the feeding bin, a first synchronous wheel fixed on one of the rotating shafts, a second synchronous wheel fixed on the output shaft of the seeding motor, a synchronous belt connecting the two synchronous wheels (the first synchronous wheel and the second synchronous wheel), and a first gear and a second gear respectively fixed on the two rotating shafts, the first gear meshes with the second gear, so that the two unloading shafts rotate synchronously under the drive of the power device. When the first synchronous wheel is coaxially fixed with the second gear, and the first gear is arranged on the outside of the second gear, the two unloading shafts rotate in the same direction, and two cavities for receiving grass seeds are formed during the rotation of the two seeding grooves. In a specific example, as Figure 4 As shown, the first gear is arranged outside the second gear, and when the first synchronous wheel is fixed coaxially with the first gear, the two feeding shafts rotate in opposite directions; preferably, the seeding grooves on the two feeding shafts are symmetrically installed, so that a cavity for accommodating grass seeds is formed during the rotation of the two seeding grooves, which can reduce the damage to the seeds and seed coating during the rotation. The sowing amount of the feeding device is controlled by the power device, specifically by adjusting the speed of the seeding motor.

[0047] Preferably, Figure 5As shown, a seed leveling plate is provided under the middle plate, and a plurality of seed leveling holes are provided on the seed leveling plate. The grass seeds dropped from the seeding trough first stay between the middle plate and the seed leveling plate, and then fall onto the third conveyor belt due to the vibration of the vehicle and its own gravity when the vehicle is moving; compared with the seeding trough directly dropping the grass seeds, adding a seed leveling plate to seed can obtain a better dispersed grass seed distribution in the reconstructed gravel curtain layer.

[0048] The varieties of the grass seeds include one or more of Puccinellia, Feather, Caragana, Pennisetum, Elymus salsa, and Suaeda salsa. The sowing rate of Puccinellia and Elymus salsa is 15-20 kg / hectare, and the sowing rate of Feather and Pennisetum salsa is 10-15 kg / hectare. The sowing rate of Caragana and Suaeda salsa is 5-10 kg / hectare. The grass seeds are selected from varieties that have strong tolerance to saline-alkali soil and drought conditions. In a specific example, Elymus salsa: Pennisetum: Suaeda salsa = 3:2:1, and the total sowing rate is 30 kg / hectare, among which the sowing rates of Elymus salsa, Pennisetum salsa, and Suaeda salsa are 15 kg / hectare, 10 kg / hectare, and 5 kg / hectare, respectively.

[0049] Further, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, a first flat material plate is arranged above the first conveyor belt, a second flat material plate is arranged above the second conveyor belt, and a third flat material plate is arranged above the third conveyor belt; the heights of the first flat material plate, the second flat material plate, and the third flat material plate are adjustable; the first flat material plate, the second flat material plate, and the third flat material plate are used to adjust the thickness of the materials on the first conveyor belt, the second conveyor belt, and the third conveyor belt and to scrape the materials. The first flat material plate, the second flat material plate, and the third flat material plate have the same structure and are installed on the bulkhead of the middle cabin or the frame structure of the corresponding conveyor belt through the adjustment bracket. The first flat material plate is taken as an example for structural description. The adjustment bracket is a U-shaped slide groove arranged on both sides of the first flat material plate. In order to prevent the displacement of the first flat material plate due to vibration during the operation of the vehicle body, a row of positioning holes is opened on the slide groove, and fixing holes are opened on both sides of the first flat material plate. After determining the installation height of the first flat material plate, the first flat material plate is installed by a locking member passing through the fixing hole and a positioning hole. If the heights of the first flat material plate, the second flat material plate and the third flat material plate are determined and do not need to be adjusted, they can be directly welded to the middle cabin bulkhead or the corresponding conveyor belt frame using supporting rods.

[0050] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, an adjustment plate is obliquely arranged above the second conveyor belt, and the front end position of the adjustment plate is adjustable. By adjusting the front end position of the adjustment plate, the amount of soil that falls onto the second conveyor belt and the third conveyor belt can be conveniently adjusted. The adjustment plate is installed on the middle cabin wall through an adjustment frame, and the adjustment frame can adjust the angle of the adjustment plate by rotating, or a structure similar to an adjustment bracket can be used to install the adjustment plate.

[0051] The upper and lower partitions have the same structure; the upper partition is used as an example for specific description: the upper partition includes an inclined slide, a side guard vertically fixed to the side of the slide, and a material distribution mechanism arranged on the upper surface of the slide; the size of the lower part of the slide is larger than the size of the upper part of the slide; the size of the lower edge of the slide is the same as the maximum width of the bucket, so as to ensure that the width of the excavated topsoil is consistent with the width of the topsoil laid after reconstruction. The width of the belt conveyor is smaller than that of the bucket, so the upper and lower partitions must be reduced in diameter. In order to make the gravel and soil discharging uniform, a material distribution mechanism is installed on the partition to guide the material to a more uniform state.

[0052] like Figures 8 to 9 As shown, the material distribution mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged first guide plates and two symmetrically arranged second guide plates; the first guide plates are arranged on the upper part of the slide and the two first guide plates divide the top space of the slide into three channels: left, middle and right. The materials falling from the belt conveyor are first guided and dispersed by the first guide plates. The second guide plates are arranged on the lower part of the slide and the upper and lower ends of the two second guide plates are both located between the two first guide plates, which divide the materials entering the middle channel into three streams, and each stream of the materials falls and disperses. The angles of the first guide plates and the second guide plates are adjustable, so as to facilitate debugging. Figure 8 , Fig. 9 A first guide plate and a second guide plate angle adjustment structure are provided, the angle adjustment structure includes a chuck, a plurality of blocks fixed on the chuck and a long bolt; a fixing hole is provided at the center of the chuck, and a nut matching the long bolt is welded at the position of the fixing hole corresponding to the lower surface of the chuck; when installing the chuck, a hole is first opened at the corresponding position of the upper partition and the lower partition, the size of the opening is larger than the nut and smaller than or equal to the chuck, and then the chuck is welded to the position of the opening; two blocks are grouped together, each group of blocks is symmetrical along the central axis of the chuck, and an insertion space is formed between two adjacent groups of blocks to insert the first guide plate or the second guide plate. Specifically, taking the first guide plate as an example, the first guide plate body has a fixing cylinder, and the upper surface of the chuck is provided with a sink groove to facilitate positioning the fixing cylinder to be concentric with the fixing hole of the chuck, and the first guide plate angle is adjusted by inserting the first guide plate into different insertion spaces.

[0053] The present invention also proposes a method for using a gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, which includes the following steps:

[0054] During the movement of the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, the front end of the bucket is inserted into the ground surface at a depth of 12cm to 18cm. The original soil is preferably excavated 15cm. The reconstructed surface structure is a 5cm gravel curtain layer on the surface + a 10cm soil body at the bottom. The soil body on the second conveyor belt and the soil body on the third conveyor belt are set at 3:7. The coverage depth of the grass seeds ranges from 8cm to 15cm. The movement speed of the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, the speed of the first conveyor belt, the second conveyor belt, and the third conveyor belt are the same, all of which are 0.4m / s to 0.6m / s, preferably 0.5m. Since the width of the upper screen conveyor is smaller than the width of the bucket, the conveying speed of the upper screen conveyor should be greater than the travel speed, so that the soil entering the feed port can be transported backward in time.

[0055] When the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine of the present invention is used, the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine moves forward, and the bucket shovels soil accordingly. After shoveling the soil, the crushed topsoil enters the feed inlet. If it is found in practice that there are many large pieces in the topsoil that are difficult to crush naturally, the soil can be loosened with a plow before the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine; the soil entering the feed inlet is conveyed to the screen plate by the upper screening conveyor for screening, and the gravel falls on the first conveyor belt, a small part of the soil falls on the second conveyor belt, and most of the soil falls on the third conveyor belt; at the same time, the crust-promoting material is placed on the first conveyor belt through the spreading device, and the grass seeds are spread on the third conveyor belt through the feeding device; the material continues to be conveyed backward, and the grass seeds + soil on the third conveyor belt fall on the lower partition, and then are spread on the ground with the topsoil shoveled off, which is recorded as the lower reconstruction layer; the gravel and crust-promoting material on the first conveyor belt and the soil on the second conveyor belt fall on the upper partition, and are mixed and spread on the lower reconstruction layer in the process of falling along the upper partition, which is recorded as the upper reconstruction layer. In this way, the reciprocating operation of reconstructing the topsoil of the gravel curtain layer is realized continuously, and the operation efficiency is high. The reconstructed topsoil of the gravel curtain layer can also be processed by suppression measures to promote the flatness of the soil surface and promote crusting.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vehicle body, wherein a bucket (1) is arranged at the front end of the vehicle body, and a reconstruction mechanism is arranged inside the vehicle body; the reconstruction mechanism comprises a buffer bin (3), an upper screen conveyor (4), a screen plate (5) and a first conveyor belt (6) which are arranged in sequence from front to back; a feed port (2) which is connected to the buffer bin (3) is opened at the rear of the bucket (1); the upper screen conveyor (4) is used to convey the surface soil in the buffer bin (3) to the screen plate (5); a second conveyor belt (7) and a third conveyor belt (8) are arranged in sequence below the first conveyor belt (6), and the front end of the first conveyor belt (6) is located at the screen plate (5) ), the front end of the second conveyor belt (7) is located in the middle of the sieve plate (5), the front end of the third conveyor belt (8) is located directly below the upper sieve conveyor (4), the rear end of the second conveyor belt (7) is provided with an upper baffle plate (9) inclined downward, and the rear end of the third conveyor belt (8) is provided with a lower baffle plate (10) inclined downward; the sieve plate (5) is used to screen gravel and soil in the surface soil transported by the upper sieve conveyor (4), the gravel slides along the sieve plate (5) to the first conveyor belt (6), and the soil passes through the sieve plate (5) and falls to the second conveyor belt (7) and the third conveyor belt (8); A spreading device is arranged above the first conveyor belt (6), and a feeding device (12) is installed at the front end of the third conveyor belt (8); the spreading device is used to spread crust-promoting materials on the gravel on the first conveyor belt (6), and the feeding device (12) is used to spread grass seeds on the third conveyor belt (8).

2. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sieve plate (5) is arranged downwardly and inclined in the front-rear direction. A plurality of sieve holes are arranged on the sieve plate (5). The sieve hole diameter of the sieve plate (5) is the boundary size between local gravel and pure soil. The sieve holes are divided into a transition section located at the upper part and a dense hole section located at the lower part of the sieve holes. The number of sieve holes in the transition section is smaller than that in the dense hole section, so that at least 65% to 75% of the soil can slide down along the transition section to the dense hole section.

3. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material spreading device comprises a material spreading bin arranged above the front end of the first conveyor belt (6), and a plurality of material spreading ports (11) are provided at the bottom of the material spreading bin; a feeding bin and a feeding conveyor are arranged on the vehicle body, and the feeding conveyor quantitatively conveys the crusting promoting material in the feeding bin to the material spreading bin; the crusting promoting material comprises one or more of lime powder, gypsum powder, and fly ash; and the amount of the crusting promoting material is 14% to 16% of the mass of the soil on the second conveyor belt (7).

4. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (12) comprises a feeding bin arranged above the front end of the third conveyor belt (8); a seed placement mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the feeding bin, the seed placement mechanism comprises a middle plate (124) and a feed shaft (125) rotatably mounted on the feeding bin, and a power device for driving the feed shaft (125) to rotate; a sliding hole is provided on the middle plate (124) extending vertically through the middle plate, the inner wall of the sliding hole has an arc surface that is slidably matched with the outer circumference of the feed shaft (125), and a seed placement groove is provided on the feed shaft (125), the width of the seed placement groove being greater than the width of the grass seeds; the power device drives the feed shaft (125) to rotate, thereby driving the seed placement groove to rotate and sowing the grass seeds in the feeding bin onto the third conveyor belt (8); the grass seeds are coated seeds.

5. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A seed leveling plate (126) is arranged below the middle plate (124), and a plurality of seed leveling holes are provided on the seed leveling plate (126).

6. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper baffle (9) and the lower baffle (10) have the same structure; the upper baffle (9) comprises an inclined slide (91) and a material distribution mechanism arranged on the upper surface of the slide (91); the size of the lower part of the slide (91) is larger than the size of the upper part of the slide (91); the size of the lower edge of the slide (91) is the same as the maximum width of the bucket (1); the material distribution mechanism comprises two symmetrically arranged first guide plates (95) and two symmetrically arranged second guide plates (96); the first guide plates (95) are arranged on the upper part of the slide (91) and the two first guide plates (95) separate the top space of the slide (91); the second guide plates (96) are arranged on the lower part of the slide (91) and the upper ends of the two second guide plates (96) are located between the two first guide plates (95); the angles of the first guide plates (95) and the second guide plates (96) are adjustable.

7. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The varieties of the grass seeds include one or more of Puccinellia tenuifolia, Puccinellia truncatula, Caragana microsporum, Pennisetum truncatum, Elymus dahliae, and Suaeda salsa.

8. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first flat material plate (14) is arranged above the first conveyor belt (6), a second flat material plate (15) is arranged above the second conveyor belt (7), and a third flat material plate (16) is arranged above the third conveyor belt (8); the heights of the first flat material plate (14), the second flat material plate (15), and the third flat material plate (16) are adjustable; the first flat material plate (14), the second flat material plate (15), and the third flat material plate (16) are used to adjust the thickness of the materials on the first conveyor belt (6), the second conveyor belt (7), and the third conveyor belt (8) and to scrape the materials flat.

9. The gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adjustment plate (13) is obliquely arranged above the second conveyor belt (7), and the front end position of the adjustment plate (13) is adjustable.

10. A method for using a gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, characterized in that: Using the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: During the movement of the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, the front end of the bucket (1) is inserted into the ground surface at a depth of 12 cm to 18 cm; the movement speed of the gravel curtain layer topsoil reconstruction machine, the rotation speeds of the first conveyor belt (6), the second conveyor belt (7), and the third conveyor belt (8) are the same, all being 0.4 m / s to 0.6 m / s.

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