Fabricated caisson and method of assembling same

Abstract

The application discloses an assembled sinking well, which comprises multiple ring pipe piece units, each ring pipe piece unit is connected by multiple pipe pieces, the multiple pipe pieces of each ring pipe piece unit are connected through a ring connecting structure, longitudinally adjacent two pipe pieces are connected through a longitudinal connecting structure, and the longitudinal connecting structure comprises a first lock block inserted on one pipe piece, a second lock block inserted on another pipe piece, a connecting assembly and a locking assembly. The pipe pieces are connected together through the mortise and tenon structure, the pipe pieces can be quickly positioned, and the positioning difficulty and low positioning precision in the pipe piece assembling process are overcome. The locking assembly is pre-installed in the first mounting groove of each pipe piece, the first and second lock blocks are locked at one time through the connecting assembly during actual assembling, and the locking assembly is used for secondary locking, so that the longitudinally adjacent pipe pieces can be quickly mounted, the reliable connection between the longitudinal pipe pieces is ensured, the assembling efficiency is improved, the safety is high, and the construction period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of caisson construction technology in tunnel engineering, and in particular to a prefabricated caisson and a method for assembling the prefabricated caisson. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel engineering, prefabricated caissons typically consist of multiple rings of segments, with longitudinal connections between the rings. Each ring is composed of multiple segments connected circumferentially. During assembly, circumferential connections between segments are made using bolts, as are longitudinal connections between segments. After assembly, the segments are positioned using hoisting. However, for large-diameter caissons, the segments are often quite heavy, making segment positioning during assembly difficult. This frequently results in misaligned bolt holes, low assembly accuracy, reduced ground assembly efficiency, and further impacts the overall construction schedule, increasing construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated caisson, and the second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for assembling the prefabricated caisson.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The prefabricated caisson of the present invention includes a multi-ring segment unit, each ring segment unit is composed of multiple segments connected together, each segment has a first connecting end face and a second connecting end face arranged opposite to each other, and also has a third connecting end face and a fourth connecting end face arranged opposite to each other; the multiple segments of each ring segment unit are connected by a circumferential connection structure, the circumferential connection structure being a tenon and mortise structure;

[0006] Two longitudinally adjacent tube segments are connected one-to-one by a longitudinal connection structure. Each tube segment has a first mounting groove on its first connecting end face and a second mounting groove coaxial with the first mounting groove on its second connecting end face. The longitudinal connection structure connects two longitudinally adjacent tube segments together and includes a first locking block inserted into one tube segment, a second locking block inserted into the other tube segment, and a connecting assembly connecting the first locking block and the second locking block together. The connecting assembly is located in the mounting cavity formed by the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove. The longitudinal connection structure also includes a locking assembly fixedly connected to the connecting assembly. The locking surface of the first locking block is located in the first mounting groove of the tube segment, and the locking assembly is located in the first mounting groove of the tube segment. The locking surface of the second locking block is located in the second mounting groove of the other tube segment.

[0007] The beneficial effects are as follows: This invention utilizes a tenon and mortise structure to connect the segments circumferentially, enabling rapid segment positioning and overcoming the technical problems of difficult and inaccurate positioning during existing segment assembly processes. During segment prefabrication, this invention pre-installs a locking assembly in the first mounting groove of each segment. During actual assembly, the first and second locking blocks are locked at once using a connecting assembly, and a second locking is performed using the locking assembly, enabling rapid installation of adjacent segments. After assembly, grouting is injected into the mounting cavity to ensure reliable connection between longitudinal segments, improving assembly efficiency and safety, thereby significantly shortening the construction period. This solves the technical problem of high assembly difficulty and low assembly efficiency caused by misalignment of bolt holes during existing assembly processes.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting assembly includes an I-shaped connecting block, a first sleeve disposed in the middle of the connecting block, and a first screw threadedly engaged with the first sleeve. A through hole is provided on the tube segment corresponding to the first sleeve to allow the first screw to pass through. The locking surfaces of the first locking block and the second locking block each have a locking groove that engages with the locking head of the connecting block. During assembly, the connecting block is first placed horizontally in the first mounting groove of the tube segment. The first screw is inserted into the first sleeve through the through hole. The connecting block can be rotated 90° by rotating the first screw, changing its orientation from horizontal to vertical. Then, the first locking block and the second locking block are inserted into each tube segment respectively, causing the locking heads of the connecting blocks to engage with the locking grooves, achieving a single locking action.

[0009] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking assembly includes a second sleeve longitudinally disposed in a first mounting groove of the tube segment, a second screw threadedly connected to the second sleeve, and a locking shaft radially disposed on the tube segment. The inner end of the locking shaft extends to the first mounting groove and has a first bevel gear. One end of the second sleeve has a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear. One end of the connecting block has a locking hole that cooperates with the second screw. The locking shaft, through the second sleeve, causes the second screw to be screwed into the locking hole, thereby achieving secondary locking.

[0010] The two ends of the second screw extend outwards through the second sleeve. A spring is installed between the second screw and the first mounting groove. The spring helps the second screw to enter the locking hole of the upper tube segment, ensuring a reliable connection between the tube segments.

[0011] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer end of the locking shaft has an internal hexagonal hole, into which an internal hexagonal wrench can be inserted during assembly, making it convenient to tighten and further improving assembly efficiency.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circumferential connection structure is a tenon and mortise structure that connects adjacent rings of segments in each ring segment unit. It includes a protrusion on the third connecting end face of one segment and a limiting groove on the fourth connecting end face of the other segment. The protrusion is inserted into the limiting groove, and a casting gap exists between the protrusion and the limiting groove. In actual processing, the segments are standard components. Each segment has a protrusion on its third connecting end face and a limiting groove on its fourth connecting end face. The segments in each ring segment unit are connected in pairs via the protrusion and the limiting groove, achieving rapid positioning of the segments.

[0013] This invention also provides an assembly method for a prefabricated caisson. The assembly method utilizes a circumferential connection structure to connect the segments of each ring segment unit in pairs, and a longitudinal connection structure to connect every two adjacent segments one-to-one. Specifically, it includes the following:

[0014] The first step involves pre-assembling the first and second longitudinal tunnel segments on the ground. During assembly, the connecting components are adjusted into position, and the first and second locking blocks are inserted into the tunnel segments respectively, connecting the connecting components, the first and second locking blocks to achieve a first locking. Then, the locking components are adjusted to lock together with the connecting components, achieving a second locking and ensuring a reliable connection between the tunnel segments.

[0015] Both the first locking block and the second locking block have radial grouting holes (the grouting holes are connected to the mounting cavity). Grout is injected into the mounting cavity formed by the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove through the grouting holes, so that the longitudinally adjacent connecting segments are fixed together into a whole, improving the structural strength of the connection and further ensuring the reliable connection between the segments.

[0016] The second step is to assemble other segments in a circumferential manner on one or both sides of the first segment until the circumferential assembly of the entire ring segment is completed. Grouting is then performed in the gap between adjacent segments to complete the assembly of the first ring segment unit.

[0017] The third step is to hoist the segment unit assembled in the second step into the foundation pit. In the foundation pit, with the second segment as the reference, install the corresponding segments on each segment of the first ring segment unit according to the installation method in the first step, and insert adjacent segments in the circumferential direction together, so that the two longitudinally adjacent ring segments are fixedly connected into a whole.

[0018] Grouting is performed in the gaps between adjacent segments of the second ring segment unit to complete the assembly of the second ring segment unit and its longitudinal assembly with the first ring segment unit.

[0019] Fourth, repeat step three, assembling each ring of segment units one by one in the foundation pit.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this invention utilizes a tenon and mortise structure to connect the segments circumferentially, enabling rapid segment positioning and overcoming the technical problems of difficult and inaccurate positioning during existing segment assembly. During segment prefabrication, this invention pre-installs a locking assembly in the first mounting slot of each segment. During actual assembly, the first and second locking blocks are locked at once using a connecting assembly, and then locked a second time using the locking assembly. This allows for rapid installation of adjacent segments. After assembly, grouting is injected into the mounting cavity to ensure reliable connection between longitudinal segments, improving assembly efficiency and safety, and significantly shortening the construction period. This solves the technical problem of high assembly difficulty and low assembly efficiency caused by misaligned bolt holes in existing assembly processes. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the tube segment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential assembly of adjacent segments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal assembly of adjacent tube segments according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the longitudinally adjacent segments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal connection structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the longitudinal connection structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are given. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0028] It should be noted that, in the description of this invention, relational terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0029] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention proposes a prefabricated caisson, including a multi-ring segment unit. Each ring segment unit is composed of multiple segments 1 connected together. Each segment 1 has a first connecting end face 1a (i.e., the upper connecting end face of segment 1), a second connecting end face 1b (i.e., the lower connecting end face of segment 1), and a third connecting end face 1c (a side end face) and a fourth connecting end face 1d (a side end face) arranged opposite to each other.

[0031] The multiple segments 1 of each ring segment unit are connected in pairs by a circumferential connection structure. The circumferential connection structure is a tenon and mortise structure. That is, during prefabrication, a protrusion 2a is prefabricated on the third connecting end face 1c of each segment 1, and a limiting groove 2b is reserved on the fourth connecting end face 1d of each segment 1. During assembly, there is always a protrusion 2a and a limiting groove 2b between two adjacent segments in the circumferential direction. The segment 1 can be positioned by inserting the protrusion 2a into the limiting groove 2b. There is no need to align the holes, which greatly improves the assembly efficiency.

[0032] Two adjacent longitudinal segments 1 are connected one-to-one by a longitudinal connecting structure 3. The longitudinal connecting structure 3 connects two adjacent segments 1 together, and includes a first locking block 3a inserted into one segment 1, a second locking block 3b inserted into the other segment 1, and a connecting assembly connecting the first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b together. In actual prefabrication, a first mounting groove (semi-circular structure with an upward opening) is opened in the middle of the upper connecting end face of each segment 1, and a second mounting groove (semi-circular structure with a downward opening) is opened in the middle of the lower connecting end face. A first slot 3c is opened on the segment 1 corresponding to the first mounting groove and communicates with it. The first locking block 3a is inserted into the first slot 3c and its locking surface is located in the first mounting groove. A second slot 3d is opened on the segment 1 corresponding to the second mounting groove and communicates with it. The second locking block 3b is inserted into the second slot 3d and its locking surface is located in the second mounting groove.

[0033] The second mounting groove of the upper tube segment 1 fits together with the first mounting groove of the lower tube segment 1. The connecting component is located in the mounting cavity formed by the first and second mounting grooves. The locking surface of the first locking block 3a is located in the first mounting groove of the lower tube segment 1, and the locking surface of the second locking block 3b is located in the second mounting groove of the upper tube segment 1.

[0034] The connecting assembly includes an I-shaped connecting block 3e, a first sleeve 3f located in the middle of the connecting block 3e, and a first screw 3g threadedly engaged with the first sleeve 3f. A through hole 3h is provided on the tube segment 1 corresponding to the first sleeve 3f to allow the first screw 3g to pass through. The locking surfaces of the first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b each have a locking groove 3i that engages with the locking head of the connecting block 3e. During assembly, the connecting block 3e is first placed horizontally in the first mounting groove of the tube segment 1. The first screw 3g is then inserted into the first sleeve 3f through the through hole 3h. The connecting block 3e can be rotated 90° by rotating the first screw 3g, changing its orientation from horizontal to vertical. Then, the first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b are inserted respectively to achieve a single locking action.

[0035] The longitudinal connection structure 3 also includes a locking assembly set in the first mounting groove (in actual prefabrication, a locking assembly is pre-installed in the first mounting groove of each segment 1). The locking assembly includes a second sleeve 3j longitudinally set in the first mounting groove of the segment 1, a second screw 3k threadedly connected to the second sleeve 3j, and a locking shaft 3m radially set on the segment 1. The inner end of the locking shaft 3m extends to the first mounting groove and has a first bevel gear. One end of the second sleeve 3j has a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear. The lock head at the bottom of the connecting block 3e has a locking hole 3n that mates with the second screw 3k. A spring 3p is located between the bottom of the second screw 3k and the first mounting groove. When the locking shaft 3m rotates, it drives the second sleeve 3j to rotate through the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear. The second screw 3k and the second sleeve 3j are threadedly engaged, and the bottom of the second screw 3k has a spring 3p, which pushes the second screw 3k upward so that its upper end is screwed into the locking hole 3n of the connecting block 3e, achieving secondary locking and ensuring reliable connection of the longitudinal segment 1.

[0036] This invention utilizes a tenon and mortise structure to connect the segments 1 circumferentially, enabling rapid positioning of the segments 1 and overcoming the technical problems of difficult and low-precision positioning during existing segment 1 assembly processes. During the prefabrication of the segments 1, this invention pre-installs a locking assembly in the first mounting groove of each segment 1. During actual assembly, the first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b are locked at once using a connecting assembly, and then locked a second time using the locking assembly. This enables rapid installation of adjacent segments 1. After assembly, grout is injected into the mounting cavity to ensure reliable connection between longitudinal segments, improving assembly efficiency and safety, thereby significantly shortening the construction period. This solves the technical problem of high assembly difficulty and low assembly efficiency caused by misaligned bolt holes in existing assembly processes.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking shaft 3m is installed inside the tube segment 1, and an internal hexagonal hole 3q is provided on its outer end face, into which an internal hexagonal wrench can be inserted for easy tightening during assembly. See details below. Figure 6 .

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 2 It is known that the lateral thickness of the protrusion 2a is slightly less than the lateral depth of the limiting groove 2b, so that there is a casting gap 2c between the protrusion 2a and the limiting groove 2b. After assembly, grout can be injected into each casting gap 2c to fill the casting gap 2c and ensure a reliable connection between adjacent circumferential segments. The first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b are both provided with grouting holes 3r that communicate with the installation cavity. After assembly, grout is injected into the installation cavity through the grouting holes 3r to ensure a reliable connection between longitudinal segments.

[0039] This invention also proposes an assembly method for a prefabricated caisson. The method involves first assembling a first ring of segment units on the ground, and then pre-assembling a segment 1 of a second ring of segment units onto the first ring of segment units. After hoisting, segments 1 from the second ring of segment units are hoisted and assembled one by one onto the first ring of segment units, and this process is repeated to complete the caisson construction. Specifically, it includes the following:

[0040] The first step is to pre-assemble the first segment 1 and the second segment 1 on the ground (longitudinal assembly, i.e., one below and one above). During assembly, the connecting block 3e is placed in the first mounting groove of the first segment 1, the first screw 3g is passed through the through hole 3h and then screwed 90 degrees, so that the connecting block 3e is rotated from the horizontal to the longitudinal state shown in the figure.

[0041] Insert the first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b into their respective slots, so that the lock heads at both ends of the connecting block 3e are respectively engaged in the lock groove 3i connecting the first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b, thereby achieving one-time locking;

[0042] When the locking shaft 3m is turned by using a wrench, the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear will drive the second sleeve 3j to rotate. The second screw 3k and the second sleeve 3j are threaded together, and the bottom of the second screw 3k has a spring 3p. The tension released by the spring 3p pushes the second screw 3k upward, so that the upper end of the second screw 3k is screwed into the locking hole 3n of the connecting block 3e, thereby achieving secondary locking.

[0043] Both the first locking block 3a and the second locking block 3b have radial grouting holes 3r (grouting holes 3r communicate with the mounting cavity). Grout is injected into the mounting cavity formed by the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove through the grouting holes 3r, so that the longitudinally adjacent connecting pipe segments 1 are fixed together into a whole, further ensuring the reliable connection between the pipe segments.

[0044] The second step is to circumferentially assemble other segments 1 on one side of the first segment 1 (circumferential assembly). During assembly, the circumferential positioning and assembly between segments is achieved through the protrusion 2a and the limiting groove 2b until the circumferential assembly of the entire ring segment 1 is completed. Then, grout is injected into the pouring gap 2c to complete the assembly of the first ring segment unit.

[0045] The third step is to hoist the segment units assembled in the second step into the foundation pit, and the segment units sink under their own weight.

[0046] The fourth step is to assemble the other segments 1 of the second ring segment unit onto the segment unit after it has been hoisted into place. During assembly, each segment is assembled first, and then fixed together with the segment 1 below according to the assembly steps in the first step, ensuring that the segments 1 of the ring segment unit are inserted together in pairs. The grouting of the longitudinal segment 1 and the grouting of the casting gap 2c can be concentrated after the second ring segment 1 is completed (using waterproof mortar) to improve the grouting efficiency.

[0047] Fifth, repeat step four to assemble the third ring segment unit on the second ring segment unit. Repeat this process to complete the bottom-up assembly of the prefabricated caisson, which has high assembly efficiency.

[0048] Of course, in actual construction, for small-diameter caissons, the weight of each segment 1 is relatively light. After the first ring segment unit is hoisted, the segments 1 in the second ring segment unit can be assembled together and then hoisted. Taking a segment unit composed of six segments 1 as an example: five of them can be assembled together first, and then hoisted onto the first ring segment unit and assembled longitudinally. During pre-assembly, a segment 1 of the third ring segment unit can be assembled on any one of the five segments 1 to position the hoisting of the third ring segment unit. This process can be repeated to complete the construction, greatly improving assembly efficiency and shortening the construction period.

[0049] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated caisson, comprising multi-ring segment units, each ring segment unit being composed of multiple segments connected together, each segment having a first connecting end face and a second connecting end face arranged opposite to each other, and also having a third connecting end face and a fourth connecting end face arranged opposite to each other; characterized in that: Multiple segments in each ring segment unit are connected by a circumferential connection structure, which is a tenon and mortise structure. Each tube segment has a first mounting groove on its first connecting end face, and a second mounting groove coaxial with the first mounting groove is formed on the second connecting end face of each tube segment. Two adjacent tube segments are connected one-to-one by a longitudinal connection structure, which includes a first locking block inserted into one tube segment, a second locking block inserted into the other tube segment, and a connecting assembly connecting the first and second locking blocks. The connecting assembly is located within the mounting cavity formed by the first and second mounting grooves. The longitudinal connection structure also includes a locking assembly fixedly connected to the connecting assembly. The locking surface of the first locking block is located within the first mounting groove, and the locking assembly is located within the first mounting groove of the tube segment. The locking surface of the second locking block is located within the second mounting groove of the other tube segment. The connecting assembly includes an I-shaped connecting block, a first sleeve disposed in the middle of the connecting block, and a first screw threaded to the first sleeve. A through hole is provided on the tube segment corresponding to the first sleeve to allow the first screw to pass through. The locking surfaces of the first locking block and the second locking block both have locking grooves that mate with the locking head of the connecting block. The locking assembly includes a second sleeve longitudinally disposed in a first mounting groove of the tube segment, a second screw threadedly connected to the second sleeve, and a locking shaft radially disposed on the tube segment. The inner end of the locking shaft extends to the first mounting groove and has a first bevel gear. One end of the second sleeve has a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear. One end of the connecting block has a locking hole that mates with the second screw. The locking shaft, through the second sleeve, causes the second screw to be screwed into the locking hole. A spring is disposed between the second screw and the first mounting groove.

2. The prefabricated caisson according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the locking shaft has an internal hexagonal hole.

3. The prefabricated caisson according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential connection structure includes a protrusion on the third connection end face of one of the segments and a limiting groove on the fourth connection end face of the other segment. The protrusion is inserted into the limiting groove, and there is a casting gap between the protrusion and the limiting groove.

4. An assembly method for a prefabricated caisson as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly method utilizes a circumferential connection structure to connect multiple segments together to form a segment unit, and a longitudinal connection structure to connect adjacent segments one by one. Specifically, it includes the following: The first step is to pre-assemble the first and second longitudinal tube segments. During assembly, after adjusting the connecting components into position, insert the first and second locking blocks respectively. Use the connecting components to connect the first and second locking blocks together to achieve a first locking. Then, lock the locking components together with the connecting components to achieve a second locking. Both the first locking block and the second locking block have radial grouting holes. Grout is injected into the mounting cavity formed by the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove through the grouting holes, so that the longitudinally adjacent connecting pipe segments are fixedly connected into a whole. The second step is to assemble other segments in a circumferential manner on one or both sides of the first segment until the circumferential assembly of the entire ring segment is completed. Grouting is then performed in the gap between adjacent segments to complete the assembly of the first ring segment unit. The third step is to hoist the segment unit assembled in the second step into the foundation pit. In the foundation pit, with the second segment as the reference, install the corresponding segments on each segment of the first ring segment unit according to the installation method in the first step, and insert adjacent segments in the circumferential direction together, so that the two longitudinally adjacent ring segments are fixedly connected into a whole. Grouting is performed in the gaps between adjacent segments of the second ring segment unit to complete the assembly of the second ring segment unit and its longitudinal assembly with the first ring segment unit. Fourth, repeat step three, assembling each ring of segment units one by one in the foundation pit.

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