Mesh-shaped downward drift filling mining method

Abstract

The invention provides a meshing-shaped downward drift filling mining method, and belongs to the field of underground mine exploiting.The meshing-shaped downward drift filling mining method comprises the following steps that an ore body is divided into at least three stopes from the center to the two wings in the strike direction, each stope is divided into a plurality of layers arranged in a staggered mode from top to bottom, and the layers are arranged in a staggered mode; each layer is divided into a first drift with a small length and a second drift with a large length, the first drift and the second drift of the adjacent layers are arranged in a transposition mode, the first drift is constructed firstly when the secondary mining layer is stoped, an artificial stand column is arranged in a goaf formed by the first drift, then the second drift of the secondary mining layer is stoped, and the secondary mining layer is stoped and filled; and stoping and filling other layers of the first stope and other stopes. When the next layer is stoped, the artificial roof is supported by the artificial stand column and the supporting body at the same time, so that the ore body is safely and efficiently stoped; the stopes close to the two ends only partially stope a small amount of surrounding rocks of the ore body pinnout end in a layered mode, and ore body dilution is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular to a "toothed" downward approach filling mining method. Background Art

[0002] The downward approach filling mining method is a mining method that mines and fills the ore body layer by layer in a top-down order. Therefore, the mining of the next layer is carried out under the protection of the filling body formed by the previous layer, that is, the artificial false roof. This can effectively solve the problems of poor surrounding rock stability, support failure and tunnel roof collapse. It is an important means of mining deep underground broken ore bodies. When filling layers, the filling body ash sand of the upper connection layer is generally small, the filling body strength is low, and the performance is poor; the filling slurry ash sand of the lower bearing layer is relatively large, and the filling body strength is high. Therefore, the safety of the downward approach filling mining site mainly depends on the stability of the bearing layer in the filling body.

[0003] At present, when the downward approach filling mining method is used for mining, all layers overlap in the vertical direction of the ore body, so that the two ends of each layer filling body are completely corresponding, and there is a risk of the filling body falling off as a whole, which makes the mining process less safe. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a "toothed" downward approach filling mining method, which aims to solve the technical problems of the risk of overall falling off of the filling body and poor mining safety in the downward approach filling mining method.

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a "toothed" downward approach filling mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Divide the ore body from the center to the two wings along the strike of the ore body into the first stope, the second stope, the third stope, ..., the n-1th stope, and the nth stope, where n ≥ 3, odd-numbered stopes are located on the same side, and even-numbered stopes are located on the same side;

[0007] S2, dividing the first stope from top to bottom into a number of staggered layers, constructing a stope connection road for each layer in the lower wall of the ore body of the first stope; the stope connection road for each layer extends perpendicularly to the ore body to form a dividing line on the upper wall to divide the layer into a first approach and a second approach, the length of the first approach being less than the length of the second approach; the first approach and the second approach of adjacent layers are arranged in a swapped position;

[0008] S3, mining and filling the first mining layer of the first stope in order from top to bottom;

[0009] S4, mining the first access road of the secondary mining layer, and setting up artificial pillars in the goaf formed by the first access road; then mining the second access road of the secondary mining layer, constructing an artificial false bottom after mining and filling the secondary mining layer;

[0010] S5, repeating step S4, mining and filling the remaining layers of the first stope;

[0011] S6. Repeat steps S2 to S5 to mine the remaining mining areas.

[0012] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the ore body is first divided into at least three mining areas from the center to the two wings according to the direction of the ore body, and the first mining area in the center is mined first in a specific order, and then the two wings are mined in sequence; each mining area is divided into several staggered layers from top to bottom, and each layer is divided into a first approach with a smaller length and a second approach with a larger length, and the first approach is mined first, exposing only a small part of the bearing layer filling body of the previous layer; then artificial columns are erected in the goaf of the first approach, so that during the mining process of the second approach, the filling body of the previous layer is supported by the artificial columns and the stable ore rock or filling body on the other side, thereby improving the safety of mining and enabling safe and efficient mining of the ore body. In addition, during the mining process, only some layers of the mining areas close to the two ends need to mine a small amount of surrounding rock at the pinch-out end of the ore body, so the overall waste rock mining volume is small and the ore body is less depleted.

[0013] In some embodiments, in step S4, the height of the artificial columns is equal to the layer height, and the artificial columns are arranged at intervals or individually.

[0014] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the artificial pillars are arranged into a diversified structure, and suitable artificial pillars are selected according to the specific situation, so as to facilitate the formation of artificial pillars and improve the safety of mining.

[0015] In some embodiments, the artificial columns are one or more of hydraulic columns, wooden columns, or expansion prestressed columns.

[0016] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the types of artificial columns, the erection of artificial columns is simple and easy to operate, and at the same time they can play a supporting role.

[0017] In some embodiments, in each layer, the distance between the artificial pillar and the boundary of the first approach close to the adjacent stope is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the first approach.

[0018] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the distance between the artificial pillars and the boundary of the adjacent mining area in the first approach of the layer, the artificial pillars are placed in a suitable position, thereby providing better support for the filling body of the previous layer and improving the safety of mining.

[0019] In some embodiments, the width of each layer contracted inwardly compared to the previous layer or the width embedded in the adjacent stope is 1 / 10 of the stope length.

[0020] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the distance between the next layer and the previous layer embedded in the adjacent mining area, the support body can play a better supporting role for the filling body of the previous layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, all of the stope traffic roads in each stope are in a zigzag structure.

[0022] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the mining field connecting roads is reasonably set, so that the mining field connecting roads of the upper and lower adjacent layers are staggered, so that the first access or the second access of the upper and lower adjacent layers are replaced, so that the artificial pillars in the layered mining process and the stable ore rock, filling body or surrounding rock on the other side can better support the filling body of the previous layer.

[0023] In some embodiments, in step S6, after the first mining field has mined 5-6 layers, the first mined layers of the second mining field and the third mining field located on both sides of the first mining field are mined simultaneously; after the second mining field and the third mining field have mined 5-6 layers, the first mined layers of the fourth mining field adjacent to the second mining field and the fifth mining field adjacent to the third mining field are mined simultaneously.

[0024] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, after the first stope has mined 5-6 layers, the adjacent stopes are mined simultaneously, and the remaining stopes are mined in the same way, which can greatly improve the mining efficiency.

[0025] In some embodiments, the recovery efficiency of the mine chamber is increased by more than 3 times.

[0026] In some embodiments, when the artificial columns are arranged in a T-shaped discontinuous manner, the column spacing ensures normal pedestrian access, facilitating subsequent personnel to enter and lay the false bottom steel mesh and set up the filling pipeline. When the column is square, the specification is not greater than 300mm*300mm, and when the column is round, the diameter is not greater than 300mm. The length of the contact surface between the column and the upper layer bearing layer is the width of the access road, and the width is not less than 500mm.

[0027] In some embodiments, after the mining and filling of the n-1th stope and the nth stope are completed, the formed filling body is embedded in the end surrounding rock on the side away from the adjacent stope.

[0028] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by embedding the filling bodies of the last even-numbered mining area and the last odd-numbered mining area on the side away from the adjacent mining area in the end surrounding rock, both ends of the filling bodies of the last even-numbered mining area and the last odd-numbered mining area can form a "toothed" structure, thereby further improving the stability of the filling body.

[0029] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a front view of the "toothed" downward approach filling mining method in the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 A top view of the "toothed" downward approach filling mining method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1-first mining area; 2-second mining area; 3-third mining area; 4-mining area connecting road; 5-first approach; 6-second approach; 7-artificial pillar; 8-support body; 9-mining area ramp; 11-first mining layer; 12-second mining layer; 13-third layer; 14-fourth layer; 15-fifth layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0037] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "length", "width", "height", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top" and "bottom" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application.

[0039] The downward approach filling mining method is an important means of mining deep underground broken ore bodies. When the current downward approach filling mining method is used for mining, all layers overlap in the vertical direction of the ore body, making the two ends of each layered filling body completely correspond to each other, and there is a risk of the filling body falling off as a whole, which makes the mining process less safe.

[0040] In order to solve the technical problems of overall falling off of the filling body and poor mining safety in the downward approach filling mining method, the present application provides a "toothed" downward approach filling mining method, wherein the ore body is divided into at least three mining areas along its direction, the middle mining area is mined first, and then the mining areas at both ends are mined; each mining area is divided into a number of staggered layers from top to bottom, and each layer is divided into a small-volume first approach and a large-volume second approach, the first approach is mined first, and only a small part of the filling body of the previous layer is exposed; then artificial pillars are erected in the goaf of the first approach, so that during the mining process of the second approach, the filling body of the previous layer is supported by the artificial pillars and the stable ore rock on the other side, thereby improving the safety of mining and allowing the ore body to be mined safely and efficiently.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application embodiment provides a "toothed" downward approach filling mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Divide the ore body from the center to the two wings along the strike of the ore body into the first stope 1, the second stope 2, the third stope 3, ..., the n-1th stope, and the nth stope, where n ≥ 3, and the value of n depends on the length of the ore body along its strike; odd-numbered stopes are located on the same side, and even-numbered stopes are located on the same side, that is, the stopes extending from the center to one side are the first stope 1, the third stope 3, the fifth stope, ..., and the stopes extending from the center to one side are the second stope 2, the fourth stope, the sixth stope, .... Specifically, Figure 1 The X-axis direction (i.e. horizontal direction) is the strike of the ore body, the Z-axis direction (i.e. vertical direction) is the vertical height direction, and the Y-axis direction (i.e. the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the X-axis and the Z-axis) is perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The footwall of the ore body, the ore body, and the upper wall of the ore body are arranged in sequence along the Y-axis direction. For the convenience of explanation, Figure 1 The example of dividing the first stope 1, the second stope 2 and the third stope 3 from the center to the two wings along the direction of the ore body is used for explanation, that is, the even-numbered stopes are located on the left and the odd-numbered stopes are located on the right.

[0043] In this step, the ore body is divided into n mining areas from the center to the two wings along the direction of the ore body, and n ≥ 3 is ensured, so that both ends of at least one mining area along the direction of the ore body are adjacent mining areas rather than end surrounding rocks, which provides favorable conditions for the subsequent setting of the "toothed" structure of the mining area stratification.

[0044] S2. Divide the first mining area 1 into several staggered layers from top to bottom along the vertical height direction of the ore body, and construct a mining area communication road 4 for each layer at the lower wall of the ore body in the first mining area 1; the mining area communication road 4 of each layer extends along a dividing line perpendicular to the ore body direction to the upper wall of the ore body to divide the layer into a first approach 5 and a second approach 6, and the length of the first approach 5 is less than the length of the second approach 6 (the length refers to the X-axis direction); the first approach 5 and the second approach 6 of the upper and lower adjacent layers are arranged in a swapped position.

[0045] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the length of each layer, i.e., the length along the X-axis direction, is the same. The staggered arrangement of the layers from top to bottom means that the first mining layer 11 is used as a reference, the second mining layer 12 is embedded in the ore body of the third mining field 3 on the right, the third layer 13 is located directly below the first mining layer 11, the fourth layer 14 is located directly below the second mining layer 12, the fifth layer 15 is located directly below the first mining layer 11, ..., and the arrangement of the remaining layers is similar. That is, the second mining layer 12 is embedded in the ore body of the third mining field 3 relative to the first mining layer 11, the third layer 13 is embedded in the ore body of the second mining field 2 relative to the second mining layer 12, the fourth layer 14 is embedded in the ore body of the third mining field 3 relative to the third layer 13, the fifth layer 14 is embedded in the ore body of the second mining field 2 relative to the fourth layer 14, ..., and the arrangement of the remaining layers is similar.

[0046] The transposition setting of the first approach 5 and the second approach 6 of the upper and lower adjacent layers means that in the first mining layer 11, the first approach 5 is close to the second mining field 2, and the second approach 6 is close to the third mining field 3; in the secondary mining layer 12, the first approach 5 is close to the third mining field 3, and the second approach 6 is close to the second mining field 2; in the third layer 13, the first approach 5 is close to the second mining field 2, and the second approach 6 is close to the third mining field 3;…, and the positions of the first approach 5 and the second approach 6 in the remaining layers are similar.

[0047] It can be understood that when the width (length along the Y-axis direction) of the ore body is wide, each layer includes several adjacent first access routes 5 and several adjacent second access routes 6. This application takes each layer including one first access route 5 and one second access route 6 as an example for explanation, and each layer including several adjacent first access routes 5 and several adjacent second access routes 6 also belongs to the protection scope of this application. The width of the first access route 5 and the second access route 6 is 3-5m.

[0048] In this step, firstly, the first mining field 1 located in the center along the direction of the ore body is mined, and its several layers are staggered, so that the filling body formed after the layered mining and filling can be staggered. When the next layer is mined, one end of the filling body formed by the previous layer is embedded in the ore body of the adjacent mining field, that is, one end of the bearing layer is embedded in the ore body of the adjacent mining field, thereby improving the stability of the filling body and the bearing layer, and providing favorable conditions for the safe mining of the next layer. Secondly, each layer is divided into a first access 5 and a second access 6 of unequal lengths. The shorter length is mined first and artificial pillars 7 are set in the goaf, and it is ensured that the first access 5 and the second access 6 of the upper and lower adjacent layers are set in an interchangeable manner, further providing favorable conditions for subsequent safe mining.

[0049] S3. Mining and filling the first mining layer 11 of the first mining field 1 in order from top to bottom. Specifically, enter the first mining layer 11 of the first mining field 1 from the mining field connecting road 4, and mine the first mining layer 11 by means of an approach method. After laying a false bottom steel mesh, fill the goaf to form a filling body, which includes a bearing layer and a connecting layer located above the bearing layer, and the false bottom steel mesh is located in the bearing layer. It can be understood that before mining, it is necessary to construct mining and cutting projects such as segmented transport lanes, return air lanes, and mining field ramps 9 in advance to ensure the circulation of fresh air flow during the mining process and the smooth transportation of ore. These mining and cutting projects are conventional settings for the downward approach filling mining method and will not be repeated here.

[0050] In this step, mining is carried out in order from top to bottom. When the next layer is mined, the filling body of the previous layer can provide guarantee for the safe mining of the next layer.

[0051] S4, mining the first access road 5 of the secondary mining layer 12, and setting up artificial pillars 7 in the goaf formed by the first access road 5; then mining the second access road 6 of the secondary mining layer 12, laying a false bottom steel mesh after mining and filling the secondary mining layer 12. Specifically, entering the secondary mining layer 12 of the first mining field 1 from the mining field connecting road 4, first mining the first access road 5 with a smaller length, after mining the first access road 5, setting up artificial pillars 7 in the goaf formed by the first access road 5; then mining the second access road 6 with a larger length.

[0052] In this step, the first access route 5 with a smaller length is mined first. Since the length of the first access route 5 is smaller, when the first access route 5 is mined, only a small part of the filling body of the first mining layer 11 is exposed, and the filling body of the first mining layer 11 (i.e., the artificial false roof of the secondary mining layer 12) is still in a relatively stable state, thereby improving the safety of mining. Then, an artificial column 7 is set in the goaf formed by the first access route 5. The artificial column 7 can provide support for the filling body of the first mining layer 11, so that it forms a stable beam structure, further ensuring safety. Finally, the second access route 6 is mined. Compared with the first mining layer 11, the end of the second access route 6 close to the second mining field 2 shrinks inward, that is, the filling body of the first mining layer 11 close to the end of the second mining field 2 is a pillar (called a support body 8) that is not mined temporarily. During the mining process of the second access route 6, the filling body of the first mining layer 11 is supported by the artificial column 7 and the support body 8, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of mining.

[0053] S5, repeat step S4, and mine and fill the remaining layers of the second stope 2. Specifically, in mining each layer, the first access 5 with a smaller length is mined first, and artificial pillars 7 are set in the goaf formed by the first access 5; then the second access 6 with a larger space volume is mined.

[0054] S6. Repeat steps S2 to S5 to mine and fill the second stope 2, the third stope 3, the fourth stope, ..., the n-1th stope and the nth stope.

[0055] When mining the second stope 2, the fourth stope, the sixth stope, ..., the support bodies 8 in the odd-numbered layers are not the pillars that will not be mined temporarily, but the filling bodies that have been mined and formed; the support bodies 8 in the even-numbered layers are still the pillars that will not be mined temporarily. When mining the third stope 3, the fifth stope, the seventh stope, ..., the support bodies 8 in the even-numbered layers are not the pillars that will not be mined temporarily, but the filling bodies that have been mined and formed; the support bodies 8 in the odd-numbered layers are still the pillars that will not be mined temporarily.

[0056] When mining the even-numbered stope close to the end surrounding rock, i.e., the last even-numbered stope, the odd-numbered layers are embedded in the surrounding rock along the ore body and close to the end surrounding rock, i.e., in addition to mining the ore body, the odd-numbered layers also mine a small amount of surrounding rock at the end of the ore body, and the even-numbered layers do not need to mine the end surrounding rock. At this time, the support body 8 in the even-numbered layers is the end surrounding rock; the support body 8 in the odd-numbered layers is the filling body.

[0057] When mining the odd-numbered stope close to the end surrounding rock, i.e., the last odd-numbered stope, the even-numbered layers are embedded in the surrounding rock along the side of the ore body close to the end surrounding rock, that is, in addition to mining the ore body, the even-numbered layers also mine a small amount of surrounding rock at the end of the ore body, and the odd-numbered layers do not need to mine additional surrounding rock. At this time, the support body 8 in the odd-numbered layers is the end surrounding rock; the support body 8 in the even-numbered layers is the filling body.

[0058] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the ore body is first divided into at least three mining areas from the center to the two wings according to the direction of the ore body, and the first mining area 1 located in the center is mined first in a specific order, and then the two wings are mined in turn; in the mining process of the mining area, the ore body is divided into several staggered layers from top to bottom, and each layer is divided into a first access route 5 with a smaller length and a second access route 6 with a larger length. The first access route 5 is mined first, and only a small part of the filling body of the previous layer is exposed. At this time, the artificial false roof exists stably, thereby improving the safety of mining; then, artificial columns 7 are erected in the goaf of the first access route 5, so that during the mining process of the second access route 6, the filling body of the previous layer, i.e., the artificial false roof, is supported by the artificial columns 7 and the support body 8, i.e., when the next layer is mined, at least one side of the artificial false roof is supported by stable ore rock, filling body or surrounding rock (referring to the support body 8), thereby further improving the safety of mining. It can be seen that this method enables the filling bodies and bearing layers of different layers to form a "toothed" structure, providing favorable conditions for the safe mining of the next layer, so that the ore body can be mined safely and efficiently. In addition, during the mining process, only some layers near the two ends of the mining area need to mine a small amount of surrounding rock at the pinch-out end of the ore body, so the overall waste rock mining volume is small and the ore body is less depleted. Furthermore, non-adjacent mining areas can be safely mined at the same time, greatly improving the mining efficiency of the ore body.

[0059] Furthermore, in some embodiments, Figure 1As shown, in step S4, the height of the artificial column 7 is equal to the layer height, and the artificial column 7 is arranged at intervals or individually. Specifically, when the artificial column 7 is arranged individually, that is, the number is 1, the artificial column 7 is located in the center along the Y-axis direction; when there are multiple artificial columns 7, multiple artificial columns 7 are arranged at intervals. The artificial column 7 is a T-shaped structure, the horizontal part of the T-shaped structure is in contact with the bearing layer of the previous layer, and the vertical part is one of a circle and a square. When the artificial columns 7 are arranged at intervals, the spacing between adjacent artificial columns 7 ensures that normal pedestrians can pass through, so that subsequent personnel can enter the goaf to lay the false bottom steel mesh and set up the filling pipeline. At this time, the length of the contact surface between the horizontal part of the T-shaped structure and the bearing layer of the previous layer is the width of the first access 5 (i.e., along the Y-axis direction), and its width is not less than 500mm. If the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is square, the specification is not greater than 300mm×300mm. If the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is circular, the diameter is not greater than 300mm.

[0060] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the artificial columns of the T-shaped structure increase the supporting area for the bearing layer. By setting the height of the artificial columns 7 to be equal to the layer height, the artificial columns 7 can better contact the bearing layer of the upper layer filling body, better play a supporting role, and improve the safety of mining. The artificial columns 7 are arranged at intervals or individually, and by setting the artificial columns 7 into a diversified structure, suitable artificial columns 7 are selected according to the specific situation, which facilitates the formation of artificial columns 7 and improves the safety of mining. At the same time, by reasonably setting the size and spacing of the artificial columns 7, while the artificial columns 7 play a supporting role, excessive support is avoided to increase labor intensity and cost, and it is convenient for personnel to enter the goaf to lay the false bottom steel mesh and set up the filling pipeline.

[0061] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the artificial column 7 is one or more of a hydraulic column, a wooden column or an expansion prestressed column.

[0062] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the types of artificial columns 7, the installation of artificial columns 7 is simple and easy to operate, and at the same time, they can play a supporting role.

[0063] Furthermore, in some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, in each layer, the distance between the artificial column 7 and the adjacent boundary in the first access 5 of the layer is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the first access 5 (ie, along the X-axis direction).

[0064] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the distance between the artificial pillar 7 and the boundary of the adjacent mining area in the first access 5 of the layer, the distance between the artificial pillar 7 and the boundary of the filling body of the previous layer is reasonably controlled, so that the artificial pillar 7 is in a suitable position, thereby providing better support for the filling body of the previous layer and improving the safety of mining.

[0065] Further, in some embodiments, the width of each layer that is contracted inwards compared to the previous layer or the width embedded in the adjacent stope (ie, the width of the support body 8) is 1 / 10 of the stope length.

[0066] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the width of the support body 8, that is, reasonably setting the distance between the next layer and the previous layer embedded in the adjacent mining area, the support body 8 can play a better supporting role for the filling body of the previous layer; at the same time, with the help of the supporting role of the artificial pillars 7, that is, through the mutual coordination of the support body 8 and the artificial pillars 7, the filling body of the previous layer is safe and stable, thereby improving the safety of mining.

[0067] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by setting the mining field connecting road 4 to a "zigzag" structure, the mining field connecting roads 4 of the upper and lower adjacent layers can be swapped, so that the first access roads 5 or the second access roads 6 of the upper and lower adjacent layers are swapped, and the artificial columns 7 and support bodies 8 in the layered mining process are located at both ends to better support the filling body of the previous layer.

[0068] Further, in some embodiments, in step S6, after the first stope 1 has mined the 5-6th layer, the first mined layers of the second stope 2 and the third stope 3 located on both sides of the first stope 1 are mined simultaneously; after the second stope 3 and the third stope 3 have mined the 5-6th layer, the first mined layers of the fourth stope adjacent to the second stope 2 and the fifth stope adjacent to the third stope 3 are mined simultaneously. Specifically, it is necessary to mine multiple stopes simultaneously under the premise of ensuring safety.

[0069] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, after the first stope 1 has mined 5-6 layers, the adjacent stopes are mined simultaneously, and the remaining stopes are mined in the same manner, which can greatly improve the mining efficiency.

[0070] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the recovery efficiency of the ore body is increased by more than 3 times, and the stability of the bearing layer and the safety of the mining site are greatly improved.

[0071] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the height of the contact layer is 2 / 3 of the height of the filling body, and the strength of the filling body should not be less than 1 MPa; the height of the bearing layer is 1 / 3 of the height of the filling body, and the strength of the filling body is greater than 3-4 MPa.

[0072] Further, in some embodiments, the bearing layer of each layer is connected to the ore body or surrounding rock on both sides of the wall by anchor rods. Specifically, the bearing layer of each layer of the first stope 1, the second stope 2, the third stope 3, the fourth stope, ..., and the n-2 stope is connected to the ore body on both sides of the wall by anchor rods. After the odd-numbered layers of the even-numbered stope close to the end surrounding rock, that is, the last even-numbered stope, are mined and filled, the side of the formed filling body away from the adjacent stope is embedded in the end surrounding rock; after the even-numbered layers of the odd-numbered stope close to the end surrounding rock, that is, the last odd-numbered stope, are mined and filled, the side of the formed filling body away from the adjacent stope is embedded in the end surrounding rock. Specifically, when the last even-numbered stope is mined, the side of the filling body of the odd-numbered layers close to the end surrounding rock is embedded in the end surrounding rock; when the last odd-numbered stope is mined, the side of the filling body of the even-numbered layers close to the end surrounding rock is embedded in the end surrounding rock.

[0073] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by embedding the backfill body of the last even-numbered stope and the last odd-numbered stope on the side away from the adjacent stope in the end surrounding rock, both ends of the backfill body of the last even-numbered stope and the last odd-numbered stope can form a "toothed" structure, further improving the stability of the backfill body. At the same time, only the backfill body of the odd-numbered layer of the last even-numbered stope on the side close to the end surrounding rock is embedded in the surrounding rock, and only the backfill body of the even-numbered layer of the last odd-numbered stope on the side close to the end surrounding rock is embedded in the surrounding rock, thereby minimizing the recovery of waste rock while improving the safety of recovery.

[0074] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A "toothed" downward approach filling mining method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the ore body from the center to the two wings along the strike of the ore body into the first stope, the second stope, the third stope, ..., the n-1th stope, and the nth stope, where n ≥ 3, odd-numbered stopes are located on the same side, and even-numbered stopes are located on the same side; S2, dividing the first stope from top to bottom into a number of staggered layers, constructing a stope connection road for each layer in the lower wall of the ore body of the first stope; the stope connection road for each layer extends perpendicularly to the ore body to form a dividing line on the upper wall to divide the layer into a first approach and a second approach, the length of the first approach being less than the length of the second approach; the first approach and the second approach of adjacent layers are arranged in a swapped position; S3, mining and filling the first mining layer of the first stope in order from top to bottom; S4, mining the first access road of the secondary mining layer, and setting up artificial pillars in the goaf formed by the first access road; then mining the second access road of the secondary mining layer, constructing an artificial false bottom after mining and filling the secondary mining layer; S5, repeating step S4, mining and filling the remaining layers of the first stope; S6. Repeat steps S2 to S5 to mine and fill the remaining stopes.

2. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the height of the artificial columns is equal to the layer height, and the artificial columns are arranged at intervals or individually.

3. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The artificial columns are one or more of hydraulic columns, wooden columns or expansion prestressed columns.

4. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In each layer, the distance between the artificial pillar and the boundary of the first approach close to the adjacent stope is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the first approach.

5. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The width of each layer that shrinks inward compared to the previous layer or is embedded in the adjacent stope is 1 / 10 of the stope length.

6. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: All the stope connecting roads in each stope form a "zigzag" structure.

7. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S6, after the first stope has mined the 5-6 layers, the first mined layers of the second stope and the third stope located on both sides of the first stope are mined simultaneously; After the second mining field and the third mining field have mined the 5-6 layers, the first mined layers of the fourth mining field adjacent to the second mining field and the fifth mining field adjacent to the third mining field are mined simultaneously.

8. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The mining efficiency of the mine has increased by more than 3 times.

9. The "toothed" downward approach filling mining method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The artificial column is in a T-shaped structure, and the horizontal part of the T-shaped structure is in contact with the bearing layer of the upper layer. The length of the contact surface is the width of the first access route, and the contact surface width is not less than 500mm; the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is one of circular and square; when the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is square, the specifications are not greater than 300mm×300mm, and when the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is circular, the diameter is not greater than 300mm.

10. The "toothed" down-feed filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the mining and filling of the n-1 stope and the n stope are completed, the formed filling body is embedded in the end surrounding rock on the side away from the adjacent stope.

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