Tunnel long-distance counter-slope drainage system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel long-distance counter-slope drainage system and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of traffic engineering and tunnel engineering construction. Comprising a drainage ditch, a water-collecting well and an effluent filter tank, the outlet water filter tank is built at a tunnel outlet, the highest water level elevation in the outlet water filter tank is smaller than the lowest surface of the tunnel, the tunnel outlet is connected with the outlet water filter tank through a pipeline, and a water pump is mounted on the pipeline; the drainage ditches are built on the two sides of the tunnel excavation bottom face, a plurality of water collecting wells are arranged below the drainage ditches, a plurality of long straight water pipes are arranged in the drainage ditches, and the adjacent long straight water pipes are connected in a sealed mode. When the long straight water pipe passes through the water-collecting well, the long straight water pipe and the water-collecting well are connected through the T-shaped connector and the short pipe. The device is simple in structure, high in automation degree, accurate in water level reaction, capable of effectively solving the problem of reverse slope drainage of the long and large tunnel, convenient to mount and dismount, easy to replace and capable of being repeatedly used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of traffic engineering and tunnel engineering construction, and in particular to a long-distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the reverse slope section tunnel construction, the natural flow direction of groundwater is opposite to the tunnel design drainage direction, which greatly increases the difficulty of drainage. At the same time, due to the long reverse slope, a large amount of gushing water always gathers on the working surface, seriously affecting the construction progress. When the amount of gushing water is large, it will pose a great threat to engineering production and operation safety. At this time, how to complete the drainage work in the tunnel excavation process efficiently and energy-savingly has become the top priority in the long-distance reverse slope construction of the tunnel.

[0003] For reverse slope drainage construction in tunnel engineering, the traditional drainage scheme usually adopts the method of setting up diversion wells and water collection wells at a certain distance along the tunnel excavation direction. After the clean water and sewage are separated, they are pumped to the outside of the tunnel through the water pump in the water collection well to complete the pumping work. However, the traditional scheme requires the installation of multiple water pumps in the tunnel, and they move with the movement of the excavation surface. The water pump connection and movement are cumbersome and difficult to maintain. At the same time, the water pump needs to be set to normally open or the water level of each water collection well needs to be manually observed and then turned on and off, which consumes energy and is prone to dry pumping and burning the pump. When the water pump is not turned on and off in time, the water in the water collection well overflows to the excavation surface, affecting the construction.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a long-distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel and a construction method thereof has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above situation, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a device that can, without restraining insects, has a simple structure, a high degree of automation, and accurate water level response, and can effectively solve the problem of reverse slope drainage in long tunnels. At the same time, the device is easy to install and disassemble, easy to replace, and can be reused.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a long-distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel, comprising: a drainage ditch, a water collection well and a water outlet filter pool; the water outlet filter pool is built at the tunnel exit, the highest water level in the water outlet filter pool is lower than the lowest surface of the tunnel, the tunnel exit is connected to the water outlet filter pool by a pipeline, and a water pump is installed on the pipeline; the drainage ditch is built on both sides of the bottom surface of the tunnel excavation, a plurality of water collection wells are arranged under the drainage ditch, a plurality of long straight water pipes are arranged in the drainage ditch, and adjacent long straight water pipes are sealed and connected; when the long straight water pipe passes through the water collection well, a T-joint and a short pipe are used to connect the long straight water pipe and the water collection well.

[0007] Furthermore, a clean and dirty water diversion system is arranged in the water collection well; the clean and dirty water diversion system is mainly composed of a cover plate arranged on the top surface of the water collection well and a filter screen in the water collection well.

[0008] Furthermore, a water level monitoring device is provided on the water collection well, and the water level monitoring device is used to display the water level height in the water collection well.

[0009] Furthermore, a check valve is provided at the T-joint.

[0010] A construction method for a long-distance reverse slope drainage system in a tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step S1, on-site survey of site conditions, visit the topography at the tunnel exit on-site according to the design drawings, determine the lowest surface of the tunnel within the tunnel excavation range, select a suitable location at the tunnel exit to build a water filtration pool, and ensure that the highest water level in the filtration pool is lower than the lowest surface of the tunnel;

[0012] Step S2, along with the initial support construction of tunnel excavation, drainage ditches are constructed on both sides of the bottom surface of the tunnel excavation. The drainage ditches are made of stone or concrete as the bottom, and both sides should be as flat as possible to collect construction water and surrounding rock water to the collection well; long straight water pipes are laid in the drainage ditch, and adjacent long straight water pipes are sealed and connected; when passing through the collection well, T-joints and short pipes are used to connect the long straight water pipes and the collection well, and the connection between the drainage ditch and the collection well is extended during the subsequent excavation process.

[0013] Step S3, installing a water level float on the water collection well, the water level float is used to display the water level in the water collection well, so that the water level of the water collection well can be clearly seen from the outside;

[0014] Step S4, after the water level in the water collection well reaches a certain height, the water level float will give an alarm, indicating that the water level is too high and drainage is required, and the drainage pump arranged outside the tunnel will be started to pump water. When the amount of water required to be discharged in the tunnel is small, after the pipe at the filter tank begins to discharge water, the drainage pump will be turned off, and the water will be drained by using the siphon principle that the water head height at the filter tank is much lower than the water head in the tunnel. When the water in the water collection well is pumped out, no other operations are required and the pumping will be automatically terminated; when the amount of water gushing in the tunnel is large, water pumps will be added on both sides of the tunnel to drain the water gushing in the tunnel by graded drainage;

[0015] Step S5, during subsequent excavation, if there is no more water in the front water collection well, the T-joint and short pipe in the water collection well are removed to ensure that the water pipe in the water collection well at the current excavation face can always pump out the gushing water;

[0016] Step S6, by setting a check valve at the T-joint, it is ensured that there is no repeated pumping and drainage during the pumping and drainage process, thereby greatly improving the pumping efficiency;

[0017] Step S7, when the water in the tunnel is too large, drainage is completed through multiple siphon automatic drainage and drainage pump pipelines.

[0018] Furthermore, the water collection well is provided with a clean and dirty water diversion system to avoid blockage of the pumping pipe; the clean and dirty water diversion system is mainly composed of a cover plate arranged on the top surface of the water collection well and a filter screen inside the water collection well. It reduces the deposition of sand and gravel in the water collection well by filtering the water gushing from the tunnel to avoid blockage of the pipe or damage to the pump. The residue on the filter screen should be cleaned in time.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1) The pumping process is green and environmentally friendly, saves energy, and significantly reduces construction costs.

[0021] 2) Complete drainage work fully automatically and intelligently without human intervention.

[0022] 3) It can adapt to tunnel drainage work under different procedures, and can intelligently determine the timing of starting the water pump based on the water volume in the collection well.

[0023] 4) The relevant equipment is simple to construct, easy to construct on site, and convenient for maintenance.

[0024] 5) All relevant instruments, equipment and tools can be reused, which greatly reduces the cost of drainage work and has good economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall effect structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the filter tank of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of water level monitoring of a water collection well according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the water level float of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water pipe in the tunnel excavation stage of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, in the figure:

[0031] 1-drainage pump; 2-tunnel; 3-drainage ditch; 4-collection well; 5-filtration tank; 6-long straight water pipe; 7-short pipe; 8-T-joint; 10-water level float; 11-water head sensing device; 12-lowest surface of the tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0034] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0035] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0036] In addition, the terms "installed", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected", and "socketed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] To achieve the above purpose, Figure 1-5As shown, the present invention provides a long-distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel, comprising: a drainage ditch 3, a water collection well 4 and a water outlet filter pool 5; the water outlet filter pool 5 is built at the exit of the tunnel 2, the highest water level in the water outlet filter pool 5 is lower than the lowest surface 12 of the tunnel, the exit of the tunnel 2 is connected to the water outlet filter pool 5 through a pipeline, and a water pump is installed on the pipeline; the drainage ditch 3 is built on both sides of the bottom surface of the tunnel excavation, a plurality of water collection wells 4 are arranged below the drainage ditch 3, a plurality of long straight water pipes 6 are arranged in the drainage ditch 3, and the adjacent long straight water pipes 6 are sealed and connected; when the long straight water pipe 6 passes through the water collection well 4, a T-joint 8 and a short pipe 7 are used to connect the long straight water pipe 6 and the water collection well 4. When the water in the drainage ditch 3 is collected in the water collection well 4, the drainage pump 1 at the exit is started, and the drainage pump 1 pumps water to the water outlet filter pool 5 outside the tunnel. The drainage outlet is provided with a water head sensing device 11, when the drainage is pumped out, the drainage pump 1 at the tunnel exit is closed, and the water in the pipeline completes the remaining drainage work under the siphon effect. When the water volume is large, the water pumps on both sides are started to pump water simultaneously so as to quickly complete the drainage work in the tunnel. The water collection wells 4 on both sides of the tunnel are not limited to using concrete structures, and prefabricated box wells of corresponding sizes are also applicable.

[0038] To further optimize the technical solution, a clean and dirty water diversion system is provided in the water collection well 4; the clean and dirty water diversion system is mainly composed of a cover plate provided on the top surface of the water collection well 4 and a filter screen in the water collection well 4.

[0039] To further optimize the technical solution, a water level monitoring device is provided on the water collection well 4, and the water level monitoring device is used to display the water level height in the water collection well 4. The water level monitoring device of the water collection well 4 can adopt a simple water level float 10 or other water level monitoring devices.

[0040] To further optimize the technical solution, a check valve is provided at the T-joint 8 .

[0041] The present invention also provides a construction method for a long-distance reverse slope drainage system in a tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step S1, on-site survey of site conditions, visit the topography at the tunnel exit on-site according to the design drawings, determine the lowest surface of the tunnel within the tunnel excavation range, select a suitable location at the tunnel exit to build a water filter pool, and ensure that the highest water level in the filter pool is lower than the lowest surface of the tunnel; fill the filter pool with gravel and active adsorbents that are easily available on the project site to ensure that the drainage in the tunnel meets relevant specifications and standards.

[0043] Step S2, with the initial support construction of tunnel excavation, drainage ditches are constructed on both sides of the bottom surface of the tunnel excavation. The drainage ditches are made of stone or concrete as the bottom of the ditch, and the two sides should be as flat as possible to collect construction water and surrounding rock water to the water collection well. The water collection well is set every 100 meters; long straight water pipes are laid in the drainage ditch, and adjacent long straight water pipes are firmly sealed and connected by flanges or other forms; the water pipes are made of seamless steel pipes to ensure their durability and reliability during use. When passing through the water collection well, T-joints and short pipes are used to connect the long straight water pipes and the water collection well, and the connection between the drainage ditch and the water collection well is extended during the subsequent excavation process.

[0044] Step S3, install a water level float on the water collection well, the water level float is used to display the water level in the water collection well, so that the water level in the water collection well can be clearly seen from the outside; a displacement display device is provided inside the water level float, which can display the water level value according to the water level in the water collection well and the up and down movement of the water level float after setting the initial value. It can also be other digital displays or devices that can intuitively give the water level or issue warnings. At the same time, the water level in each water collection well can be viewed in real time by the project management department, and separate pumping work can be carried out for one or several water collection wells. At the same time, the reverse slope drainage system can set parameters such as water volume, water pipe size, flow rate, power, etc. according to the actual construction content on site, and the water pump can be intelligently adjusted to complete the most economical pumping work.

[0045] Step S4, after the water level in the water collection well reaches a certain height, the water level float will give an alarm, indicating that the water level is too high and needs to be drained, and the drainage pump arranged outside the tunnel will be started to pump water. When the amount of water required to be discharged in the tunnel is small, after the pipe at the filter tank begins to discharge water, the drainage pump will be turned off, and the water head height at the filter tank is much lower than the water head in the tunnel. The siphon principle is used to drain the water. When the water in the water collection well is pumped out, no other operations are required and the pumping ends automatically. When the amount of water gushing in the tunnel is large, water pumps are added on both sides of the tunnel to drain the water gushing in the tunnel by graded drainage. The siphon principle is used for reverse slope drainage of the tunnel, which can greatly save energy and achieve green and environmentally friendly construction.

[0046] Step S5, during subsequent excavation, there is no more water accumulation in the front water collection well. At this time, remove the T-joint and short pipe in the water collection well to ensure that the water pipe in the water collection well at the current excavation face can always pump out the gushing water; at the same time, the water in the previous water collection well can also be used in the actual construction concrete maintenance process, and the T-joint can be added when pumping is needed.

[0047] Step S6, through the check valve set at the T-joint, it is ensured that there will be no repeated pumping and drainage during the pumping and drainage process, which greatly improves the pumping efficiency; at the same time, it can also prevent the pumped water from forming a water hammer effect under the action of backflow and damaging the pipe wall. During subsequent excavation, by building a new drainage ditch and arranging drainage pipes, it is only necessary to simply add a T-joint and a short straight pipe to complete the drainage of the water gushing from the new excavation face. If the line is too long, large and small water collection wells can be set up to collect the water gushing from the small water collection well to the large water collection well and then pump it out uniformly.

[0048] Step S7, when the water in the tunnel is too large, the water is drained through multiple siphon automatic drainage and drainage pump pipelines, which can reduce the construction cost and ensure the rapid completion of the drainage work.

[0049] The pumping work can be completed by the drainage pump at the tunnel exit, without laying lines inside the tunnel, which greatly reduces the construction risk and ensures construction safety. The reverse slope drainage system integrates water level display, water volume, flow and other displays, and can intelligently adjust the drainage work, which is in line with the application of new technologies on the construction site and is conducive to improving the quality of on-site construction. As the tunnel is excavated, only water pipes need to be added and drainage ditches need to be built, without moving water pumps and lines, which greatly reduces the workload.

[0050] To further optimize the technical solution, a clean and dirty water diversion system is set up in the water collection well to avoid blockage of the pumping pipe. The clean and dirty water diversion system is mainly composed of a cover plate set on the top surface of the water collection well and a filter screen inside the water collection well. It reduces the deposition of sand and gravel in the water collection well by filtering the water gushing from the tunnel to avoid blockage of the pipe or damage to the pump. The residue on the filter screen should be cleaned in time.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any slight modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel, characterized in that: include: Drainage ditch, water collection well and water outlet filter pool; the water outlet filter pool is built at the tunnel exit, the highest water level in the water outlet filter pool is lower than the lowest surface of the tunnel, the tunnel exit is connected to the water outlet filter pool by a pipeline, and a water pump is installed on the pipeline; the drainage ditch is built on both sides of the tunnel excavation bottom surface, a plurality of water collection wells are arranged under the drainage ditch, a plurality of long straight water pipes are arranged in the drainage ditch, and adjacent long straight water pipes are sealed and connected; when the long straight water pipe passes through the water collection well, a T-joint and a short pipe are used to connect the long straight water pipe and the water collection well.

2. A long distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A clean and dirty water diversion system is arranged in the water collection well; the clean and dirty water diversion system is mainly composed of a cover plate arranged on the top surface of the water collection well and a filter screen in the water collection well.

3. A long distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A water level monitoring device is arranged on the water collection well, and the water level monitoring device is used to display the water level height in the water collection well.

4. A long distance reverse slope drainage system for a tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A check valve is arranged at the T-joint.

5. A construction method for a long-distance reverse slope drainage system in a tunnel, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, on-site survey of site conditions, visit the topography at the tunnel exit on-site according to the design drawings, determine the lowest surface of the tunnel within the tunnel excavation range, select a suitable location at the tunnel exit to build a water filtration pool, and ensure that the highest water level in the filtration pool is lower than the lowest surface of the tunnel; Step S2, with the initial support construction of tunnel excavation, drainage ditches are constructed on both sides of the tunnel excavation bottom surface. The drainage ditches are made of stone or concrete as the bottom, and both sides should be as flat as possible to collect construction water and surrounding rock water to the water collection well; long straight water pipes are laid in the drainage ditch, and adjacent long straight water pipes are sealed and connected; when passing through the water collection well, T-joints and short pipes are used to connect the long straight water pipes and the water collection well, and the connection between the drainage ditch and the water collection well is extended during the subsequent excavation process; Step S3, installing a water level float on the water collection well, the water level float is used to display the water level in the water collection well, so that the water level of the water collection well can be clearly seen from the outside; Step S4, after the water level in the water collection well reaches a certain height, the water level float will give an alarm, indicating that the water level is too high and drainage is required, and the drainage pump arranged outside the tunnel will be started to pump water. When the amount of water required to be discharged in the tunnel is small, after the pipe at the filter tank begins to discharge water, the drainage pump will be turned off, and the water will be drained by using the siphon principle that the water head height at the filter tank is much lower than the water head in the tunnel. When the water in the water collection well is pumped out, no other operations are required and the pumping will be automatically terminated; when the amount of water gushing in the tunnel is large, water pumps will be added on both sides of the tunnel to drain the water gushing in the tunnel by graded drainage; Step S5, during subsequent excavation, if there is no more water in the front water collection well, the T-joint and short pipe in the water collection well are removed to ensure that the water pipe in the water collection well at the current excavation face can always pump out the gushing water; Step S6, by setting a check valve at the T-joint, it is ensured that there is no repeated pumping and drainage during the pumping and drainage process, thereby greatly improving the pumping efficiency; Step S7, when the water in the tunnel is too large, drainage is completed through multiple siphon automatic drainage and drainage pump pipelines.

6. The construction method of a long-distance reverse slope drainage system in a tunnel as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The water collection well is equipped with a clean and dirty water diversion system to avoid blockage of the pumping pipe. The clean and dirty water diversion system is mainly composed of a cover plate installed on the top of the water collection well and a filter screen inside the water collection well. It reduces the deposition of sand and gravel in the water collection well by filtering the water gushing from the tunnel to avoid blockage of the pipe or damage to the pump. The residue on the filter screen should be cleaned in time.

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