Underwater side slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an underwater side slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method which comprises the following steps: S1, preparation before blasting: determining relevant parameters according to relevant landforms and stratum lithology in combination with the actual situation of field engineering; s2, a working face is cleaned, specifically, a covering layer is cleaned, and it is ensured that the surface of a blasting object is smooth and free of loose accumulation and sediment; s3, a row of smooth blasting holes with the hole distance matched with the minimum resistance line are drilled in the excavation contour line; s4, positioning and drilling of the drilling ship; step S5, performing underwater drilling; s6, determining a charging structure; step S7, charging; step S8, designing a detonating network; step S9, determining a blasting scale; and S10, ship moving and detonation are carried out. According to the method, accurate blasting control over the underwater slope is achieved by accurately controlling blasting parameters and the construction method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a construction method of underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the fields of water conservancy and hydropower, ports and waterways, marine engineering, etc., blasting operations are often required on underwater slopes, riverbeds, rock walls, etc. Traditional blasting methods often cause great damage to the surrounding environment, such as over-excavation, under-excavation, slope instability and other problems, which not only increases the difficulty and cost of subsequent treatment, but also may have a negative impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, in engineering practice, there is an urgent need for an underwater blasting method that can accurately control the blasting effect, protect the surrounding environment, and improve construction efficiency and quality.

[0003] Therefore, a construction method of underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology is provided. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a construction method for underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology, which realizes accurate blasting control of underwater slopes by accurately controlling blasting parameters and construction methods.

[0005] The technical solution to achieve the above purpose is:

[0006] A construction method of underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology, comprising:

[0007] Step S1, pre-blasting preparation: establish relevant parameters according to relevant topography, stratum lithology, and actual site engineering conditions;

[0008] Step S2, cleaning the working surface: removing the covering layer to ensure that the surface of the blasting material is flat and free of loose accumulation and sediment;

[0009] Step S3, drilling a row of light blasting holes on the excavation contour line with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line;

[0010] Step S4, the drilling rig positions the drilling hole;

[0011] Step S5, underwater drilling;

[0012] Step S6, determining the charge structure;

[0013] Step S7, charging;

[0014] Step S8, initiating network design;

[0015] Step S9, determining the blasting scale;

[0016] Step S10, moving the ship and detonating.

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, the pre-blasting preparation includes:

[0018] Conduct detailed geological surveys of underwater slopes, including rock type, hardness, and joint development;

[0019] Design blasting parameters based on survey results, including blasthole arrangement, charge amount, and detonation sequence;

[0020] Formulate detailed blasting construction plan and safety measures;

[0021] Prepare necessary construction equipment including underwater drilling rigs, explosives, detonating equipment, and surveying instruments;

[0022] Among them, the hole diameter of underwater drilling and blasting mainly depends on the drilling rig model, while considering the weight of the guide tube and drilling tools; and the drilling rig ship and the supporting ship machinery are selected based on similar engineering experience and existing equipment; based on engineering experience, the empirical calculation formula for the hole and row spacing arrangement of underwater deep hole blasting is:

[0023] Hard intact rock: a = (1.0-1.25) W, b = (0.8-1.2) W;

[0024] Developed fissures or medium-hard rock formations: a = (1.25-1.5) W, b = (1.2-1.5) W;

[0025] The relevant parameters specifically include: minimum resistance line W, blasthole spacing a, blasthole row spacing b and over-drilling depth h;

[0026] In underwater blasting, the blasting medium is under the pressure of water, and the blasting medium must also overcome the resistance of the water body. Therefore, the unit consumption of explosives in underwater blasting is greater than that in land blasting. The charge per hole in underwater drilling blasting can be calculated according to the volume formula. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0027] Q = q × a × b × H;

[0028] Among them, Q is the calculated charge of the blasthole, q is the unit charge consumption, and H is the drilling depth, H includes the extra-deep drilling h.

[0029] Preferably, in step S4, the hole spacing and the free surface distance of the boreholes are arranged according to the hole diameter, rock strength, and the degree of development of joints and fissures; point measurement is performed using RTK-GPS technology to obtain the position of the drilling rig in real time;

[0030] When the amount of explosives in a single stage is reduced during on-site construction, the number of holes should be adjusted appropriately, but not exceeding the maximum amount of explosives for one detonation;

[0031] Drilling ship positioning: After the drilling ship arrives at the construction area, the gun position is determined according to the location of the free surface and the required size of the destroyed body, and the first row of crushing holes is arranged. Then, the subsequent rows are arranged according to the row spacing, and the holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape.

[0032] When the drilling rig is positioned without an underwater free surface, a row of light blasting holes with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line is drilled on the excavation contour line.

[0033] Preferably, in step S5, when drilling, first lower the casing to press the rock surface, then lower the drill rod, open the air supply valve to supply air, and repeatedly impact the drill bit up and down, while pushing the casing forward to press the rock surface. After the casing protects the hole mouth, normal drilling can be started. After drilling to the designed hole depth, press the casing, blow away the slag in the hole, check the hole, and install the hydraulic column.

[0034] Among them, the base elevation determines the drilling depth.

[0035] Preferably, in step S6, uncoupled charging and spaced charging, continuous charging of small diameter medicine rolls and air-spaced segmented charging are adopted.

[0036] Preferably, in step S7, in order to prevent gravel from blocking the hole and silt from silting back, the charge should be loaded immediately after the drilling is completed;

[0037] Before charging, check the quality of the hole wall and the hole depth with a charging rod;

[0038] The number of explosive bodies to be used is determined on site based on the blasting thickness;

[0039] When the length of the explosive column is less than 3m, install a detonator at about 1 / 3 of the lower length of the explosive;

[0040] When the length of the charge is equal to or greater than 3m, two detonators are installed, one at the 1 / 4 and the other at the 3 / 4 position of the bottom of the charge;

[0041] After confirming that the explosives have reached the bottom of the hole, use clay or river sand to block the blasthole and ensure that the blocking length is not less than the designed length.

[0042] Preferably, in step S8, the detonation network design includes:

[0043] Adopt digital electronic detonator detonation network, single hole single sound detonation hole by hole, delay time between holes is 100-150 milliseconds, each row of 6 blast holes, 1-5 rows are detonated at a time, delay time is set to detonate the first row first, then the second row, and then row by row;

[0044] A special detonator is used to set the delay time of the detonator. After the charging work is completed, a special bus is used to connect each detonator in parallel to form the entire detonation network;

[0045] After the detonation network connection is completed and all personnel have evacuated, a special detonator is used to test the network.

[0046] Preferably, in step S9, single-hole single-shot detonation is adopted, and the maximum single-stage charge is the charge of a single blasthole, and the maximum single-stage charge is:

[0047] The amount of explosive for one detonation = the amount of explosive for a single hole × the number of holes in a single row × the number of rows.

[0048] Preferably, in step S10, the size of the rock after blasting is determined by the degree of uncoupling, hole spacing, row spacing, charge size, crushing hole arrangement and hole bottom cushion.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in underwater blasting construction, the present invention drills a row of light blasting holes with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line on the designed excavation contour line, and adopts a special charging structure. After the main excavation body is blasted, the charges in the light blasting holes are detonated simultaneously, thereby forming an excavation surface that penetrates the light blasting holes and is smooth and flat. This flat excavation surface is beneficial to subsequent engineering construction and support operations, and reduces additional processing workload. By accurately controlling blasting parameters and adopting reasonable construction methods, underwater smooth surface blasting can minimize damage to surrounding rocks, thereby reducing safety risks during construction; it has the advantages of short construction period, low cost, high efficiency, small workload, good forming effect, high safety, etc.; the method can also minimize the disturbance and damage to slope rocks caused by blasting, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a construction method of underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the charge structure in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the detonation network in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of blast holes after charging in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0055] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a construction method of underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology includes:

[0057] Step S1, pre-blasting preparation: establish relevant parameters according to relevant topography, stratum lithology, and actual site engineering conditions.

[0058] In the embodiment, the pre-blasting preparation includes:

[0059] Conduct detailed geological surveys of underwater slopes, including rock type, hardness, and joint development;

[0060] Design blasting parameters based on survey results, including blasthole arrangement, charge amount, and detonation sequence;

[0061] Formulate detailed blasting construction plan and safety measures;

[0062] Prepare necessary construction equipment including underwater drilling rigs, explosives, detonating equipment, and surveying instruments;

[0063] Among them, the hole diameter of underwater drilling and blasting mainly depends on the drilling rig model, while considering the weight of the guide tube and drilling tools; and the drilling rig ship and the supporting ship machinery are selected based on similar engineering experience and existing equipment; based on engineering experience, the empirical calculation formula for the hole and row spacing arrangement of underwater deep hole blasting is:

[0064] Hard intact rock: a = (1.0-1.25) W, b = (0.8-1.2) W;

[0065] Developed fissures or medium-hard rock formations: a = (1.25-1.5) W, b = (1.2-1.5) W;

[0066] The relevant parameters specifically include: minimum resistance line W, blasthole spacing a, blasthole row spacing b and over-drilling depth h;

[0067] Minimum resistance line: Based on experience, W = 2.0-2.5m;

[0068] The blasthole spacing a=(1.25-1.5)W, and a=2.5m is taken according to the spacing of drilling rig equipment;

[0069] Blast hole row spacing b = (1.2-1.5) W, b = 2.4-3.8 m;

[0070] The extra-depth h of drilling holes should generally be slightly greater than that of land blasting. The extra-depth value of underwater drilling holes in China is generally 1.0-1.5m. At the same time, based on the experience of previous similar projects, h=1.5m is taken;

[0071] In underwater blasting, the blasting medium is under the pressure of water, and the blasting medium must also overcome the resistance of the water body. Therefore, the unit consumption of explosives in underwater blasting is greater than that in land blasting. The charge per hole in underwater drilling blasting can be calculated according to the volume formula. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0072] Q = q × a × b × H;

[0073] Among them, Q is the calculated charge of the blasthole, q is the unit charge consumption, and H is the drilling depth, H includes the extra-deep drilling h.

[0074] Step S2, cleaning the working surface: removing the covering layer to ensure that the surface of the blasting material is flat and free of loose accumulation and sediment.

[0075] Step S3, drilling a row of light blasting holes on the excavation contour line with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line.

[0076] Step S4, the drilling rig positions the drilling hole.

[0077] In the embodiment, the hole spacing and the distance between the boreholes and the free surface are arranged according to the hole diameter, rock strength, and the degree of development of joints and fissures; the RTK-GPS technology is used to perform point measurement to obtain the position of the drilling rig in real time;

[0078] When the amount of explosives in a single stage is reduced during on-site construction, the number of holes should be adjusted appropriately, but not exceeding the maximum amount of explosives for one detonation;

[0079] Drilling ship positioning: After the drilling ship arrives at the construction area, the gun position is determined according to the location of the free surface and the required size of the destroyed body, and the first row of crushing holes is arranged. Then, the subsequent rows are arranged according to the row spacing, and the holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape.

[0080] When the drilling rig is positioned without an underwater free surface, a row of light blasting holes with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line is drilled on the excavation contour line.

[0081] Step S5: underwater drilling.

[0082] In the embodiment, when drilling, first lower the casing to press the rock surface, then lower the drill rod, open the air supply valve to supply air, and repeatedly impact the drill bit up and down while pushing the casing forward to press the rock surface. After ensuring that the casing protects the hole mouth, normal drilling can begin. After drilling to the designed hole depth, press the casing, blow away the slag in the hole, check the hole, and install the hydraulic column to ensure that the casing always protects the hole mouth, thereby improving the drilling and hole forming quality.

[0083] Among them, the base elevation determines the drilling depth.

[0084] Step S6, determining the charge structure.

[0085] In the embodiment, uncoupled charge and spaced charge, small diameter continuous charge and air spaced segmented charge are adopted. In order to obtain better blasting effect, uncoupled charge or spaced charge structure is often adopted to have a certain gap between the explosive and the blast hole wall, so that the impact pressure on the blast hole wall during the explosion of the explosive can be reduced, which is beneficial to protect the hole wall. Spaced charge is to load the explosive into the blast hole in sections, separated by gun mud or other materials in the middle, so as to control the power and range of the blasting.

[0086] Step S7, charging.

[0087] In the embodiment, in order to prevent gravel from blocking the hole and silt from silting back, the charge should be loaded immediately after the drilling is completed;

[0088] Before charging, check the quality of the hole wall and the hole depth with a charging rod;

[0089] The number of explosive bodies to be used is determined on site based on the blasting thickness;

[0090] When the length of the explosive column is less than 3m, install a detonator at about 1 / 3 of the lower length of the explosive;

[0091] When the length of the charge is equal to or greater than 3m, two detonators are installed, one at the 1 / 4 and the other at the 3 / 4 position of the bottom of the charge;

[0092] After confirming that the explosives have reached the bottom of the hole, clay or river sand is used to block the blasthole, and the blocking length is ensured to be no less than the designed length. Figure 2 For example, after charging, the arrangement of the step blasting holes is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, W1 is chassis resistance line, a is hole spacing, b is row spacing, h is extra depth, L1 is charging length, L2 is blocking length, H is step height, and L is drilling depth.

[0093] Step S8, initiating network design.

[0094] In the embodiment, the detonation network design includes:

[0095] Adopt digital electronic detonator to detonate the network, such as Figure 3 As shown, single hole single shot detonation is performed hole by hole, the delay time between holes is 100-150 milliseconds, there are 6 holes in each row, 1-5 rows are detonated at a time, and the delay time is set to detonate the first row first, then the second row, and then row by row backwards;

[0096] A special detonator is used to set the delay time of the detonator. After the charging work is completed, a special bus is used to connect each detonator in parallel to form the entire detonation network;

[0097] After the detonation network connection is completed and all personnel have evacuated, a dedicated detonator is used to test the network to ensure that each detonator is online.

[0098] Step S9, determine the blasting scale.

[0099] In the embodiment, single-hole single-shot detonation is adopted, and the maximum single-stage charge is the charge of a single blast hole. The maximum single-stage charge is:

[0100] The amount of explosive for one detonation = the amount of explosive for a single hole × the number of holes in a single row × the number of rows.

[0101] Step S10, moving the ship and detonating.

[0102] In the embodiment, the size of the rock after explosion is determined by the degree of uncoupling, hole spacing, row spacing, charge size, crushing hole arrangement and hole bottom cushion.

[0103] Post-blasting treatment: cleaning up the gravel, mud and sand produced by blasting;

[0104] Carry out necessary finishing and reinforcement of the blasting surface;

[0105] Security Check:

[0106] Conduct safety inspections on the construction area to ensure there are no potential safety hazards;

[0107] Check whether the equipment is in good condition and prepare for the next construction;

[0108] Environmental Protection:

[0109] During the construction process, the emission of pollutants such as noise, vibration and wastewater must be strictly controlled;

[0110] Take necessary environmental protection measures to reduce damage to the surrounding environment;

[0111] Construction monitoring:

[0112] Real-time monitoring and recording of various parameters during the construction process;

[0113] If any abnormal situation is found, timely measures must be taken to handle and adjust it.

[0114] In summary, the specific implementation method of underwater slope smooth blasting involves multiple steps and technical details, and it is necessary to strictly follow the construction specifications and safety requirements to ensure the smooth progress of the construction process and the quality of the blasting effect. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to environmental protection and construction monitoring to reduce damage and pollution to the surrounding environment.

[0115] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology, characterized in that: include: Step S1, pre-blasting preparation: establish relevant parameters according to relevant topography, stratum lithology, and actual site engineering conditions; Step S2, cleaning the working surface: removing the covering layer to ensure that the surface of the blasting material is flat and free of loose accumulation and sediment; Step S3, drilling a row of light blasting holes on the excavation contour line with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line; Step S4, the drilling rig positions the drilling hole; Step S5, underwater drilling; Step S6, determining the charge structure; Step S7, charging; Step S8, initiating network design; Step S9, determining the blasting scale; Step S10, moving the ship and detonating.

2. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the pre-blasting preparation includes: Conduct detailed geological surveys of underwater slopes, including rock type, hardness, and joint development; Design blasting parameters based on survey results, including blasthole arrangement, charge amount, and detonation sequence; Formulate detailed blasting construction plan and safety measures; Prepare necessary construction equipment including underwater drilling rigs, explosives, detonating equipment, and surveying instruments; Among them, the hole diameter of underwater drilling and blasting mainly depends on the drilling rig model, while considering the weight of the guide tube and drilling tools; and the drilling rig ship and the supporting ship machinery are selected based on similar engineering experience and existing equipment; based on engineering experience, the empirical calculation formula for the hole and row spacing arrangement of underwater deep hole blasting is: Hard intact rock: a = (1.0-1.25) W, b = (0.8-1.2) W; Developed fissures or medium-hard rock formations: a = (1.25-1.5) W, b = (1.2-1.5) W; The relevant parameters specifically include: minimum resistance line W, blasthole spacing a, blasthole row spacing b and drilling overdepth h; In underwater blasting, the blasting medium is under the pressure of water, and the blasting medium must also overcome the resistance of the water body. Therefore, the unit consumption of explosives in underwater blasting is greater than that in land blasting. The charge per hole in underwater drilling blasting can be calculated according to the volume formula. The calculation formula is as follows: Q = q × a × b × H; Among them, Q is the calculated charge of the blasthole, q is the unit charge consumption, and H is the drilling depth, H includes the extra-deep drilling h.

3. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the hole spacing and the free surface distance of the boreholes are arranged according to the hole diameter, rock strength, and the degree of development of joints and fissures; point measurement is performed using RTK-GPS technology to obtain the position of the drilling rig in real time; When the amount of explosives in a single stage is reduced during on-site construction, the number of holes should be adjusted appropriately, but not exceeding the maximum amount of explosives for one detonation; Drilling ship positioning: After the drilling ship arrives at the construction area, the gun position is determined according to the location of the free surface and the required size of the destroyed body, and the first row of crushing holes is arranged. Then, the subsequent rows are arranged according to the row spacing, and the holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape. When the drilling rig is positioned without an underwater free surface, a row of light blasting holes with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line is drilled on the excavation contour line.

4. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S5, when drilling, first lower the casing to press the rock surface, then lower the drill rod, open the air supply valve to supply air, and repeatedly impact the drill bit up and down, while pushing the casing forward to press the rock surface. After the casing protects the hole mouth, normal drilling can begin. After drilling to the designed hole depth, press the casing, blow away the slag in the hole, check the hole, and install the hydraulic column. Among them, the base elevation determines the drilling depth.

5. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the step S6, uncoupled charging and spaced charging, small diameter medicine roll continuous charging and air-spaced segmented charging are adopted.

6. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step S7, to prevent gravel from blocking the hole and silt from silting back, the charge should be loaded immediately after the drilling is completed; Before charging, check the quality of the hole wall and the hole depth with a charging rod; The number of explosive bodies to be used is determined on site based on the blasting thickness; When the length of the explosive column is less than 3m, install a detonator at about 1 / 3 of the lower length of the explosive; When the length of the charge is equal to or greater than 3m, two detonators are installed, one at the 1 / 4 and the other at the 3 / 4 position of the bottom of the charge; After confirming that the explosives have reached the bottom of the hole, use clay or river sand to block the blasthole and ensure that the blocking length is not less than the designed length.

7. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step S8, the detonation network design includes: Adopt digital electronic detonator detonation network, single hole single sound detonation hole by hole, delay time between holes is 100-150 milliseconds, each row of 6 blast holes, 1-5 rows are detonated at a time, delay time is set to detonate the first row first, then the second row, and then row by row; A special detonator is used to set the delay time of the detonator. After the charging work is completed, a special bus is used to connect each detonator in parallel to form the entire detonation network; After the detonation network connection is completed and all personnel have evacuated, a special detonator is used to test the network.

8. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step S9, single-hole single-shot detonation is adopted, and the maximum single-stage charge is the charge of a single blast hole. The maximum single-stage charge is: The amount of explosive for one detonation = the amount of explosive for a single hole × the number of holes in a single row × the number of rows.

9. The underwater slope smooth blasting safety control technology construction method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: In step S10, the size of the rock after blasting is determined by the degree of uncoupling, hole spacing, row spacing, charge size, crushing hole arrangement and hole bottom cushion.

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