Air shock wave waveform measuring device and method based on combined spring probe

Abstract

The invention discloses an air shock wave waveform measuring device and method based on a combined spring probe, and aims to overcome the defects that an existing measuring method is tedious in post-processing, a measuring device is complex and the like. The device is composed of a spring probe, a rubber ring, an explosion-bearing sliding block, a supporting base, a sliding rail cover, a shell and a fixing base. The spring probe, the rubber ring, the explosion-bearing sliding block, the supporting seat and the sliding rail cover are located in the shell and the fixing seat, and the supporting seat, the sliding rail cover, the shell and the fixing seat are coaxially installed. The rubber ring is nested on the spring probe from the left end of the spring probe, the explosion-bearing sliding block is fixed at the left end of the spring probe, and the spring probe, the rubber ring and the explosion-bearing sliding block are coaxially mounted. According to the invention, the shock wave impulse is quantitatively converted into the compression displacement degree of the combined spring probe by using the explosion-bearing slide block, and the mark is reserved and recorded through the rubber ring, so that the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave waveform of the explosion field is realized. The device is convenient to arrange, reusable, high in sensitivity, simple in measurement method and high in accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of air shock wave waveform measurement, and specifically relates to a device and method for measuring the air shock wave waveform by utilizing the compressive displacement characteristics of spring probes with different strength combinations. Background Art

[0002] When explosives explode in the air, high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-speed explosion products are instantly generated. The surrounding air is directly affected by the explosion products. At the interface between the explosives and the air, the explosion products fly around at a very high speed in the air, and violently compress the adjacent air medium like a supersonic piston, causing its pressure, density, and temperature to increase stepwise, forming an initial shock wave. Air shock waves are one of the main factors that cause damage and destruction to personnel, equipment, and protective structures caused by ammunition explosions. Therefore, the analysis and measurement of shock waves are of great significance in both military and civilian fields.

[0003] In the field of test and identification, since the explosive mass and explosion distance of the dynamic explosive ammunition to be evaluated are unknown, the pressure time-history curve of the shock wave generated by the explosion cannot be directly calculated through relevant theories. Therefore, it is necessary to test the waveform curve of the explosion shock wave through active measurement sensors or passive measurement sensors. The main parameters of the shock wave include overpressure peak, positive pressure action time, specific impulse, etc. The shock wave waveform is an exponentially decaying triangular wave. Among them, the specific impulse is the pressure impulse per unit area in the explosion field, which can be obtained by integrating the pressure in the positive pressure zone of the shock wave over time. The impulse is obtained by multiplying the specific impulse by the target action area. The methods for measuring the pressure and impulse of the shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives are generally divided into two types: active measurement and passive measurement. Among them, active measurement mainly relies on various electrical sensors. Electrical sensor measurement technology is relatively mature and is the most popular measurement method. There are various high-precision shock wave electrical measurement sensors on the market. However, in some harsh natural environments, such as deserts, plateaus or islands, where the explosion test environment is relatively complex, there are problems such as the inability to arrange precise electrical measurement devices, or the cost is very high, or the layout is very difficult. At this time, the use of electrical sensors for active measurement has great limitations; in addition, the electromagnetic interference generated during the explosion of explosives may make the electrical measurement sensor unable to obtain signals, or the obtained signals are chaotic and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases, making subsequent analysis and processing very difficult. Therefore, designing a passive measurement sensor for explosion shock wave waveforms, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of shock wave measurement results and reducing the difficulty of the test, has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

[0004] In the existing passive measurement methods, the peak value or impulse of the shock wave overpressure is mainly calculated by the deformation, displacement, and velocity of the object after the shock wave loading. Such measurement methods mainly include the impact pendulum method, the equivalent target plate method, and the natural effector method of the contour line method. The impact pendulum is a device for indirectly measuring the impulse of the shock wave. The principle is to convert the impulse to be measured into the angular displacement of the pendulum, and calculate the shock wave impulse by measuring the angular displacement. It has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability and no need for on-site calibration. However, the center of mass and the impact center of the equipment are difficult to determine during the experiment, which is easy to cause large measurement errors. The equivalent target plate method is a method that uses the effect target (a target structure with good sensitivity under certain constraints and corresponding plastic deformation under the action of the shock wave) to be arranged in the explosion field to be measured according to a certain rule, and estimates the shock wave parameters through the maximum residual plastic deformation or even the crushing of the target plate. During the analysis, the shock wave load acting on the target plate can be equivalent to a uniformly distributed load, so its deformation is also symmetrical. The establishment of a corresponding inversion model can estimate the shock wave impulse at this position. Its principle is simple, the cost is low, and the measurement has a certain accuracy after calibration, but its installation constraint requirements are high and the target plate is prone to irregular deformation, so there are certain errors in the actual measurement. The contour method is a method of analyzing the explosive energy by driving the momentum block according to the speed of the momentum block flying away. The general process is to place the momentum block in a regular manner in the circumferential direction at different radii around the explosive, and calculate the momentum block speed with the imaging results of a high-speed camera after the shock wave drives the momentum block to fly away. Due to the influence of the fireball and strong light after the explosion of the explosive, the shooting results are easily disturbed. The contour method also has a method of recording the landing point of the momentum block after it flies away, and then reversely driving the momentum block speed based on the landing point based on the principle of horizontal projection motion, but the judgment of the landing point is subjective, and the measurement result is prone to large errors. Natural effect objects can only qualitatively measure the intensity range of the shock wave by judging the pine board breaking, glass breaking, small animal death, etc. after the explosion shock wave. It is a qualitative evaluation and is not suitable for large-scale evaluation of the explosion damage power field. In addition, the above passive measurement method can only obtain the overpressure peak or specific impulse of the explosion shock wave by evaluation, but cannot obtain the shock wave waveform.

[0005] In summary, the existing measurement methods have at least the following technical problems:

[0006] 1. Existing electrical active sensors have problems such as electromagnetic interference, high cost, and difficult wiring. They cannot accurately measure shock wave energy in relatively harsh natural environments.

[0007] 2. Most existing passive measurement methods are not accurate enough, and high-precision passive measurement has many defects, such as cumbersome post-measurement processing procedures, complex measurement systems, and the need for auxiliary measurement with electrical measuring equipment.

[0008] 3. Among the equivalent measurement methods, high-precision measurement methods such as the impact pendulum method require auxiliary measurement with electrical measuring equipment, which is costly and complex to install. The equivalent target plate method has insufficient measurement accuracy and cannot obtain the shock wave waveform. It is also difficult to set up and implement. The contour line method, whether it is setting up a high-speed camera for shooting and recording or performing reverse calculation based on the landing point of the momentum block, has certain human reading errors, which affects the measurement results.

[0009] In fact, the waveform of the shock wave (overpressure peak, positive pressure action time, specific impulse) can be obtained by measuring the compression displacement characteristics of the combined spring probe. When subjected to impact load, spring probes of different load-bearing specifications convert the load impulse into the compression displacement of their own springs. Therefore, the load impulse can be inferred from the compression displacement of the spring; the slope of the load waveform is calculated based on the strength difference between different spring probes, and the peak value and duration of the load are further inferred. Existing research shows that after reasonable design, the compression displacement characteristics of the spring probe are relatively stable and controllable, and it is a load impulse characterization element with excellent performance. In addition, in terms of technical indicators, after calibration, its load impulse-compression displacement degree presents a certain functional relationship; at the same time, the functional relationship between the spring strength and impulse of spring probes of different specifications is also certain, so it can be inferred that such characteristics make the combined spring probe possible to be used for quantitative measurement of impulse. The spring probe is generally in the shape of a long column, and its length and diameter can be designed and processed according to needs; the combined spring probes with different spring strengths and different structural sizes can form measurement structures with different impulses and compression displacements of various specifications, and can achieve relatively accurate waveform (including overpressure peak, positive pressure action time, specific impulse) measurement for shock waves of different intensities. At the same time, by designing a stable measurement structure, a shock wave waveform measurement sensor device with reliable performance, long-term storage and reusability can be produced.

[0010] At present, the compressive displacement characteristics of spring probes are generally used in micro-processing fields such as precision machining, optics, electronics, and semiconductors. There is no public literature involving the use of the compressive displacement characteristics of combined spring probes to measure shock wave waveforms. If a passive shock wave waveform measurement device can be designed using a combined spring probe and the device can be used to measure impulse, it is expected to solve the technical problems of existing measurement methods. Summary of the invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the difficulties in wiring existing active electrical sensors used in active measurement methods, such as the low measurement accuracy caused by electromagnetic interference; as well as the disadvantages in passive measurement methods, including cumbersome post-measurement processing procedures, complex measurement systems, or the need for electrical measurement equipment for auxiliary measurement. The present invention provides a passive measurement device and method for the shock wave waveform of a combined spring probe under compression deformation. The provided measurement device has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, rapid deployment, convenient post-result processing, and high measurement accuracy. It can be used for measuring the explosive shock wave energy in standard ranges, field ranges, and other harsher environments. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform using this measurement device can simply, quickly, and accurately complete the passive measurement of the explosion shock wave waveform in a standard range or a field range, providing a new reference option for shock wave measurement.

[0012] The present invention quantitatively converts the shock wave impulse into the compression displacement degree of the combined spring probe by using a shock wave bearing slider and records the mark through a rubber ring, thereby realizing the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave waveform in the explosion field.

[0013] The present invention consists of a spring probe, a rubber ring, a shock wave bearing slider, a support seat, a slide rail cover, a housing, and a fixing seat. Define the end of the housing close to the explosion point as the left end of the present invention, and the end far from the explosion point as the right end of the present invention. The spring probe, rubber ring, shock wave bearing slider, support seat, and slide rail cover are located inside the housing and the fixing seat, and the support seat, slide rail cover, housing, and fixing seat are coaxially installed; the rubber ring is nested on the spring probe from the left end of the spring probe, the shock wave bearing slider is fixed to the left end of the spring probe by a thread, and the spring probe, rubber ring, and shock wave bearing slider are coaxially installed; after assembling a plurality of spring probes, rubber rings, and shock wave bearing sliders, they are inserted on the support seat to form a combined spring probe; the slide rail cover is nested on the combined probe from the left side, and the housing and the fixing seat encapsulate and fix the device.

[0014] The spring probe is used to convert the momentum of the shock wave bearing slider into its own compression displacement and consists of a probe front tube, a spring, and a probe rear tube. The length L1 of the probe front tube satisfies 0.01 < L1 < 0.3 m; the length L of the left end part of the probe front tube 111 satisfies 0.2L1 < L 111 < 0.6L1, the diameter D1 satisfies 0.004 m < D1 < 0.05 m, and there is a screw hole at the left end head thereof, and its diameter d 111 satisfies 0.3D1 < d 111 < 0.8D1, and the depth l 111 satisfies 0.1D1 < l 111 < 0.5D1; the length L of the middle part of the probe front tube 112 satisfies 0.2L1 < L 112 < 0.6L1, and the diameter d 11 satisfies 0.2D1 < d11 <0.9D1; the diameter of the right end of the probe front tube is the same as the diameter of the left end, and the length is L 113 Meet L 113 =L1-L 111 -L 112 . Total spring length L 12 Meet L 12 =L 112 , inner diameter D 12 Satisfy D 12 =d 11 , wire diameter d 12 Meet 0.0005m <d 12 <0.005m, pitch l 12 Meet 0.02L 12 <l 12 <0.2L 12 . Probe rear tube length L 13 Meets 1.1L 112 <L 13 <1.6L 112 There is a variable cross-section protrusion at the left end of the probe rear tube, and its length is l 132 Meet 0.1L 112 <L 132 <0.5L 112 , outer diameter D 13 Satisfy 1.1D1 <D 13 <1.6D1, inner diameter d 132 Satisfy 132 =D1; the outer diameter of the remaining part of the probe rear tube d 131 Satisfies 1.05D1 <d 131 <1.5D1, wall thickness t 132 Satisfy t 132 =(d 131 -D1) / 2; the right end of the probe rear tube is a through hole with a diameter of d 133 Satisfy 133 =d 11 , whose depth l 133 Satisfy 133 =L 13 -l 131 -l 132 The probe front tube, spring and probe rear tube are coaxially assembled. When the probe front tube is compressed and displaced, the spring is compressed and deformed. The spring probe is made of metal material, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ1>200MPa, density ρ1>1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that the spring probe does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to impact compression.

[0015] The rubber ring is used to characterize the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe as its own displacement. It is preferably in the shape of a toroid. The inner diameter is d2, and d2 = D1. The wire diameter is d 21 Satisfying 0.0003 mm < d 21 < 0.005 mm, and the outer diameter is D2, where D2 = d2 + 2d 21 ; The rubber ring is nested on the spring probe from the left end of the spring probe and slides to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube. During the compression of the spring probe, due to the obstruction of the probe rear tube, the rubber ring remains stationary in place; when the probe front tube rebounds, due to the clamping force of the rubber ring on the probe front tube, the rubber ring moves to the left together with the probe front tube, and the maximum displacement of the rubber ring is equal to the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe. The rubber ring is made of elastic materials such as nitrile rubber or fluororubber. The material satisfies that no plastic deformation occurs during the sliding process of the rubber ring on the probe front tube. The specific requirements are that the material satisfies: the yield strength σ2 < 200 MPa, and the density ρ2 < 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0016] The blast - bearing slider is used to convert the local shock wave impulse in the air into its own momentum. It is preferably in the shape of a cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder part is D3, satisfying 0.002 m < D3 < 0.05 m. The diameter can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs. The length is L3, satisfying 0.002 m < L3 < 0.02 m; A thread is machined at the right end of the blast - bearing slider to assemble it with the spring probe, and its thread diameter D 31 Satisfies D 31 = d 111 , and the length L 31 Satisfies 0.2l 111 < L 31 < 0.9l 111 ; The two end faces of the blast - bearing slider are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the spring probe. There is a frictionless sliding assembly (friction coefficient μ < 0.05) between the blast - bearing slider and the slide rail cover. The blast - bearing slider is made of alloy material or plexiglass. The material is based on the principle that no plastic deformation occurs under the action of the explosion shock wave. The specific requirements are that the material satisfies: the yield strength σ3 > 200 MPa, and the density ρ3 > 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0017] The support base is used to fix and support the spring probe and form an array arrangement; The support base consists of an intermediate insert plate and a support tube, and the two are fixed together by epoxy resin adhesive bonding or welding. Among them, the outer shape of the intermediate insert plate is a circular plate, and its main function is to fix the spring probe. The diameter of the intermediate insert plate is D 41 Satisfies 0.01 m < D 41 < 0.1 m, and the thickness is L 41 Satisfies 0.002 m < L 41< 0.02 m; The intermediate plate is machined with n1 (3 < n1 < 10) through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate for fixing the spring probes. The distance from the center of the through hole to the center of the plate is R 41 Satisfying 0.1D 41 < R 41 < 0.4D 41 , the diameter of the through hole is d 411 Satisfying d 411 = d 131 ; In addition, the intermediate plate is machined with 3 through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate at the inner and outer edges of the plane to facilitate the assembly with the slide rail cover. The distance from the center of the through hole to the center of the plate is R 42 Satisfying 0.4D 41 < R 42 < 0.5D 41 , the diameter of the through hole is d 412 Satisfying 0.002 m < d 412 < 0.01 m. The support tube has a circular tube shape and its main function is to provide sufficient movement space for the front tube of the probe. Its diameter is D 42 Satisfying D 42 = D 41 , and the length is L 42 Satisfying L 42 = 1.1L1, and the thickness is t 42 Satisfying 0.0005 m < t 42 < 0.01 m. The support base is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to satisfy: yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa, density ρ4 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the support base does not produce plastic deformation during the compression process of the probe.

[0018] The slide rail cover is used to provide a slide rail for the detonation-bearing slider and prevent the spring probe from directly bearing the shock wave. Its shape matches that of the support base and it is composed of a detonation front plate, a slide tube and a positioning pin. Each component is fixed to each other by welding or bonding with epoxy resin glue. Among them, the detonation front plate has a circular plate shape and its main function is to fix the slide tube and protect the spring probe. The diameter of the detonation front plate is D 51 Satisfying D 51 = D 41 , and the thickness is L 51 Satisfying 0.002 m < D 41 < 0.02 m; The detonation front plate is machined with n2 (n2 = n1) through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate and having steps in the thickness direction. The distance from the center of the stepped through hole to the center of the plate is R 51 Satisfying R 51 = R 41 , the left end diameter of the stepped through hole is D 512 Satisfying 1.1D3 < d 512 < 1.4D3, and the depth is l 51Meet 0.3L 51 <l 51 <0.7L 51 , the diameter of the right end of the step hole is d 512 Satisfy 512 = D3; where the right end diameter of the n2 step through holes is d 512 They can be inconsistent with each other and adjusted according to actual measurement requirements; the front plate of the explosion-bearing plate is processed with 3 through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate on the inner and outer edges of the surface to facilitate assembly with the support seat. The distance between the center of the through hole and the center of the plate is R 52 Satisfy R 52 =R 42 , through hole diameter is D 513 Satisfy D 513 =d 412 The slide tube is a round tube, and its main function is to provide a sliding track for the explosion-bearing slider and limit its radial movement. The sizes of the n2 slide tubes can be different from each other. Their inner diameter and outer diameter are determined by the size of the step through hole of the explosion-bearing front plate (for example, the outer diameter D of the slide tube is 522 Satisfy D 522 =D 512 , inner diameter of sliding tube d 522 Satisfy 522 =d 512 ), the length of the sliding tube is L 52 Satisfaction = L 111 +L3+2l 51 -2L 51 The positioning pin is cylindrical in shape, and its main function is to make the outer through holes of the explosion-bearing front plate and the middle plug plate correspond to each other to achieve the effect of mutual fixing; the diameter of the positioning pin is D 53 Satisfy D 53 =D 513 , length L 53 Meet L 53 =2L 51 The slide rail cover is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ5>200MPa, density ρ5>2.0g / cm 3 ,The basic principle is that the slide rail cover does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0019] The outer shell is used to hold other components. It is round in shape and has an outer diameter of D6. 41 <D6<1.2D 41 , the inner diameter is d6 and satisfies d6=D 41 , the length is L6 and satisfies 0.6*(L 41 +L 42 +L 51 +L 52 ) <L6<0.9*(L 41 +L 42 +L 51+L 52 );A section of external thread is machined at the right end of the housing, and the radial length of the external thread is L 61 Satisfying 0.005m < L 61 < 0.03m, and the diameter of the external thread is D 61 Satisfying D 61 = 0.5(D6 + d6); The left end of the housing is a ring, and the inner diameter of the ring is D 62 Satisfying R 52 + 0.5D3 < D 62 < d6, and the axial thickness of the ring is L 62 Satisfying 0.001m < L 62 < 0.02m. The housing is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ6 > 200MPa, density ρ6 > 2.0g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the housing does not produce plastic deformation under shock wave load.

[0020] The fixing seat is used to connect the housing and fix the overall device. Its shape matches the housing, and the outer shape is cylindrical; the outer diameter of the fixing seat is D7, satisfying 1.02D6 < D7 < 1.2D6, and the axial length is L7, satisfying 0.01m < L7 < 0.1m; an internal thread is machined by internal insertion at the left end of the fixing seat, and the thread diameter is D 71 Satisfying D 71 = D 61 , and the axial length of the thread is L 71 Satisfying L 71 = L 61 ; There are two steps along the inner wall on the right side of the internal thread. The diameter of the first step is D 74 Satisfying D 74 = D 41 , and the length is L 74 Satisfying L 74 = L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 - 2l 51 - l6, and the diameter of the second step is D 75 Satisfying 0.7D 74 < D 75 < D 74 , and the length is L 75 Satisfying 0.001m < L 75 < 0.01m; The right end of the fixing seat is a circular plate with a circular hole, and the thickness of the circular plate is L 72 Satisfying 0.001m < L 72 < 0.01m, and a fixing seat threaded hole is machined at the center of the circular plate for fixing the overall measuring device. The diameter of the fixing seat threaded hole is D 72 Satisfying 0.006m < D 72<0.03m, in addition, there are 4 ventilation holes on the circular plate, and the distance between the center of the ventilation hole and the center of the circular plate is R 73 Satisfy 0.2D 75 <R 73 <0.4D 75 The diameter of the vent hole is D 73 Meet 0.004m <D 73 <0.01m. The fixing seat is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ7>200MPa, density ρ7>2.0g / cm 3 , the basic principle is that the fixing seat does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0021] The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of the explosion field using the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is:

[0022] The first step is to install the measuring device:

[0023] 1.1 Insert the rubber ring from the left end of the spring probe into the probe front tube and slide it to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube. Then connect the explosion-bearing slider to the threaded hole of the probe front tube through the threaded rod of the explosion-bearing slider and fix it at the left end of the probe front tube.

[0024] 1.2 Insert the M probe rear tubes of the spring probe into the M first through holes of the middle plug plate on the support seat in sequence;

[0025] 1.3 Insert the two ends of the M sliding tubes into the M step through holes of the left explosion-bearing front plate and the M step through holes of the right explosion-bearing front plate according to the corresponding positions to complete the assembly of the slide rail cover;

[0026] 1.4 Nest the slide rail cover on the middle plug plate from left to right. During this process, the explosion-bearing slider enters the slide tube from the right;

[0027] 1.5 Insert the slide rail cover and the support seat into the outer shell and the fixing seat from the left and right ends respectively. The outer shell and the fixing seat are connected by the outer shell thread and the inner thread of the fixing seat to complete the assembly of the measuring device;

[0028] 1.6 Fix the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe firmly on any stable target stand or wall through the threaded hole of the fixing seat on the right end face of the fixing seat;

[0029] 1.7 Carry out an overall inspection of the air shock wave waveform measurement device based on the combined spring probe, and check the targets and details, including: whether the rubber ring slides to contact the rear tube of the probe, whether the device as a whole is level; whether the left end face of the explosion-bearing slider is flush with the left end face of the explosion-bearing front plate.

[0030] In the second step, the shock wave waveform is measured using an air shock wave waveform measurement device based on a combined spring probe, the method is:

[0031] 2.1 The explosion point explodes, and the M explosion-bearing sliders accelerate to the right under the impact of the explosion;

[0032] 2.2M explosion-bearing slide blocks compress M probe front tubes respectively, and M probe front tubes compress M springs to the right respectively. During this process, M probe rear tubes are fixed;

[0033] 2.3 Define the spring probe with the smallest elastic coefficient as the first spring probe, let the elastic coefficient of the first spring probe be k1, let the spring probe with elastic coefficient k1 be the first spring probe, let the elastic coefficients of the M spring probes along the counterclockwise direction of the first spring probe be k1, k2, k i , …, k M And k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M, 1≤i≤M;

[0034] 2.4 After the M probe front tubes reach the maximum compression displacement, the M rubber rings rebound together with the probe front tubes. The i-th rubber ring (set on the elastic coefficient k i The rebound displacement S of the i-th spring probe i (i.e., the rebound displacement of the i-th spring probe) is equal to the maximum compression displacement S of the front tube of the i-th probe finali .

[0035] Step 3: Data recording and processing:

[0036] 3.1 After the explosion, remove the air shock wave waveform measurement device based on the combined spring probe from the target stand or wall, remove the outer shell and the fixing seat, and remove the slide rail cover;

[0037] 3.2 Count the compression displacements of the front tubes of the M spring probes, and record them as S1, S2, S i ,…,S M ;

[0038] 3.3 Calculate the specific impulse of M explosive bearing sliders by:

[0039] 3.3.1 Initialize variable i=1;

[0040] 3.3.2 According to the compression displacement S of the i-th spring probe finali Calculate and obtain the compression potential energy E when the front tube of the probe of the i-th spring probe 1 reaches the maximum compression displacement i , At this time, the kinetic energy of the i-th explosion-bearing slider is completely converted into the compression potential energy of the i-th spring, that is, Therefore, there is m i is the mass of the ith explosion-bearing slider, v iis the maximum moving speed of the explosion-bearing slider;

[0041] 3.3.3 According to Solve to get the maximum moving speed v of the i-th explosion-bearing slider i , calculate the impulse of the shock wave transmitted to the i-th explosion-bearing slider as m i v i , the specific impulse of the i-th explosion-bearing slider is

[0042] 3.3.3 Let i = i + 1. If i>M, it means that the specific impulses I1, ..., I2 of M explosive bearing slide blocks have been calculated. i ,…,I M , go to 3.4; if i≤M, go to 3.3.2.

[0043] 3.4 According to theoretical analysis, P2(t) is the shock wave pressure time history curve, σ si (t) is the equivalent strength curve of the i-th spring probe, (D 3i is the diameter of the i-th explosion-bearing slider 3, S(t) is the compression displacement time history curve of the i-th spring probe; analysis shows that when P2(t) = σ si (t), the spring probe compression reaches the maximum speed, and this moment is defined as t cri , at this time the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe is After that, the compression speed of the i-th spring probe gradually decreases. Since the duration of the shock wave is very short and t cri After time t, the shock wave intensity is low, so it can be considered that the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe is t cri Before time, and t cri After time t, the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe can be ignored, so the effective impulse of the shock wave on the i-th spring probe is t cri The area I of the envelope of the shock wave pressure history curve P2(t) and the time axis before time i ; until the spring probe stops compressing t finali , the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe drops to 0, and its compression displacement reaches the maximum value S finali , according to engineering experience, the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe is According to this formula, the equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 is obtained: Since the equivalent strength of M spring probes different, so the effective impulses I1, I2, I i ,…,I M different;

[0044] 3.5 Equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 is known and the effective impulses I1, I2, I2 of the shock wave on the M spring probes 1 i ,…,I M , solve the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities of the M spring probes, and further obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve by averaging the slopes of the lines connecting the two equivalent intensities. The calculation method is:

[0045] 3.5.1 Initialize variable i = 1;

[0046] 3.5.2 Initialize variable j = i + 1;

[0047] 3.5.3 According to the formula Calculate the i-th equivalent strength With the jth equivalent intensity The slope of the line connecting the two ij ;

[0048] 3.5.4 Let j = j + 1. If j > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting the i-th equivalent intensity and the i + 1-M-th equivalent intensity has been calculated (i.e., B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM ), go to 3.5.5; if j≤M, go to 3.5.3;

[0049] 3.5.5 Let i = i + 1. If i > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities between the 1st to the Mth equivalent intensities has been calculated, that is, B 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , …, B M-1·M , go to 3.5.6; if i≤M, go to 3.5.2;

[0050] 3.5.6 To B 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, Bi,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , …, B M-1·M Calculate the average value to obtain the average slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve;

[0051] 3.6 Equivalent strength of M spring probes The effective impulses of the shock wave on the M spring probes are I1, I2, I i ,…,I M , the slope B of the shock wave pressure history curve, according to the formula (because Minimum, P 2_max and The strength difference between the two is the largest, and the more trapezoidal area enclosed between the two, the greater I1, and the reverse P 2_max The smaller the error, the better. The reverse thrust effect is the best) The peak value P of the reverse thrust shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max , according to the formula t d B=(0-P 2_max ) The duration t of the reversed shock wave pressure time history curve d ;

[0052] 3.7 According to the peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max Duration t d , slope B is used to draw the shock wave pressure time history curve, and the air shock wave waveform measurement is completed;

[0053] 3.8 Reset each rubber ring to contact the rear tube of the spring probe, and arrange the measuring device according to the steps in the first step to realize the reuse of the measuring device.

[0054] The following technical effects can be achieved by adopting the present invention:

[0055] 1. The measuring method of the present invention is based on the principle of momentum and energy conversion, converts the shock wave impulse into the momentum of the explosion-bearing slider, and the explosion-bearing slider compresses the spring probe. When the spring probe is compressed to the maximum displacement, the rubber ring rebounds together with the front tube of the probe, and the rubber ring rebound displacement is the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe; the effective impulse of the shock wave on each spring probe is obtained by reverse calculation according to the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe, and the slope of the shock wave pressure time history curve is obtained by reverse calculation in combination with the equivalent strength of each spring probe, and the peak value and duration of the shock wave pressure time history curve are further obtained, and finally the shock ratio pressure time history waveform curve is drawn. This method is simple, intuitive and reliable;

[0056] 2. The measuring device of the present invention has a simple structure, simple assembly, small size, no need for power supply, easy layout and use, simple and intuitive results, and low use cost;

[0057] 3. The measuring device of the present invention can be installed once and used multiple times; only the explosion-bearing slider and reset rubber ring need to be reassembled in the middle;

[0058] 4. Compared with traditional measuring devices, the measuring device of the present invention can greatly increase the deployment scale, obtain more measurement data, and increase the reliability, accuracy and stability of the measurement of shock wave parameters in the explosion field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) is a three-dimensional overall structural diagram of the measuring device of the present invention, Figure 1 (b) is an axial (AA direction) cross-sectional view of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 It is an axial exploded view of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the spring probe 1. Figure 3 (a) is a front view of the three-dimensional structure of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (b) is a front cross-sectional view of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (c) is an axial exploded view of the spring probe 1. Figure 3 (d) is a cross-sectional view of the components of the spring probe 1.

[0062] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rubber ring 2. Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rubber ring 2, Figure 4 (b) is a top view of the rubber ring 2, Figure 4 (c) is a side view of the rubber ring 2.

[0063] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the explosion-bearing slider 3. Figure 5 (a) is the front view of the explosion-bearing slider 3, Figure 5 (b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the explosion-bearing slider 3.

[0064] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support base 4. Figure 6 (a) is a front view of the three-dimensional structure of the support base 4, Figure 6 (b) is an axial exploded view of the support seat 4, Figure 6 (c) is a left side view of the middle plug board 41, Figure 6 (d) is a side view of the middle plug board 41, Figure 6 (e) is an axial cross-sectional view of the support tube 42 .

[0065] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (a) is a front view of the three-dimensional structure of the slide rail cover 5, Figure 7 (b) is an axial exploded view of the slide rail cover 5, Figure 7 (c) is a top view of the explosion-bearing front plate 51, Figure 7 (d) Yes Figure 7 (c) is a cross-sectional view of the explosion-bearing front plate 51 taken along the AA direction, Figure 7 (e) is an axial cross-sectional view of the slide tube 52.

[0066] Figure 8 It is a front view of the three-dimensional structure of the housing 6. Figure 8 (a) is a front view of the axially sectional three-dimensional structure of the housing 6, Figure 8 (b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the housing 6.

[0067] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixing seat 7. Fig. 9 (a) is an axial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the fixing seat 7, Fig. 9 (b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the fixing seat 7.

[0068] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure assembly process of the present invention. Fig.10 (a) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the spring probe 1, the rubber ring 2 and the explosion-bearing slider 3. Fig.10 (b) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the spring probe 1 and the support base 4. Fig.10 (c) is a schematic diagram of the spring probe 1 and the support base 4 after assembly. Fig.10 (d) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the explosion-bearing front plate 51 and the sliding pipe 52. Fig.10 (e) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the slide rail cover 5 and the support seat 4. Fig.10 (f) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the housing 6 and the fixing seat and the slide rail cover 5 and the supporting seat 4.

[0069] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the compression and rebound process of the present invention under air shock wave. Fig.11 (a) is a schematic diagram of the initial moment when the explosion impact load acts on the explosion-bearing slider 3, Fig.11 (b) is a schematic diagram of the movement process of the explosion-bearing slider 3, the probe front tube 11 and the connecting block 14 under the action of the explosion impact load. Fig.11 (c) is a schematic diagram showing the maximum compression of the spring 12 when the explosion impact load ends. Fig.11 (d) is a schematic diagram of the movement of the rubber ring 2 along with the front tube of the probe during the rebound process of the spring 12. Fig.11 (e) is a schematic diagram of further rebound of the spring 12. Fig.11 (f) is a schematic diagram of the maximum displacement of the rubber ring when the spring 12 returns to its initial shape.

[0070] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the compression displacement of the combined spring probe 1 of the present invention after being subjected to air shock waves.

[0071] Fig.13 It is the time course curve diagram of each parameter during the probe compression process.

[0072] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the effective impulse of the shock wave on each spring probe.

[0073] Fig.15 It is a time-history waveform curve of explosion shock wave pressure obtained by reverse deduction in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Description of reference numerals:

[0075] 1. Spring probe, 11. Probe front tube, 111. Left end thick tube, 1111. Probe front tube threaded hole, 112. Right end thin tube, 12. Spring, 13. Probe rear tube, 14. Connecting block, 2. Rubber ring, 3. Explosion-bearing slider, 31. Explosion-bearing slider screw, 4. Support seat, 41. Middle plug plate, 411. First through hole, 42. Support tube, 5. Slide rail cover, 51. Explosion-bearing front plate, 511. Step through hole, 512. Left explosion-bearing front plate, 513. Right explosion-bearing front plate, 52. Slide tube, 6. Shell, 61. Shell thread, 62. Shell front hole, 7. Fixed seat, 71. Fixed seat internal thread, 72. Fixed seat threaded hole, 73. Air vent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0077] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) is a three-dimensional overall structural diagram of the measuring device of the present invention, Figure 1 (b) is an axial (AA direction) cross-sectional view of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 2 This is an axial exploded view of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) Figure 1 (b) and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the present invention is generally cylindrical in shape and is composed of M spring probes 1, M rubber rings 2, M detonation-bearing sliders 3, a support base 4, a slide rail cover 5, a housing 6, and a fixing base 7, where M is a positive integer and 3 < M < 10. The end of the housing 6 close to the detonation point 8 is defined as the left end of the present invention, and the end far from the detonation point 8 is defined as the right end of the present invention. The spring probes 1, rubber rings 2, detonation-bearing sliders 3, support base 4, and slide rail cover 5 are located inside the housing 6 and the fixing base 7, and the support base 4, slide rail cover 5, housing 6, and fixing base 7 are coaxially installed; the rubber ring 2 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the front probe tube 11 from the left end of the spring probe 1, and the detonation-bearing slider 3 (through the detonation-bearing slider screw 31 and the threaded hole 1111 of the front probe tube of the spring probe 1) is fixed to the left end of the front probe tube 11. The spring probe 1, rubber ring 2, and detonation-bearing slider 3 are coaxially installed; after the M spring probes 1, M rubber rings 2, and M detonation-bearing sliders 3 are coaxially installed respectively, they are inserted into the M first through holes 411 of the middle insertion plate 41 of the support base 4 respectively to form a combined spring probe; the slide rail cover 5 moves from left to right and is nested in the left end of the support base 4 through the detonation-bearing slider 3. The housing 6 is sleeved on the slide rail cover 5 from the left end, and the fixing base 7 is sleeved on the support base 4 from the right end. The housing 6 and the fixing base 7 are connected by threads.

[0078] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the spring probe 1. Figure 3 (a) is the front three-dimensional structure view of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (b) is the front cross-sectional view of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (c) is the axial explosion view of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (d) is the sectional dimension schematic diagram of each component of the spring probe 1. As Figure 3 (c) shows, the spring probe 1 is assembled from a front probe tube 11, a spring 12, a rear probe tube 13, and a connecting block 14. The spring probe 1 is used to convert the kinetic energy of the detonation-bearing slider 3 into its own compression displacement. The front probe tube 11, spring 12, and rear probe tube 13 are coaxially assembled from left to right. The right thin tube 112 of the front probe tube 11 is inserted into the spring 12 and then inserted into the rear probe tube 13 from left to right. The right end of the right thin tube 112 is flush with the right end of the rear probe tube 13; the connecting block 14 is fixed to the right end of the right thin tube 112 by means of adhesive bonding or welding. Under the explosion shock load, the rear probe tube 13 is fixed by the support base 4. When the detonation-bearing slider 3 compresses the front probe tube 11 to the right, the spring 12 in the rear probe tube 13 undergoes compression deformation under the rightward movement of the front probe tube 11; when the explosion shock load ends, the spring 12 drives the front probe tube 11 to move leftward due to its own elastic force, and the spring probe 1 returns to its initial shape.

[0079] The front probe tube 11 is a long rod with a thick left end and a thin right end, and is divided into a left thick tube 111 and a right thin tube 112. The total length L of the front probe tube 11 11 satisfies 0.01 < L 11< 0.3 m; the length L of the thick tube 111 at the left end 111 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 111 < 0.6L 11 , the outer diameter D1 satisfies 0.004 m < D1 < 0.05 m. There is a screw hole 1111 at the left end of the thick tube 111 at the left end, and the diameter d of the screw hole 1111 111 satisfies 0.3D1 < d 111 < 0.8D1, and the depth l 111 satisfies 0.1D1 < l 111 < 0.5D1. The screw hole 1111 is used for threaded connection with the right end of the detonation-bearing slider 3; the thin tube 112 at the right end is rod-shaped, and its length L 112 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 112 < 0.6L 11 , and the outer diameter d 11 satisfies 0.2D1 < d 11 < 0.9D1.

[0080] The total length L of the spring 12 12 satisfies L 12 = L 112 , and the inner diameter D 12 satisfies D 12 = d 11 , and the wire diameter d 12 satisfies 0.0005 m < d 12 < 0.005 m, and the pitch l 12 satisfies 0.02L 12 < l 12 < 0.2L 12 . The spring 12 is made of a metal material, and the material is required to satisfy: the yield strength σ 12 > 200 MPa, and the density ρ 12 > 1 g / cm 3 , and the elastic coefficient 1 N / m < k < 100000 N / m; define the spring probe 1 to which the spring 12 with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs as the first spring probe, and its elastic coefficient is k1. The elastic coefficients of M spring probes 1 increase in sequence in the counterclockwise direction. Define the elastic coefficients of each spring probe 1 as k1, k2,..., k i 、…、k M , then there is k1 < k2 <... < k i < … < k M , 1 ≤ i ≤ M.

[0081] The probe rear tube 13 is a cylinder without a left end face and with a right end face, and the length L 13 satisfies 1.1L 112 < L 13 < 1.6L 112The left end of the probe rear tube 13 has a variable cross-section protrusion, the length of which is l 132 Meet 0.1L 112 <L 132 <0.5L 112 , the outer diameter D of the variable cross-section protrusion 13 Satisfy 1.1D1 <D 13 <1.6D1, inner diameter d 132 Satisfy 132 = D1; the outer diameter d of the remaining part of the probe rear tube 13 131 Satisfies 1.05D1 <d 131 <1.5D1, wall thickness t 132 Satisfy t 132 =(d 131 -D1) / 2; a through hole is dug in the center of the right end surface of the probe rear tube 13 to facilitate the right end of the probe front tube 11 through the capillary 112, the through hole diameter d 133 Satisfy 133 =d 11 , the thickness of its right end face is l 133 Meet 0.0005m <l 133 <0.01m.

[0082] The connecting block 14 is a disc block, and its diameter is D 14 Satisfy D 14 =D1, thickness L 113 Meet 0.001m <L 14 <0.01m. The left end face of the connecting block 14 is welded to the right end face of the right end capillary 112. Due to the diameter D of the connecting block 14 14 Greater than the diameter d of the central through hole on the right end face of the probe rear tube 13 133 , so that the probe front tube 11 can only be compressed to the right.

[0083] The probe front tube 11, the probe rear tube 13 and the connecting block 14 are all made of metal materials, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ1>200MPa, density ρ1>1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that the spring probe 1 does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to impact compression.

[0084] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rubber ring 2. Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rubber ring 2; Figure 4 (b) is a top view of the rubber ring 2; Figure 4 (c) is a side view of the rubber ring 2. The rubber ring 2 is used to characterize the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe 1 as its own displacement, and is preferably a circular ring. Figure 4 As shown in (b) and 4(c), the inner diameter of the rubber ring 2 is d2, which satisfies d2=D1, and the wire diameter is d 21, satisfying 0.0003 mm < d 21 <0.005 mm, the outer diameter is D2, satisfying D2 = d2 + 2d 21 ; The rubber ring 2 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the probe front tube 11 from the left end of the spring probe 1 and slides to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube 13. During the rightward movement of the probe front tube 11, due to the blockage of the probe rear tube 13, the rubber ring 2 remains stationary; when the probe front tube 11 moves leftward under the elastic force of the spring 12, due to the clamping force of the rubber ring 2 on the probe front tube 11, the rubber ring 2 moves leftward together with the probe front tube 11, and the maximum leftward displacement of the rubber ring 2 is equal to the maximum compression displacement of the probe front tube 11. The rubber ring 2 is made of elastic materials such as nitrile or fluororubber, and the material satisfies that the rubber ring 2 does not produce plastic deformation during the rightward sliding process of the probe front tube 11. The specific requirements are that the material satisfies: the yield strength σ2 < 200 MPa, and the density ρ2 < 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0085] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the explosion-bearing slider 3. Figure 5 (a) is the front view of the explosion-bearing slider 3, Figure 5 (b) is the axial sectional view of the explosion-bearing slider 3. As Figure 5 (a) shows, the explosion-bearing slider 3 directly bears the action of the explosion shock wave, converts the local shock wave impulse in the air into its own kinetic energy, and is disc-shaped. The diameters of M explosion-bearing sliders 3 can be different. The disc diameter is D3, satisfying 0.002 m < D3 < 0.05 m, and the diameter can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs, as long as it is within the range of 0.002 m < D3 < 0.05 m. The disc thickness is L3, satisfying 0.002 m < L3 < 0.02 m; A section of explosion-bearing slider screw 31 is machined at the center of the right end of the explosion-bearing slider 3. The explosion-bearing slider screw 31 is inserted into the screw hole 1111 at the left end of the probe front tube 11 and tightened by threading, so that the right end of the explosion-bearing slider 3 is assembled with the spring probe 1. The thread diameter D 31 satisfies D 31 = d 111 , and the length L 31 satisfies 0.2l 111 < L 31 < 0.9l 111 ; The two end faces of the explosion-bearing slider 3 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the spring probe 1. The explosion-bearing slider 3 is made of alloy materials or plexiglass, and the material is based on the principle of satisfying that the explosion-bearing slider 3 does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave. The specific requirements are that the yield strength σ3 > 200 MPa and the density ρ3 > 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0086] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the support base 4. Figure 6(a) is a front view of the three-dimensional structure of the support base 4, Figure 6 (b) is an axial exploded view of the support seat 4, Figure 6 (c) is a left side view of the middle plug board 41, Figure 6 (d) is a side view of the middle plug board 41, Figure 6 (e) is an axial cross-sectional view of the support tube 42. The support seat 4 is used to fix and support the spring probe 1, and to arrange the spring probe 1 in an array; the support seat 4 is composed of an intermediate plug plate 41 and a support tube 42, which are fixed together by epoxy resin adhesive or welding. Among them, the intermediate plug plate 41 is a circular plate, which is mainly used to fix the spring probe 1. The diameter of the intermediate plug plate 41 is D 41 , meet 0.01m <D 41 <0.1m, thickness L 41 Meet 0.002m <L 41 <0.02m; the middle plug plate 41 is dug along the axial direction with M first through holes 411 evenly distributed along the center of the middle plug plate 41 (the centers of the M first through holes 411 are at a radius of R 41 The probe rear tubes 13 of the M spring probes 1 are respectively inserted into the M first through holes 411 to fix the spring probes 1. The distance between the center of the first through hole 411 and the center O of the support seat 4 is equal to R 41 , satisfying 0.1D 41 <R 41 <0.4D 41 , the diameter of the first through hole 411 is d 411 , satisfying d 411 =d 131 The support tube 42 is a round tube, and its main function is to provide enough movement space for the probe front tube 11. Its inner diameter is D 42 , satisfying D 42 =D 41 , length L 42 , satisfying L 42 =1.1L1, side wall thickness is t 42 Meet 0.0005m <t 42 <0.01m. The support seat 4 is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ4>200MPa, density ρ4>2.0g / cm 3 The basic principle is that the support seat 4 does not produce plastic deformation during the compression process of the spring probe 1.

[0087] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (a) is a front view of the three-dimensional structure of the slide rail cover 5, Figure 7 (b) is an axial exploded view of the slide rail cover 5, Figure 7 (c) is a left side view of the explosion-bearing front plate 51; Figure 7 (d) Yes Figure 7 (c) AA (i.e. axial) cross-sectional view, Figure 7 (e) is an axial cross-sectional view of the slide tube 52. The slide rail cover 5 provides a slide rail for the explosion-bearing slider 3 and prevents the spring probe 1 from being directly subjected to the shock wave. Its shape matches the support seat 4 and is a circular plate. The slide rail cover 5 is composed of two explosion-bearing front plates 51 (i.e., the left explosion-bearing front plate 512 and the right explosion-bearing front plate 513) and M slide tubes 52. The components are fixed to each other by welding or epoxy resin adhesive. Among them, the left explosion-bearing front plate 512 and the right explosion-bearing front plate 513 are exactly the same in appearance, both are circular plates, and their main function is to fix the slide tube 52 and protect the spring probe 1. The diameter of the left explosion-bearing front plate 512 is D 51 , satisfying D 51 =D 41 , thickness is L 51 , meet 0.002m <L 51 <0.02m; M stepped through holes 511 are dug in the surface of the left front blast-bearing plate 512, which are evenly distributed along the center O' of the plate and have steps in the thickness direction. M slide tubes 52 are respectively inserted into the M stepped through holes 511 of the left front blast-bearing plate 512 and the right front blast-bearing plate 513, so that the left front blast-bearing plate 512 and the right front blast-bearing plate 513 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the slide tube 52; the distance between the center of the stepped through hole 511 and the center O' of the plate is R 51 , satisfying R 51 =R 41 , the diameter of the left end of the stepped through hole 511 is D 511 , satisfying 1.1D3 <D 511 <1.4D3, depth l 51 , meet 0.3L 51 <l 51 <0.7L 51 , the diameter of the right end of the step through hole 511 is d 511 , satisfying d 511 =D3. The slide tube 52 is a round tube, which is mainly used to provide a sliding track for the explosion-bearing slider 3 and limit the radial movement of the explosion-bearing slider 3. The inner diameter and outer diameter of the slide tube 52 match the size of the step through hole 511. The outer diameter D of the slide tube 52 522 Satisfy D 522 =D 511 , inner diameter d of slide tube 52 522 Satisfy 522 =d 511 , so that the left explosion-bearing front plate 512 is pressed against the left end of the slide tube 52, and the right explosion-bearing front plate 513 is pressed against the right end of the slide tube 52. The length of the slide tube 52 is L 52 , satisfying L 52 =L 111 +L3+2l 51 -2L 51, so that the left end of the sliding tube 52 is flush with the left end face of the left pre-explosion bearing plate 512, and the right end of the sliding tube 52 is flush with the right end face of the right pre-explosion bearing plate 513. The slide rail cover 5 is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ5 > 200 MPa, density ρ5 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the slide rail cover 5 does not undergo plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0088] Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the outer shell 6. Figure 8 (a) is the three-dimensional structural axial sectional view of the outer shell 6, Figure 8 (b) is the axial sectional view of the outer shell 6. The outer shell 6 is used to load the slide rail cover 5 and the support seat 4, and its outer shape is a cylinder without a right end face and with a left end face. The outer diameter of the outer shell 6 is D6, satisfying D 41 < D6 < 1.2D 41 , and the inner diameter is d6, satisfying d6 = D 41 , and the length is L6, satisfying

[0089] 0.6 * (L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 ) < L6 < 0.9 * (L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 );A section of outer shell thread 61 is machined at the right end of the outer shell 6. The outer shell thread 61 (see details Figure 2 ) has an axial length of L 61 , satisfying 0.005 m < L 61 < 0.03 m. The diameter of the outer shell thread 61 is D 61 , satisfying D 61 = 0.5(D6 + d6). The outer shell thread 61 is used for threaded connection with the fixed seat 7; a through hole 62 is opened at the center of the left end face. The through hole 62 is a through hole with an inner diameter of D 62 , satisfying R 52 + 0.5D3 < D 62 < d6. The function of the through hole 62 is to directly expose the left pre-explosion bearing plate 512 and the explosion-bearing slider 3 after the device is assembled, so that they directly bear the shock wave load. The thickness L 62 of the left end face of the through hole 62 satisfies 0.001 m < L 62 < 0.02 m. The outer shell 6 is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ6 > 200 MPa, density ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the outer shell 6 does not undergo plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0090] Fig. 9It is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed seat 7. Fig. 9 (a) is an axial sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed seat 7. Fig. 9 (b) is an axial sectional view of the fixed seat 7. The fixed seat 7 is used to connect the outer shell 6 and fix the whole device on a fixed object such as a target rack or a wall through its fixed seat threaded hole 72. Its shape matches that of the outer shell 6. The outer shape is cylindrical, without a left end face and with a right end face. The outer diameter of the fixed seat 7 is D7, satisfying 1.02D6 < D7 < 1.2D6, and the axial length is L7, satisfying 0.01 m < L7 < 0.1 m. The inner wall at the left end of the fixed seat 7 is machined with an internal thread 71, and the diameter of the internal thread 71 is D 71 Satisfying D 71 = D 61 , the axial length of the internal thread 71 is L 71 , satisfying L 71 = L 61 , the internal thread 71 matches the outer shell thread 61 at the right end of the outer shell 6. The fixed seat 7 is connected to the outer shell 6 through the internal thread 71 to form a cylindrical whole as shown in Figure 1 . The thickness of the right end face of the fixed seat 7 is l7, satisfying 0.001 m < l7 < 0.01 m. A fixed seat threaded hole 72 is machined at the center of the right end face of the fixed seat 7 to fix the whole measuring device to the screw on the fixed object. The diameter of the fixed seat threaded hole 72 is D 72 , satisfying 0.006 m < D 72 < 0.03 m. In addition, 4 vent holes 73 are machined on the right end face of the fixed seat 7. The distance from the center of the vent hole 73 to the center of the circular plate is R 73 , satisfying 0.2D 75 < R 73 < 0.4D 75 , and the diameter of the vent hole 73 is D 73 , satisfying 0.004 m < D 73 < 0.01 m, which is used to connect the gas in the space wrapped by the measuring outer shell 6 and the fixed seat 7 with the outside atmosphere to prevent the movement of the explosive-bearing slider 3 and the spring probe 1 from being affected by the pressure difference inside and outside the measuring device. The fixed seat 7 is made of hard alloy, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ7 > 200 MPa, density ρ7 > 2.0 g / cm 3 . The basic principle is that the fixed seat 7 does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0091] The method of measuring the shock wave waveform in the explosion field by using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe is as follows:

[0092] The first step is to install the measuring device:

[0093] 1.8 Insert the rubber ring 2 into the probe front tube 11 from the left end of the spring probe 1 and slide it to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube 13. Then connect the explosion-bearing slider 3 to the probe front tube threaded hole 1111 and fix it to the left end of the probe front tube 1 through the explosion-bearing slider threaded rod 31;

[0094] 1.9 Insert the M probe rear tubes 13 of the spring probe 1 into the M first through holes 411 of the middle insert plate 41 on the support seat 4 in sequence;

[0095] 1.10 Insert the two ends of the M slide tubes 52 into the M step through holes 511 of the left explosion-bearing front plate 512 and the M step through holes 511 of the right explosion-bearing front plate 513 according to the corresponding positions, and complete the assembly of the slide rail cover 5;

[0096] 1.11 Nest the slide rail cover 5 on the middle insert plate 41 from left to right, during which the explosion-bearing slide block 3 enters the slide tube 52 from the right;

[0097] 1.12 Insert the slide rail cover 5 and the support seat 4 into the outer shell 6 and the fixing seat 7 from the left and right ends respectively, and connect the outer shell 6 and the fixing seat 7 with the outer shell thread 61 and the fixing seat internal thread 71 to complete the assembly of the measuring device;

[0098] 1.13 The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is firmly fixed on any stable target stand or wall through the fixing seat threaded hole 72 on the right end surface of the fixing seat 7;

[0099] 1.14 Perform an overall inspection of the air shock wave waveform measurement device based on the combined spring probe, and check the targets and details, including: whether the rubber ring 2 slides to contact the probe rear tube 13, whether the device as a whole is horizontal; whether the left end face of the explosion-bearing slider 3 is flush with the left end face of the explosion-bearing front plate 51.

[0100] The above assembly process is as follows Fig.10 shown. Fig.10 (a) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the spring probe 1, the rubber ring 2 and the explosion-bearing slider 3. Fig.10 (b) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the spring probe 1 and the support base 4. Fig.10 (c) is a schematic diagram of the spring probe 1 and the support base 4 after assembly. Fig.10 (d) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the explosion-bearing front plate 51 and the sliding pipe 52. Fig.10 (e) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the slide rail cover 5 and the support base 4. Fig.10 (f) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the housing 6 and the fixing seat 7 and the slide rail cover 5 and the supporting seat 4. Fig.10As shown in (a), first, insert the rubber ring 2 from the left end of the spring probe 1 into the probe front tube 11, slide it to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube 13, and then connect the explosion-bearing slider 3 to the probe front tube threaded hole 1111 through the thread 31 to fix it to the left end of the spring probe 11; then, Fig.10 As shown in (b), M spring probes 1 are sequentially inserted from left to right into the M first through holes 411 on the support base 4; Fig.10 (c) the combined spring probe shown; then, Fig.10 As shown in (d), insert the two ends of the M slide tubes 52 into the M step through holes 511 of the explosion-bearing front plate 51 according to the corresponding positions to complete the assembly of the slide rail cover 5; then, as shown in Fig.10 As shown in (e), the slide rail cover 5 is translated from left to right and nested on the support seat 4. During this process, the explosion-bearing slider 3, together with the spring probe 1 and the rubber ring 2, are inserted into the slide tube 52; finally, as shown in Fig.10 As shown in (f), the assembled slide rail cover 5 and support base 4 are inserted into the outer shell 6 and the fixing base 7 from the left and right sides respectively, and the outer shell 6 and the fixing base 7 are connected together through the outer shell thread 61 and the fixing base thread 71 to complete the assembly of the overall measuring device.

[0101] In the second step, the shock wave waveform is measured using an air shock wave waveform measurement device based on a combined spring probe, the method is:

[0102] 2.1 The explosion point explodes, and the M explosion-bearing sliders 3 accelerate to the right under the impact of the explosion;

[0103] 2.2M explosion-bearing slide blocks 3 compress M probe front tubes 11 respectively, and M probe front tubes 11 compress M springs 12 to the right respectively, and during this process, M probe rear tubes 13 are fixed;

[0104] 2.3 Define the spring probe 1 to which the spring 12 with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs as the first spring probe, let the elastic coefficient of the first spring probe 1 be k1, let the spring probe 1 with the elastic coefficient k1 be the first spring probe 1, let the elastic coefficients of the M spring probes 1 along the counterclockwise direction of the first spring probe 1 be k1, k2, k i , …, k M And k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M, 1≤i≤M;

[0105] 2.4 After the M probe front tubes 11 reach the maximum compression displacement, the M rubber rings 2 rebound together with the probe front tubes 11. The i-th rubber ring 2 (set on the elastic coefficient k i The rebound displacement S of the i-th spring probe 1) i (i.e., the rebound displacement of the i-th spring probe 1) is equal to the maximum compression displacement S of the i-th probe front tube 11finali .

[0106] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the compression and rebound process of the present invention under air shock wave. Fig.11 (a) is a schematic diagram of the initial moment when the explosion impact load acts on the explosion-bearing slider 3, Fig.11 (b) is a schematic diagram of the movement process of the explosion-bearing slider 3, the probe front tube 11 and the connecting block 14 under the action of the explosion impact load. Fig.11 (c) is a schematic diagram showing the maximum compression of the spring 12 when the explosion impact load ends. Fig.11 (d) is a schematic diagram of the movement of the rubber ring 2 along with the probe front tube 11 during the rebound process of the spring 12. Fig.11 (e) is a schematic diagram of further rebound of the spring 12. Fig.11 (f) is a schematic diagram of the maximum displacement of the rubber ring 2 when the spring 12 returns to its initial shape. Fig.11 As shown in (a), at the initial moment of the explosion load, the shock wave acts on the left end surface of the explosion-bearing slider 3, and the probe rear tube 13 is constrained by the support seat 4 and remains stationary; Fig.11 As shown in (b), the explosion-bearing slider 3 is accelerated to the right by the explosion impact, and the explosion-bearing slider 3 pushes the probe front tube 11 and the connecting block 14 to move to the right. The spring 12 is compressed and deformed by the probe front tube 11. At this time, the rubber ring 2 remains in place due to the obstruction of the probe rear tube 13. When the explosion impact load ends, Fig.11 As shown in (c), the probe front tube 11 and the connecting block 14 move to the right to the maximum displacement S final , the spring 12 is compressed to the maximum extent; Fig.11 (d) and Fig.11 As shown in (e), after the explosion impact load ends, the spring 12 rebounds to the left due to its own elasticity and pushes the probe front tube 11 to move to the left. At this time, due to the clamping force of the rubber ring 2 on the probe front tube 11, the rubber ring 2 moves to the left together with the probe front tube 11. When the movement displacement of the spring 12 is S finali Rebound to L1', the rebound displacement is S finali -L1', at this time, the displacement of the probe 11 and the rubber ring 2 to the left is L2'. Since the displacement of the spring 12 rebounding is equal to the displacement of the probe 11 and the rubber ring 2 to the left, S finali -L1'=L2'; Similarly, as the spring 12 rebounds further, S finali -L1"=L2", transform the formula to get S finali =L1'+L2'=L1"+L2"; Fig.11 As shown in (f), the spring 12 returns to its initial shape, the explosion-bearing slider 3, the probe front tube 11, and the connecting block 14 also return to their respective initial positions before the explosion impact load, and the rubber ring 2 moves to the left to the maximum displacement S finaliWhen M spring probes 1 are used, the maximum embedding displacement of each spring probe 1 is denoted as S final1 , S final2 ,…,S finali ,…,S finalM To simplify the representation, each displacement is denoted as S1, S2, ..., S i …、S M .

[0107] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the compression displacement of the combined spring probe of the present invention after being subjected to air shock wave. Since the elastic coefficients of the spring probes 1 are different, the maximum compression displacements of the spring probes 1 under the explosion load are different. The compression displacements of the M spring probes 1 are recorded as S1, S2, ..., S3, ..., S M .

[0108] Step 3: Data recording and processing:

[0109] 3.1 After the explosion, remove the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe from the target stand or the wall, remove the outer shell 6 and the fixing seat 7, and remove the slide rail cover 5;

[0110] 3.2 Count the compression displacements of the probe front tube 11 of the M spring probes 1, and record them as S1, S2, S i ,…,S M ;

[0111] 3.3 Calculate the specific impulse of M explosion-bearing sliders 3 by:

[0112] 3.3.1 Initialize variable i = 1;

[0113] 3.3.2 According to the compression displacement S of the i-th spring probe 1 finali Calculate and obtain the compression potential energy E when the probe front tube 11 of the i-th spring probe 1 reaches the maximum compression displacement i , At this time, the kinetic energy of the i-th explosion-bearing slider 3 is completely converted into the compression potential energy of the i-th spring 12, that is, Therefore, there is m i is the mass of the ith explosion-bearing slider 3, v i is the maximum movement speed of the explosion-bearing slider 3;

[0114] 3.3.3 According to Solve to get the maximum moving speed v of the i-th explosion-bearing slider 3 i , calculate the impulse of the shock wave transmitted to the i-th explosion-bearing slider 3 as m i v i , the specific impulse of the i-th explosive slider 3 is

[0115] 3.3.3 Let i = i + 1. If i>M, it means that the specific impulses I1, ..., I2 of M explosive bearing slide blocks 3 have been calculated. i ,…,I M , go to 3.4; if i≤M, go to 3.3.2.

[0116] 3.4 Fig.13 is the time history curve of each parameter during the probe compression process, Fig.14 is a schematic diagram of the effective impulse of the shock wave on each spring probe 1. According to theoretical analysis, the load history of the i-th explosion-bearing slider 3 under the shock wave pressure is as follows: Fig.13 As shown in the figure, P2(t) is the shock wave pressure time history curve, σ si (t) is the equivalent strength curve of the i-th spring probe 1, (D 3i is the diameter of the i-th explosion-bearing slider 3, such as Fig.13 As shown, S(t) is the compression displacement time history curve of the i-th spring probe 1; analysis shows that when P2(t) = σ si (t), the compression of spring probe 1 reaches the maximum speed, and this moment is defined as t cri , at this time, the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe 1 is After that, the compression speed of the i-th spring probe 1 gradually decreases. Since the duration of the shock wave is very short and t cri After time t, the intensity of the shock wave is low, so it can be considered that the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe 1 is t cri Before time, and t cri After time t, the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe 1 can be ignored, so the effective impulse of the shock wave on the i-th spring probe 1 is t cri The area I of the envelope of the shock wave pressure history curve P2(t) and the time axis before time i ,Right now Fig.14 The area of ​​the shaded part; the moment when the spring probe 1 stops compressing t finali , the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe 1 drops to 0, and its compression displacement reaches the maximum value S finali , according to engineering experience, the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe is According to this formula, the equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 is obtained: Since the equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 different, so the effective impulses I1, I2, I i ,…,I M different;

[0117] 3.5 Equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 is known and the effective impulses I1, I2, I i ,…,I M , solve the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities of the M spring probes 1, and further obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve by averaging the slopes of the lines connecting the two equivalent intensities. The calculation method is:

[0118] 3.5.1 Initialize variable i = 1;

[0119] 3.5.2 Initialize variable j = i + 1;

[0120] 3.5.3 According to the formula Calculate the i-th equivalent strength With the jth equivalent intensity The slope of the line connecting the two ij ;

[0121] 3.5.4 Let j = j + 1. If j > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting the i-th equivalent intensity and the i + 1-M-th equivalent intensity has been calculated (i.e., B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM ), go to 3.5.5; if j≤M, go to 3.5.3;

[0122] 3.5.5 Let i = i + 1. If i>M, it means that the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities between the 1st to the Mth equivalent intensities has been calculated, that is, B 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , …, B M-1·M , go to 3.5.6; if i≤M, go to 3.5.2;

[0123] 3.5.6 To B 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, BiM , …, B M-1·M Calculate the average value to obtain the average slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve;

[0124] 3.6 Equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 The effective impulses I1, I2, I2 of the shock wave on the M spring probes 1 i ,…,I M , the slope B of the shock wave pressure history curve, according to the formula The peak value P of the reverse shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max , according to the formula t d B=(0-P 2_max ) The duration t of the reversed shock wave pressure time history curve d ;

[0125] 3.7 According to the peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max Duration t d , slope B is used to draw the shock wave pressure time history curve, and the air shock wave waveform measurement is completed;

[0126] 3.8 Reset each rubber ring 2 to contact the rear tube 13 of the spring probe, and arrange the measuring device according to the steps in the first step to achieve the reuse of the measuring device.

[0127] Fig.15 This is a waveform curve of the explosion shock wave pressure time history obtained by reverse calculation in an embodiment of the present invention. The main parameters of the embodiment are as follows: M = 5, L1 = 58mm, L 111 =25mm, D1=4mm, d 111 =3mm, l 111 =5mm, L 112 =30mm, L 113 =3mm, d 11 =1.6mm, L 12 =30mm, D 12 =4mm, d 12 =0.5mm, l 12 =3mm, L 13 =33mm, l 132 =3mm, D 13 =5.5mm, d 132 =4mm, d 131 =5mm, t 132 =0.5mm, d 133 =1.6mm, l 133 =1mm, d2=3.8mm, d 21 =0.8mm, D2=5.4mm, D3=8mm and 12mm, L3=3.5mm, D 31=3mm, L 31 =3.5mm, D 41 =60mm, L 41 =5mm, n1=5, R 41 =12.6mm, d 411 =5mm, R 42 =25mm, d 412 =4mm, D 42 =60mm, L 42 =46.5mm, t 42 =1.5mm, D 51 =60mm, L 51 =5mm, n2=5, R 51 =12.6mm, D 512 =10mm and 16mm, l 51 =3.25mm, d 512 =8mm and 12mm, R 52 =25mm, D 513 =4mm, D 522 =10mm and 16mm, d 522 =8mm and 12mm, L 52 =25mm, D 53 =4mm, L 53 =10mm, D6=66mm, d6=60mm, L6=73mm, D 61 =61.5mm, D 62 =40mm, L 62 =1mm, l6=72mm, D7=67mm, L7=43mm, D 71 =61.5mm, L 71 =12mm, D 74 =60mm, L 74 =8mm, D 75 =50mm, L 72 =15mm, D 72 =12mm, R 73 =9.5mm, D 73 =3mm, the explosion-bearing slider 3 is made of aluminum alloy 6061-T6, and the density of the material is ρ3 = 2700kg / m 3 The elastic coefficients k1, k2, k3, k4, and k5 of the combined spring probe 1 are k1=2.60*10 3 N / m, k2=1.72*10 3 N / m, k3=2.31*10 3 N / m, k4=2.84*10 3 N / m, k5=3.49*10 3N / m.

[0128] When the measuring device designed according to the above parameters is used to measure the explosion shock wave impulse, the equivalent TNT equivalent of a certain explosive is 1kg. After the measuring device is assembled, it is placed on a fixed bracket 2m away from the explosive, and the left end of the measuring device is facing the center of the explosive (that is, the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are on the same straight line). After the installation is completed, check whether the left end face of the explosion-bearing slider 3 is flush with the left end face of the explosion-bearing front plate 51 and whether the measuring device is level as a whole, and complete the preparations before measurement; then detonate the explosive, and the spring probe 1 and the rubber ring 2 are compressed to produce compression displacement. After the measurement, the measuring device is disassembled from the fixed bracket and taken out, and the compression displacements S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 of each spring probe 1 are judged to be S1=16.80mm, S2=13.52mm, S3=11.04mm, S4=9.58mm, and S5=7.79mm; then according to the energy conservation relationship The impact speeds v1, v2, v3, v4, and v5 of the explosion-bearing slider 3 can be inferred to be v1 = 21.92 m / s, v2 = 21.50 m / s, v3 = 20.37 m / s, v4 = 19.61 m / s, and v5 = 17.68 m / s; then according to the calculation formula 1≤i≤5, the specific impulses I1, I2, I3, I4, and I5 of the shock wave generated by the explosion of 1kgTNT transmitted to each explosion-bearing slider 3 of the measuring device arranged at a distance of 2m from the explosion are I1=295.92Pa*s, I2=290.22Pa*s, I3=274.95Pa*s, I4=264.79Pa*s, and I5=238.62Pa*s; it is known that the elastic coefficients k1, k2, k3, k4, and k5 of each spring probe 1 are k1=2.60*10 3 N / m, k2=1.72*10 3 N / m, k3=2.31*10 3 N / m, k4=2.84*10 3 N / m, k5=3.49*10 3 N / m, can be calculated according to the formula Get the equivalent strength of each spring probe 1 They are Given I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 and Then, according to the calculation steps in Section 3.5 of the method, the mean slope of the shock wave pressure time history curve is calculated to be B = -726.69 MPa / s; further, according to the formula The peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve is obtained by reverse calculation 2_max, according to the formula t d B=(0-P 2_max ) is inversely deduced to obtain the duration t of the shock wave pressure time history curve d , respectively P 2_max =0.663PMa,t d = 0.912ms, according to the peak value and duration 0, a triangle reverse shock wave curve is drawn, such as Fig.15 As shown in the solid line, the reverse triangle waveform curve is compared with the actual shock wave waveform ( Fig.15 The middle dashed line is the shock wave load curve loaded in this example. Since the explosive equivalent and explosion distance in this example are known, the curves calculated by formulas (1), (4), (11), (13), and (26) in the document "Review of Blast Wave Parameters" are in good agreement, indicating that the measurement results of the present invention are accurate. The impulse measurement method of the present invention has a simple process, a clear physical process, and reliable measurement results. It can be used to measure the shock wave waveform of explosive explosions in standard shooting ranges, field shooting ranges, and other harsher environments, providing a new reference option for shock wave waveform measurement.

[0129] When measuring explosion shock wave waveforms at other locations with different explosive equivalents and different explosion distances, passive measurement of explosion shock wave waveforms can be completed simply, quickly and accurately as long as the air shock wave waveform measurement device based on the combined spring probe of the present invention is used.

[0130] The above embodiment is only one implementation of the present invention. Its specific structure and size can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made (for example, changing the overall appearance of the measuring device from round to square, etc.), which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe, characterized in that The overall shape of the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe is cylindrical, and it is composed of M spring probes (1), M rubber rings (2), M explosion-bearing sliders (3), a support base (4), a slide rail cover (5), a housing (6), and a fixing base (7). M is a positive integer and 3 < M < 10. It is defined that the end of the housing (6) close to the explosion point (8) is the left end of the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe, and the end far from the explosion point (8) is the right end of the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe. The spring probes (1), rubber rings (2), explosion-bearing sliders (3), support base (4), and slide rail cover (5) are located inside the housing (6) and the fixing base (7), and the support base (4), slide rail cover (5), housing (6), and fixing base (7) are coaxially installed. The rubber ring (2) is sleeved on the outer wall of the front probe tube (11) from the left end of the spring probe (1), the explosion-bearing slider (3) is fixed to the left end of the front probe tube (11), and the spring probe (1), rubber ring (2), and explosion-bearing slider (3) are coaxially installed. After the M spring probes (1), M rubber rings (2), and M explosion-bearing sliders (3) are coaxially installed respectively, they are inserted into M first through holes (411) of the middle insertion plate (41) of the support base (4) respectively to form a combined spring probe. The slide rail cover (5) moves from left to right and nests on the left end of the support base (4) through the explosion-bearing slider (3), the housing (6) sleeves the slide rail cover (5) from the left end, the fixing base (7) sleeves the support base (4) from the right end, and the housing (6) and the fixing base (7) are connected by threads. The spring probe (1) is assembled by a front probe tube (11), a spring (12), a rear probe tube (13), and a connecting block (14). The spring probe (1) is used to convert the kinetic energy of the explosion-bearing slider (3) into its own compression displacement. The front probe tube (11), the spring (12), and the rear probe tube (13) are coaxially assembled from left to right. The right thin tube (112) of the front probe tube (11) is inserted into the spring (12) and then inserted into the rear probe tube (13) from left to right, and the right end of the right thin tube (112) is flush with the right end of the rear probe tube (13). The connecting block (14) is fixed to the right end of the right thin tube (112). Under the explosion shock load, the rear probe tube (13) is fixed by the support base (4). When the explosion-bearing slider (3) compresses the front probe tube (11) to the right, the spring (12) located in the rear probe tube (13) undergoes compressive deformation under the rightward movement of the front probe tube (11). When the explosion shock load ends, the spring (12) drives the front probe tube (11) to move to the left due to its own elastic force, and the spring probe (1) returns to its initial shape. The probe front tube (11) is a long rod with a thick left end and a thin right end, and is divided into a thick tube (111) at the left end and a thin tube (112) at the right end. The total length of the probe front tube (11) is L 11 The length of the left end thick tube (111) is L 111 The outer diameter is D1, and the left end of the left end thick tube (111) has a screw hole (1111), and the diameter of the screw hole (1111) is d 111 , the depth is l 111 The screw hole (1111) is used for threaded connection with the right end of the explosion-bearing slider (3); the right end capillary (112) is in the shape of a long rod, and its length is L 112 , the outer diameter is d 11 , d 11 <D1; The spring (12) is made of metal material. The spring probe (1) to which the spring (12) with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs is defined as the first spring probe, and its elastic coefficient is set to be k1. The elastic coefficients of the M spring probes (1) increase in sequence along the counterclockwise direction. The elastic coefficients of the spring probes (1) are defined as k1, k2, ..., k i , …, k M , then k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M; The probe rear tube (13) is a cylinder without a left end surface and with a right end surface. The left end of the probe rear tube (13) has a variable cross-section protrusion, and the outer diameter of the variable cross-section protrusion is D 13 , inner diameter d 132 = D1; the outer diameter of the remaining part of the probe rear tube (13) is d 131 A through hole is dug in the center of the right end surface of the probe rear tube (13) to facilitate the right end capillary (112) of the probe front tube (11) to pass through. The through hole has a diameter d 133 =d 11 ; The connecting block (14) is a disk block with a diameter D 14 = D1, the left end face of the connecting block (14) is welded to the right end face of the right end capillary (112), D 14 Greater than d 133 , so that the probe front tube (11) can only be compressed to the right; The front probe tube (11), the rear probe tube (13), and the connecting block (14) are all made of metal materials to ensure that the spring probe (1) does not produce plastic deformation under shock compression. The rubber ring (2) is used to characterize the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe (1) as its own displacement and is a circular ring; the inner diameter of the rubber ring (2) is d2=D1; the rubber ring (2) is sleeved on the outer wall of the probe front tube (11) from the left end of the spring probe (1) and slides rightward to contact the probe rear tube (13); during the rightward movement of the probe front tube (11), the rubber ring (2) remains stationary due to the obstruction of the probe rear tube (13); when the probe front tube (11) moves leftward due to the elastic force of the spring (12), the rubber ring (2) moves leftward along with the probe front tube (11) due to the clamping force of the rubber ring (2) on the probe front tube (11), and the maximum leftward displacement of the rubber ring (2) is equal to the maximum compression displacement of the probe front tube (11); the rubber ring (2) is made of elastic material to ensure that the rubber ring (2) does not produce plastic deformation during the rightward sliding of the probe front tube (11); The explosion-bearing slider (3) directly bears the effect of the explosion shock wave and converts the local shock wave impulse in the air into its own kinetic energy. The explosion-bearing slider (3) is in the shape of a disk. The diameter of the M explosion-bearing sliders (3) is adjusted according to the actual measurement needs. A section of the explosion-bearing slider screw (31) is processed at the center of the right end of the explosion-bearing slider (3). The explosion-bearing slider screw (31) is inserted into the screw hole (1111) at the left end of the probe front tube (11) and screwed tightly, so that the right end of the explosion-bearing slider (3) is assembled with the spring probe (1). The thread diameter D of the explosion-bearing slider screw (31) is 31 =d 111 The two end surfaces of the explosion-bearing slider (3) are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the spring probe (1); the explosion-bearing slider (3) is made of alloy material or organic glass, so that the explosion-bearing slider (3) does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave; The support seat (4) is used to fix and support the spring probes (1) and to arrange the spring probes (1) in an array; the support seat (4) is composed of an intermediate plug plate (41) and a support tube (42), which are fixed together by epoxy resin adhesive bonding or welding; wherein the intermediate plug plate (41) is in the shape of a circular plate and is mainly used to fix the spring probes (1); the diameter of the intermediate plug plate (41) is D 41 , thickness is L 41 The middle plug plate (41) is axially dug with M first through holes (411) uniformly distributed along the center of the middle plug plate (41), and the centers of the M first through holes (411) are at a radius of R 41 On the inner circle, the probe rear tubes (13) of M spring probes (1) are respectively inserted into M first through holes (411) to fix the spring probes (1), and the distance between the center of the first through hole (411) and the center O of the support seat (4) is equal to R 41 , the diameter of the first through hole (411) is d 411 =d 131 The support tube (42) is a circular tube, which serves to provide movement space for the front tube (11) of the probe, and its inner diameter D 42 =D 41 The support seat (4) is made of hard alloy, so that the support seat (4) does not produce plastic deformation during the compression process of the spring probe (1); The slide rail cover (5) provides a slide rail for the explosion-bearing slider (3) and prevents the spring probe (1) from being directly subjected to the shock wave. The shape of the slide rail cover (5) matches the support seat (4) and is a circular plate. The slide rail cover (5) is composed of a left explosion-bearing front plate (512), a right explosion-bearing front plate (513) and M slide pipes (52). The components are fixed to each other by welding or epoxy resin adhesive. The left explosion-bearing front plate (512) and the right explosion-bearing front plate (513) are completely identical in appearance and are both circular plates. They are used to fix the slide pipe (52) and protect the spring probe (1). The diameter of the left explosion-bearing front plate (512) is D 51 =D 41 The left explosion-bearing front plate (512) is provided with M stepped through holes (511) uniformly distributed along the plate center O' and having steps in the thickness direction. M slide tubes (52) are respectively inserted into the M stepped through holes (511) of the left explosion-bearing front plate (512) and the right explosion-bearing front plate (513), so that the left explosion-bearing front plate (512) and the right explosion-bearing front plate (513) are symmetrically installed at both ends of the slide tube (52); the center of the stepped through hole (511) is at a distance R from the plate center O'. 51 =R 41 , the right end diameter d of the stepped through hole (511) 511 =D3; the slide tube (52) is a circular tube, which functions to provide a sliding track for the explosion-bearing slider (3) and limit the radial movement of the explosion-bearing slider (3); the inner diameter and outer diameter of the slide tube (52) match the size of the step through hole (511), so that the left explosion-bearing front plate (512) is pressed against the left end of the slide tube (52), and the right explosion-bearing front plate 513 is pressed against the right end of the slide tube (52); the left end of the slide tube (52) is flush with the left end surface of the left explosion-bearing front plate (512), and the right end of the slide tube (52) is flush with the right end surface of the right explosion-bearing front plate (513); the slide rail cover (5) is made of hard alloy, and it is required that the slide rail cover (5) does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load; The outer shell (6) is used to load the slide rail cover (5) and the support seat (4), and has a cylindrical shape without a right end face and a left end face. The outer diameter of the outer shell (6) is D6, and the inner diameter d6 = D 41 The right end of the housing (6) is processed with a housing thread (61) for threaded connection with the fixing seat (7). The axial length of the housing thread (61) is L. 61 , diameter D 61 A shell front hole (62) is opened at the center of the left end face. The shell front hole (62) is a through hole. The shell front hole (62) is used to directly expose the left explosion-bearing front plate (512) and the explosion-bearing slider (3) after the device is assembled, so that they can directly bear the shock wave loading. The shell (6) is made of hard alloy, and it is required that the shell (6) does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load; The fixing seat (7) is used to connect the outer shell (6) and fix the whole device on the fixed object through its own fixing seat threaded hole (72). Its shape matches the outer shell (6). Its outer shape is cylindrical, without a left end face, and has a right end face. The inner wall of the left end of the fixing seat (7) is processed with a fixing seat internal thread (71). The fixing seat internal thread (71) matches the outer shell thread (61) at the right end of the outer shell (6). The fixing seat (7) is connected to the outer shell (6) through the fixing seat internal thread (71) to form a cylindrical whole. The fixing seat (7) ) A fixing seat threaded hole (72) is processed at the center of the right end face for fixing the entire measuring device to the screw on the fixing object, and four ventilation holes (73) are processed on the right end face of the fixing seat (7) for connecting the gas in the space enclosed by the measuring housing (6) and the fixing seat (7) with the outside atmosphere to prevent the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the measuring device from affecting the movement of the explosion-bearing slider (3) and the spring probe (1); the fixing seat (7) is made of hard alloy to ensure that the fixing seat (7) does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

2. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that The total length L of the probe front tube (11) of the spring probe (1) 11 satisfies 0.01 < L 11 < 0.3 m; the length L of the left - end thick tube (111) 111 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 111 < 0.6L 11 , the outer diameter D1 satisfies 0.004 m < D1 < 0.05 m, and the diameter d of the screw hole (1111) 111 satisfies 0.3D1 < d 111 < 0.8D1, and the depth l 111 satisfies 0.1D1 < l 111 < 0.5D1; the length L of the right - end thin tube (112) 112 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 112 < 0.6L 11 , and the outer diameter d 11 satisfies 0.2D1 < D1 < 0.9D1; the total length L of the spring (12) 12 satisfies L 12 = L 112 , the inner diameter D 12 = d 11 , the wire diameter d 12 satisfies 0.0005 m < d 12 < 0.005 m, and the pitch l 12 satisfies 0.02L 12 < l 12 < 0.2L 12 ; the length L of the probe rear tube (13) 13 satisfies 1.1L 112 < L 13 < 1.6L 112 , the length l of the variable - cross - section protrusion of the probe rear tube (13) 132 satisfies 0.1L 112 < L 132 < 0.5L 112 , the outer diameter D of the variable - cross - section protrusion 13 satisfies 1.1D1 < D 13 < 1.6D1, and the outer diameter d of the rest of the probe rear tube (13) 131 satisfies 1.05D1 < d 131 < 1.5D1, and the wall thickness t 132 satisfies t 132 =(d 131 - D1) / 2; the thickness l of the right - end face of the probe rear tube (13) 133 satisfies 0.0005 m < l 133 <0.01m; the connecting block (14) is fixed to the right end of the right end capillary (112) by adhesive bonding or welding, and the thickness of the connecting block (14) is L 113 Meet 0.001m <L 14 <0.01m.

3. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that The line diameter d of the rubber ring (2) 21 Meet 0.0003mm <d 21 <0.005mm, outer diameter D2 satisfies D2=d2+2d 21 .

4. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that The diameter D3 of the M explosion-bearing sliders (3) satisfies 0.002 m < D3 < 0.05 m, and the thickness L3 satisfies 0.002 m < L3 < 0.02 m; the thread length L of the explosion-bearing slider screw (31) 31 satisfies 0.2l 111 < L 31 < 0.9l 111 .

5. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that The diameter D of the middle plug plate (41) of the support seat (4) is 41 Meet 0.01m <D 41 <0.1m, thickness L 41 Meet 0.002m <L 41 <0.02m; the distance between the center of the first through hole (411) and the center O of the support seat (4) is equal to R 41 , satisfying 0.1D 41 <R 41 <0.4D 41 ; The length L of the support tube (42) 42 =1.1L1, side wall thickness is t 42 Meet 0.0005m <t 42 <0.01m.

6. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The left explosion-bearing front plate (512) has a thickness L 51 Meet 0.002m <L 51 <0.02m; the left end diameter D of the step through hole (511) 511 Satisfies 1.1D3 <D 511 <1.4D3, depth l 51 Meet 0.3L 51 <l 51 <0.7L 51 ; Sliding tube (52) outer diameter D 522 =D 511 , inner diameter d of the slide tube (52) 522 Satisfy 522 =d 511 , the length of the slide tube (52) is L 52 =L 111 +L3+2l 51 -2L 51 .

7. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that The outer diameter D6 of the housing (6) satisfies D 41 <D6<1.2D 41 , length L6 satisfies 0.6 * (L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 ) < L6 < 0.9 * (L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 ); The axial length L of the outer shell thread (61) 61 satisfies 0.005 m < L 61 < 0.03 m, the diameter D of the outer shell thread (61) 61 = 0.5(D6 + d6), the inner diameter D of the front hole (62) of the outer shell 62 satisfies R 52 + 0.5D3 < D 62 < d6, the thickness L of the left end face of the front hole (62) of the outer shell 62 satisfies 0.001 m < L 62 < 0.02 m.

8. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that The outer diameter D7 of the fixed seat (7) satisfies 1.02D6 < D7 < 1.2D6, the axial length L7 satisfies 0.01 m < L7 < 0.1 m, and the thickness l7 of the right end face of the fixed seat (7) satisfies 0.001 m < l7 < 0.01 m; the diameter D 71 = D 61 of the internal thread (71) of the fixed seat, and the axial length of the internal thread (71) of the fixed seat is L 71 = L 61 ; the diameter D 72 of the threaded hole (72) of the fixed seat satisfies 0.006 m < D 72 < 0.03 m, the distance from the center of the vent hole (73) to the center of the circular plate is R 73 , satisfying 0.2D 75 < R 73 < 0.4D 75 , and the diameter of the vent hole (73) is D 73 , satisfying 0.004 m < D 73 < 0.01 m.

9. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The metal material used for the spring (12) satisfies: yield strength σ 12 > 200 MPa, density ρ 12 > 1 g / cm 3 , elastic coefficient 1 N / m < k < 100000 N / m; the metal materials used for the front probe tube (11), the rear probe tube (13) and the connecting block (14) satisfy: yield strength σ1 > 200 MPa, density ρ1 > 1 g / cm 3 ; the elastic material used for the rubber ring (2) satisfies: yield strength σ2 < 200 MPa, density ρ2 < 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the alloy material or plexiglass used for the explosive-bearing slider (3) satisfies: yield strength σ3 > 200 MPa, density ρ3 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the support base (4) satisfies: yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa, density ρ4 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the slide rail cover (5) satisfies: yield strength σ5 > 200 MPa, density ρ5 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the outer shell (6) satisfies: yield strength σ6 > 200 MPa, density ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the fixing base (7) satisfies: yield strength σ7 > 200 MPa, density ρ7 > 2.0 g / cm 3 .

10. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that The elastic material used for the rubber ring (2) is nitrile or fluorine rubber.

11. A method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: The first step is to install the measuring device: 1.1 Insert the rubber ring (2) from the left end of the spring probe (1) into the probe front tube (11) and slide it to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube (13). Then connect the explosion-bearing slider (3) to the threaded hole 1111 of the probe front tube and fix it to the left end of the probe front tube (11) through the threaded rod 31 of the explosion-bearing slider; 1.2 Insert the M probe rear tubes (13) of the spring probe (1) into the M first through holes (411) of the middle plug plate (41) on the support seat (4) in sequence; 1.3 Insert the two ends of the M sliding tubes (52) into the M stepped through holes (511) of the left explosion-bearing front plate (512) and the M stepped through holes (511) of the right explosion-bearing front plate (513) according to the corresponding positions, and complete the assembly of the slide rail cover (5); 1.4 The slide rail cover (5) is nested on the middle plug plate (41) from left to right, and during this process, the explosion-bearing slider (3) enters the slide tube (52) from the right; 1.5 Insert the slide rail cover (5) and the support seat (4) into the outer shell (6) and the fixing seat (7) from the left and right ends respectively, and connect the outer shell (6) and the fixing seat (7) by using the outer shell thread (61) and the fixing seat internal thread (71), thereby completing the assembly of the measuring device; 1.6 Fix the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe on any stable target stand or wall through the fixing seat threaded hole (72) on the right end surface of the fixing seat (7); 1.7 Perform an overall inspection on the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe, and the inspection targets include: whether the rubber ring (2) slides to contact the probe rear tube (13), whether the device as a whole is level; whether the left end surface of the explosion-bearing sliding block (3) is flush with the left end surface of the explosion-bearing front plate (51); In the second step, the shock wave waveform is measured using an air shock wave waveform measurement device based on a combined spring probe, the method is: 2.1 The explosion point explodes, and the M explosion-bearing sliders (3) accelerate to the right under the impact of the explosion; 2.2M explosion-bearing slide blocks (3) compress M probe front tubes (11) respectively, and the M probe front tubes (11) compress M springs (12) to the right respectively, and during this process, the M probe rear tubes (13) remain stationary; 2.3 Define the spring probe (1) to which the spring (12) with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs as the first spring probe, let the elastic coefficient of the first spring probe (1) be k1, let the elastic coefficients of the M spring probes (1) in the counterclockwise direction of the first spring probe (1) be k1, k2, k i , …, k M And satisfy k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M; 2.4 After the M probe front tubes (11) reach the maximum compression displacement, the M rubber rings (2) rebound together with the probe front tubes (11) and are mounted on the elastic coefficient k i The displacement S of the rebound of the i-th rubber ring (2) on the i-th spring probe (1) i Equal to the maximum compression displacement S of the front tube (11) of the i-th probe finali , S i is equal to the rebound displacement of the i-th spring probe (1); Step 3: Data recording and processing: 3.1 After the explosion is over, the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is removed from the target stand or the wall, the housing (6) and the fixing seat (7) are removed, and the slide rail cover (5) is removed; 3.2 Count the compression displacements of the probe front tube (11) of the M spring probes (1), and record them as S1, S2, S i ,…,S M ; 3.3 Calculate the specific impulse of the M explosion-bearing sliders (3), and obtain the specific impulse I1, ..., I i ,…,I M ; 3.4 Definition P2(t) = σ si The time (t) is t cri , P2(t) is the shock wave pressure time history curve, and the equivalent strength curve of the i-th spring probe (1) is D 3i is the diameter of the ith explosion-bearing slider (3), S(t) is the compression displacement time history curve of the ith spring probe (1); when P2(t) = σ si At (t), the compression of the spring probe (1) reaches the maximum speed. Let the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe (1) be After that, the compression speed of the i-th spring probe (1) gradually decreases; the effective impulse of the shock wave on the i-th spring probe (1) is t cri The area I of the envelope of the shock wave pressure history curve P2(t) and the time axis before time i , until the moment when the spring probe (1) stops compressing t finali , the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe (1) drops to 0, and its compression displacement reaches the maximum value S finali , the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe Based on this, the equivalent strength of M spring probes (1) is obtained: 3.5 Equivalent strength of M spring probes (1) and the effective impulses I1, I2, I i ,…,I M , solve the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent strengths of the M spring probes (1) and obtain B 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , …, B M-1·M , B ij is the i-th equivalent intensity With the jth equivalent intensity The slope of the line connecting the two is 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , …, B M-1·M The average value is calculated to obtain the average slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve; 3.6 Equivalent strength of M spring probes (1) The effective impulses I1, I2, I i ,…,I M , the slope B of the shock wave pressure history curve, according to the formula The peak value P of the reverse shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max , according to the formula t d B=(0-P 2_max ) The duration t of the reversed shock wave pressure time history curve d ; 3.7 According to the peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max Duration t d , slope B is used to draw the shock wave pressure time history curve, and the air shock wave waveform measurement is completed; 3.8 Reset each rubber ring (2) to contact the rear tube (13) of the spring probe, and arrange the measuring device according to the steps in the first step to achieve the reuse of the measuring device.

12. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that The method for calculating the specific impulse of the M explosion-bearing sliders (3) in step 3.3 is: 3.3.1 Initialize variable i = 1; 3.3.2 According to the compression displacement S of the i-th spring probe (1) finali Calculate and obtain the compression potential energy E when the probe front tube (11) of the i-th spring probe (1) reaches the maximum compression displacement i , At this time, the kinetic energy of the i-th explosion-bearing slider (3) is completely converted into the compression potential energy of the i-th spring (12), that is, have m i is the mass of the ith explosion-bearing slider (3), v i is the maximum movement speed of the explosion-bearing slider (3); 3.3.3 According to Solve to get the maximum moving speed v of the ith explosion-bearing slider (3) i , calculate the impulse transmitted by the shock wave to the i-th explosion-bearing slider (3) as m i v i , the specific impulse of the i-th explosive slider (3) is 3.3.3 Let i = i + 1. If i>M, it means that the specific impulses I1, ..., I2 of M explosive bearing slide blocks (3) have been calculated. i ,…,I M , end; if i≤M, go to 3.3.

2.

13. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that The method for solving the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities of the M spring probes (1) in step 3.5, and further obtaining the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve by averaging the slopes of the lines connecting the two equivalent intensities, is: 3.5.1 Initialize variable i = 1; 3.5.2 Initialize variable j = i + 1; 3.5.3 According to the formula Calculate the i-th equivalent strength With the jth equivalent intensity The slope of the line connecting the two ij ; 3.5.4 Let j = j + 1. If j > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting the equivalent strength of the ith value and the equivalent strengths of the i + 1th value to the Mth value has been calculated, that is, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , go to 3.5.5; if j≤M, go to 3.5.3; 3.5.5 Let i = i + 1. If i>M, it means that the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities between the 1st to the Mth equivalent intensities has been calculated, that is, B 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , …, B M-1·M , go to 3.5.6; if i≤M, go to 3.5.2; 3.5.6 To B 12 , B 13 , B 14 , B 15 , …, B 1M , B 23 , B 24 , B 25 , …, B 2M , …, B i,i+1 , …, B ij , …, B iM , …, B M-1·M Calculate the average value and obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve.

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