Air shock wave waveform measuring device and method based on combined spring probe

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of air shock wave waveform measuring device and method based on combination spring probe, purpose is to solve the shortcomings such as existing measurement method post-processing cumbersome, measuring device complex etc..The application is composed of spring probe, rubber ring, blast-proof slider, support seat, slide rail cover, shell, fixed seat.Spring probe, rubber ring, blast-proof slider, support seat, slide rail cover are located in shell and fixed seat, support seat, slide rail cover, shell, fixed seat are coaxially installed;Rubber ring is nested on spring probe from the left end of spring probe, blast-proof slider is fixed in the left end of spring probe, spring probe, rubber ring, blast-proof slider are coaxially installed.The application utilizes blast-proof slider to quantitatively convert shock wave impulse into the pressure displacement degree of combined spring probe and record mark through rubber ring, realizes the quick quantitative passive measurement of explosion field shock wave waveform.The application device is convenient to lay out, reusable, high sensitivity, measurement method is simple and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of air shock wave waveform measurement, specifically relating to a device and method for measuring air shock wave waveforms using the compressive displacement characteristics of spring probes with different strengths. Background Technology

[0002] When explosives detonate in the air, they instantly produce high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-speed explosion products. The surrounding air is directly affected by these products. At the interface between the explosive and the air, the products disperse at extremely high speeds, violently compressing the adjacent air medium like a supersonic piston, causing its pressure, density, and temperature to rise abruptly, forming the initial shock wave. Air shock waves are one of the main factors contributing to the damage and destruction of personnel, equipment, and protective structures caused by munitions explosions. Therefore, the analysis and measurement of shock waves are of great significance in both military and civilian fields.

[0003] In the field of experimental evaluation, since the explosive mass and blast distance of the dynamic explosive ammunition to be evaluated are unknown, the pressure-time history curve of the shock wave generated by the explosion cannot be directly calculated using relevant theories. Therefore, it is necessary to test the waveform curve of the explosion shock wave using active or passive measurement sensors. The main parameters of the shock wave include overpressure peak value, barometric pressure duration, and specific impulse. The shock wave waveform exhibits an exponentially decaying triangular wave. Specific impulse is the pressure impulse per unit area within the blast field, which can be obtained by integrating the pressure in the barometric pressure zone of the shock wave over time. The specific impulse multiplied by the area of ​​the target object gives the impulse. Methods for measuring the pressure and impulse of the shock wave generated by an explosive explosion are generally divided into two types: active measurement and passive measurement. Active measurement primarily relies on various electrical sensors. Electrical sensor measurement technology is relatively mature and currently the most popular method, with a wide variety of high-precision shock wave electrical sensors available on the market. However, in harsh natural environments, such as deserts, plateaus, or islands—where explosion test environments are complex—there are limitations such as the inability to deploy precision electrical measuring devices, high costs, or significant installation difficulties. Furthermore, electromagnetic interference generated during explosive detonation may prevent electrical sensors from acquiring signals, or the acquired signals may be chaotic and have a reduced signal-to-noise ratio, making subsequent analysis and processing very difficult. Therefore, designing a passive sensor for measuring the waveform of an explosive shock wave to improve the reliability and accuracy of shock wave measurement results and reduce experimental difficulty has become a pressing issue for those skilled in the art.

[0004] In existing passive measurement methods, the peak overpressure or impulse of a shock wave is mainly calculated by measuring the deformation, displacement, and velocity of an object after a shock wave load. These methods primarily include the impact pendulum method, the equivalent target plate method, and the contour line method using natural effects. The impact pendulum is a device for indirectly measuring the impulse of a shock wave. Its principle is to convert the impulse to be measured into the angular displacement of the pendulum, and then calculate the shock wave impulse by measuring the angular displacement. It has advantages such as strong anti-interference capability and no need for on-site calibration. However, the equipment's center of mass and impact center are difficult to determine during the experiment, which can easily lead to significant measurement errors. The equivalent target plate method utilizes an effect target (a target structure that has good sensitivity under certain constraints and will produce corresponding plastic deformation under the action of a shock wave) arranged according to a certain pattern in the explosion field to be measured. The shock wave parameters are estimated by measuring the maximum residual plastic deformation or even the breakage of the target plate. In the analysis, the shock wave load acting on the target plate can be equivalent to a uniformly distributed load, and its deformation is also symmetrical. A corresponding inversion model can be established to estimate the shock wave impulse at that location. Its principle is simple and its cost is low. After calibration, the measurement has a certain degree of accuracy. However, its installation constraints are high and the target plate is prone to irregular deformation, resulting in certain errors in actual measurements. The contour method is a method of analyzing the explosive energy by calculating the momentum of momentum blocks driven by the explosion and the velocity of the momentum blocks as they disperse. The general process is to place momentum blocks in a circular pattern at different radii around the explosive. After the shock wave drives the momentum blocks to disperse, the velocity of the momentum blocks is calculated using the imaging results of a high-speed camera. However, the imaging results are easily interfered with by the fireball and strong light after the explosion. The contour method also records the landing point of the momentum blocks after dispersion and then uses the projectile motion principle to reverse the velocity of the momentum blocks based on the landing point. However, the judgment of the landing point has subjective factors, and the measurement results are prone to large errors. Natural effects can only be qualitatively measured by judging the intensity range of the shock wave by observing things like broken pine boards, shattered glass, and the death of small animals after the explosion. This is a qualitative evaluation and is not suitable for large-scale assessment of the destructive power field of an explosion. Furthermore, the aforementioned passive measurement methods can only obtain the overpressure peak value or specific impulse of the explosion shock wave through evaluation, but cannot obtain the shock wave waveform.

[0005] In summary, existing measurement methods have at least the following technical problems:

[0006] 1. Existing active electrical sensors suffer from problems such as electromagnetic interference, high cost, and difficult wiring, and cannot accurately measure shock wave energy in relatively harsh natural environments.

[0007] 2. Most existing passive measurement methods are not accurate enough, while high-precision passive measurement has many drawbacks, such as cumbersome post-measurement procedures, complex measurement systems, and the need for auxiliary measurement equipment.

[0008] 3. Among the equivalent measurement methods, high-precision measurement methods such as the impact pendulum method require auxiliary measurement equipment, which is costly and complex to install; the equivalent target plate method has insufficient measurement accuracy, cannot obtain the shock wave waveform, and is also quite difficult to set up and implement; the contour line method, whether setting up a high-speed camera for shooting and recording or performing back-calculation based on the momentum block landing point, has a certain degree of human reading error, which affects the measurement results.

[0009] In fact, the waveform of a shock wave (overpressure peak value, positive pressure duration, specific impulse) can be obtained by measuring the compressive displacement characteristics of a combined spring probe. When subjected to an impact load, spring probes of different load-bearing specifications convert the impulse of the load into the compression displacement of their own springs. Therefore, the load impulse can be inferred from the spring's compression displacement. Furthermore, the slope of the load waveform can be calculated based on the strength difference between different spring probes, and the peak value and duration of the load can be further inferred. Existing research shows that, with proper design, the compressive displacement characteristics of spring probes are relatively stable and controllable, making them a high-performance load impulse characterization element. Moreover, in terms of technical specifications, after calibration, the load impulse-compression displacement degree exhibits a definite functional relationship; simultaneously, the functional relationship between the spring strength and impulse of spring probes of different specifications is also definite. Therefore, it can be inferred that such characteristics may enable the combined spring probe to be used for quantitative measurement of impulse. Spring probes are generally long cylindrical in shape, and their length and diameter can be designed and manufactured according to requirements. Combinations of spring probes with different spring strengths and structural dimensions can form various specifications of measurement structures that precisely correspond to different impulse-compression displacement degrees, enabling relatively accurate waveform measurements (including overpressure peak value, positive pressure duration, and specific impulse) for shock waves of varying intensities. Furthermore, by designing stable measurement structures, reliable, long-term, and reusable shock wave waveform measurement sensor devices can be manufactured.

[0010] Currently, the compressive displacement characteristics of spring probes are generally used in precision machining, optics, electronics, semiconductors and other micro-machining fields. There is no published literature on using the compressive displacement characteristics of combined spring probes to measure shock wave waveforms. If a passive shock wave waveform measurement device can be designed using combined spring probes and the impulse can be measured using this device, it is expected to solve the technical problems of existing measurement methods. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the difficulties in wiring of the electroactive sensors used in existing active measurement methods, such as the low measurement accuracy caused by electromagnetic interference; as well as the disadvantages in passive measurement methods, such as cumbersome measurement post-processing procedures, complex measurement systems, or the need for electro-measuring equipment for auxiliary measurement. A passive measurement device and method for the shock wave waveform of a combined spring probe under compression deformation are provided. The measurement device provided has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, rapid deployment, convenient post-result processing, and high measurement accuracy. It can be used for the measurement of the explosive shock wave energy in standard ranges, field ranges, and other harsher environments. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform using this measurement device can simply, quickly, and accurately complete the passive measurement of the explosion shock wave waveform in a standard range or a field range, providing a new reference option for shock wave measurement.

[0012] The present invention quantitatively converts the shock wave impulse into the degree of compression displacement of the combined spring probe by using an explosive-bearing slider and records the mark through a rubber ring, thereby achieving rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave waveform in the explosion field.

[0013] The present invention consists of a spring probe, a rubber ring, an explosive-bearing slider, a support seat, a slide rail cover, a housing, and a fixing seat. Define the end of the housing close to the explosion point as the left end of the present invention, and the end far from the explosion point as the right end of the present invention. The spring probe, rubber ring, explosive-bearing slider, support seat, and slide rail cover are located inside the housing and the fixing seat, and the support seat, slide rail cover, housing, and fixing seat are coaxially installed; the rubber ring is nested on the spring probe from the left end of the spring probe, the explosive-bearing slider is fixed to the left end of the spring probe by a thread, and the spring probe, rubber ring, and explosive-bearing slider are coaxially installed; after assembling several spring probes, rubber rings, and explosive-bearing sliders, they are inserted on the support seat to form a combined spring probe; the slide rail cover is nested on the combined probe from the left side, and the housing and the fixing seat encapsulate and fix the device. <000060​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​11 <0.9D1; The diameter of the right end of the probe tube is the same as the diameter of the left end, and the length L 113 Satisfy L 113 =L1-L 111 -L 112 Total length L of the spring 12 Satisfy L 12 =L 112 Inner diameter D 12 Satisfy D 12 =d 11 wire diameter d 12 Satisfying 0.0005m <d 12 <0.005m, pitch l 12 Meets 0.02L 12 <l 12 <0.2L 12 The length L of the probe tube 13 Meets 1.1L 112 <L 13 <1.6L 112 There is a variable cross-section protrusion at the left end of the probe tube, with a length of l. 132 Satisfying 0.1L 112 <L 132 <0.5L 112 Outer diameter D 13 Satisfy 1.1D1 <D 13 <1.6D1, inner diameter d 132 Satisfy d 132 =D1; the outer diameter d of the remaining part of the probe tube 131 Satisfy 1.05D1 <d 131 <1.5D1, wall thickness t 132 Satisfying t 132 =(d 131 -D1) / 2; The right end of the probe tube has a through hole with a diameter d. 133 Satisfy d 133 =d 11 Its depth l 133 Satisfy l 133 =L 13 -l 131 -l 132 The probe front tube, spring, and probe rear tube are coaxially assembled. When the probe front tube is compressed and displaced, the spring undergoes compression deformation. The spring probe is made of metal, and the material must meet the following requirements: yield strength σ1 > 200 MPa, density ρ1 > 1 g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the spring probe does not undergo plastic deformation when subjected to impact compression.

[0015] The rubber ring is used to characterize the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe as its own displacement. It is preferably in the shape of a toroid. The inner diameter is d2, and d2 = D1. The wire diameter is d 21 Satisfying 0.0003 mm < d 21 < 0.005 mm, and the outer diameter is D2, where D2 = d2 + 2d 21 ; The rubber ring is nested on the spring probe from the left end of the spring probe and slides to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube. During the compression of the spring probe, due to the blockage of the probe rear tube, the rubber ring remains stationary in place; when the probe front tube rebounds, due to the clamping force of the rubber ring on the probe front tube, the rubber ring moves to the left together with the probe front tube, and the maximum displacement of the rubber ring is equal to the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe. The rubber ring is made of elastic materials such as nitrile rubber or fluororubber. The material satisfies that no plastic deformation occurs during the sliding process of the rubber ring on the probe front tube. The specific requirements for the material are: the yield strength σ2 < 200 MPa, and the density ρ2 < 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0016] The blast - bearing slider is used to convert the local shock wave impulse in the air into its own momentum. It is preferably in the shape of a cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder part is D3, satisfying 0.002 m < D3 < 0.05 m. The diameter can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs. The length is L3, satisfying 0.002 m < L3 < <0.02 m; A thread is machined at the right end of the blast - bearing slider to assemble it with the spring probe, and its thread diameter D 31 Satisfies D 31 = d 111 , and the length L 31 Satisfies 0.2l 111 < L 31 < 0.9l 111 ; The two end faces of the blast - bearing slider are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the spring probe. There is a friction - free sliding assembly (friction coefficient μ < 0.05) between the blast - bearing slider and the slide rail cover. The blast - bearing slider is made of alloy materials or plexiglass. The material is based on the principle that no plastic deformation occurs under the action of the explosion shock wave. The specific requirements for the material are: the yield strength σ3 > 200 MPa, and the density ρ3 > 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0017] The support base is used to fix and support the spring probe and make it form an array arrangement; The support base consists of an intermediate plug board and a support tube, and the two are fixed together by bonding or welding with epoxy resin glue. Among them, the shape of the intermediate plug board is a circular plate, and its main function is to fix the spring probe. The diameter of the intermediate plug board is D 41 Satisfies 0.01 m < D 41 < 0.1 m, and the thickness is L 41 Satisfies 0.002 m < L 41<0.02 m; There are n1 (3 < n1 < 10) through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate on the intermediate plate for fixing the spring probes. The distance from the center of the through hole to the center of the plate is R 41 Satisfying 0.1D 41 < R 41 <0.4D 41 , and the diameter of the through hole is d 411 Satisfying d 411 = d 131 ; In addition, there are 3 through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate on the inner and outer edges of the intermediate plate for facilitating the assembly with the slide rail cover. The distance from the center of the through hole to the center of the plate is R 42 Satisfying 0.4D 41 < R 42 <0.5D 41 , and the diameter of the through hole is d 412 Satisfying 0.002 m < d 412 <0.01 m. The support tube is in the shape of a circular tube, and its main function is to provide enough movement space for the front tube of the probe. Its diameter is D 42 Satisfying D 42 = D 41 , and the length is L 42 Satisfying L 42 = 1.1L1, and the thickness is t 42 Satisfying 0.0005 m < t 42 <0.01 m. The support base is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa, density ρ4 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the support base does not produce plastic deformation during the compression process of the probe.

[0018] The slide rail cover is used to provide a slide rail for the detonation-bearing slider and prevent the spring probe from directly bearing the shock wave. Its shape matches the support base and is composed of a detonation front plate, a slide tube and a positioning pin. Each component is fixed to each other by welding or epoxy resin bonding. Among them, the detonation front plate is in the shape of a circular plate, and its main function is to fix the slide tube and protect the spring probe. The diameter of the detonation front plate is D 51 Satisfying D 51 = D 41 , and the thickness is L 51 Satisfying 0.002 m < D 41 <0.02 m; The detonation front plate is processed with n2 (n2 = n1) through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate and having steps in the thickness direction. The distance from the center of the stepped through hole to the center of the plate is R 51 Satisfying R 51 = R 41 , the left end diameter of the stepped through hole is D 512 Satisfying 1.1D3 < d 512 <1.4D3, and the depth is l 51Meets 0.3L 51 <l 51 <0.7L 51 The diameter of the right end of the stepped through hole is d. 512 Satisfy d 512 =D3; where d is the diameter of the right end of the n2 stepped through holes. 512 The holes may differ and adjustments can be made based on actual measurement requirements; the explosion-proof front plate has three through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate, machined on both its inner and outer edges, to facilitate assembly with the support base. The distance from the center of the through hole to the center of the plate is R. 52 Satisfy R 52 =R 42 The diameter of the through hole is D 513 Satisfy D 513 =d 412 The slide tube is cylindrical in shape and its main function is to provide a sliding track for the explosive-bearing slider and restrict its radial movement. The dimensions of the n2 slide tubes can be different, and their inner and outer diameters are determined by the size of the stepped through hole in the front plate of the explosive-bearing plate (for example, the outer diameter D of the slide tube). 522 Satisfy D 522 =D 512 inner diameter d of the slide tube 522 Satisfy d 522 =d 512 The length of the slide tube is L. 52 Satisfy = L 111 +L3+2l 51 -2L 51 The locating pin is cylindrical in shape and its main function is to align the outer through holes of the explosion-proof front plate and the intermediate insert plate to achieve a mutual fixing effect; the diameter of the locating pin is D. 53 Satisfy D 53 =D 513 The length is L 53 Satisfy L 53 =2L 51 The slide rail cover is made of hard alloy, and the material requirements are: yield strength σ5 > 200MPa, density ρ5 > 2.0g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the slide rail cover does not undergo plastic deformation under shock wave load.

[0019] The outer shell is used to house other components. It is round in shape and has an outer diameter of D6 that satisfies D. 41 <D6<1.2D 41 The inner diameter is d6, which satisfies d6 = D. 41 The length L6 satisfies 0.6*(L 41 +L 42 +L 51 +L 52 ) <L6<0.9*(L 41 +L 42 +L 51+L 52 ) A section of external thread is machined at the right end of the housing, and the length of the external thread in the radial direction is L 61 Satisfying 0.005 m < L 61 < 0.03 m, and the diameter of the external thread is D 61 Satisfying D 61 = 0.5(D6 + d6); The left end of the housing is a circular ring, and the inner diameter of the circular ring is D 62 Satisfying R 52 + 0.5D3 < D 62 < d6, and the axial thickness of the circular ring is L 62 Satisfying 0.001 m < L 62 < 0.02 m. The housing is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet the following: yield strength σ6 > 200 MPa, density ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the housing does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0020] The fixing seat is used to connect the housing and fix the overall device. Its shape matches the housing, and the outer shape is cylindrical; the outer diameter of the fixing seat is D7, satisfying 1.02D6 < D7 < 1.2D6, and the axial length is L7, satisfying 0.01 m < L7 < 0.1 m; an internal thread is machined by internal insertion at the left end of the fixing seat, and the thread diameter is D 71 Satisfying D 71 = D 61 , and the axial length of the thread is L 71 Satisfying L 71 = L 61 ; There are two steps along the inner wall on the right side of the internal thread. The diameter of the first step is D 74 Satisfying D 74 = D 41 , and the length is L 74 Satisfying L 74 = L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 - 2l 51 - l6, and the diameter of the second step is D 75 Satisfying 0.7D 74 < D 75 < D 74 , and the length is L 75 Satisfying 0.001 m < L 75 < 0.01 m; The right end of the fixing seat is a circular plate with a circular hole, and the thickness of the circular plate is L 72 Satisfying 0.001 m < L 72 < 0.01 m, and a fixing seat threaded hole is machined at the center of the circular plate for fixing the overall measuring device. The diameter of the fixing seat threaded hole is D 72 Satisfying 0.006 m < D 72<0.03m, and in addition, four ventilation holes are machined on the circular plate, with the center of the ventilation hole being R from the center of the circular plate. 73 Satisfy 0.2D 75 <R 73 <0.4D 75 The diameter of the vent is D 73 Satisfying 0.004m <D 73 <0.01m. The mounting base is made of hard alloy, and the material must meet the following requirements: yield strength σ7 > 200MPa, density ρ7 > 2.0g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the fixed seat does not produce plastic deformation under shock wave load.

[0021] The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe is as follows:

[0022] Step 1: Install the measuring device.

[0023] 1.1 After nesting the rubber ring on the probe front tube from the left end of the spring probe, slide it to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube. Then, connect the explosion-proof slider to the threaded hole of the probe front tube through the explosion-proof slider threaded rod and fix it to the left end of the probe front tube.

[0024] 1.2 Insert the M probe tubes of the spring probe into the M first through holes of the middle insert plate on the support base in sequence;

[0025] 1.3 Insert both ends of the M sliding tubes into the M stepped through holes of the left blast-bearing front plate and the M stepped through holes of the right blast-bearing front plate respectively, according to their corresponding positions, to complete the assembly of the sliding rail cover;

[0026] 1.4 Insert the slide rail cover into the middle insert plate from left to right. During this process, the explosion-proof slider enters the slide tube from the right.

[0027] 1.5 Insert the slide rail cover and support seat into the outer shell and the fixed seat from the left and right ends respectively. The outer shell and the fixed seat are connected by the outer shell thread and the fixed seat internal thread to complete the assembly of the measuring device.

[0028] 1.6 The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is firmly fixed to any stable target frame or wall through the fixed seat thread hole on the right end face of the fixed seat;

[0029] 1.7 Conduct an overall inspection of the air shock wave waveform measurement device based on the combined spring probe, including the following: whether the rubber ring has slid to contact the probe's rear tube, whether the device as a whole is level, and whether the left end face of the explosion-proof slider is flush with the left end face of the explosion-proof front plate.

[0030] The second step involves measuring the shock wave waveform using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe. The method is as follows:

[0031] 2.1 When the explosion point explodes, the M explosion-bearing sliders are accelerated to the right by the impact of the explosion;

[0032] 2.2M explosive-bearing sliders compress M probe front tubes respectively, and the M probe front tubes compress M springs to the right respectively. During this process, the M probe rear tubes remain fixed.

[0033] 2.3 Define the spring probe to which the spring with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs as the first spring probe, let the elastic coefficient of the first spring probe be k1, let the spring probe with elastic coefficient k1 be the first spring probe, and let the elastic coefficients of the M spring probes in the counterclockwise direction along the first spring probe be k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9, k1, k10, k11, k12, k13, k14, k15, k16, k17, k18, k19 ... i ..., k M And k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M, 1≤i≤M;

[0034] After the 2.4M probe front tubes reach their maximum compressive displacement, the M rubber rings rebound along with the probe front tubes. The i-th rubber ring (fitted on a tube with an elastic modulus of k) i The displacement S of the spring on the i-th spring probe i (That is, the rebound displacement of the i-th spring probe) is equal to the maximum compression displacement S of the front tube of the i-th probe. finali .

[0035] The third step is data recording and processing:

[0036] 3.1 After the explosion, remove the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe from the target frame or wall, remove the outer shell and the mounting base, and remove the slide rail cover;

[0037] 3.2 Statistically record the probe tube compression displacements of M spring probes as S1, S2, S... i S M ;

[0038] 3.3 The specific impulse of M explosive-bearing sliders is calculated as follows:

[0039] 3.3.1 Initialize variable i = 1;

[0040] 3.3.2 Based on the compression displacement S of the i-th spring probe finali The compressive potential energy E of the probe front tube of the i-th spring probe 1 when it reaches the maximum compressive displacement is calculated. i , Since at this moment, the kinetic energy of the i-th explosive block is entirely converted into the compressive potential energy of the i-th spring, that is... Therefore, there is m i Let v be the mass of the i-th explosive block. iThis represents the maximum speed of the explosive-bearing slider.

[0041] 3.3.3 According to The maximum velocity v of the i-th explosive block is obtained. i The impulse transmitted by the shock wave to the i-th explosive-bearing slider is calculated as m. i v i The specific impulse of the i-th explosive block is

[0042] 3.3.3 Let i = i + 1. If i > M, it means that the specific impulse I1, ..., I of the M explosive blocks has been calculated. i , ..., I M If i ≤ M, go to 3.4; if i ≤ M, go to 3.3.2.

[0043] 3.4 According to theoretical analysis, P2(t) is the shock wave pressure time history curve, σ si (t) represents the equivalent strength curve of the i-th spring probe. (D 3i Let S(t) be the diameter of the i-th explosive-bearing slider 3, and S(t) be the compression displacement time history curve of the i-th spring probe; analysis shows that when P2(t) = σ si At time (t), the spring probe reaches its maximum compression speed; this moment is defined as t_0. cri At this point, the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe is Afterwards, the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe gradually decreases. Because the duration of the shock wave is very short, and t... cri After time t, the shock wave intensity is lower, so the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe can be considered to be t. cri Before that moment, and t cri After time t, the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe is negligible; therefore, the effective impulse of the shock wave on the i-th spring probe is t. cri The area I of the shock wave pressure time history curve P2(t) and the time axis before time step [t]. i ; until the spring probe stops compressing at time t finali When the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe drops to 0, its compression displacement reaches its maximum value S. finali Based on engineering experience, the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe The equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 can be obtained from this formula. Due to the equivalent strength of M spring probes The effective impulses I1, I2, and I3 of the shock wave on the M spring probes 1 are different, therefore... i ... I M different;

[0044] 3.5 Given the equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 The effective impulses I1, I2, and I of the shock wave on the M spring probes 1 i ... I M To determine the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent strengths among the M spring probes, and further obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve by averaging the slopes of the lines connecting the two equivalent strengths, the calculation method is as follows:

[0045] 3.5.1 Initialize variable i = 1;

[0046] 3.5.2 Initialize variable j = i + 1;

[0047] 3.5.3 According to the formula The i-th equivalent strength is calculated. With the j-th equivalent strength The slope B of the line connecting the two sides ij ;

[0048] 3.5.4 Let j = j + 1. If j > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting the i-th equivalent strength and the (i+1)-M-th equivalent strengths has been calculated (i.e., B). i,i+1 B ij B iM If j ≤ M, go to 3.5.5; if j ≤ M, go to 3.5.3;

[0049] 3.5.5 Let i = i + 1. If i > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent strengths between the 1st and Mth equivalent strengths has been calculated, i.e., B has been obtained. 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M B i,i+1 B ij B iM B M-1·M Go to 3.5.6; if i≤M, go to 3.5.2;

[0050] 3.5.6 to B 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M Bi,i+1 B ij B iM B M-1·M Find the mean value to obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve;

[0051] 3.6 Equivalent strength using M spring probes The effective impulses I1, I2, and I of the shock wave on the M spring probes i ... I M The slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve is calculated according to the formula. (because Minimum, P 2_max and The greater the difference in strength between them, the larger the area of ​​the trapezoid enclosed between them (I1), and consequently, the greater the difference in strength (P). 2_max The smaller the error, the better. (The best reverse calculation effect) The peak value P of the reverse-calculated shock wave pressure time history curve. 2_max According to the formula t d ·B=(0-P 2_max ) Determine the duration t of the shock wave pressure time history curve d ;

[0052] 3.7 Based on the peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max Duration t d Plot the shock wave pressure time history curve with slope B to complete the air shock wave waveform measurement.

[0053] 3.8 Reset each rubber ring to contact the rear tube of the spring probe, and set up the measuring device according to the steps in step one to realize the reuse of the measuring device.

[0054] The following technical effects can be achieved by using this invention:

[0055] 1. The measurement method of this invention is based on the principle of momentum and energy conversion, converting the impulse of the shock wave into the momentum of the explosion-bearing slider. The explosion-bearing slider compresses the spring probe. When the spring probe is compressed to its maximum displacement, the rubber ring rebounds along with the probe front tube. The rebound displacement of the rubber ring is the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe. The effective impulse of the shock wave acting on each spring probe is obtained by back-calculating the maximum compression displacement of the spring probe. Combined with the equivalent strength of each spring probe, the slope of the shock wave pressure time history curve is obtained by back-calculating. Furthermore, the peak value and duration of the shock wave pressure time history curve are obtained. Finally, the shock ratio pressure time history waveform curve is plotted. This method is simple, intuitive and reliable.

[0056] 2. The measuring device of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to assemble, is small in size, requires no power supply, is convenient to deploy and use, provides simple and intuitive results, and has low operating costs;

[0057] 3. The measuring device of the present invention can be installed once and used multiple times; only the explosion-proof slider and the reset rubber ring need to be reassembled during the process.

[0058] 4. Compared with traditional measuring devices, the measuring device of the present invention can greatly increase the deployment scale, obtain more measurement data, and increase the reliability, accuracy and stability of the measurement of shock wave parameters in the explosion field. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) is a three-dimensional overall structural diagram of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 1 (b) is an axial (AA direction) sectional view of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 This is an exploded axial view of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spring probe 1. Figure 3 (a) is a three-dimensional front view of the spring probe 1. Figure 3 (b) is a front cross-sectional view of spring probe 1. Figure 3 (c) is an exploded axial view of spring probe 1. Figure 3 (d) is a cross-sectional view of the components of spring probe 1.

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of rubber ring 2. Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rubber ring 2. Figure 4 (b) is a top view of rubber ring 2. Figure 4 (c) is a side view of rubber ring 2.

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the explosion-proof slider 3. Figure 5 (a) is the front view of the explosion-proof slider 3. Figure 5 (b) is an axial sectional view of the explosion-proof slider 3.

[0064] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support base 4. Figure 6 (a) is a three-dimensional structural front view of support 4. Figure 6 (b) is an exploded view of the support 4 along its axis. Figure 6 (c) is a left view of the middle insert plate 41. Figure 6 (d) is a side view of the intermediate insert plate 41. Figure 6 (e) is an axial sectional view of the support tube 42.

[0065] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (a) is a three-dimensional front view of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (b) is an exploded axial view of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (c) is a top view of the explosion-proof front plate 51. Figure 7 (d) is Figure 7 (c) Sectional view of the front plate 51 of the explosion-proof bearing along the AA direction. Figure 7 (e) is an axial sectional view of the slide tube 52.

[0066] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural front view of the outer shell 6. Figure 8 (a) is an axial sectional three-dimensional structural front view of the outer shell 6. Figure 8 (b) is an axial sectional view of the outer casing 6.

[0067] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed base 7. Figure 9 (a) is a three-dimensional axial sectional view of the fixed base 7. Figure 9 (b) is an axial sectional view of the fixed seat 7.

[0068] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural assembly process of the present invention. Figure 10 (a) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the spring probe 1, the rubber ring 2, and the explosion-proof slider 3. Figure 10 (b) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the spring probe 1 and the support base 4. Figure 10 (c) is a schematic diagram of the spring probe 1 and the support base 4 after assembly. Figure 10 (d) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the explosion-proof front plate 51 and the sliding tube 52. Figure 10 (e) is an assembly diagram of the slide rail cover 5 and the support base 4. Figure 10 (f) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the outer shell 6 and the fixed seat, the slide rail cover 5 and the support seat 4.

[0069] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the compression and rebound process of the present invention under the influence of air shock waves. Figure 11 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the initial moment when the explosive impact load is applied to the explosion-bearing slider 3. Figure 11 (b) is a schematic diagram of the movement process of the explosion-bearing slider 3, the probe front tube 11, and the connecting block 14 under the action of explosive impact load. Figure 11 (c) is a schematic diagram showing that spring 12 is compressed to its maximum extent when the explosive impact load ends. Figure 11 (d) is a schematic diagram showing the movement of the rubber ring 2 along with the probe front tube during the spring 12's rebound process. Figure 11 (e) is a schematic diagram of the further rebound of spring 12. Figure 11 (f) is a schematic diagram of the maximum displacement of the rubber ring when the spring 12 returns to its initial shape.

[0070] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the compression displacement of the combined spring probe 1 after being subjected to an air shock wave according to the present invention.

[0071] Figure 13 It is a time history curve of various parameters during probe compression.

[0072] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the effective impulse of the shock wave on each spring probe.

[0073] Figure 15 This is a time history waveform curve of the explosion shock wave obtained by reverse engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0075] 1. Spring probe, 11. Probe front tube, 111. Left end thick tube, 1111. Probe front tube threaded hole, 112. Right end thin tube, 12. Spring, 13. Probe rear tube, 14. Connecting block, 2. Rubber ring, 3. Explosion-proof slider, 31. Explosion-proof slider screw, 4. Support seat, 41. Intermediate insert plate, 411. First through hole, 42. Support tube, 5. Slide rail cover, 51. Explosion-proof front plate, 511. Stepped through hole, 512. Left explosion-proof front plate, 513. Right explosion-proof front plate, 52. Slide tube, 6. Outer shell, 61. Outer shell thread, 62. Outer shell front hole, 7. Fixing seat, 71. Fixing seat internal thread, 72. Fixing seat threaded hole, 73. Vent hole. Detailed Implementation

[0076] To facilitate understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0077] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) is a three-dimensional overall structural diagram of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 1 (b) is an axial (AA direction) sectional view of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 2 This is an exploded axial view of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) Figure 1 (b) and Figure 2As shown, the present invention is generally cylindrical in shape and consists of M spring probes 1, M rubber rings 2, M detonation-bearing sliders 3, a support base 4, a slide rail cover 5, a housing 6, and a fixing base 7, where M is a positive integer and 3 < M < 10. The end of the housing 6 close to the detonation point 8 is defined as the left end of the present invention, and the end far from the detonation point 8 is defined as the right end of the present invention. The spring probes 1, rubber rings 2, detonation-bearing sliders 3, support base 4, and slide rail cover 5 are located inside the housing 6 and the fixing base 7, and the support base 4, slide rail cover 5, housing 6, and fixing base 7 are coaxially installed; the rubber ring 2 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the front probe tube 11 from the left end of the spring probe 1, and the detonation-bearing slider 3 (fixed to the front probe tube 11 of the spring probe 1 through the detonation-bearing slider screw 31 and the threaded hole 1111 of the front probe tube) is fixed to the left end of the front probe tube 11, and the spring probe 1, rubber ring 2, and detonation-bearing slider 3 are coaxially installed; after the M spring probes 1, M rubber rings 2, and M detonation-bearing sliders 3 are coaxially installed respectively, they are inserted into M first through holes 411 of the middle insertion plate 41 of the support base 4 respectively to form a combined spring probe; the slide rail cover 5 moves from left to right and nests in the left end of the support base 4 through the detonation-bearing slider 3, the housing 6 is sleeved on the slide rail cover 5 from the left end, the fixing base 7 is sleeved on the support base 4 from the right end, and the housing 6 and the fixing base 7 are connected by threads.

[0078] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the spring probe 1. Figure 3 (a) is a front three-dimensional structural view of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (b) is a front sectional view of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (c) is an axial detonation view of the spring probe 1, Figure 3 (d) is a sectional dimension schematic view of each component of the spring probe 1. As Figure 3 (c) shows, the spring probe 1 is assembled by a front probe tube 11, a spring 12, a rear probe tube 13, and a connecting block 14. The spring probe 1 is used to convert the kinetic energy of the detonation-bearing slider 3 into its own compression displacement. The front probe tube 11, spring 12, and rear probe tube 13 are coaxially assembled from left to right. The right thin tube 112 of the front probe tube 11 is inserted into the spring 12 and then inserted into the rear probe tube 13 from left to right, and the right end of the right thin tube 112 is flush with the right end of the rear probe tube 13; the connecting block 14 is fixed to the right end of the right thin tube 112 by means of adhesive bonding or welding. Under the detonation shock load, the rear probe tube 13 is fixed by the support base 4. When the detonation-bearing slider 3 compresses the front probe tube 11 to the right, the spring 12 in the rear probe tube 13 undergoes compression deformation under the rightward movement of the front probe tube 11; when the detonation shock load ends, the spring 12 drives the front probe tube 11 to move leftward due to its own elastic force, and the spring probe 1 returns to its initial shape.

[0079] The front probe tube 11 is a long rod with a thick left end and a thin right end, and is divided into a left thick tube 111 and a right thin tube 112. The total length L of the front probe tube 11 11 satisfies 0.01 < L 11< 0.3 m; the length L of the thick tube 111 at the left end 111 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 111 < 0.6L 11 , the outer diameter D1 satisfies 0.004 m < D1 < 0.05 m. There is a screw hole 1111 at the left end of the thick tube 111 at the left end, and the diameter d of the screw hole 1111 111 satisfies 0.3D1 < d 111 < 0.8D1, and the depth l 111 satisfies 0.1D1 < l 111 < 0.5D1. The screw hole 1111 is used for threaded connection with the right end of the detonation-bearing slider 3; the thin tube 112 at the right end is in the shape of a long rod, and its length L 112 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 112 < 0.6L 11 , and the outer diameter d 11 satisfies 0.2D1 < d 11 < 0.9D1.

[0080] The total length L of the spring 12 12 satisfies L 12 = L 112 , and the inner diameter D 12 satisfies D 12 = d 11 , and the wire diameter d 12 satisfies 0.0005 m < d 12 < 0.005 m, and the pitch l 12 satisfies 0.02L 12 < l 12 < 0.2L 12 . The spring 12 is made of a metal material, and the material is required to satisfy: the yield strength σ 12 > 200 MPa, and the density ρ 12 > 1 g / cm 3 , and the elastic coefficient 1 N / m < k < 100000 N / m; define the spring probe 1 to which the spring 12 with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs as the first spring probe, and its elastic coefficient is k1. The elastic coefficients of M spring probes 1 increase in sequence in the counterclockwise direction. Define the elastic coefficients of each spring probe 1 as k1, k2, …, k i 、…、k M , then there is k1 < k2 < … < k i < … < k M , 1 ≤ i ≤ M.

[0081] The probe rear tube 13 is a cylinder without a left end face and with a right end face, and the length L 13 satisfies 1.1L 112 < L 13 < 1.6L 112There is a variable cross-section protrusion at the left end of the probe tube 13, and the length of the variable cross-section protrusion is l. 132 Satisfying 0.1L 112 <L 132 <0.5L 112 The outer diameter D of the variable cross-section protrusion 13 Satisfy 1.1D1 <D 13 <1.6D1, inner diameter d 132 Satisfy d 132 =D1; the outer diameter d of the remaining part of the probe tube 13 131 Satisfy 1.05D1 <d 131 <1.5D1, wall thickness t 132 Satisfying t 132 =(d 131 -D1) / 2; A through hole is drilled at the center of the right end face of the probe rear tube 13 so that the right end of the thin tube 112 of the probe front tube 11 can pass through. The diameter of the through hole is d. 133 Satisfy d 133 =d 11 Its right end face thickness l 133 Satisfying 0.0005m <l 133 <0.01m.

[0082] Connecting block 14 is a disk block with a diameter of D. 14 Satisfy D 14 =D1, thickness L 113 Satisfying 0.001m <L 14 <0.01m. The left end face of the connecting block 14 is welded to the right end face of the right end thin tube 112. Since the diameter D of the connecting block 14... 14 The diameter d of the center through hole on the right end face of the probe tube 13 is greater than the diameter of the probe tube 13. 133 This allows the probe front tube 11 to compress only to the right.

[0083] The probe front tube 11, probe rear tube 13, and connecting block 14 are all made of metal, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ1 > 200 MPa, density ρ1 > 1 g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the spring probe 1 does not undergo plastic deformation when subjected to impact compression.

[0084] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of rubber ring 2. Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rubber ring 2; Figure 4 (b) is a top view of rubber ring 2; Figure 4 (c) is a side view of the rubber ring 2. The rubber ring 2 is used to characterize the maximum compressive displacement of the spring probe 1 as its own displacement, and is preferably a circular ring. Figure 4 As shown in (b) and 4(c), the inner diameter of the rubber ring 2 is d2, which satisfies d2=D1, and the wire diameter is d. 21, satisfying 0.0003 mm < d 21 <0.005 mm, with an outer diameter of D2, satisfying D2 = d2 + 2d 21 ; The rubber ring 2 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the probe front tube 11 from the left end of the spring probe 1 and slides to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube 13. During the rightward movement of the probe front tube 11, due to the blockage of the probe rear tube 13, the rubber ring 2 remains stationary. When the probe front tube is moving leftward under the elastic force of the spring 12, due to the clamping force of the rubber ring 2 on the probe front tube 11, the rubber ring moves leftward together with the probe front tube 11, and the maximum leftward displacement of the rubber ring 2 is equal to the maximum compression displacement of the probe front tube 11. The rubber ring 2 is made of elastic materials such as nitrile or fluororubber, and the materials should satisfy that the rubber ring 2 does not produce plastic deformation during the rightward sliding process of the probe front tube, and the specific requirements are that the yield strength σ2 < 200 MPa and the density ρ2 < 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0085] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the explosion-bearing slider 3 Figure 5 (a) is the front view of the explosion-bearing slider 3 Figure 5 (b) is the axial sectional view of the explosion-bearing slider 3. As Figure 5 (a) shows, the explosion-bearing slider 3 directly bears the action of the explosion shock wave and converts the local shock wave impulse in the air into its own kinetic energy. It is disc-shaped, and the diameters of M explosion-bearing sliders 3 can be different. The disc diameter is D3, satisfying 0.002 m < D3 < 0.05 m, and the diameter can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs, as long as it is within the range of 0.002 m < D3 < 0.05 m. The disc thickness is L3, satisfying 0.002 m < L3 < 0.02 m; A section of explosion-bearing slider screw 31 is machined at the center of the right end of the explosion-bearing slider 3. The explosion-bearing slider screw 31 is inserted into the screw hole 1111 at the left end of the probe front tube 11 and tightened by threading, so that the right end of the explosion-bearing slider 3 is assembled with the spring probe 1. The thread diameter D 31 satisfies D 31 = d 111 , and the length L 31 satisfies 0.2l 111 < L 31 < 0.9l 111 ; The two end faces of the explosion-bearing slider 3 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the spring probe 1. The explosion-bearing slider 3 is made of alloy materials or plexiglass, and the materials should meet the principle that the explosion-bearing slider 3 does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave. The specific requirements are that the yield strength σ3 > 200 MPa and the density ρ3 > 2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0086] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the support seat 4 Figure 6(a) is a three-dimensional structural front view of support 4. Figure 6 (b) is an exploded view of the support 4 along its axis. Figure 6 (c) is a left view of the middle insert plate 41. Figure 6 (d) is a side view of the intermediate insert plate 41. Figure 6 (e) is an axial sectional view of the support tube 42. The support base 4 is used to fix and support the spring probes 1, and to arrange the spring probes 1 in an array. The support base 4 consists of an intermediate insert plate 41 and a support tube 42, which are fixed together by epoxy resin adhesive or welding. The intermediate insert plate 41 is circular in shape and its main function is to fix the spring probes 1. The diameter of the intermediate insert plate 41 is D. 41 Satisfying 0.01m <D 41 <0.1m, thickness L 41 Satisfying 0.002m <L 41 <0.02m; The intermediate insert plate 41 has M first through holes 411 evenly distributed along the center of the intermediate insert plate 41 along the axial direction (the center of the M first through holes 411 is in a radius of R). 41 On the inner ring), the probe tubes 13 of M spring probes 1 are respectively inserted into M first through holes 411 to fix the spring probes 1. The distance from the center of the first through hole 411 to the center O of the support 4 is equal to R. 41 Satisfying 0.1D 41 <R 41 <0.4D 41 The diameter of the first through hole 411 is d 411 , satisfying d 411 =d 131 The support tube 42 is a circular tube, whose main function is to provide sufficient movement space for the probe front tube 11. Its inner diameter is D. 42 Satisfying D 42 =D 41 The length is L 42 Satisfying L 42 =1.1L1, sidewall thickness is t 42 Satisfying 0.0005m <t 42 <0.01m. Support base 4 is made of hard alloy, and the material must meet the following requirements: yield strength σ4 > 200MPa, density ρ4 > 2.0g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the support 4 does not undergo plastic deformation during the compression of the spring probe 1.

[0087] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (a) is a three-dimensional front view of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (b) is an exploded axial view of the slide rail cover 5. Figure 7 (c) is a left view of the explosion-proof front plate 51; Figure 7 (d) is Figure 7 (c) Sectional view along the AA direction (i.e., axial direction). Figure 7 (e) is an axial sectional view of the slide tube 52. The slide rail cover 5 provides a slide rail for the blast-resistant slider 3 and prevents the spring probe 1 from directly bearing the shock wave. Its shape matches the support base 4 and is a circular plate. The slide rail cover 5 consists of two blast-resistant front plates 51 (i.e., the left blast-resistant front plate 512 and the right blast-resistant front plate 513) and M slide tubes 52. The components are fixed to each other by welding or epoxy resin adhesive. Among them, the left blast-resistant front plate 512 and the right blast-resistant front plate 513 are exactly the same in shape, both being circular plates. Their main function is to fix the slide tubes 52 and protect the spring probe 1. The diameter of the left blast-resistant front plate 512 is D. 51 Satisfying D 51 =D 41 Thickness L 51 It meets the requirement of 0.002m <L 51 <0.02m; M stepped through holes 511, evenly distributed along the center O' of the left blast-bearing front plate 512, are excavated in the surface. M sliding tubes 52 are inserted into the M stepped through holes 511 of the left blast-bearing front plate 512 and the right blast-bearing front plate 513, respectively, so that the left blast-bearing front plate 512 and the right blast-bearing front plate 513 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the sliding tubes 52; the distance from the center of the stepped through hole 511 to the center O' of the plate is R. 51 Satisfying R 51 =R 41 The diameter of the left end of the stepped through hole 511 is D. 511 Satisfying 1.1D3 <D 511 <1.4D3, depth l 51 0.3L 51 <l 51 <0.7L 51 The diameter of the right end of the stepped through hole 511 is d. 511 , satisfying d 511 =D3. The slide tube 52 is a circular tube, and its main function is to provide a sliding track for the explosive block 3 and restrict the radial movement of the explosive block 3. The inner and outer diameters of the slide tube 52 match the dimensions of the stepped through hole 511. The outer diameter D of the slide tube 52 is... 522 Satisfy D 522 =D 511 inner diameter d of slide tube 52 522 Satisfy d 522 =d 511 This arrangement ensures that the left explosion-proof front plate 512 rests against the left end of the slide tube 52, and the right explosion-proof front plate 513 rests against the right end of the slide tube 52. The length of the slide tube 52 is L. 52 Satisfying L 52 =L 111 +L3+2l 51 -2L 51, making the left end of the sliding tube 52 flush with the left end face of the left blast - bearing front plate 512, and the right end of the sliding tube 52 flush with the right end face of the right blast - bearing front plate 513. The slide rail cover 5 is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ5 > 200 MPa, density ρ5 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the slide rail cover 5 does not undergo plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0088] Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the outer shell 6. Figure 8 (a) is the three - dimensional structural axial sectional view of the outer shell 6, Figure 8 (b) is the axial sectional view of the outer shell 6. The outer shell 6 is used to load the slide rail cover 5 and the support seat 4, and its shape is a cylinder without a right end face and with a left end face. The outer diameter of the outer shell 6 is D6, satisfying D 41 < D6 < 1.2D 41 , and the inner diameter is d6, satisfying d6 = D 41 , and the length is L6, satisfying

[0089] 0.6*(L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 ) < L6 < 0.9*(L 41 + L 42 + L 51 + L 52 );A section of outer shell thread 61 is machined at the right end of the outer shell 6. The outer shell thread 61 (see details Figure 2 ) has an axial length of L 61 , satisfying 0.005 m < L 61 < 0.03 m. The diameter of the outer shell thread 61 is D 61 , satisfying D 61 = 0.5(D6 + d6). The outer shell thread 61 is used for threaded connection with the fixed seat 7; A through - hole, the outer shell front hole 62, is opened at the center of the left end face. The inner diameter of the outer shell front hole 62 is D 62 , satisfying R 52 + 0.5D3 < D 62 < d6. The function of the outer shell front hole 62 is to directly expose the left blast - bearing front plate 512 and the blast - bearing slider 3 after the device is assembled, so that they directly bear the shock wave loading. The thickness L 62 of the left end face of the outer shell front hole 62 satisfies 0.001 m < L 62 < 0.02 m. The outer shell 6 is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet: yield strength σ6 > 200 MPa, density ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the basic principle is that the outer shell 6 does not undergo plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0090] Figure 9It is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed seat 7. Figure 9 (a) is an axial sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed seat 7. Figure 9 (b) is an axial sectional view of the fixed seat 7. The fixed seat 7 is used to connect the outer shell 6 and fix the whole device on a fixed object such as a target frame or a wall through its own fixed seat threaded hole 72. Its shape matches that of the outer shell 6, with a cylindrical outer shape, no left end face, and a right end face. The outer diameter of the fixed seat 7 is D7, satisfying \(1.02D6<D7<1.2D6\), and the axial length is L7, satisfying \(0.01m<L7<0.1m\). The inner wall at the left end of the fixed seat 7 is machined with an internal thread 71, and the diameter of the internal thread 71 is D 71 Satisfying D 71 =D 61 , the axial length of the internal thread 71 is L 71 , satisfying L 71 =L 61 , the internal thread 71 matches the outer shell thread 61 at the right end of the outer shell 6, and the fixed seat 7 is connected to the outer shell 6 through the internal thread 71 to form a cylindrical whole as shown in Figure 1 . The thickness of the right end face of the fixed seat 7 is l7, satisfying \(0.001m<l7<0.01m\). A fixed seat threaded hole 72 is machined at the center of the right end face of the fixed seat 7 to fix the whole measuring device to the screw on the fixed object. The diameter of the fixed seat threaded hole 72 is D 72 , satisfying \(0.006m<D 72 <0.03m. In addition, 4 vent holes 73 are machined on the right end face of the fixed seat 7. The distance from the center of the vent hole 73 to the center of the circular plate is R 73 , satisfying \(0.2D 75 <R 73 <0.4D 75 , and the diameter of the vent hole 73 is D 73 , satisfying \(0.004m<D 73 <0.01m, which is used to connect the gas in the space wrapped by the measuring outer shell six and the fixed seat 7 to the outside atmosphere, preventing the movement of the explosive-bearing slider 3 and the spring probe 1 from being affected by the pressure difference inside and outside the measuring device. The fixed seat 7 is made of cemented carbide, and the material is required to meet: the yield strength \(\sigma7>200MPa\), and the density \(\rho7>2.0g / cm 3 . The basic principle is that the fixed seat 7 does not produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load.

[0091] The method of measuring the shock wave waveform in the explosion field by using the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is as follows:

[0092] The first step is to install the measuring device:

[0093] 1.8 After the rubber ring 2 is nested on the probe front tube 11 from the left end of the spring probe 1, slide it to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube 13. Then, the explosion-proof slider 3 is connected and fixed to the left end of the probe front tube 1 through the explosion-proof slider threaded rod 31 and the probe front tube threaded hole 1111.

[0094] 1.9 Insert the M probe tubes 13 of the spring probe 1 into the M first through holes 411 of the middle insert plate 41 on the support base 4 in sequence;

[0095] 1.10 Insert the two ends of the M sliding tubes 52 into the M stepped through holes 511 of the left explosion-proof front plate 512 and the M stepped through holes 511 of the right explosion-proof front plate 513 respectively, according to their corresponding positions, to complete the assembly of the slide rail cover 5.

[0096] 1.11 The slide rail cover 5 is nested on the middle insert plate 41 from left to right. During this process, the explosion-proof slider 3 enters the slide tube 52 from the right.

[0097] 1.12 Insert the slide rail cover 5 and the support base 4 into the outer shell 6 and the fixed base 7 from the left and right ends respectively. The outer shell 6 and the fixed base 7 are connected by the outer shell thread 61 and the fixed base internal thread 71 to complete the assembly of the measuring device.

[0098] 1.13 The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is firmly fixed to any stable target frame or wall through the fixing seat threaded hole 72 on the right end face of the fixing seat 7;

[0099] 1.14 Conduct an overall inspection of the air shock wave waveform measurement device based on the combined spring probe, including the following: whether the rubber ring 2 has slid to contact the probe rear tube 13, whether the device as a whole is level, and whether the left end face of the explosion-proof slider 3 is flush with the left end face of the explosion-proof front plate 51.

[0100] The above assembly process is as follows: Figure 10 As shown. Figure 10 (a) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the spring probe 1, the rubber ring 2, and the explosion-proof slider 3. Figure 10 (b) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the spring probe 1 and the support base 4. Figure 10 (c) is a schematic diagram of the spring probe 1 and the support base 4 after assembly. Figure 10 (d) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the explosion-proof front plate 51 and the sliding tube 52. Figure 10 (e) is an assembly diagram of the slide rail cover 5 and the support base 4. Figure 10 (f) is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the outer casing 6 and the fixed base 7 and the slide rail cover 5 and the support base 4. Figure 10As shown in (a), first, the rubber ring 2 is nested onto the probe front tube 11 from the left end of the spring probe 1, and slid to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube 13. Then, the explosion-proof slider 3 is fixed to the left end of the spring probe 11 by connecting it to the threaded hole 1111 of the probe front tube through the thread 31; then, as... Figure 10 As shown in (b), M spring probes 1 are inserted sequentially from left to right into the M first through holes 411 on the support base 4; the result is as follows: Figure 10 (c) shows the combined spring probe; then, as Figure 10 As shown in (d), insert the two ends of the M sliding tubes 52 into the M stepped through holes 511 of the explosion-proof front plate 51 at the corresponding positions to complete the assembly of the slide rail cover 5; then, as shown in (d), Figure 10 As shown in (e), the slide rail cover 5 is moved horizontally from left to right and nested onto the support base 4. During this process, the explosion-proof slider 3, along with the spring probe 1 and the rubber ring 2, are inserted into the slide tube 52; finally, as shown in (e), Figure 10 As shown in (f), the slide rail cover 5 and support base 4, which are assembled together, are fitted into the outer shell 6 and the fixed base 7 from the left and right sides respectively. The outer shell 6 and the fixed base 7 are connected together by the outer shell thread 61 and the fixed base thread 71 to complete the assembly of the overall measuring device.

[0101] The second step involves measuring the shock wave waveform using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe. The method is as follows:

[0102] 2.1 When the explosion point explodes, the M explosion-bearing sliders 3 are accelerated to the right by the impact of the explosion;

[0103] 2.2M explosive-bearing sliders 3 respectively compress M probe front tubes 11, and M probe front tubes 11 respectively compress M springs 12 to the right. During this process, M probe rear tubes 13 remain fixed.

[0104] 2.3 Define the spring probe 1 to which the spring 12 with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs as the first spring probe. Let the elastic coefficient of the first spring probe 1 be k1. Let the spring probe 1 with elastic coefficient k1 be the first spring probe 1. Let the elastic coefficients of the M spring probes 1 in the counterclockwise direction along the first spring probe 1 be k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9, k10, k11, k12, k13, k14, k15, k16, k17, k18, k1 ... i ..., k M And k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M, 1≤i≤M;

[0105] After the 2.4M probe front tube 11 reaches its maximum compressive displacement, the M rubber rings 2 rebound together with the probe front tube 11. The i-th rubber ring 2 (fitted on the probe front tube with an elastic coefficient of k) i The displacement S of the spring on the i-th spring probe 1 i (i.e., the rebound displacement of the i-th spring probe 1) is equal to the maximum compression displacement S of the i-th probe front tube 11.finali .

[0106] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the compression and rebound process of the present invention under the influence of air shock waves. Figure 11 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the initial moment when the explosive impact load is applied to the explosion-bearing slider 3. Figure 11 (b) is a schematic diagram of the movement process of the explosion-bearing slider 3, the probe front tube 11, and the connecting block 14 under the action of explosive impact load. Figure 11 (c) is a schematic diagram showing that spring 12 is compressed to its maximum extent when the explosive impact load ends. Figure 11 (d) is a schematic diagram showing the movement of the rubber ring 2 along with the probe front tube 11 during the spring rebound process of spring 12. Figure 11 (e) is a schematic diagram of the further rebound of spring 12. Figure 11 (f) is a schematic diagram showing the maximum displacement of the rubber ring 2 when the spring 12 returns to its initial shape. Figure 11 As shown in (a), at the initial moment of the explosive load application, the shock wave acts on the left end face of the explosion-bearing slider 3, and the probe rear tube 13 is fixed in place by the constraint of the support seat 4; as Figure 11 As shown in (b), the explosion-bearing slider 3 accelerates to the right under the impact of the explosion, pushing the probe front tube 11 and the connecting block 14 to the right. The spring 12 is compressed and deformed by the action of the probe front tube 11. At this time, the rubber ring 2 remains stationary due to the obstruction of the probe rear tube 13. When the explosion impact load ends, as... Figure 11 As shown in (c), the probe front tube 11 and the connecting block 14 reach the maximum rightward displacement S. final Spring 12 is compressed to its maximum extent; as Figure 11 (d) and Figure 11 As shown in (e), after the explosive impact load ends, the spring 12 rebounds to the left due to its own elasticity, pushing the probe front tube 11 to move to the left. At this time, due to the clamping force of the rubber ring 2 on the probe front tube 11, the rubber ring 2 moves to the left along with the probe front tube 11. When the displacement of the spring 12 changes from S... finali Springing back to L1', its springback displacement is S finali -L1', at this time the leftward displacement of probe 11 and rubber ring 2 is L2'. Since the rebound displacement of spring 12 is equal to the leftward displacement of probe 11 and rubber ring 2, therefore S finali -L1' = L2'; Similarly, as spring 12 rebounds further, S finali -L1"=L2", transforming the formula yields S finali =L1'+L2'=L1”+L2”; for example Figure 11 As shown in (f), spring 12 returns to its initial shape, and the explosion-proof slider 3, probe front tube 11, and connecting block 14 also return to their respective initial positions before the explosion impact load. Rubber ring 2 moves to the left to its maximum displacement S. finaliWhen M spring probes 1 are used, the maximum embedding displacement of each spring probe 1 is denoted as S. final1 S final2 S finali S finalM For simplicity, the displacements are denoted as S1, S2, ..., S... i …、S M .

[0107] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the compression displacement of the combined spring probes after being subjected to an air shock wave according to the present invention. Because the elastic coefficients of each spring probe 1 are different, the maximum compression displacement of each spring probe 1 under the action of the explosive load is different. The compression displacements of the M spring probes 1 are recorded as S1, S2, ..., S3, ..., S... M .

[0108] The third step is data recording and processing:

[0109] 3.1 After the explosion, remove the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe from the target frame or wall, remove the outer shell 6 and the fixed base 7, and remove the slide rail cover 5;

[0110] 3.2 Statistically measure the compression displacement of the probe front tube 11 of M spring probes 1, and record it as S1, S2, S... i S M ;

[0111] 3.3 The specific impulse of M explosive-bearing sliders 3 is calculated as follows:

[0112] 3.3.1 Initialize variable i = 1;

[0113] 3.3.2 Based on the compression displacement S of the i-th spring probe 1 finali The compressive potential energy E of the probe front tube 11 of the i-th spring probe 1 when it reaches the maximum compressive displacement is calculated. i , Since at this moment, all the kinetic energy of the i-th explosive block 3 is converted into the compressive potential energy of the i-th spring 12, that is... Therefore, there is m i Let v be the mass of the i-th explosive-bearing slider 3. i This represents the maximum speed of the explosive-bearing slider 3.

[0114] 3.3.3 According to The maximum velocity v of the i-th explosive block 3 is obtained. i The impulse transmitted by the shock wave to the i-th explosive-bearing slider 3 is calculated as m. i v i The specific impulse of the i-th explosive-bearing slider 3 is

[0115] 3.3.3 Let i = i + 1. If i > M, it means that the specific impulse I1, ..., I of the M explosive-bearing sliders 3 has been calculated. i , ..., I M If i ≤ M, go to 3.4; if i ≤ M, go to 3.3.2.

[0116] 3.4 Figure 13 It is a time history curve of various parameters during probe compression. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the effective impulse of the shock wave on each spring probe 1. Based on theoretical analysis, the load history of the i-th explosion-proof slider 3 under the shock wave pressure is as follows: Figure 13 As shown in the figure, P2(t) is the time history curve of the shock wave pressure, σ si (t) represents the equivalent strength curve of the i-th spring probe 1. (D 3i Let be the diameter of the i-th explosive-bearing slider 3, such as Figure 13 As shown, S(t) is the compression displacement time history curve of the i-th spring probe 1; analysis reveals that when P2(t) = σ si At time (t), the spring probe 1 reaches its maximum compression speed; this moment is defined as t_0. cri At this time, the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe 1 is Afterwards, the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe 1 gradually decreases. Because the duration of the shock wave is very short, and t... cri After a certain time, the intensity of the shock wave is lower, so the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe 1 can be considered to be t. cri Before that moment, and t cri After time t, the work done by the shock wave on the i-th spring probe 1 is negligible. Therefore, the effective impulse of the shock wave on the i-th spring probe 1 is t. cri The area I of the shock wave pressure time history curve P2(t) and the time axis before time step [t]. i ,Right now Figure 14 The area of ​​the shaded region; the time t until spring probe 1 stops compressing. finali When the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe 1 drops to 0, its compression displacement reaches its maximum value S. finali Based on engineering experience, the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe The equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 can be obtained from this formula. Due to the equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 The effective impulses I1, I2, and I3 of the shock wave on the M spring probes 1 are different, therefore... i ... I M different;

[0117] 3.5 Given the equivalent strength of M spring probes 1 The effective impulses I1, I2, and I of the shock wave on the M spring probes 1 i ... I M To solve for the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities among the M spring probes 1, and further obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve by averaging the slopes of the lines connecting the two equivalent intensities, the calculation method is as follows:

[0118] 3.5.1 Initialize variable i = 1;

[0119] 3.5.2 Initialize variable j = i + 1;

[0120] 3.5.3 According to the formula The i-th equivalent strength is calculated. With the j-th equivalent strength The slope B of the line connecting the two sides ij ;

[0121] 3.5.4 Let j = j + 1. If j > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting the i-th equivalent strength and the (i+1)-M-th equivalent strengths has been calculated (i.e., B). i,i+1 B ij B iM If j ≤ M, go to 3.5.5; if j ≤ M, go to 3.5.3;

[0122] 3.5.5 Let i = i + 1. If i > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent strengths between the 1st and Mth equivalent strengths has been calculated, i.e., B has been obtained. 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M B i,i+1 B ij B iM B M-1·M Go to 3.5.6; if i≤M, go to 3.5.2;

[0123] 3.5.6 to B 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M B i,i+1 B ij BiM B M-1·M Find the mean value to obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve;

[0124] 3.6 Equivalent strength using M spring probes 1 The effective impulses I1, I2, and I of the shock wave on the M spring probes 1 i ... I M The slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve is calculated according to the formula. The peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve was obtained by reverse calculation. 2_max According to the formula t d ·B=(0-P 2_max ) Determine the duration t of the shock wave pressure time history curve d ;

[0125] 3.7 Based on the peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max Duration t d Plot the shock wave pressure time history curve with slope B to complete the air shock wave waveform measurement.

[0126] 3.8 Reset each rubber ring 2 to contact the spring probe rear tube 13, and set up the measuring device according to the steps in step one to realize the reuse of the measuring device.

[0127] Figure 15 This is a time-history waveform curve of the explosion shock wave obtained by reverse engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention. The main parameters of the embodiment are as follows: M = 5, L1 = 58 mm, L... 111 =25mm, D1=4mm, d 111 =3mm, l 111 =5mm, L 112 =30mm, L 113 =3mm, d 11 =1.6mm, L 12 =30mm, D 12 =4mm, d 12 =0.5mm, l 12 =3mm, L 13 =33mm, l 132 =3mm, D 13 =5.5mm, d 132 =4mm, d 131 =5mm,t 132 =0.5mm, d 133 =1.6mm, l 133 =1mm, d2=3.8mm, d 21 =0.8mm, D2=5.4mm, D3=8mm and 12mm, L3=3.5mm, D 31=3mm, L 31 =3.5mm, D 41 =60mm, L 41 =5mm, n1=5, R 41 =12.6mm, d 411 =5mm, R 42 =25mm, d 412 =4mm, D 42 =60mm, L 42 =46.5mm, t 42 =1.5mm, D 51 =60mm, L 51 =5mm, n2=5, R 51 =12.6mm, D 512 =10mm and 16mm, l 51 =3.25mm, d 512 =8mm and 12mm, R 52 =25mm, D 513 =4mm, D 522 =10mm and 16mm, d 522 =8mm and 12mm, L 52 =25mm, D 53 =4mm, L 53 =10mm, D6=66mm, d6=60mm, L6=73mm, D 61 =61.5mm, D 62 =40mm, L 62 =1mm, l6=72mm, D7=67mm, L7=43mm, D 71 =61.5mm, L 71 =12mm, D 74 =60mm, L 74 =8mm, D 75 =50mm, L 72 =15mm, D 72 =12mm, R 73 =9.5mm, D 73 =3mm, the explosion-proof slider 3 is made of aluminum alloy 6061-T6, and its material density ρ3 is ρ3 = 2700kg / m³. 3 The elastic coefficients k1, k2, k3, k4, and k5 of the combined spring probe 1 are k1 = 2.60 * 10⁻⁵. 3 N / m, k2 = 1.72 * 10 3 N / m, k3 = 2.31 * 10 3 N / m, k4 = 2.84 * 10 3 N / m, k5 = 3.49 * 10 3N / m.

[0128] When measuring the impulse of an explosion shock wave using the measuring device designed based on the above parameters, the equivalent TNT equivalent of a certain explosive is 1 kg. After assembling the measuring device, it is placed on a fixed support 2 m away from the explosive, with the left end of the measuring device facing the center of the explosive (i.e., the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are on the same straight line). After installation, check whether the left end face of the detonating slider 3 is flush with the left end face of the detonating front plate 51 and whether the measuring device as a whole is horizontal, thus completing the preparatory work before measurement. Then, the explosive is detonated, and the spring probe 1 and the rubber ring 2 are compressed and displaced. After the measuring device is removed from the fixed support, the compression displacements S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 of each spring probe 1 are determined to be S1 = 16.80 mm, S2 = 13.52 mm, S3 = 11.04 mm, S4 = 9.58 mm, and S5 = 7.79 mm. Then, according to the energy conservation formula... The impact velocities v1, v2, v3, v4, and v5 of the explosive-bearing slider 3 can be derived as v1 = 21.92 m / s, v2 = 21.50 m / s, v3 = 20.37 m / s, v4 = 19.61 m / s, and v5 = 17.68 m / s, respectively. Therefore, according to the calculation formula... Given that 1 ≤ i ≤ 5, the specific impulse I1, I2, I3, I4, and I5 of the shock wave generated by the explosion of 1 kg TNT transmitted to the various explosive-bearing sliders 3 arranged at a blast distance of 2 m are I1 = 295.92 Pa*s, I2 = 290.22 Pa*s, I3 = 274.95 Pa*s, I4 = 264.79 Pa*s, and I5 = 238.62 Pa*s; the spring force coefficients k1, k2, k3, k4, and k5 of each spring probe 1 are known to be k1 = 2.60 * 10⁻⁶. 3 N / m, k2 = 1.72 * 10 3 N / m, k3 = 2.31 * 10 3 N / m, k4 = 2.84 * 10 3 N / m, k5 = 3.49 * 10 3 N / m, can be calculated according to the formula Obtain the equivalent strength of each spring probe 1 They are respectively Given I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 and The mean slope of the shock wave pressure time history curve, calculated according to the calculation steps in Section 3.5 of the method, is B = -726.69 MPa / s; further, according to the formula... The peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve was obtained by reverse calculation. 2_maxAccording to the formula t d ·B=(0-P 2_max The duration t of the shock wave pressure time history curve can be obtained by reverse calculation. d P 2_max =0.663 PMa, t d =0.912ms. Based on the peak value and the duration of 0, a triangle was plotted to infer the shock wave curve, as shown below. Figure 15 As shown by the solid line, a comparison reveals that the inversely derived triangular waveform curve matches the actual shock wave waveform. Figure 15 The dashed line represents the shock wave load curve applied in this example. Since the explosive equivalent and detonation distance are known in this example, the curve obtained by calculation using formulas (1), (4), (11), (13), and (26) in the literature "Review of Blast Wave Parameters" shows good agreement, indicating that the measurement results of this invention are accurate. The impulse measurement method of this invention has a simple process, a clear physical process, and reliable measurement results. It can be used to measure the shock wave waveform of explosive explosions in standard test ranges, field test ranges, and other harsher environments, providing a new reference option for shock wave waveform measurement.

[0129] For measuring the waveform of explosion shock waves at locations with different explosive equivalents and different detonation distances, the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe of this invention can be used to easily, quickly and accurately perform passive measurement of explosion shock wave waveforms.

[0130] The above embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention. The specific structure and dimensions can be adjusted according to actual needs. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements (such as changing the overall appearance of the measuring device from circular to square) without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring air shock wave waveforms based on a combined spring probe, characterized in that... It consists of M spring probes (1) with different elastic coefficients, M rubber rings (2), M detonation-bearing sliders (3), a support base (4), a slide rail cover (5), a housing (6), and a fixing base (7). M is a positive integer and 3 < M < 10. The spring probes (1), rubber rings (2), detonation-bearing sliders (3), support base (4), and slide rail cover (5) are located inside the housing (6) and the fixing base (7), and the support base (4), slide rail cover (5), housing (6), and fixing base (7) are coaxially installed. The detonation-bearing slider (3) is fixed to the left end of the front probe tube (11), and the spring probe (1), rubber ring (2), and detonation-bearing slider (3) are coaxially installed. After the M spring probes (1), M rubber rings (2), and M detonation-bearing sliders (3) are coaxially installed respectively, they are inserted into M first through holes (411) of the middle insertion plate (41) of the support base (4) respectively to form a combined spring probe. The slide rail cover (5) moves from left to right and nests on the left end of the support base (4) through the detonation-bearing slider (3), the housing (6) sleeves the slide rail cover (5) from the left end, and the fixing base (7) sleeves the support base (4) from the right end. The spring probe (1) is assembled by a front probe tube (11), a spring (12), a rear probe tube (13), and a connecting block (14). The spring probe (1) is used to convert the kinetic energy of the detonation-bearing slider (3) into its own compression displacement. The front probe tube (11), spring (12), and rear probe tube (13) are coaxially assembled from left to right. The right thin tube (112) of the front probe tube (11) is inserted into the spring (12) and then inserted into the rear probe tube (13) from left to right, and the right end of the right thin tube (112) is flush with the right end of the rear probe tube (13). The connecting block (14) is fixed to the right end of the right thin tube (112). Under the explosion shock load, the rear probe tube (13) is fixed by the support base (4). When the detonation-bearing slider (3) compresses the front probe tube (11) to the right, the spring (12) in the rear probe tube (13) generates compression deformation under the rightward movement of the front probe tube (11). When the explosion shock load ends, the spring probe (1) returns to its initial shape. The rubber ring (2) is sleeved on the outer wall of the front probe tube (11) from the left end of the spring probe (1) and slides to the right until it contacts the rear probe tube (13). During the rightward movement of the front probe tube (11), due to the block of the rear probe tube (13), the rubber ring (2) remains stationary. When the front probe tube (11) moves to the left under the elastic force of the spring (12), due to the clamping force of the rubber ring (2) on the front probe tube (11), the rubber ring (2) moves to the left together with the front probe tube (11), and the maximum leftward displacement of the rubber ring (2) is equal to the maximum compression movement displacement of the front probe tube (11). The detonation-bearing slider (3) bears the explosion shock wave and converts the shock wave impulse into its own kinetic energy. The support base (4) is used to fix and support the spring probe (1) and make the spring probe (1) form an array arrangement. The slide rail cover (5) provides a slide rail for the detonation-bearing slider (3) and avoids the spring probe (1) directly bearing the shock wave effect.

2. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is cylindrical as a whole; the total length L of the probe front tube (11) of the spring probe (1) 11 satisfies 0.01 m < L 11 < 0.3 m; the length L of the left - end thick tube (111) 111 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 111 < 0.6L 11 , the outer diameter D1 satisfies 0.004 m < D1 < 0.05 m, and the diameter d of the screw hole (1111) 111 satisfies 0.3D1 < d 111 < 0.8D1, and the depth l 111 satisfies 0.1D1 < l 111 < 0.5D1; the length L of the right - end thin tube (112) 112 satisfies 0.2L 11 < L 112 < 0.6L 11 , and the outer diameter d 11 satisfies 0.2D1 < d 11 < 0.9D1; the total length L of the spring (12) 12 satisfies L 12 = L 112 , the inner diameter D 12 = d 11 , the wire diameter d 12 satisfies 0.0005 m < d 12 < 0.005 m, and the pitch l 12 satisfies 0.02L 12 < l 12 < 0.2L 12 ; the length L of the probe rear tube (13) 13 satisfies 1.1L 112 < L 13 < 1.6L 112 , the length l of the variable - cross - section bulge of the probe rear tube (13) 132 satisfies 0.1L 112 < l 132 < 0.5L 112 , the outer diameter D of the variable - cross - section bulge 13 satisfies 1D1 < D 13 < 1.6D1, and the outer diameter d of the rest of the probe rear tube (13) 131 satisfies < d 131 < 1.5D1, and the wall thickness t 132 satisfies t 132 = (d 131 - D1) / 2; the thickness l of the right - end face of the probe rear tube (13) 133 satisfies 0.0005 m < l 133 <0.01m; The connecting block (14) is fixed to the right end of the right end thin tube (112) by adhesive bonding or welding, and the thickness L of the connecting block (14) is... 113 Satisfying 0.001m <L 113 <0.01m.

3. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 2, characterized in that... The rubber ring (2) is used to characterize the maximum compressive displacement of the spring probe (1) as its own displacement, and is a circular ring; the inner diameter of the rubber ring (2) is d2 = D1; the wire diameter of the rubber ring (2) is d 21 Meets 0.0003mm <d 21 <0.005mm, the outer diameter D2 satisfies D2=d2+2d 21 .

4. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 3, characterized in that... The detonation-bearing slider (3) is disc-shaped. The diameters of the M detonation-bearing sliders (3) are adjusted according to actual measurement requirements. A section of detonation-bearing slider screw (31) is machined at the center of the right end of the detonation-bearing slider (3). The detonation-bearing slider screw (31) is inserted into the screw hole (1111) at the left end of the probe front tube (11) and tightened by threading, so that the right end of the detonation-bearing slider (3) is assembled with the spring probe (). The thread diameter D of the detonation-bearing slider screw (31) 31 = d 111 ; The two end faces of the detonation-bearing slider (3) are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the spring probe (1); The detonation-bearing slider (3) is made of alloy material or plexiglass, ensuring that the detonation-bearing slider (3) does not produce plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave; The diameters D3 of the M detonation-bearing sliders (3) satisfy 0.002m < D3 < 0.05m, and the thickness L3 satisfies 0.002m < L3 < 0.02m; The thread length L of the detonation-bearing slider screw (31) 31 satisfies 0.2l 111 < L 31 < 0.9l 111 .

5. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The support base (4) consists of an intermediate insert plate (41) and a support tube (42), which are fixed together by epoxy resin adhesive or welding. The intermediate insert plate (41) is round and its main function is to fix the spring probe (1). The diameter of the intermediate insert plate (41) is D. 41 Thickness L 41 The intermediate insert plate (41) has M first through holes (411) evenly distributed along the center of the intermediate insert plate (41) along the axial direction. The center of the M first through holes (411) is in a radius of R. 41 On the inner ring, the probe tubes (13) of M spring probes (1) are respectively inserted into M first through holes (411) to fix the spring probes (1). The distance from the center of the first through hole (411) to the center O of the support (4) is equal to R. 41 The diameter d of the first through hole (411) 411 =d 131 The support tube (42) is a circular tube, which serves to provide movement space for the probe front tube (11), and its inner diameter D 42 =D 41 The support base (4) is made of hard alloy to ensure that the support base (4) does not undergo plastic deformation during the compression of the spring probe (1); the diameter D of the intermediate insert plate (41) of the support base (4) is... 41 Satisfying 0.01m <D 41 <0.1m, thickness L 41 Satisfying 0.002m <L 41 <0.02m; the distance from the center of the first through hole (411) to the center O of the support base (4) is equal to R. 41 Satisfying 0.1D 41 <R 41 <0.4D 41 The length L of the support tube (42) 42 =1.1L 11 The sidewall thickness is t 42 Satisfying 0.0005m <t 42 <0.01m.

6. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The slide rail cover (5) is shaped to match the support base (4) and is a circular plate. The slide rail cover (5) consists of a left blast-bearing front plate (512), a right blast-bearing front plate (513), and M sliding tubes (52). The components are fixed to each other by welding or epoxy resin adhesive. The left blast-bearing front plate (512) and the right blast-bearing front plate (513) are exactly the same in shape, both being circular plates. Their function is to fix the sliding tubes (52) and protect the spring probe (1). The diameter D of the left blast-bearing front plate (512) is... 51 =D 41 The left blast-bearing front plate (512) has M stepped through holes (511) evenly distributed along the center O' of the plate, with steps in the thickness direction. M sliding tubes (52) are inserted into the M stepped through holes (511) of the left blast-bearing front plate (512) and the right blast-bearing front plate (513) respectively, so that the left blast-bearing front plate (512) and the right blast-bearing front plate (513) are symmetrically installed at both ends of the sliding tubes (52); the center of the stepped through hole (511) is R away from the center O' of the plate. 51 =R 41 The diameter d at the right end of the stepped through hole (511) 511 =D3; The slide tube (52) is a round tube, which provides a sliding track for the explosive-bearing slider (3) and restricts the radial movement of the explosive-bearing slider (3). The inner and outer diameters of the slide tube (52) match the size of the stepped through hole (511), so that the left explosive-bearing front plate (512) abuts against the left end of the slide tube (52) and the right explosive-bearing front plate (513) abuts against the right end of the slide tube (52). The left end of the slide tube (52) is flush with the left end face of the left explosive-bearing front plate (512), and the right end of the slide tube (52) is flush with the right end face of the right explosive-bearing front plate (513). The slide rail cover (5) is made of hard alloy and is required not to produce plastic deformation under shock wave load. The thickness L of the left explosive-bearing front plate (512) is... 51 Satisfying 0.002m <L 51 <0.02m; the diameter D at the left end of the stepped through hole (511) 511 Satisfy 1.1D3 <D 511 <1.4D3, depth l 51 Meets 0.3L 51 <l 51 <0.7L 51 ; Slide tube (52) outer diameter D 522 =D 511 The inner diameter d of the slide tube (52) 522 Satisfy d 522 =d 511 The length L of the slide tube (52) 52 =L 111 +L3+2l 51 -2L 51 .

7. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 6, characterized in that... The outer shell (6) is used to load the slide rail cover (5) and the support base (4). It is a cylinder with no right end face and a left end face. The outer diameter of the outer shell (6) is D6, and the inner diameter is d6 = D. 41 The outer casing (6) has a threaded section (61) machined on its right end for threaded connection with the fixed seat (7). The axial length of the outer casing thread (61) is L. 61 The diameter is D 61 The left end face has a front hole (62) at the center. The front hole (62) is a through hole. The function of the front hole (62) is to directly expose the left explosion-proof front plate (512) and the explosion-proof slider (3) after the device is assembled, so that they can directly bear the shock wave load. The outer shell (6) is made of hard alloy and is required not to produce plastic deformation under the shock wave load. The outer diameter D6 of the outer shell (6) meets the D 41 <D6<1.2D 41 The length L6 satisfies 0.6*(L 41 +L 42 +L 51 +L 52 ) <L6<0.9*(L 41 +L 42 +L 51 +L 52 The axial length L of the outer casing thread (61) 61 Satisfying 0.005m <L 61 <0.03m, the diameter D of the outer shell thread (61) 61 =0.5(D6+d6), the inner diameter D of the front hole (62) of the outer shell 62 Satisfy R 52 +0.5D3 <D 62 <d6,R 52 The distance from the center of the through holes evenly distributed along the center of the plate, which are machined on the inner and outer edges of the left bearing front plate (512), is the distance from the center of the plate to the center of the plate. The thickness L of the left end face of the outer shell front hole (62) is... 62 Satisfying 0.001m <L 62 <0.02m.

8. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 7, characterized in that... The fixing base (7) is used to connect the outer shell (6) and fix the whole device on a fixed object through the fixing base threaded hole (72) of itself. Its shape matches that of the outer shell (6), with a cylindrical outer shape, no left end face, and a right end face. The inner wall of the left end of the fixing base (7) is machined with an internal thread of the fixing base (71), and the internal thread of the fixing base (71) matches the outer shell thread (61) at the right end of the outer shell (6). The fixing base (7) is connected with the outer shell (6) through the internal thread of the fixing base (71) to form a cylindrical whole. The center of the right end face of the fixing base (7) is machined with a fixing base threaded hole (72) for fixing the whole measuring device to the screw on the fixed object. Four vent holes (73) are machined on the right end face of the fixing base (7) to connect the gas in the space wrapped by the measuring outer shell (6) and the fixing base (7) with the outside atmosphere, preventing the movement of the explosion-bearing slider (z) and the spring probe (1) from being affected by the pressure difference inside and outside the measuring device. The fixing base (7) is made of cemented carbide to ensure that the fixing base (7) does not produce plastic deformation under shock wave load. The outer diameter D7 of the fixing base (7) satisfies \(1.02D6<D7<1.2D6\), the axial length L7 satisfies \(0.01m<L7<0.1m\), and the thickness l7 of the right end face of the fixing base (7) satisfies \(0.001m<l7<0.01m\); the diameter D 71 = D 61 of the internal thread of the fixing base (71), and the axial length of the internal thread of the fixing base (7) is L 71 = L 61 ; the diameter D 72 of the fixing base threaded hole (72) satisfies \(0.006m<D 72 <0.03m. The distance from the center of the vent hole (73) to the center of the circular plate is R 73 , which satisfies \(0.2D 75 <R 73 <0.4D 75 . The diameter of the vent hole (73) is D 73 , which satisfies \(0.004m<D 73 <0.01m. D 75 is the diameter of the second step on the inner wall on the right side of the internal thread of the fixing base (71). It should be noted that there is an error in the original text where "preventing the movement of the explosion-bearing slider (z) and the spring probe (1)" should be "preventing the movement of the explosion-bearing slider (3) and the spring probe (1)". The above translation has been corrected according to the correct content.

9. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 8, characterized in that... The front probe tube (11) is a long rod with a thick left end and a thin right end, which is divided into a thick left tube (111) and a thin right tube (112); the total length of the front probe tube (11) is L 11 ; the length of the thick left tube (111) is L 111 , the outer diameter is D1, and there is a screw hole (1111) at the left end of the thick left tube (111), the diameter of the screw hole (1111) is d 111 , and the depth is l 111 , the screw hole (1111) is used for threaded connection with the right end of the detonation-bearing slider (3); the thin right tube (112) is in the shape of a long rod, and its length is L 112 , the outer diameter is d 11 , d 11 < D1; the rear probe tube (13) is a cylinder without a left end face and with a right end face. There is a variable cross-section protrusion at the left end of the rear probe tube (13), and the outer diameter of the variable cross-section protrusion is D 13 , the inner diameter d 132 = D1; the outer diameter of the rest of the rear probe tube (13) is d 131 , and a through hole is dug in the center of the right end face of the rear probe tube (13) to facilitate the thin right tube (112) of the front probe tube (11) to pass through, and the diameter of the through hole d 133 = d 11 ; the connecting block (14) is a disc block, and its diameter is D 14 = D1, the left end face of the connecting block (14) is welded to the right end face of the thin right tube (112), D 14 is greater than d 133 , so that the front probe tube (11) can only be compressed to the right; the front probe tube (11), the rear probe tube (13) and the connecting block (14) are all made of metal materials, so as to ensure that the spring probe (1) does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to impact compression 10. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The spring (12) is made of metal. The spring probe (1) to which the spring (12) with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs is defined as the first spring probe, and its elastic coefficient is set to k1. The elastic coefficients of the M spring probes (1) increase sequentially in the counterclockwise direction, and the elastic coefficients of each spring probe (1) are defined as k1, k2, ..., k i ..., k M Then we have k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M.

11. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The metal material used for the spring (12) satisfies: yield strength σ 12 > 200 MPa, density ρ 12 > 1 g / cm 3 , elastic coefficient 1 N / m < k < 100000 N / m; the metal materials used for the front probe tube (11), the rear probe tube (13) and the connecting block (14) satisfy: yield strength σ1 > 200 MPa, density ρ1 > 1 g / cm 3 ; the elastic material used for the rubber ring (2) satisfies: yield strength σ2 < 200 MPa, density ρ2 < 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the alloy material or plexiglass used for the explosion-bearing slider (3) satisfies: yield strength σ3 > 200 MPa, density ρ3 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the support base (4) satisfies: yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa, density ρ4 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the slide rail cover (5) satisfies: yield strength σ5 > 200 MPa, density ρ5 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the outer shell (6) satisfies: yield strength σ6 > 200 MPa, density ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; the cemented carbide used for the fixing base (7) satisfies: yield strength σ7 > 200 MPa, density ρ7 > 2.0 g / cm 3 .

12. The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 11, characterized in that... The elastic material used for the rubber ring (2) is nitrile or fluororubber.

13. A method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 1, characterized in that... It includes the following steps: The first step is to install the measuring device; The second step is to measure the shock wave waveform using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe. The third step is data recording and processing.

14. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 13, characterized in that the first step... Includes the following steps: 1.1 After the rubber ring (2) is nested on the probe front tube (11) from the left end of the spring probe (1), slide it to the right until it contacts the probe rear tube (13). Then, the explosion-proof slider (3) is connected and fixed to the left end of the probe front tube (11) through the explosion-proof slider screw (31) and the probe front tube threaded hole (1111). 1.2 Insert the M probe tubes (13) of the spring probe (1) into the M first through holes (411) of the middle insert plate (41) on the support base (4) in sequence; 1.3 Insert the two ends of the M sliding tubes (52) into the M stepped through holes (511) of the left blast-bearing front plate (512) and the M stepped through holes (511) of the right blast-bearing front plate (513) respectively according to their corresponding positions to complete the assembly of the slide rail cover (5); 1.4 The slide rail cover (5) is nested on the middle insert plate (41) from left to right. During this process, the explosion-proof slider (3) enters the slide tube (52) from the right. 1.5 Insert the slide rail cover (5) and support base (4) into the outer shell (6) and the fixed base (7) from the left and right ends respectively. The outer shell (6) and the fixed base (7) are connected by the outer shell thread (61) and the fixed base internal thread (71) to complete the assembly of the measuring device. 1.6 The air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe is fixed to any stable target frame or wall through the fixed seat thread hole (72) on the right end face of the fixed seat (7); 1.7 Conduct an overall inspection of the air shock wave waveform measurement device based on the combined spring probe. The inspection targets include: whether the rubber ring (2) slides to contact the probe rear tube (13), whether the device as a whole is horizontal, and whether the left end face of the explosion-proof slider (3) is flush with the left end face of the explosion-proof front plate (51).

15. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 13, characterized in that the second step... Includes the following steps: 2.1 When the explosion point explodes, the M explosion-bearing sliders (3) are accelerated to the right by the explosion impact; 2.2M explosive-bearing sliders (3) respectively compress M probe front tubes (11), and M probe front tubes (11) respectively compress M springs (12) to the right. During this process, M probe rear tubes (13) remain fixed. 2.3 Define the spring probe (1) to which the spring (12) with the smallest elastic coefficient belongs as the first spring probe. Let the elastic coefficient of the first spring probe (1) be k1, and let the elastic coefficients of the M spring probes (1) in the counterclockwise direction along the first spring probe (1) be k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9, k1, k1, k1, k2, k3 ...2, k3, k1, k2, k3, k1, k2, k3, k1, k2, k3, k1, k i ..., k M And satisfy k1 <k2<…<k i <… <k M , 1≤i≤M; After the 2.4M probe front tube (11) reaches its maximum compression displacement, the M rubber rings (2) rebound together with the probe front tube (11) and fit on the spring with an elastic coefficient of k. i The displacement S of the i-th rubber ring (2) on the i-th spring probe (1) rebounds i Equal to the maximum compressive displacement S of the i-th probe front tube (11) finali S i It is equal to the springback displacement of the i-th spring probe (1).

16. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 13, characterized in that... The third step includes the following steps: 3.1 After the explosion, remove the air shock wave waveform measuring device based on the combined spring probe from the target frame or wall, remove the outer shell (6) and the fixed seat (7), and remove the slide rail cover (5); 3.2 Statistically measure the compression displacement of the probe front tube (11) of M spring probes (1), and record it as S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S1, S1, S2, S9, S1, S1, S2, S1, S1, S2, S1, S3 ...1, S i S M ; 3.3 Calculate the specific impulse of M explosive-bearing sliders (3), and obtain the specific impulse I1, ..., I of the M explosive-bearing sliders (3). i , ..., I M ; 3.4 Define P2(t) = σ si The time of (t) is t cri P2(t) is the shock wave pressure time history curve, and the equivalent strength curve of the i-th spring probe (1) is... D 3i Let S(t) be the diameter of the i-th explosive block (3), and let S(t) be the compression displacement time history curve of the i-th spring probe (1); when P2(t) = σ si At time (t), the spring probe (1) reaches its maximum compression speed. Let the equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe (1) at this time be... Afterwards, the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe (1) gradually decreases; the effective impulse of the shock wave acting on the i-th spring probe (1) is t. cri The area I of the shock wave pressure time history curve P2(t) and the time axis before time step [t]. i The time t until the spring probe (1) stops compressing finali When the compression velocity of the i-th spring probe (1) drops to 0, its compression displacement reaches its maximum value S. finali The equivalent strength of the i-th spring probe Based on this, the equivalent strength of the M spring probes (1) is obtained. 3.5 Given the equivalent strength of M spring probes (1) The effective impulses I1, I2, and I of the shock wave on M spring probes (1) i ... I M Solve for the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent intensities among the M spring probes (1) to obtain B. 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M B i,i+1 B ij B iM B M-1·M B ij It is the i-th equivalent strength With the j-th equivalent strength The slope of the line connecting the two points, with respect to B 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M B i,i+1 B ij B iM B M-1·M The mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve is obtained by calculating the mean. 3.6 Equivalent strength using M spring probes (1) The effective impulses I1, I2, and I of the shock wave on M spring probes (1) i ... I M The slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve is calculated according to the formula. The peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve was obtained by reverse calculation. 2_max According to formula t d ·B=(0-P 2_max ) Determine the duration t of the shock wave pressure time history curve d ; 3.7 Based on the peak value P of the shock wave pressure time history curve 2_max Duration t d Plot the shock wave pressure time history curve with slope B to complete the air shock wave waveform measurement. 3.8 Reset each rubber ring (2) to contact the spring probe rear tube (13), and set up the measuring device according to the steps of the first step to realize the reuse of the measuring device.

17. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 16, characterized in that... The method for calculating the specific impulse of the M explosive-bearing sliders (3) described in step 3.3 is as follows: 3.3.1 Initialize variable i = 1; 3.3.2 Based on the compression displacement S of the i-th spring probe (1) finali The compressive potential energy E of the probe front tube (11) of the i-th spring probe (1) when it reaches the maximum compressive displacement is calculated. i , At this point, the kinetic energy of the i-th explosive block (3) is completely converted into the compressive potential energy of the i-th spring (12), that is... have m i Let v be the mass of the i-th explosive block (3). i The maximum speed of the explosive block (3) is; 3.3.3 According to The maximum velocity v of the i-th explosive block (3) is obtained. i The impulse transmitted by the shock wave to the i-th explosive block (3) is calculated as m. i v i The specific impulse of the i-th explosive block (3) is 3.3.4 Let i = i + 1. If i > M, it means that the specific impulse I1, ..., I of the M explosive blocks (3) has been calculated. i , ..., I M End; if i≤M, go to 3.3.

2.

18. The method for measuring the shock wave waveform of an explosion field using an air shock wave waveform measuring device based on a combined spring probe as described in claim 16, characterized in that... The method described in step 3.5 for solving the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent strengths of the M spring probes (1), and further obtaining the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve by averaging the slopes of the lines connecting the two equivalent strengths, is as follows: 3.5.1 Initialize variable i = 1; 3.5.2 Initialize variable j = i + 1; 3.5.3 According to the formula The i-th equivalent strength is calculated. With the j-th equivalent strength The slope B of the line connecting the two sides ij ; 3.5.4 Let j = j + 1. If j > M, it means that the slope B of the line connecting the i-th equivalent strength and the (i+1)-M-th equivalent strengths has been calculated. i,i+1 B ij B iM If j ≤ M, go to 3.5.5; if j ≤ M, go to 3.5.3; 3.5.5 Let i = i + 1. If i > M, it means that the slope of the line connecting any two equivalent strengths between the 1st and Mth equivalent strengths has been calculated, i.e., B has been obtained. 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M B i,i+1 B ij B iM B M-1·M Go to 3.5.6; if i≤M, go to 3.5.2; 3.5.6 to B 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B 1M B 23 B 24 B 25 B 2M B i,i+1 B ij B iM B M-1·M Find the mean value to obtain the mean slope B of the shock wave pressure time history curve.

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