Sea wave splashing icing simulation experiment research device

Abstract

The invention provides a sea wave splashing icing simulation experiment research device, and belongs to the technical field of machinery and control, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and meteorology. Comprising a contraction section, a spraying system installation opening, a pre-experiment section, an experiment section, an axial flow fan, a data acquisition unit, a flow adjusting device, a fixing structure, a component fixing support and a pressure sensor. Fan blades of the axial flow fan are specially customized by adopting a super-hydrophobic material and are provided with a low-temperature-resistant electric heating instrument. And performing image processing by adopting a thermal imager. The splash icing simulation experiment research device designed by the invention can simulate the icing phenomenon consistent with the marine environment and carry out scientific research, the service life of equipment is greatly prolonged through an anti-corrosion design, and a measurement scheme of brine icing at a low temperature is designed; and meanwhile, the ice coating amount can be quantitatively studied, the icing process can be captured in real time, and a solution is provided for the anti-icing and de-icing problems of the fan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of machinery and control, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and meteorology, and relates to a splash icing simulation experimental research device. Background Art

[0002] In the polar high-latitude waters, when there are strong winds and low air temperatures, water mist generated by the atmospheric environment, marine structures and the impact of waves can cause ice to form in some areas, triggering a series of hazards that will have a serious impact on personnel safety and the normal operation of equipment.

[0003] In domestic and international research, icing wind tunnels are important ground simulation equipment for studying icing phenomena and anti-icing and de-icing devices for ships and marine structures: the icing wind tunnel of the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC) has the ability to simulate icing clouds and fog, but with the promulgation of the SLD icing condition airworthiness standards, the original technical requirements and research results can no longer meet the needs of the wind tunnel in developing SLD simulation capabilities; the AIWT icing wind tunnel affiliated to the National Research Council of Canada is a small vertical reflow icing wind tunnel, but is limited by the maximum water droplet diameter that can be produced by large-particle nozzles, and the degree of consistency with FZRA conditions is poor. In addition, due to the small size of the wind tunnel, large particles cannot be completely supercooled.

[0004] In the field of aviation and wind turbines, ice wind tunnels are usually used for experiments (Q. Wang et al., 2023). Herman et al. (Herman, 2006) preliminarily explored the improved design of ice wind tunnels, and Ma Lisheng et al. (Lisheng et al., 2024) studied the distribution characteristics of liquid water content (LWC) in wind tunnels by numerical methods. Regarding icing behavior, Lozowski et al. (Lozowski et al., 1983) used wind tunnel experiments to study the icing pattern on the surface of a cylinder under high wind speed conditions of 30 to 120 m / s. At present, there are few studies on ice wind tunnel experiments on ship icing. Bhatia studied the ice accumulation rate on the surface of a cylinder by experimental methods to simulate the phenomenon of wave icing. However, his study did not consider the effect of salinity on icing, and the wind tunnel equipment was not used to control the turbulence of the wind in the experiment, but a fan was used for direct blowing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an experimental device that can simulate wave icing.

[0005] Through preliminary experiments and analysis of experimental data, we found that the icing of wind turbine blades greatly affected the experimental results. At the same time, the inability to accurately measure the mass and thickness of ice also affected the experiment, and there was no anti-corrosion and waterproof design for the simulated marine environment. Therefore, we developed a splash icing simulation experimental research device to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] Most of the existing ice accretion devices are designed to simulate the flight environment of aircraft, but the marine environment and the source of ice accretion water are very different from traditional ice wind tunnels. In the current simulation devices, the influence of seawater salinity and the uniformity of liquid water distribution are not considered. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably design and verify the spray device, and to design the whole device for waterproofing / anti-corrosion, and to design a measurement scheme for salt water ice accretion at low temperatures. The main innovations of this invention are data collection, quantification of ice accretion results, and anti-corrosion and waterproof design.

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a splash icing simulation experimental research device, which can simulate the ice accumulation phenomenon consistent with the offshore environment, carry out scientific research, and greatly extend the service life of the equipment through anti-corrosion design, and design a measurement scheme for salt water ice accumulation under low temperature.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A splash icing simulation experimental research device, the splash icing simulation experimental research device comprises a contraction section 1, a spray system installation port 2, a pre-experimental section 3, an experimental section 4, an axial flow fan 5, a data acquisition unit 6, a flow regulating device 7, a fixed structure 8, a component fixing bracket 9, a pressure sensor 10, and a lower drain port 11.

[0010] The contraction section 1 is located at the starting section and is conical. The gradually reduced pipe cross section can accelerate the airflow and reduce turbulence. The diameter difference between the two ends is large. The right end of the contraction section 1 is fixed to the pre-experimental section 3 by bolts or welding.

[0011] The spray system installation port 2 is located on the upper side of the pre-experimental section 3 and is provided with a threaded hole for installing a spray head.

[0012] The pre-experimental section 3 is a tubular structure, and its length is 1 / 4 of the experimental section 4, so as to ensure that the airflow can flow stably in this section. The left end of the pre-experimental section 3 is connected to the contraction section 1, and the right end is connected to the experimental section 4.

[0013] The experimental section 4 is the core area of ​​the wind tunnel, and is in the shape of a rectangular long tube, with sufficient length and width to accommodate the experimental equipment. The left end of the experimental section 4 is connected to the pre-experimental section 3, and the right end is connected to the axial flow fan 5 through a flange, and the stability of the airflow when entering the experimental section 4 is ensured by the axial flow fan 5. A plurality of threads are provided at the bottom of the experimental section 4 to fix the pressure sensor 10.

[0014] The axial flow fan 5 is circular or cylindrical in shape, and its blade design helps to provide a stable airflow.

[0015] The data acquisition unit 6 is an electronic box with various sensors and data interfaces integrated inside. The data acquisition unit 6 is connected to the pressure sensor 10 and other sensors in the experimental section 4 through a cable or a wireless transmission module to ensure real-time acquisition of experimental data. The data acquisition unit 6 is externally connected to the fixed structure 8 through a bracket to ensure the stability of its position.

[0016] The flow regulating device 7 includes a honeycomb mesh and a damping mesh, and the honeycomb mesh and the damping mesh are fixed inside the experimental section 4 .

[0017] The fixed structure 8 is connected to the flow regulating device 7, the experimental section 4 and the fixed bracket 9 by bolts to ensure that each part is not affected by external vibration or airflow disturbance.

[0018] The component fixing bracket 9 is arranged in the experimental section 4 and fixed by bolts, with the upper end connected to the experimental component and the lower end connected to the pressure sensor 10 to ensure the stability of the equipment during operation.

[0019] The pressure sensor 10 is a small rectangular sensor equipped with a measurement interface and outputting a 4-20 mA electrical signal. The pressure sensor 10 is connected to the data acquisition unit 6 through a pipe or cable and is installed in the experimental section 4 by bolts to monitor the pressure change of the airflow.

[0020] The lower drain port 11 is provided with a valve or a pipe joint. The lower drain port 11 is connected to the bottom of the device through a pipe to ensure that excess water or liquid can be discharged smoothly.

[0021] Furthermore, the data acquisition system includes a thermocouple, a hot wire anemometer, a handheld temperature and humidity sensor, a thermal imager and a multi-channel parameter acquisition instrument. Specifically:

[0022] The thermocouple measures temperature by utilizing the thermoelectric potential (voltage change) generated by the joint of two different metal materials when the temperature changes. It has a simple structure, fast response, and a wide measurement range. It is installed on the surface of the test component and the surrounding space to evaluate the temperature change on the component surface.

[0023] The hot wire anemometer is a precision instrument for measuring gas flow velocity. It is based on the principle of heat transfer and determines the air flow velocity by measuring the heat dissipated by the heating element.

[0024] The handheld temperature and humidity sensor is a portable instrument used to measure and monitor the temperature and relative humidity in the environment, and can be fixed on the bracket of the experimental device to measure the wind speed around the component.

[0025] The thermal imager is a device that can detect and convert the temperature distribution of the surface of an object into a visual thermal map. First, the thermal image is pre-processed by grayscale conversion and spatial domain noise reduction. On the surface where the ice layer contacts the object, the temperature of the ice layer is usually close to the freezing point (0°C), while the temperature of the surface of the object is lower or higher. By capturing these temperature differences, the thermal imager can determine the presence of ice and record the thickness of ice accumulation in real time.

[0026] The multi-channel parameter meter is a highly flexible and feature-rich measuring device that can simultaneously measure multiple parameters, such as current, voltage, temperature, pressure, etc. These parameters can be measured independently through different channels. The data acquisition system composed of the above equipment is used to monitor the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the experimental section in real time, and can accurately and efficiently collect data for further experimental research.

[0027] Furthermore, the connection between the contraction section 1 and the pre-experiment section 3 is sealed by a sealing member (such as a rubber ring, a gasket) to ensure smooth and stable airflow.

[0028] Furthermore, the connection between the pre-experimental section 3 and the contraction section 1 and the experimental section 4 is fixed by means of seals (such as rubber rings, gaskets) and bolts to ensure that the airflow is not disturbed.

[0029] Furthermore, the spray system installation port 2 is a circular or rectangular opening, which is determined according to the shape and specifications of the spray device.

[0030] Furthermore, the connection between the experimental section 4 and the axial flow fan 5 is a tightly sealed flange connection, with a seal (gasket) in the middle to prevent airflow leakage and ensure the stability of the airflow. A gasket can also be installed between the experimental section 4 and the axial flow fan 5 to reduce airflow leakage.

[0031] Furthermore, the axial flow fan 5 is a fan whose airflow direction is parallel to the axis of the fan blades, which is often used in ventilation or heat dissipation and is located at the very end of the entire device.

[0032] Furthermore, super-hydrophobic material (polytetrafluoroethylene coating) is sprayed on the blades of the axial flow fan 5 to avoid corrosion and short circuit. Specifically, the fan blades are specially customized with super-hydrophobic material (polytetrafluoroethylene coating). The super-hydrophobic material has the characteristics of ultra-large contact angle and low rolling angle to delay the freezing time of the blades, alleviate the degree of freezing of the blades, and has anti-corrosion function, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and avoiding short circuit problems caused by fan freezing and stopping. At the same time, a resistance wire heating is arranged inside to achieve freezing and eliminate ice coverage, which greatly alleviates the impact of freezing of the axial flow fan blades on the overall experiment.

[0033] Furthermore, in the flow regulating device 7, the honeycomb mesh is usually in the shape of a hexagonal grid, and the damping mesh is in the shape of a fine grid, both of which have a high surface area to better regulate the airflow. The mesh structure is usually installed in the air duct and connected to the fixed structure by bolts or welding to ensure that its position does not shift. Specifically: the honeycomb mesh is a mesh structure composed of hexagonal holes, which is installed at the entrance of the wind tunnel to improve the uniformity and directionality of the airflow, reduce the generation of turbulence and vortices, and improve the aerodynamic quality of the wind tunnel. The damping mesh is a mesh structure made of metal wire or fiber, which is usually installed at the exit of the wind tunnel to eliminate sound waves and pressure waves in the airflow, reduce the interference of noise and vibration, and improve the stability of the wind tunnel.

[0034] Furthermore, the fixed structure 8 is a supporting frame or a support frame, which may be rectangular or annular, and the specific shape depends on actual needs.

[0035] Furthermore, the lower drain port 11 is a circular or rectangular drain port, which is connected to the bottom of the experimental section 4 through threads and is equipped with a drain valve to prevent liquid leakage.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] (1) The present invention refers to the principle of a DC wind tunnel device and creates a stable flow field in the experimental section through a honeycomb mesh, a damping mesh and a low-temperature resistant axial flow fan.

[0038] (2) The present invention can accurately simulate the phenomenon of offshore ice accumulation. Compared with other ice wind tunnel devices, the present invention improves the considerations of spray water salinity, liquid water content uniformity and anti-corrosion / short-circuit design for offshore ice accumulation simulation devices, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

[0039] (3) The present invention prolongs the service life of the equipment through anti-corrosion, anti-fog and waterproof designs, and can simulate the real polar environment through the temperature control system and flow field control system.

[0040] (4) The uniformity of liquid water content in the experimental section can be improved by improving the spray device and pre-test section design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal system of the present invention;

[0043] In the figure: 1 contraction section, 2 spray system installation port, 3 pre-experimental section, 4 experimental section, 5 axial flow fan, 6 data acquisition unit, 7 flow regulating device, 8 spray device, 9 component fixing bracket, 10 pressure sensor, 11 lower drain port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention.

[0045] According to the order from left to right in the attached figure, there are the contraction section, pre-experimental section, experimental section and axial flow fan of the device. Each adjacent part is riveted together. The shell materials of the pre-experimental section and the experimental section are transparent, and the rest are opaque metal materials. Reinforcement ribs are set on both sides of the riveted parts of each part to ensure the firmness of the riveting and the stability of the connection.

[0046] The contraction section 1 is a trumpet-shaped box structure, equipped with a flow regulating device 7 inside, which is composed of a honeycomb mesh and a damping mesh. The honeycomb mesh has a porosity of 2mm and a hexagonal structure; the damping mesh is 2 layers, and the mesh size is 2mm. There is a rectangular opening at the top of the pre-experimental section 3, which serves as a spray device installation port 2. A spray device 8 is provided at the top of the pre-experimental section 3, which is composed of multiple groups of ultrasonic nozzles arranged in a specific arrangement. The nozzles can be rotated in a horizontal plane to ensure that the sprayed water mist can evenly fill the entire box.

[0047] The experimental section 4 is a box of 500mm×500mm×700mm. Inside the experimental section 4, a component fixing bracket 9 is installed, which is placed above the pressure sensor (10). There is a circular opening with a diameter of 2cm below, and a valve is provided as a water outlet (11) below. The pressure sensor 10 is installed in the center of the bottom surface of the box and connected to the experimental section 4 by a threaded screw. The ice mass can be quantitatively measured by the real-time weight change of the pressure sensor.

[0048] The data acquisition unit 6 includes a thermocouple, a hot wire anemometer, a handheld temperature and humidity sensor, a thermal imager, and a multi-channel parameter acquisition instrument. These devices are used to monitor the temperature, humidity, and wind speed of the experimental section 4 in real time. The internal state of the device can be detected in real time through the display screen.

[0049] The weighing system, which consists of two pressure sensors (with an accuracy of ±0.2g) and a tray, uses a suspension method combined with the pressure sensor to monitor the amount of ice covering the component surface in real time.

[0050] The anti-icing system is made of super-hydrophobic material and has resistance wires arranged inside the fan blades to avoid corrosion, icing and short circuits during the experiment.

[0051] The spray device 8 is composed of multiple nozzles to achieve a 360° coverage effect of water mist. The nozzles can be selected according to the droplet particle size required for the test.

[0052] The present invention combines a flow field control system, a temperature control system, an anti-icing system, a weighing system, an image processing system and a data acquisition system. By building an experimental platform for splash icing simulation research, the process of splash icing on the ship superstructure is predicted and simulated. The study of the splash icing law of the ship superstructure can help us prevent the harm caused by icing, find a more economical and efficient deicing solution, and provide new ideas for the development of polar equipment and its cold-proof technology. Ships and marine equipment operating in polar regions are faced with the problem of seawater splashing and ice accumulation, which may cause equipment damage and even casualties. Through this invention, the service life of equipment can be extended, the work efficiency of workers can be improved, and the work risk can be greatly reduced, ensuring the safety of people's lives.

[0053] The above-described embodiments merely express the implementation methods of the present invention, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wave splashing ice-covering simulation experimental research device, characterized in that: The splash ice simulation experimental research device comprises a contraction section (1), a spray system installation port (2), a pre-experimental section (3), an experimental section (4), an axial flow fan (5), a data acquisition unit (6), a flow regulating device (7), a fixed structure (8), a component fixing bracket (9), a pressure sensor (10), and a lower water discharge port (11); The contraction section (1) is located at the starting section and is conical. The gradually decreasing pipe cross section can accelerate the airflow and reduce turbulence. The right end of the contraction section (1) is fixed to the pre-experimental section (3) by bolts or welding. The spray system installation port (2) is located on the upper side of the pre-experimental section (3) and is used for installing a spray head; The pre-experimental section (3) is a tubular structure, and its length is shorter than that of the experimental section (4), and the airflow can flow stably in this section; the left end of the pre-experimental section (3) is connected to the contraction section (1), and the right end is connected to the experimental section (4); The experimental section (4) is the core area of ​​the wind tunnel. The left end of the experimental section (4) is connected to the pre-experimental section (3), and the right end is connected to the axial flow fan (5) through a flange. The axial flow fan (5) ensures the stability of the airflow when it enters the experimental section (4). A fixed pressure sensor (10) is installed at the bottom of the experimental section (4) to monitor the pressure change of the airflow. The data acquisition unit (6) is an electronic box, which integrates various sensors and data interfaces; the data acquisition unit (6) is connected to the pressure sensor (10) and other sensors in the experimental section (4) through a cable or a wireless transmission module to obtain experimental data in real time; the data acquisition unit (6) is externally connected to the fixed structure (8) through a bracket; The flow regulating device (7) comprises a honeycomb mesh and a damping mesh, and the honeycomb mesh and the damping mesh are fixed inside the experimental section (4); The fixed structure (8) is connected to the flow regulating device (7), the experimental section (4) and the fixed bracket (9), and each part is not affected by external vibration or airflow disturbance; The component fixing bracket (9) is arranged in the experimental section (4), the upper end of which is connected to the experimental component, and the lower end of which is connected to the pressure sensor (10) to ensure the stability of the equipment during operation; The lower drain port (11) is provided with a valve or a pipe joint; the lower drain port (11) is connected to the bottom of the device via a pipe, ensuring that excess water or liquid can be discharged smoothly.

2. The wave splashing and ice covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data acquisition 6 includes a thermocouple, a hot wire anemometer, a handheld temperature and humidity sensor, a thermal imager and a multi-channel parameter acquisition instrument.

3. The wave splashing and ice covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The connection between the contraction section (1) and the pre-experiment section (3) is sealed by a sealing member to ensure smooth and stable air flow.

4. The wave splashing and ice covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The connection between the pre-experiment section (3) and the contraction section (1) and the experimental section (4) is fixed by means of seals and bolts to ensure that the airflow is not disturbed.

5. The wave splashing and ice covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The experimental section (4) and the axial flow fan (5) are connected by a tightly sealed flange connection, with a seal in the middle to prevent airflow leakage and ensure the stability of the airflow.

6. The wave splashing ice-covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The axial flow fan (5) is a fan in which the airflow direction is parallel to the axis of the fan blades and is located at the very end of the entire device.

7. The wave splashing and ice covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Super-hydrophobic material is sprayed on the blades of the axial flow fan (5).

8. The wave splashing and ice covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The super hydrophobic material is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

9. The wave splashing and ice covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the flow regulating device (7), the honeycomb mesh is usually in the shape of a hexagonal grid, and the damping mesh is in the shape of a fine grid. The mesh structure is installed in the wind duct and connected to the fixed structure by bolts or welding. Specifically: the honeycomb mesh is installed at the entrance of the wind tunnel, and the damping mesh is made of metal wire or fiber and installed at the exit of the wind tunnel.

10. The wave splashing ice-covering simulation experimental research device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower drain port (11) is a circular or rectangular drain port, and is connected to the bottom of the experimental section (4) via threads.

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