Three-dimensional wind speed measuring system and measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional wind speed measurement system and method, and belongs to the field of meteorological measurement equipment, the three-dimensional wind speed measurement system comprises a transmitting sensor and three receiving sensors, and accurate measurement of a three-dimensional wind field is realized by combining an optimized space geometric structure design and a signal processing method. Compared with the prior art, the number of sensors is remarkably reduced, the requirement for interchange of transmitting and receiving functions in the prior art is avoided, hardware and software design is simplified, and system power consumption and the overall weight are reduced. By designing a simple supporting structure and optimizing the layout of the sensor, the structure shadow effect in the measurement process is effectively reduced, and the measurement precision and environmental adaptability of the system are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of meteorological measurement equipment, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional wind speed measurement system and a measurement method. Background Art

[0002] Wind speed measurement is an important technical requirement in the fields of meteorology, aviation, aerospace, etc. Traditional wind speed measurement equipment usually relies on mechanical parts, such as cup anemometers or wind vanes. These devices have problems such as long response time, easy wear, and complex maintenance, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high precision and real-time performance. In recent years, ultrasonic-based wind speed measurement technology has gradually been widely used. Ultrasonic wind speed measurement equipment uses the propagation characteristics of sound waves in the air to calculate wind speed by measuring the flight time difference of sound waves, avoiding the wear problem of mechanical parts and having the advantages of high precision and fast response.

[0003] However, the existing ultrasonic wind speed measurement technology still has the following shortcomings in three-dimensional wind speed measurement. (1) A large number of sensors: In the existing technology, multiple sensors are usually required to act as transmitters and receivers for each other, which not only increases the hardware cost but also increases the complexity of the system. (2) Shadow effect of sensors and structures: Due to the sensor arrangement method commonly used in the existing ultrasonic wind measurement technology, there is a shadow effect of sensors and structures when measuring wind speed, which affects the measurement accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a three-dimensional wind speed measurement system, comprising:

[0005] Support structure, driving submodule, transmitting sensor, receiving sensor, receiving submodule, environmental measurement unit and signal processing unit:

[0006] The support structure is used to fix the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor to ensure that the geometric position relationship between the sensors remains unchanged;

[0007] The driving submodule is connected to the transmitting sensor and is used to amplify the driving signal to the transmitting sensor;

[0008] The transmitting sensor is connected to the supporting structure and is used to transmit an acoustic signal based on the driving signal;

[0009] The receiving sensor is connected to the supporting structure and is used to receive the acoustic signal;

[0010] The receiving submodule is connected to the receiving sensor and is used to amplify the acoustic signal and then send it to the signal processing unit;

[0011] An environmental measurement unit, connected to the signal processing unit, for obtaining environmental parameters of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure;

[0012] The signal processing unit is connected to the receiving submodule, and is used to calculate the flight time of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor, calculate the sound speed based on the environmental parameters, and calculate the components of the three-dimensional wind speed based on the flight time, the sound speed and the known geometric position relationship between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the support structure is a simple open annular structure, the transmitting sensor is arranged in the center of the top of the annular support structure, and the receiving sensor is arranged below the annular support structure.

[0014] Preferably, the number of the receiving sensors is three, and the receiving sensors are arranged at a position with a certain inclination angle at the bottom of the annular support structure, and the three receiving sensors and the transmitting sensor together form a non-coplanar three-dimensional geometric structure.

[0015] Preferably, the signal processing unit is also used to generate a driving signal and transmit it to the driving submodule.

[0016] Preferably, the driving submodule comprises a signal amplifying circuit, and the signal amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the driving signal and transmitting the amplified signal to the transmitting sensor.

[0017] Preferably, the receiving submodule comprises a signal filtering and amplifying circuit for filtering and amplifying the acoustic signal received by the receiving sensor.

[0018] Preferably, the signal processing unit calculates the speed of sound using the expression:

[0019]

[0020] Where C is the speed of sound, R * is the molar gas constant, M a is the molar mass of air, γ is the specific heat ratio, and T is the atmospheric temperature measured by the environmental measurement unit.

[0021] Preferably, the signal processing unit calculates the expression of the components of the three-dimensional wind speed as follows:

[0022] v x ,v y ,v z =f(d,t,C);

[0023] Among them, v x is the component of wind speed on the x-axis, v y is the component of wind speed on the y-axis, v zis the component of wind speed on the z-axis, d is the known relative distance between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor, and t is the flight time from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor.

[0024] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a three-dimensional wind speed measurement method, comprising:

[0025] The signal processing unit sends a driving signal to the driving submodule, and the driving submodule amplifies the driving signal and causes the transmitting sensor to send an acoustic signal to the receiving sensor;

[0026] The receiving submodule filters and amplifies the acoustic signal and transmits it to the signal processing unit;

[0027] After receiving the acoustic signal, the signal processing unit calculates the flight time of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor, calculates the speed of sound based on the environmental parameters, and calculates the components of the three-dimensional wind speed based on the flight time, the speed of sound and the known geometric position relationship between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0029] (1) Hardware simplification: The system only requires one transmitting sensor and three receiving sensors. There is no need to switch the sensor’s transmitting and receiving functions, which reduces system complexity and power consumption.

[0030] (2) High-precision and lightweight design: The support structure adopts an open, simple, non-coplanar three-dimensional geometric layout, which reduces the obstruction of the wind field, thereby reducing the shadow effect of the structure, optimizing the wind resistance performance, improving the wind measurement accuracy, and greatly reducing the weight of the system.

[0031] (3) Strong environmental adaptability: It can obtain the speed of sound in the current environment in real time and is suitable for wind measurement needs of various platforms in ground and high-altitude environments, such as ground meteorological stations and solar-powered drones, stratospheric airships, high-altitude balloons and other platforms used in high-altitude environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the sensor arrangement structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of system composition of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional wind speed measurement system, including:

[0039] Support structure, driving submodule, transmitting sensor, receiving sensor, receiving submodule, environmental measurement unit and signal processing unit:

[0040] The support structure is used to fix the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor to ensure that the geometric position relationship between the sensors remains unchanged;

[0041] The driving submodule is connected to the transmitting sensor and is used to amplify the driving signal to the transmitting sensor;

[0042] The transmitting sensor is connected to the supporting structure and is used to transmit an acoustic signal based on the driving signal;

[0043] The receiving sensor is connected to the supporting structure and is used to receive the acoustic signal;

[0044] The receiving submodule is connected to the receiving sensor and is used to amplify the acoustic signal and then send it to the signal processing unit;

[0045] An environmental measurement unit, connected to the signal processing unit, for obtaining environmental parameters of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure;

[0046] The signal processing unit is connected to the receiving submodule, and is used to calculate the flight time of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor, calculate the sound speed based on the environmental parameters, and calculate the components of the three-dimensional wind speed based on the flight time, the sound speed and the known geometric position relationship between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor.

[0047] This system mainly includes the following modules:

[0048] Transmitter sensor: responsible for transmitting acoustic signals, no need to switch to receiving mode, located at the top center of the ring support structure.

[0049] Receiving sensor: The three receiving sensors are arranged at the bottom of the annular support structure to form a regular triangular layout. The position of each receiving sensor is known, and they form a non-coplanar spatial geometric relationship with the transmitting sensor. The receiving sensor is only used to receive acoustic signals and does not need to switch to the transmitting mode, thereby simplifying the hardware and software design.

[0050] Support structure: The overall design is a ring, which is used to fix the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor to ensure that the geometric position relationship between the sensors remains unchanged; the frame is made of lightweight and high-strength materials (such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber) and is designed as a simple open structure to reduce obstruction to the wind field, thereby reducing the structural shadow effect, optimizing the wind resistance performance, improving the wind measurement accuracy, and reducing the overall weight.

[0051] Driving submodule: connected to the transmitting sensor, used to drive the transmitting sensor.

[0052] Receiving submodule: connected to three receiving sensors and used to amplify the output signals of the receiving sensors.

[0053] Signal processing unit: generates driving signals; receives sensor signals and measures the flight time of acoustic signals; receives environmental parameters such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure measured by the environmental measurement unit, calculates the speed of sound, and then calculates the three-dimensional wind speed component v by combining the acoustic signal flight time and spatial position geometry. x ,v y ,v z .

[0054] Environmental measurement unit: measures environmental parameters such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure, and is used to calculate the speed of sound in the current environment.

[0055] Furthermore, the support structure is a simple open annular structure, the transmitting sensor is arranged in the center of the top of the annular support structure, and the receiving sensor is arranged below the annular support structure.

[0056] Furthermore, the number of the receiving sensors is three, and the receiving sensors are arranged at a position with a certain inclination angle at the bottom of the annular support structure, and the three receiving sensors and the transmitting sensor together form a non-coplanar three-dimensional geometric structure.

[0057] Furthermore, the signal processing unit is also used to generate a driving signal and transmit it to the driving submodule.

[0058] Furthermore, the driving submodule includes a signal amplifying circuit, and the signal amplifying circuit is used to amplify the driving signal and transmit it to the transmitting sensor.

[0059] Furthermore, the receiving submodule includes a signal filtering and amplifying circuit for filtering and amplifying the acoustic signal received by the receiving sensor.

[0060] Furthermore, the signal processing unit calculates the speed of sound as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where C is the speed of sound, R * is the molar gas constant, M a is the molar mass of air, γ is the specific heat ratio, and T is the atmospheric temperature measured by the environmental measurement unit.

[0063] Furthermore, the signal processing unit calculates the expression of the components of the three-dimensional wind speed as follows:

[0064] v x ,v y ,v z =f(d,t,C);

[0065] Among them, v x is the component of wind speed on the x-axis, v y is the component of wind speed on the y-axis, v z is the component of wind speed on the z-axis, d is the known relative distance between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor, and t is the flight time from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor.

[0066] On the other hand, this embodiment also provides a three-dimensional wind speed measurement method, including:

[0067] The signal processing unit sends a driving signal to the driving submodule, and the driving submodule amplifies the driving signal and causes the transmitting sensor to send an acoustic signal to the receiving sensor;

[0068] The receiving submodule filters and amplifies the acoustic signal and transmits it to the signal processing unit;

[0069] After receiving the acoustic signal, the signal processing unit calculates the flight time of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor, calculates the speed of sound based on the environmental parameters, and calculates the components of the three-dimensional wind speed based on the flight time, the speed of sound and the known geometric position relationship between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor.

[0070] Embodiment 2

[0071] This embodiment provides a three-dimensional wind speed measurement system, including:

[0072] A transmitting sensor: used for transmitting acoustic signals, the transmitting sensor is fixed at the top center of the supporting structure, and does not need to be switched to a receiving mode;

[0073] Three receiving sensors: used to receive the acoustic signal emitted by the transmitting sensor, the receiving sensors are respectively arranged at known positions below the supporting structure that are not coplanar with the transmitting sensor, forming a regular triangular layout, without switching to the transmitting mode;

[0074] Furthermore, the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor may be configured as an ultrasonic transducer in an ultrasonic anemometer, and the ultrasonic transducer is a transmitter-receiver integrated device;

[0075] On the other hand, the transmitting sensor can also be set as a speaker, and the receiving sensor can also be set as a microphone.

[0076] Support structure: a ring-shaped design, used to fix the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor to ensure that the geometric position relationship between them is fixed. The support structure is made of lightweight and high-strength materials and has a simple open structure to reduce the obstruction of the wind field, thereby reducing the shadow effect of the structure and improving the wind measurement accuracy;

[0077] Driving submodule: connected to the transmitting sensor, used to amplify the driving signal so that the transmitting sensor emits an acoustic signal;

[0078] Receiving submodule: connected to three receiving sensors, used to receive and amplify signals from the receiving sensors;

[0079] Signal processing unit:

[0080] Generate a driving signal and transmit it to the driving submodule;

[0081] Receive and process the signal from the receiving submodule, and measure the flight time t1, t2 and t3 of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to each receiving sensor;

[0082] Receive the atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure measured in real time by the environmental measurement unit, and use these parameters to calculate the speed of sound;

[0083] The components of the three-dimensional wind speed are calculated based on the flight time, the known geometric position relationship between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor, and the speed of sound.

[0084] Environmental measurement unit: used to measure the current environment's atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and other parameters in real time.

[0085] Furthermore, the transmitting sensor is arranged at the center of the top of the annular support structure, and the receiving sensors are arranged at three points below the annular support structure, forming a regular triangular layout.

[0086] Furthermore, the receiving sensor is arranged at a position with a certain inclination angle at the bottom of the annular support structure (the inclination angle refers to the angle between the end face normal of the receiving sensor and the end face normal of the transmitting sensor, which can be 10° to 30°), and the three receiving sensors and the transmitting sensor together form a non-coplanar three-dimensional geometric structure.

[0087] Furthermore, the front center of the receiving sensor points to the transmitting sensor to optimize the strength of the received signal and reduce signal loss.

[0088] Furthermore, the support structure is designed as a simple open annular frame to reduce the obstruction to the wind field, thereby reducing the shadow effect of the structure and improving the wind measurement accuracy.

[0089] Furthermore, the support structure is designed as a modular structure, allowing the positions of the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor to be adjusted to adapt to different application scenarios and measurement requirements.

[0090] Furthermore, the environmental measurement unit can measure parameters such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure in the current environment in real time, which can be used to calculate the speed of sound, making the three-dimensional wind speed measurement system suitable for wind measurement needs of various platforms in ground and high-altitude environments, such as ground meteorological stations and solar-powered drones, stratospheric airships, high-altitude balloons and other platforms used in high-altitude environments.

[0091] The signal processing unit uses parameters such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure to calculate the speed of sound C according to the following formula.

[0092]

[0093] Where R * is the molar gas constant, and its value is 8.3143 J / (mol·K);

[0094] T is the atmospheric temperature measured by the environmental measurement unit;

[0095] M a is the molar mass of air,

[0096] γ is the specific heat ratio,

[0097] q is specific humidity, p is the air pressure measured by the environmental measurement unit, and e is the water vapor pressure, which is obtained by multiplying the relative humidity measured by the environmental measurement unit by the saturated water vapor pressure at the current temperature.

[0098] Furthermore, the driving submodule includes a signal amplifying circuit for amplifying the driving signal generated by the signal processing unit, so that the transmitting sensor can transmit the acoustic signal with a required intensity.

[0099] Furthermore, the receiving submodule includes a signal filtering and amplifying circuit for filtering and amplifying the acoustic signal received by the receiving sensor.

[0100] Further, the signal processing unit calculates the three-dimensional wind speed component according to the following steps:

[0101] Measuring the flight times t1, t2 and t3 of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to each receiving sensor;

[0102] Calculate the speed of sound C in the current environment;

[0103] The wind speed components are calculated using the following formula:

[0104] v x ,v y ,v z =f(d,t,C)

[0105] Wherein, d refers to the geometric distance between the transmitting sensor and each receiving sensor, which are d1, d2 and d3 respectively, and t refers to the flight time, which are t1, t2 and t3 respectively.

[0106] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional wind speed measurement system, characterized in that: include: Support structure, driving submodule, transmitting sensor, receiving sensor, receiving submodule, environmental measurement unit and signal processing unit: The support structure is used to fix the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor to ensure that the geometric position relationship between the sensors remains unchanged; The driving submodule is connected to the transmitting sensor and is used to amplify the driving signal to the transmitting sensor; The transmitting sensor is connected to the supporting structure and is used to transmit an acoustic signal based on the driving signal; The receiving sensor is connected to the supporting structure and is used to receive the acoustic signal; The receiving submodule is connected to the receiving sensor and is used to amplify the acoustic signal and then send it to the signal processing unit; An environmental measurement unit, connected to the signal processing unit, for obtaining environmental parameters of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and air pressure; The signal processing unit is connected to the receiving submodule, and is used to calculate the flight time of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor, calculate the sound speed based on the environmental parameters, and calculate the components of the three-dimensional wind speed based on the flight time, the sound speed and the known geometric position relationship between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The support structure is a simple open annular structure, the transmitting sensor is arranged in the center of the top of the annular support structure, and the receiving sensor is arranged below the annular support structure.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The number of the receiving sensors is three, and the receiving sensors are arranged at a position with a certain inclination angle at the bottom of the annular support structure, and the three receiving sensors and the transmitting sensor together form a non-coplanar three-dimensional geometric structure.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The signal processing unit is also used to generate a driving signal and transmit it to the driving submodule.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The driving submodule includes a signal amplifying circuit, and the signal amplifying circuit is used to amplify the driving signal and transmit it to the transmitting sensor.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The receiving submodule includes a signal filtering and amplifying circuit, which is used to filter and amplify the acoustic signal received by the receiving sensor.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The signal processing unit calculates the speed of sound using the following expression: Where C is the speed of sound, R * is the molar gas constant, M a is the molar mass of air, γ is the specific heat ratio, and T is the atmospheric temperature measured by the environmental measurement unit.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The signal processing unit calculates the expression of the three-dimensional wind speed component as follows: v x ,v y ,v z =f(d,t,C); Among them, v x is the component of wind speed on the x-axis, v y is the component of wind speed on the y-axis, v z is the component of wind speed on the z-axis, d is the known relative distance between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor, and t is the flight time from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor.

9. A three-dimensional wind speed measurement method, characterized in that: include: The signal processing unit sends a driving signal to the driving submodule, and the driving submodule amplifies the driving signal and causes the transmitting sensor to send an acoustic signal to the receiving sensor; The receiving submodule filters and amplifies the acoustic signal and transmits it to the signal processing unit; After receiving the acoustic signal, the signal processing unit calculates the flight time of the acoustic signal from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor, calculates the speed of sound based on the environmental parameters, and calculates the components of the three-dimensional wind speed based on the flight time, the speed of sound and the known geometric position relationship between the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor.

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