Seismic shot gather denoising method, device, storage medium and processor

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of geological exploration and discloses a seismic shot gather denoising method, device, storage medium, and processor. The present invention extracts multiple target seismic trace data from the seismic shot gather, obtains a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data, and the multiple target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; performs a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; and screens the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients based on the apparent velocity difference between coherent noise and effective reflection waves in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients. Thus, the difference between the effective reflection wave and the coherent noise can be increased, thereby making the coherent noise easier to remove and thus improving the coherent noise removal effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to a seismic shot gather denoising method, a seismic shot gather denoising device, a machine-readable storage medium and a processor. Background Art

[0002] In seismic exploration and survey, seismic shot gathers are the most original seismic data. The coherent noise in seismic shot gathers is a key factor affecting the subsequent data processing effect. Therefore, it is crucial to remove the coherent noise in seismic shot gathers.

[0003] Currently, noise removal is typically performed by transforming seismic shot gathers into low-dimensional spaces such as the frequency, time-frequency, and intercept-dip domains using methods such as low-pass filtering, abnormal amplitude suppression, and tau-p transforms. However, after transforming seismic shot gathers into these low-dimensional spaces, the difference between the effective reflection waves and coherent noise in the seismic shot gathers is not obvious, resulting in unsatisfactory coherent noise removal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of poor coherent noise removal effect in seismic shot gathers in the prior art, and to provide a seismic shot gather denoising method, a seismic shot gather denoising device, a machine-readable storage medium and a processor.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for denoising a seismic shot gather, the method comprising:

[0006] extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth;

[0007] performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0008] screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0009] Reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector gather of the target;

[0010] The target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather are replaced by the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data includes:

[0012] The plurality of target seismic trace data are rearranged according to their respective corresponding spatial positions to obtain the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

[0013] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is performed on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including:

[0014] Using the mother wavelet function of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, a discrete form of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet;

[0015] The three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers are multiplied by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and an inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present application, multiplying the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier-Mellin domain includes:

[0017] resampling the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers and transforming them into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data;

[0018] resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data;

[0019] The first transformed data is multiplied by the second transformed data.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional common offset vector gather is subjected to a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform based on the Fourier-Mellin transform, which is performed based on the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] ;

[0023] in, The result obtained by resampling the 3D common offset vector gathers and performing Fourier-Mellin transform; The result obtained by Fourier-Mellin transform of three-dimensional wavelet resampling.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including:

[0025] converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first inclination angle;

[0026] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle smaller than the first inclination angle are used as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, the screening of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients using the first inclination angle includes: setting the coefficients of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle greater than the first inclination angle to zero.

[0028] A second aspect of the present application provides a seismic shot gather denoising device, comprising:

[0029] a data extraction module, configured to extract a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth;

[0030] a transform module, configured to perform a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0031] a screening module, configured to screen the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0032] A data reconstruction module is used to reconstruct the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain the target three-dimensional common offset vector gathers;

[0033] The data relocation module is used to replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0034] A third aspect of the present application provides a processor configured to execute the above-mentioned seismic shot gather denoising method.

[0035] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a machine-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are executed by a processor, the processor is configured to execute the above-mentioned seismic shot gather denoising method.

[0036] The technical solution includes: extracting multiple target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data, and obtaining the multiple target seismic trace data having the same offset and the same azimuth; performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients based on the apparent velocity difference between coherent noise and effective reflection waves in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; reconstructing the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain a target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather; and replacing the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather. By constructing a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the waveforms of the effective reflection waves of each seismic trace data in the gather have high consistency, and by performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the difference between the effective reflection wave and the coherent noise can be increased, so that the coherent noise is easier to remove, thereby improving the coherent noise removal effect.

[0037] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following detailed description, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present application but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 The following schematically shows a flow chart of a seismic shot gather denoising method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional record of a seismic shot gather according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional section of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather according to an embodiment of the present application is shown schematically;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a time section of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional profile of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather with coherent noise removed according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0044] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a time section of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather with coherent noise removed according to an embodiment of the present application is shown schematically;

[0045] Figure 7 The following schematically shows a structural block diagram of a seismic shot gather denoising device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 8 The internal structure diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown.

[0047] Description of Reference Numerals

[0048] 710 - data extraction module; 720 - transformation module; 730 - screening module; 740 - data reconstruction module; 750 - data relocation module; A01 - processor; A02 - network interface; A03 - internal memory; A04 - display screen; A05 - input device; A06 - non-volatile storage medium; B01 - operating system; B02 - computer program. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), such directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0051] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0052] As described in the background, in surface seismic surveys, seismic shot gathers, also known as common-shot gathers, are the primary seismic data and are crucial for subsequent data processing and geological interpretation. Coherent noise in seismic shot gathers is characterized by large amplitude, low frequency bandwidth, and low apparent velocity, severely impacting the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the shot gathers (especially for near-offset data containing rich reflection wave information). The SNR of a seismic shot gather is a crucial factor influencing subsequent data processing, making it crucial to remove coherent noise from the shot gathers. Currently, methods such as low-pass filtering, anomalous amplitude suppression, and tau-p transforms are commonly used to remove coherent noise from seismic shot gathers. These methods transform the shot gathers into low-dimensional spaces such as the frequency domain, time-frequency domain, and intercept-dip domain to remove noise. For example, the tau-p transform transforms two-dimensional seismic data into a two-dimensional intercept-slope space. However, after transforming the seismic shot gathers into low-dimensional spaces such as the frequency domain, time-frequency domain, and intercept-dip domain, the difference between the effective reflection waves and coherent noise in the seismic shot gathers is not obvious, and the two are difficult to separate, resulting in unsatisfactory coherent noise removal effects.

[0053] To address this, an embodiment of the present application provides a seismic shot gather denoising method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the seismic shot gather denoising method may include the following steps:

[0054] Step 101: extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data.

[0055] Seismic shot gathers are the most primitive data records in seismic exploration, usually obtained from a single explosive charge or vibroseis excitation. Seismic shot gathers generally consist of multiple seismic traces.

[0056] like Figure 2 The figure shows a two-dimensional record of a seismic shot gather in a certain work area. The vertical axis is the time axis and the horizontal axis is the channel number. Figure 2 It can be seen from the figure that the effective reflected wave waveform changes rapidly with the offset distance, and the waveform consistency is not high. The effective reflected wave is the reflected wave used to solve the corresponding geological task, which can usually be a reflected longitudinal wave.

[0057] In this embodiment of the present application, the multiple target seismic trace data have the same offset and azimuth. That is, seismic trace data with the same offset and azimuth are extracted from the seismic shot gathers to form a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather. In other words, a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather is a three-dimensional seismic data volume formed by extracting and rearranging seismic trace data with the same offset and azimuth from the seismic shot gathers.

[0058] The multiple target seismic traces used to form the 3D common-offset vector gather have the same offset and azimuth, ensuring that the spatial waveforms of the effective reflection waves corresponding to the seismic traces in the 3D common-offset vector gather are highly consistent. This can significantly increase the difference between coherent noise and effective reflection waves in subsequent processes.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, for Figure 2 The 2D profile of the 3D common offset vector gather is obtained by extracting the corresponding seismic shot gather. The vertical axis is the time axis and the horizontal axis is the space axis. Figure 3 It can be seen from the figure that the waveform of the effective reflected wave has high consistency.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, for Figure 2 The time section of the three-dimensional common offset vector gather is obtained by extracting the corresponding seismic shot gather. One axis is the x-axis and the other axis is the y-axis. Figure 4 It can be seen that there is more coherent noise and the signal-to-noise ratio is low.

[0061] To facilitate subsequent processing of the data in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the plurality of target seismic trace data may be rearranged according to a preset rule to obtain the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather. The preset rule may include a spatial position. That is, step 101 of obtaining the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data may include rearranging the plurality of target seismic trace data according to the spatial positions corresponding to the plurality of target seismic trace data to obtain the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

[0062] For the convenience of subsequent description, the three-dimensional common offset vector gather can be expressed as , where offset represents the offset distance, Indicates the azimuth, x, y and t respectively indicate the index of x direction, y direction and t direction. The x direction and y direction both indicate the spatial direction, and the t direction indicates the time direction. For the convenience of description, x, y and t can be recorded as a vector , then the three-dimensional common offset vector gather Can be recorded as .

[0063] Step 102: Perform a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0064] The Fourier-Mellin transform, also known as the Fourier-Mellin transform, is to resample the data (such as geometric series sampling in the radial direction and uniform sampling in the angular direction) and then perform a high-dimensional Fourier transform.

[0065] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (3DCWT) is a sparse transform that decomposes a three-dimensional data volume into a six-dimensional data volume. The six dimensions can be a three-dimensional translation variable, a one-dimensional scale variable, a one-dimensional inclination variable, and a one-dimensional azimuth variable.

[0066] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform not based on Fourier-Mellin transform can be: transform the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers As a 3D data volume and 3D common offset vector gathers The three-dimensional wavelet obtained through translation, scaling and rotation operations is subjected to inner product operation to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0067] The calculation formula corresponding to the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform not based on Fourier-Mellin transform can be shown as formula (1):

[0068]

[0069] (1);

[0070] Among them, It represents the three-dimensional wavelet obtained by translation, scaling and rotation operations. Its specific form is ; Represents the inner product operation of two vectors, represents taking the conjugate of the complex wavelet; a represents the scale of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, represents the inclination angle of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, represents the azimuth of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, represents the three-dimensional translation vector, Indicates the inclination of the vector and azimuth Rotate.

[0071] Because the data corresponding to the 3D common-offset vector traces is relatively large, directly performing a 3D continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is time-consuming. This is why the prior art does not apply the CWT to raw shot gather data. To improve the efficiency of the CWT and enable rapid implementation, in this embodiment, a CWT can be performed on the 3D common-offset vector trace gathers in combination with a Fourier-Mellin transform (FT).

[0072] In one embodiment, step 102 performs a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, which may include steps A and B, specifically as follows:

[0073] Step A: Using a 3D continuous wavelet transform mother wavelet function, a 3D continuous wavelet transform discrete form that satisfies the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a 3D wavelet. For example, translation, scaling, and rotation operations are performed to obtain the 3D wavelet.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, the process of obtaining the three-dimensional wavelet in step A may be the same as the process of obtaining the three-dimensional wavelet in the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform not based on the Fourier-Mellin transform.

[0075] Step B: multiplying the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and performing inverse Fourier transform to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present application, step B multiplies the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather with the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, which may specifically include: resampling the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather and transforming it to the Fourier Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data; resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it to the Fourier Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data; and multiplying the first transformed data by the second transformed data.

[0077] The three-dimensional common offset vector gather is resampled by adopting geometric progression sampling in the radial direction and arithmetic progression sampling in the angular direction. The three-dimensional wavelet is resampled by adopting geometric progression sampling in the radial direction and arithmetic progression sampling in the angular direction.

[0078] For three-dimensional data The data obtained by resampling can be recorded as ,in, is the radial sampling variable, is the sampling in the inclination direction, is the sampling direction of the azimuth angle. The result obtained by Fourier-Mellin transform is shown in formula (2):

[0079] (2);

[0080] in, 、 and Three variables representing the three-dimensional Fourier-Mellin transform.

[0081] Based on the above formula (2), the result obtained after resampling the 3D common offset vector gather and performing Fourier-Mellin transform can be calculated. The result can be expressed as , written as the Fourier-Mellin transform, the result is Similarly, based on the above formula (2), the result obtained after the three-dimensional wavelet resampling and Fourier-Mellin transform can be calculated, which can be recorded as , written as the Fourier-Mellin transform, the result is .

[0082] Furthermore, the calculation formula corresponding to the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform based on Fourier-Mellin transform can be shown as formula (3):

[0083]

[0084] (3);

[0085] in, is pi.

[0086] Since the translation variable is three-dimensional, the scaling variable is one-dimensional, and the rotation variable is two-dimensional when performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients obtained by the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform constitute a six-dimensional data body.

[0087] Step 103 : Screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0088] In specific implementation, step 103 may include step C and step D, as follows:

[0089] Step C: converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first tilt angle.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, the apparent velocity of the coherent noise can be measured in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather. Specifically, the ratio of the time sampling point to the space sampling point is used as the apparent velocity. For the three-dimensional common offset vector gather, two points are selected on one axis of the coherent noise. The time sampling difference between the two points is , the spatial sampling difference between these two points is , then the calculation process of the first dip angle of coherent noise is shown in formula (4):

[0091] (4);

[0092] in, is the inverse tangent function.

[0093] Step D: screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients using the first inclination angle, and taking the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an inclination angle smaller than the first inclination angle as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0094] Among them, taking the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an inclination angle smaller than the first inclination angle as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients can be understood as retaining the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an angle smaller than the first inclination angle.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened by using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an inclination angle less than the first inclination angle are retained, which may include: for the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients , for inclination angles greater than the coherent noise To set it to zero, it can be shown as formula (5):

[0096] (5);

[0097] in, The tilt error control item set to retain the effective wave can generally be 5 degrees.

[0098] Through the above settings, the coherent noise can be suppressed and removed.

[0099] Step 104 : reconstruct the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain a target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

[0100] Wherein, in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather of the target, coherent noise has been removed.

[0101] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients contain six dimensions. Therefore, the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients obtained after screening are also six-dimensional. In the embodiment of the present application, by integrating the coefficients of these six dimensions along the scale, inclination, and azimuth directions, the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather with the coherent noise removed can be obtained. Specifically, it can be shown as formula (6):

[0102] (6);

[0103] in is pi.

[0104] like Figure 5 The figure shows a 2D profile of a 3D common offset vector gather with coherent noise removed. Figure 5 and Figure 3 By comparison, it can be seen that the coherent noise is greatly attenuated.

[0105] like Figure 6The figure shows the time section of the 3D common offset vector gather with the coherent noise removed. Figure 6 and Figure 4 By comparison, it can be seen that the coherent noise is greatly attenuated and the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved.

[0106] Step 105: Replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, step 105 can also be understood as extracting the target three-dimensional common offset vector gathers back into the seismic shot gathers.

[0108] In specific implementation, the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather can be The seismic traces in the dataset are sorted and the seismic traces with the same shot points are reassembled into a common shot point gather.

[0109] It can be understood that the seismic shot gather denoising method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: extracting multiple target seismic trace data from the seismic shot gather, obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data, and the multiple target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between coherent noise and effective reflection waves in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; reconstructing the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain a target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather; and replacing the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather. By constructing a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the waveforms of the effective reflection waves of each seismic trace data in the gather have high consistency, and by performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the difference between the effective reflection wave and the coherent noise can be increased, so that the coherent noise is easier to remove, thereby improving the coherent noise removal effect.

[0110] Furthermore, the seismic shot gather denoising method provided in the embodiments of the present application performs a 3D continuous wavelet transform on the 3D common-offset vector gathers. The 3D continuous wavelet transform coefficients are then screened and reconstructed based on the apparent velocity of the coherent noise, allowing for direct and accurate 3D common-offset vector gathers after coherent noise removal. Consequently, extracting the 3D common-offset vector gathers from the original seismic shot gathers after coherent noise removal effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the shot gather data, particularly for close-offset data.

[0111] On the other hand, by constructing a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the waveforms of the effective reflection waves of the seismic trace data in the gather have a high degree of consistency. While increasing the difference between coherent noise and effective reflection waves, the sparsity of the effective reflection waves in the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform domain can also be improved. The seismic shot gather denoising method provided in the embodiment of the present application decomposes the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather into a six-dimensional space using a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, making it possible to distinguish effective reflection waves from coherent noise in a higher dimension, which is beneficial for removing coherent noise by utilizing the sparsity and directionality of the three-dimensional wavelet transform coefficients of the effective reflection waves.

[0112] Figure 1 It should be understood that although Figure 1 The steps in the flowchart are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified in this document, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. In addition, Figure 1 At least part of the steps may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0113] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The following schematically illustrates a block diagram of a seismic shot gather denoising device according to an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, a seismic shot gather denoising device 700 is provided, comprising a data extraction module 710, a transformation module 720, a screening module 730, a data reconstruction module 740, and a data relocation module 750, wherein:

[0114] A data extraction module 710 is configured to extract a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtain a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth;

[0115] A transformation module 720 is configured to perform a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0116] A screening module 730 is configured to screen the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0117] A data reconstruction module 740 is used to reconstruct the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain a target three-dimensional common offset vector gather;

[0118] The data re-placement module 750 is configured to replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

[0119] The seismic shot gather denoising device includes a processor and a memory. The data extraction module 710, transformation module 720, screening module 730, data reconstruction module 740 and data relocation module 750 are all stored in the memory as program units. The processor executes the program modules stored in the memory to implement corresponding functions.

[0120] The processor contains a core, which retrieves the corresponding program unit from the memory. One or more cores can be set, and by adjusting the core parameters, the sand body distribution can be predicted quickly and efficiently at the full chip scale.

[0121] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0122] An embodiment of the present application provides a machine-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned seismic shot gather denoising method.

[0123] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the computer device includes a processor A01, a network interface A02, a display screen A04, an input device A05, and a memory (not shown) connected via a system bus. The processor A01 of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes internal memory A03 and non-volatile storage medium A06. The non-volatile storage medium A06 stores an operating system B01 and a computer program B02. The internal memory A03 provides an environment for the operation of the operating system B01 and computer program B02 in the non-volatile storage medium A06. The network interface A02 of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal via a network connection. When executed by the processor A01, the computer program implements a seismic shot gather denoising method. The display screen A04 of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display or an electronic ink display. The input device A05 of the computer device can be a touch screen covering the display screen, or keys, a trackball, or a touchpad provided on the computer device housing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 8 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.

[0125] In one embodiment, the seismic shot gather denoising device provided in the present application can be implemented in the form of a computer program. Figure 8 The computer device shown in FIG. 1 is run on the computer device shown in FIG. The memory of the computer device can store various program modules that constitute the construction task intelligent scheduling device, such as: Figure 7 The data extraction module 710, transformation module 720, screening module 730, data reconstruction module 740 and data relocation module 750 are shown. The computer program composed of various program modules enables the processor to execute the steps of the seismic shot gather denoising method of various embodiments of the present application described in this specification.

[0126] Figure 8 The computer device shown can be Figure 7 The data extraction module 710, the transformation module 720, the screening module 730, the data reconstruction module 740 and the data relocation module 750 in the seismic shot gather denoising apparatus shown execute the method.

[0127] An embodiment of the present application provides a device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following steps are performed:

[0128] extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth;

[0129] performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0130] screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients;

[0131] Reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector gather of the target;

[0132] The target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather are replaced by the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0133] In one embodiment, obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data includes:

[0134] The plurality of target seismic trace data are rearranged according to their respective corresponding spatial positions to obtain the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

[0135] In one embodiment, performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients includes:

[0136] Using the mother wavelet function of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, a discrete form of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet;

[0137] The three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers are multiplied by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and an inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0138] In one embodiment, multiplying the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier-Mellin domain comprises:

[0139] resampling the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers and transforming them into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data;

[0140] resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data;

[0141] The first transformed data is multiplied by the second transformed data.

[0142] In one embodiment, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is performed on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the Fourier-Mellin transform, and is performed based on the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] ;

[0145] in, The result obtained by resampling the 3D common offset vector gathers and performing Fourier-Mellin transform; The result obtained by Fourier-Mellin transform of three-dimensional wavelet resampling.

[0146] In one embodiment, the screening of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients includes:

[0147] converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first inclination angle;

[0148] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle smaller than the first inclination angle are used as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0149] In one embodiment, the screening of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients using the first tilt angle includes: setting coefficients of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having tilt angles greater than the first tilt angle to zero.

[0150] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0151] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0152] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0153] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0154] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0155] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0156] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and can be implemented using any method or technology for information storage. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change RAM (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transitory computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0157] It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, commodity, or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0158] The above are merely embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should all be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A seismic shot gather denoising method, characterized in that: The method comprises: extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; Reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector gather of the target; replacing target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather; The method of performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients includes: Using the mother wavelet function of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, a discrete form of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet; The three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers are multiplied by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and an inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

2. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data comprises: The plurality of target seismic trace data are rearranged according to their respective corresponding spatial positions to obtain the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

3. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiplying the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier-Mellin domain includes: resampling the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers and transforming them into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data; resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data; The first transformed data is multiplied by the second transformed data.

4. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The three-dimensional common offset vector gathers are subjected to a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform based on the Fourier-Mellin transform, which is performed based on the following formula: ； in, offset is the offset; is the azimuth; is the three-dimensional translation vector; is the scale of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform; is the inclination angle of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform; is the azimuth of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform; 、 and are the three variables of the three-dimensional Fourier-Mellin transform; The result obtained by resampling the 3D common offset vector gathers and performing Fourier-Mellin transform; The result obtained by Fourier-Mellin transform of three-dimensional wavelet resampling.

5. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including: converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first inclination angle; The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle smaller than the first inclination angle are used as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

6. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The screening of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients by using the first inclination angle includes: setting the coefficients of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle greater than the first inclination angle to zero.

7. A seismic shot gather denoising device, characterized in that: include: a data extraction module, configured to extract a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; a transform module, configured to perform a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on a Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; a screening module, configured to screen the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; A data reconstruction module is used to reconstruct the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain the target three-dimensional common offset vector gathers; A data relocation module, configured to replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather; The method of performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients includes: Using the mother wavelet function of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, a discrete form of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet; The three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers are multiplied by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and an inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

8. A processor, characterized in that: The method is configured to execute the seismic shot gather denoising method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A machine-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the instruction is executed by a processor, the processor is configured to perform the seismic shot gather denoising method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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