Circularly polarized antenna array design method and device, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a circularly polarized antenna array design method, a circularly polarized antenna array design device, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: when a design demand is obtained, determining a circular ring number range and an included angle range according to the design demand; setting initialization design data according to the circular ring number range and the included angle range, wherein the initialization design data comprises a circular ring radius set and a unit included angle set; iteratively initializing the design data by using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain first design data; performing verification operation on the first design data; if the first design data does not pass the verification operation, marking the first design data as the initial design data and carrying out iteration again; and if the verification operation is passed, marking the first design data as second design data and outputting the second design data. Therefore, the array layout is adjusted and optimized through an optimization algorithm, and multiple variables are optimized at the same time, so that the array performance is optimal, and the broadband circular polarization work is finally realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular, relates to a circular polarization antenna array design method, a circular polarization antenna array design device, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In some application scenarios, a circularly polarized antenna array is required to scan in a conical scanning area, and there are high requirements for the gain consistency of the scanning beam along the circumferential direction on a certain pitch slice. When circularly polarized antenna units are used to form an array, in order to improve the radiation performance of the circularly polarized antenna, each individual circularly polarized antenna unit in the array will be rotated by a specific angle, that is, a secondary circular polarization design will be performed to further reduce the circular polarization axis ratio after the array is formed. The current application is mainly to rotate a certain number of units in an array with a rectangular boundary according to a set angle, or the rotated units are not further adjusted in phase for beam scanning. The existing circularly polarized antenna array design can no longer meet the functional requirements. Therefore, how to optimize the array layout and ultimately achieve the functional requirements of the array scanning at the same time is a technical problem that needs to be solved by technicians in this field.

[0003] The preceding description is intended to provide general background information and does not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to propose a circularly polarized antenna array design method, a circularly polarized antenna array design device, a computer device and a computer-readable storage medium to address the above problems, which can effectively design a circularly polarized antenna array according to needs.

[0005] The present application solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a circular polarization antenna array design method, comprising the following steps: when a design requirement is obtained, determining a range of circular ring numbers and an angle range according to the design requirement; setting initialization design data according to the range of circular ring numbers and the angle range, the initialization design data comprising a circular ring radius set and a unit angle set; iterating the initialization design data using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain first design data; verifying the first design data; if the verification operation fails, marking the first design data as and re-iterating the initialization design data; if the verification operation passes, marking the first design data as second design data and outputting it.

[0007] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the range of the number of circular rings and the range of angles are determined according to design requirements, including: the design requirements include at least one of a boundary constraint, a unit size constraint, and the number of units, the boundary constraint is used to indicate the size of a space for accommodating a circularly polarized antenna array, the unit size constraint is used to indicate the size of each radiating unit, the number of units is used to indicate the number of radiating units, the radiating units are arranged to form a circularly polarized antenna array, and the radiating units are circularly polarized antennas or linearly polarized antennas; a ring-shaped array method is adopted to arrange the number of radiating units indicated by the number of units to form m circular rings, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the circular rings are concentric circles; an upper limit of m is determined according to the boundary constraint and the unit size constraint, and recorded as the range of the number of circular rings; a number of radiating units are set on each circular ring, so that the radiating units on the same circular ring are arranged according to a preset interval; a minimum interval between the radiating units on each circular ring is determined according to the unit size constraint, and the angle range is determined according to the minimum interval.

[0008] In an optional embodiment of the present application, initialization design data is set according to a range of the number of rings and a range of angles, including: arbitrarily selecting a number of rings according to the range of the number of rings, and marking it as a first number of rings; setting the radius of each ring according to design requirements and the first number of rings, and summarizing them to obtain a first set of ring radii; setting a number of radiation units on each ring according to design requirements, and summarizing the angles between each radiation unit to obtain a first set of unit angles; judging whether the initial design requirements are met according to the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set, the initial design requirements including at least one of a grating lobe suppression requirement and a side lobe suppression requirement; if the initial design requirements are met, marking the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set as initialization design data; if the initial design requirements are not met, reselecting the number of rings until the initial design requirements are met.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the present application, a preset optimization algorithm is used to iteratively initialize design data to obtain first design data, including: calculating intermediate characteristic quantities based on the initialized design data, the intermediate characteristic quantities including beam width characteristic quantities, maximum sidelobe characteristic quantities, grating lobe level characteristic quantities, axial ratio characteristic quantities and gain characteristic quantities; calculating the intermediate characteristic quantities as inputs of a preset fitness function to obtain a fitness value; according to the preset optimization algorithm, the initialized design data is used as an optimization variable, the intermediate characteristic quantities are used as optimization targets for optimization, and iterating based on the fitness value to obtain third design data; judging whether the third design data meets the output condition; if the output condition is not met, iterating again using the third design data as the initialized design data; if the output condition is met, using the third design data as the first design data and outputting it.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the intermediate feature quantity is used as an input of a preset fitness function for calculation, including: the preset fitness function is expressed as:

[0011] Fitness=

[0012] c1·BW+c2·level_sidelobe+c3·level_gratelobe+c4·axialrate+c5·gain;

[0013] Wherein, Fitness is the fitness value; BW is the beam width feature, level_sidelobe is the maximum sidelobe feature, level_gratelobe is the grating lobe level feature, axialrate is the axial ratio feature, gain is the gain feature; c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 are preset weight coefficients.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of the present application, determining whether the third design data satisfies the output condition includes: calculating a verification intermediate feature quantity based on the third design data; calculating the verification intermediate feature quantity as an input of a preset fitness function to obtain a verification fitness value; determining whether the verification fitness value reaches a preset fitness accuracy; if the fitness accuracy is reached, determining that the output condition is met; if the fitness accuracy is not reached, obtaining the number of iterations, and determining whether the number of iterations exceeds the maximum number of iterations; if the number of iterations is not exceeded, determining that the output condition is not met; if the number of iterations is exceeded, determining that the output condition is met.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the verification operation includes: obtaining the operating frequency and scanning angle information of the circularly polarized antenna array; calculating the position coordinates of each radiating unit according to the first design data; calculating the feeding phase difference of each radiating unit according to the position coordinates, the operating frequency and the scanning angle information; verifying whether the actual beam pointing and gain in the scanning area of ​​the circularly polarized antenna array meet the preset requirements according to the feeding phase difference; if the preset requirements are met, it is determined that the verification is passed; if the preset requirements are not met, it is determined that the verification is failed.

[0016] The present application also provides a circular polarization antenna array design device, including: an acquisition module, which is used to determine the range of circular ring numbers and the range of angles according to the design requirements when the design requirements are obtained; an iteration module, which is used to set initialization design data according to the range of circular ring numbers and the range of angles, and the initialization design data includes a circular ring radius set and a unit angle set; iterate the initialization design data using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain first design data; a verification module, which is used to verify the first design data; if the verification operation fails, the first design data is marked as and the initialization design data is re-iterated; if the verification operation passes, the first design data is marked as second design data and output.

[0017] The present application also provides a computer device, including a processor and a memory: the processor is used to execute a computer program stored in the memory to implement the aforementioned method.

[0018] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which implements the aforementioned method when the computer program is executed by a processor.

[0019] The embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] When the design requirements are obtained, the application can predetermine the number of available rings and the angle range between the radiation units on each ring, so as to iteratively optimize and determine the best design solution to achieve broadband circular polarization of the antenna array. By adjusting and optimizing the array layout through the optimization algorithm, multiple variables can be optimized simultaneously to optimize the array performance. When the array scale is large, the advantages of the optimization algorithm are more obvious.

[0021] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are specifically cited and described in detail with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the above general description and the detailed description below are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] in:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a circular polarization antenna array design method provided by an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized antenna array provided by an embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of iterative optimization of design parameters provided by an embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4 A partial schematic diagram of the mth ring provided by an embodiment;

[0028] Figure 5A schematic diagram of coordinate definition provided by an embodiment;

[0029] Figure 6 A diagram showing the relationship between internal functional modules of a circularly polarized antenna array design device provided by an embodiment;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic block diagram of the structure of a computer device provided by an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] In certain application scenarios, the following requirements are put forward for phased array antennas: (1) The phased array antenna is arranged in an area with a circular boundary, and there are strict restrictions on the cross-section; (2) It has good circular polarization performance in a wider frequency band; (3) No grating lobes appear in a conical scanning area; (4) On a certain elevation slice, the gain of the beam along the circumferential direction has good consistency; (5) High requirements are put forward for the sidelobe level of the antenna, but the phased array system does not have the ability to adjust the amplitude. In summary, it is necessary to reasonably select the form of the radiation unit and optimize the array layout design within a limited space. The usual design methods of the existing technical solutions can no longer meet the corresponding requirements, for example, they cannot solve the problem of reducing side lobes. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize and improve the design method of the circular antenna array. Based on this, this application proposes a circular polarization antenna array design device method. In order to clearly describe the method provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 5 , including steps S110 to S130.

[0033] Step S110: When the design requirements are obtained, the range of the number of circular rings and the range of the angles are determined according to the design requirements.

[0034] In one embodiment, step S110: determining the range of the number of circular rings and the range of angles according to design requirements, including: the design requirements include at least one of boundary constraints, unit size constraints, and the number of units, the boundary constraint is used to indicate the size of the space for accommodating the circular polarization antenna array, the unit size constraint is used to indicate the size of each radiating unit, and the number of units is used to indicate the number of radiating units. The radiating units are arranged to form a circular polarization antenna array, and the radiating units are circular polarization antennas or linear polarization antennas; a ring-shaped array method is adopted to arrange the number of radiating units indicated by the number of units to form m circular rings, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the circular rings are concentric circles; the upper limit of m is determined according to the boundary constraints and the unit size constraints, and recorded as the range of the number of circular rings; a number of radiating units are set on each circular ring, so that the radiating units on the same circular ring are arranged according to a preset interval; the minimum interval between the radiating units on each circular ring is determined according to the unit size constraint, and the angle range is determined according to the minimum interval.

[0035] In one embodiment, it can be understood that the design method of the present application is applicable to how to construct a circularly polarized antenna array. The circularly polarized antenna array constructed by the present application is composed of radiating units arranged, and the radiating unit is the smallest unit of the circularly polarized antenna array, which can be a circularly polarized antenna or a linearly polarized antenna. Each radiating unit itself can realize circular polarization operation, and the method for realizing circular polarization operation can be a single feed method, a dual feed method, etc., without limitation. And it should be noted that the circularly polarized antenna array itself has a rotation direction, and the circular polarization rotation direction of each radiating unit should be associated with the rotation direction of each unit when it is arranged after the array is formed and the advance or lag during phase adjustment. Assuming that the polarization of the radiating unit is left-hand circular polarization, in order to ensure that the polarization of the entire array is still left-hand circular polarization after the array is formed, all units are distributed in a clockwise rotation direction.

[0036] The circular polarization direction of the array and the type of array to be constructed are all recorded in the design requirements. The design requirements can be from the host computer or can be input by the user according to the selection, and there is no restriction on the acquisition method. When the design requirements are obtained, the design requirements can be preliminarily analyzed and constructed. The design requirements include functional requirements and parameter requirements. Functional requirements are generally used to indicate the functions to be achieved by the antenna array, such as but not limited to the following functions: (1) the array realizes broadband circular polarization operation; (2) the array realizes conical scanning without grating lobes; (3) the array reduces side lobes without amplitude adjustment; (4) on a certain elevation plane, the gain of the beam along the circumferential direction has good consistency, etc. Parameter requirements are also used to indicate the actual constraints that need to be met by the array antenna design, including but not limited to at least one of the boundary constraints, unit size constraints, and the number of units, and can also include array antenna gain, axial ratio, side lobes, beam width, etc. The former is mainly used to determine the range of the number of rings and the range of angles, and the latter is actually used to describe the requirements that the designed array needs to meet. The boundary constraint is used to indicate the size of the space that accommodates the circularly polarized antenna array; the unit size constraint is used to indicate the size of each radiating unit; and the number of units is used to indicate the number of radiating units.

[0037] For the circularly polarized antenna array of this application, please refer to Figure 2 .like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, there are multiple black dots, each of which corresponds to a radiation unit. The outermost solid arc represents the boundary constraint, indicating the boundary of the array. Figure 2 The circular boundary shown is only an example for this embodiment. In actual situations, the boundary constraint can be any shape, such as a rectangle, a hexagon, an octagon, etc., which is set according to actual situations and is not limited to this. Figure 2 In order to ensure that the gains of each beam along the circumferential direction on a certain elevation slice are well consistent when the beam is scanning in a conical scanning area, this application proposes a ring-shaped array method to ensure that the number of units distributed on any slice of the circumference is as similar as possible. Figure 2 In the array shown, the radiation units are distributed on the dotted lines, each dotted line represents a circle, and the circles are concentric circles.

[0038] It is understandable that the design requirements only describe the requirements that the array needs to meet, but the actual design of the array, refer to Figure 2As shown, it is necessary to constantly consider how many rings can be set and how many radiation units are set on each ring in order to finally set all the radiation units. Assuming that the same number of radiation units are set on each ring, if there are more rings, the radiation units set between each ring may collide and overlap, and even the outermost radiation units may exceed the area restricted by the boundary constraint. Similarly, if there are fewer rings, although the outermost ring may not collide with the boundary indicated by the boundary constraint, the radiation unit itself also has a volume, that is, the volume indicated by the unit size constraint. Therefore, the radiation units on the innermost ring may also collide and overlap, which is also unacceptable.

[0039] At the same time, this setting is only a preliminary solution, and the solution may not necessarily meet the needs, such as suppressing grating lobes and side lobes. For this reason, the preliminary setting only needs to determine the range of the number of rings and the range of angles according to the current design requirements. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the number of rings is the upper limit of the number of rings that the array can accommodate. On a ring, several radiation units can be set. Figure 2 In order to facilitate understanding, the method of setting the same number of radiation units on each ring is adopted. However, in actual situations, the number of radiation units that can be set on each ring can be different from each other, as long as the corresponding needs can be met, and there is no restriction on this. And as mentioned above, if too many radiation units are set on a ring, since the radiation units themselves have a certain volume, the overly dense radiation units will overlap or overlap. To avoid this situation, it is also necessary to determine the minimum distance between the radiation units. However, it is also known that the radiation units are located on different rings, and there are differences in size between the rings. The same distance has different effects on rings of different sizes. In order to determine the same degree of influence for evaluation, the angle between the radiation units can be used for evaluation, that is, the angle range.

[0040] First, determine the range of the number of rings, and use a ring-shaped array method to arrange the number of radiating units indicated by the number of units to form m rings, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the rings are concentric circles. Determine the area that the array can be set to based on the boundary constraints and record it as S. Obtain the maximum scanning angle required by the array in the design requirements as angle_max, and the operating frequency range is fL~fH. Based on angle_max and fH, the reference unit spacing d_ck when the grating lobe does not appear during scanning can be preliminarily determined. Under the constraints of S, d_ck and the size S1 of the radiating unit, the initial value M1 of the number of rings, the initial value of the radius of each ring, and the initial value of the number of units on each ring can be determined. Then, by considering the unit size constraint, that is, considering the volume of each radiating unit, the upper limit of the number of rings is finally determined and recorded as the range of the number of rings.

[0041] Assume that a number of radiation units are set on each ring, so that the radiation units on the same ring are arranged at preset intervals. The radiation units on a ring can be evenly distributed, that is, they take the same angle with each other; or they can be unevenly distributed, with a certain angle difference between them, which is not limited. Then, by considering the unit size constraint, the minimum interval between the radiation units on each ring is determined, and the angle range is determined based on the minimum interval.

[0042] Step S120: setting initialization design data according to the range of the number of circular rings and the range of angles, the initialization design data including a circular ring radius set and a unit angle set; iterating the initialization design data using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain first design data.

[0043] In one embodiment, initialization design data is set according to a range of the number of rings and a range of angles, including: arbitrarily selecting a number of rings according to the range of the number of rings, and marking it as a first number of rings; setting the radius of each ring according to design requirements and the first number of rings, and summarizing them to obtain a first set of ring radii; setting a number of radiation units on each ring according to design requirements, and summarizing the angles between each radiation unit to obtain a first set of unit angles; judging whether the initial design requirements are met according to the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set, the initial design requirements including at least one of a grating lobe suppression requirement and a side lobe suppression requirement; if the initial design requirements are met, marking the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set as initialization design data; if the initial design requirements are not met, reselecting the number of rings until the initial design requirements are met.

[0044] In one embodiment, after determining the constraints and restrictions to be followed, the arrangement can be started within the corresponding range. A number of rings is arbitrarily selected according to the range of the number of rings, and is marked as the first number of rings. The radius of each ring is set according to the design requirements and the first number of rings. Assume that the number of rings is set to n, n≤m. The radius of the nth ring is R_n, the radius of the n-1th ring is R_n-1, the radius of the n-2th ring is R_n-2, and so on. And the relationship between the ring radii satisfies:

[0045] R_n>R_n-1>R_n-2 (1)

[0046] In addition, assuming that the length of the radiation element is determined to be d_u according to the element size constraint, it can also satisfy:

[0047] R_n-R_n-1>d_u (2)

[0048] Sum up all the ring radii to get the first ring radius set.

[0049] Similarly, according to the design requirements, a number of radiation units are set on each ring. The angle between each unit on the nth ring is θ_n, the angle between each unit on the n-1th ring is θ_n-1, the angle between each unit on the n-2th ring is θ_n-2, and so on. And θ_n needs to be greater than or equal to the minimum angle determined by the angle range. In turn, it will also affect the number of radiation units on a ring. The angles between each radiation unit are summed up to get the first unit angle set.

[0050] Whether the initial design requirements are met is determined based on the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set. The initial design requirements include at least one of the grating lobe suppression requirements and the side lobe suppression requirements. The grating lobe suppression requirement is used to indicate that grating lobes will not appear during the scanning process of the array. In a circularly polarized antenna array, the unit spacing d_ck is related to the ring radius and the scanning angle. The calculation formula of the unit spacing d_ck can be referred to:

[0051]

[0052] In the above formula, R_n is the radius of the circular ring where the radiation unit is located, and θ_n is the angle between the two radiation units.

[0053] Correspondingly, the conditions for the appearance of grating lobes are:

[0054]

[0055] In the above formula, λ is the wavelength of the working signal, which can be obtained directly. d_max is the maximum spacing. If the spacing between the radiating elements exceeds the maximum spacing, grating lobes will appear. Based on the above formula, each radiating element is checked one by one. If the spacing corresponding to the radiating element is greater than the maximum spacing, grating lobes may be generated, which is considered to not meet the initial design requirements. It is necessary to avoid grating lobes by adjusting the array parameters (for example, reducing the radius of the circular ring, or increasing the number of radiating elements on the same circular ring, etc.).

[0056] The sidelobe is the secondary radiation peak outside the main lobe. The suppression of the sidelobe is mainly related to the weighting scheme of the array and the arrangement of the array elements. The sidelobe suppression requirement is used to indicate that there will be no sidelobe interference during the array scanning process. The suppression of the sidelobe is closely related to the distance between the array elements, the weighting method of the array, and the geometric shape of the array. In general, the sidelobe level is related to the structural density and weighting method of the array. For an array with uniform spacing, if no weighting is performed, the sidelobe level is usually high. The sidelobe level of the array is calculated by the first ring radius set and the first unit angle, which can be calculated according to the layout and weighting method of the array. The sidelobe level can be estimated by simulation or analytical formulas, and specific methods can be Dolph-Chebyshev weighting method, Taylor weighting method, etc. In order to determine whether the sidelobe level meets the preset requirements, such as -20dB, -30dB, etc. If not, it is deemed that the initial design requirements are not met. The number of radiating units on the same ring can also be suppressed. Alternatively, the angles between the radiation units on the ring may be adjusted, for example, by adopting a non-uniform array method, that is, a sparse array or a random array, to meet the sidelobe suppression requirements.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, when it is determined that both the grating lobe suppression requirement and the side lobe suppression requirement are met based on the calculation of the first ring radius set and the first unit angle, it is determined that the initial design requirement is met, and the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set can be marked as initialization design data to facilitate subsequent optimization iterations. Conversely, if any one of the items is not met, the number of rings is reselected and iterated until the initial design requirement is met. And in other embodiments, referring to the description above, the adjustment can not only be for the number of rings, but also for adjusting the ring radius, or adjusting the angle of the radiating unit, and the adjustment is made until the requirements are met.

[0058] In one embodiment, a preset optimization algorithm is used to iteratively initialize design data to obtain first design data, including: calculating intermediate feature quantities based on the initialized design data, the intermediate feature quantities including beam width feature quantities, maximum sidelobe feature quantities, grating lobe level feature quantities, axial ratio feature quantities and gain feature quantities; calculating the intermediate feature quantities as inputs of a preset fitness function to obtain a fitness value; according to the preset optimization algorithm, the initialized design data is used as an optimization variable, the intermediate feature quantities are used as optimization targets for optimization, and iterating based on the fitness value to obtain third design data; determining whether the third design data meets an output condition; if the output condition is not met, iterating again using the third design data as the initialized design data; if the output condition is met, using the third design data as the first design data and outputting it.

[0059] In one embodiment, determining whether the second design data satisfies the output condition includes: calculating a verification intermediate feature quantity based on the second design data; calculating the verification intermediate feature quantity as an input of a preset fitness function to obtain a verification fitness value; determining whether the verification fitness value reaches a preset fitness accuracy; if the fitness accuracy is reached, it is determined that the output condition is met; if the fitness accuracy is not reached, obtaining the number of iterations, and determining whether the number of iterations exceeds the maximum number of iterations; if the number of iterations is not exceeded, it is determined that the output condition is not met; if the number of iterations is exceeded, it is determined that the output condition is met.

[0060] In one embodiment, after the initial design data is determined, different combinations can be iterated through a preset optimization algorithm, so as to finally iterate out the optimal combination as the design parameter. Figure 3 As shown, steps S310 to S380 are included.

[0061] Step S310: Calculate the intermediate feature quantity according to the initialization design data.

[0062] In one embodiment, the intermediate characteristic quantities include a beam width characteristic quantity, a maximum side lobe characteristic quantity, a grating lobe level characteristic quantity, an axial ratio characteristic quantity and a gain characteristic quantity, which are calculated by initializing the design data. B ) is related to the diameter of the entire circular array, the weighting method, and the specific layout of the array. It is inversely proportional to the diameter of the circular array (that is, the diameter of the largest circular ring of the circular array). The lower the side lobe after weighting, the more obvious the beam width is. The beam width is the narrowest when equal amplitude and in-phase weighting are used. In other words, as the radius of the circular array increases, the beam width decreases and the directivity increases. The unit angle between the radiating units has little effect on the beam width, but it can make the main lobe energy more concentrated and improve the radiation efficiency in the main lobe direction.

[0063] The maximum sidelobe characteristic is related to the array's feed distribution and unit density (the unit angle between radiating units). A smaller unit angle (denser distribution) can reduce the sidelobe level, but increase complexity and loss. In other words, the sidelobe can be reduced by adjusting the unit distribution density in different areas of the array.

[0064] The grating lobe level characteristic quantity corresponds to the grating lobe suppression requirement described above. The unit spacing corresponding to the radiating unit obtained according to the ring radius, unit angle and scanning angle of the array element can be used to determine the grating lobe level characteristic quantity. Please refer to the calculation process in the previous text for details, which will not be described in detail here. It can be understood that when the unit spacing is greater than the maximum spacing d_max shown in formula (3), the grating lobe appears. For this reason, the present application can achieve unequal spacing arrangement of units on the array by optimizing the radius of different rings and the unit angles on the rings, thereby suppressing the grating lobe to a certain extent to meet the corresponding design requirements.

[0065] The axial ratio characteristic is mainly related to the radius of the ring. The axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna will be affected when the scanning angle of the array is large. A larger radius may lead to an increase in the scanning limit (maximum scanning angle). The unequal spacing of the radiating elements will deteriorate the axial ratio to a certain extent, so when optimizing, it is necessary to balance the optimization of the side lobes, grating lobes and axial ratio, that is, the respective weight coefficients need to be adjusted later. The adjustment process will be described in detail later, so it will not be expanded here.

[0066] Among the gain characteristics, the gain of the array is related to the aperture effect of the array. The correlation can be found as follows:

[0067]

[0068] In the above formula, G is the gain; R_max is the radius of the largest circle of the circular array. It can be seen that increasing the arc radius will significantly increase the gain. The gain is proportional to the number of units, so reducing the unit angle (increasing the number of units) can increase the gain.

[0069] According to the above relationship, the above intermediate characteristic quantity can be obtained according to the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set in the initial design parameters to facilitate subsequent solution.

[0070] Step S320: The intermediate feature quantity is used as the input of a preset fitness function to calculate and obtain a fitness value.

[0071] In one embodiment, the preset fitness function can be expressed as:

[0072] Fitness=c1·BW+c2·level_sidelobe+c3·level_gratelobe+c4·axialrate+c5·gain(6)

[0073] Wherein, Fitness is the fitness value; BW is the beam width feature, level_sidelobe is the maximum sidelobe feature, level_gratelobe is the grating lobe level feature, axialrate is the axial ratio feature, gain is the gain feature; c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 are different preset weight coefficients of each feature. By adjusting this coefficient combination, different optimization results can be obtained.

[0074] Step S330: According to a preset optimization algorithm, the initialization design data is used as an optimization variable, the intermediate feature quantity is optimized as an optimization target, and iteration is performed based on the fitness value to obtain the third design data.

[0075] In one embodiment, the preset optimization algorithm may include but is not limited to any one of a particle swarm algorithm, a genetic algorithm, a dynamic programming, an immune algorithm, and the like. For ease of understanding, this embodiment uses a genetic algorithm as the optimization algorithm, uses the initialization design data as the optimization variable, optimizes the intermediate feature quantity as the optimization target, selects a combination based on the fitness value coefficient, and executes the genetic operator to obtain the third design data. The third design data also includes a set of circular ring radii and a set of unit angles, but the specific values ​​have been changed in the previous iteration. The process of iteratively generating new operators for the optimization algorithm is relatively existing, and this application will not describe the specific generation process for the time being. The focus is on using the optimization algorithm to iterate the existing design data to generate new design data for iteration and verification, thereby generating and outputting the optimal design data in multiple iterations.

[0076] Step S340: Calculate and obtain a verification intermediate characteristic quantity according to the third design data; and calculate and obtain a verification fitness value by using the verification intermediate characteristic quantity as an input of a preset fitness function.

[0077] Step S350: Determine whether the fitness value reaches a preset fitness accuracy.

[0078] In one embodiment, the ring radius set and the unit angle set in the third design data are calculated by referring to the method described above to obtain the verification intermediate feature quantity, and then the verification intermediate feature quantity is used as the input of the preset fitness function for calculation, so as to obtain the verification fitness value corresponding to the third design data in the iteration process. The corresponding calculation process has been described in detail in the previous text, which will not be repeated here. Please refer to the previous text for details.

[0079] The verification fitness value corresponding to the third design data in the iteration process is compared with the preset fitness accuracy to determine whether the verification fitness value reaches the preset fitness accuracy.

[0080] If the fitness accuracy is reached, step S360 is executed: it is determined that the output condition is met, and the third design data is used as the first design data and outputted.

[0081] In one embodiment, if the third design data that reaches the preset fitness accuracy is obtained during the iteration process, the design data can be marked as the first design data output. This is to facilitate subsequent verification. It is also worth noting that multiple third design data that reach the preset fitness accuracy may be generated during the iteration process. In this regard, before the iteration is completed, all third design data that reach the preset fitness accuracy are continuously collected. After the number of iterations reaches the maximum number, all the best third design data that reach the preset fitness accuracy are sorted according to their respective fitness accuracy, and only a number of design data with the best fitness accuracy characterization effect are output. This ensures that the first design data is the optimal result output after the iteration.

[0082] If the fitness accuracy is not reached, step S370 is executed: obtaining the number of iterations and determining whether the number of iterations exceeds the maximum number of iterations.

[0083] If the maximum number of iterations is not exceeded, step S380 is executed: it is determined that the output condition is not satisfied. Return to step S330 to perform iteration again using the third design data as the initialization design data.

[0084] If the maximum number of iterations is exceeded, step S360 is executed.

[0085] In one embodiment, accordingly, if the fitness accuracy is not reached, or the maximum number of iterations is not reached, it is necessary to continue iterating, to make adjustments and changes based on the current iteration, and to repeat the iteration until the preset maximum number of iterations is exceeded.

[0086] Step S130: verifying the first design data; if the verification fails, marking the first design data as initialization design data and re-iterating; if the verification passes, marking the first design data as second design data and outputting it.

[0087] In one embodiment, the verification operation includes: obtaining the operating frequency and scanning angle information of the circularly polarized antenna array; calculating the position coordinates of each radiating unit according to the first design data; calculating the feeding phase difference of each radiating unit according to the position coordinates, the operating frequency and the scanning angle information; verifying whether the pointing direction and gain of the actual beam in the scanning area of ​​the circularly polarized antenna array meet the preset requirements according to the feeding phase difference; if the preset requirements are met, it is determined that the verification is passed; if the preset requirements are not met, it is determined that the verification is failed.

[0088] In one embodiment, the first design data obtained in the above iteration process is only a solution that meets the preliminary requirements, and does not meet all requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to verify again before the final output, that is, to perform a verification operation.

[0089] Specifically, the verification operation is to calculate the position coordinates of each radiation unit according to the first design data. According to the first design data, the i-th radiation unit on the m-th ring can be calculated as follows: Figure 4 The schematic diagram is shown in the design. According to the first design data, the radius of the ith radiation unit on the mth ring is R_m, and the unit angle is θ_m, then the position coordinates of the ith radiation unit on the mth ring can be determined. The position coordinates of the radiation unit are defined as coord_x(m,i) and coord_y(m,i), and the calculation method can be referred to as follows:

[0090] coord_x(m,i)=R m *cos[θ0+(i-1)*θ_m] (7)

[0091] coord_y(m,i)=R m *sin[θ0+(i-1)*θ_m] (8)

[0092] Obtain the operating frequency λ and scanning angle information of the circularly polarized antenna array. For the coordinate definition of the radiation unit described in this application, that is, the target beam spatial pointing angle is The definition of Figure 5 Assume that the (m,i)th unit is defined as the nth unit in the entire array, then the array pattern function can be calculated based on parameters such as coord_x(m,i), coord_y(m,i), operating frequency, beam pointing angle, array element amplitude excitation I(n) (amplitude weighting is not performed in this application, and all units are excited with equal amplitude):

[0093]

[0094] The selection of different circular ring radii R_m and unit angles θ_m between adjacent units on the circular ring should simultaneously meet the requirements of beam scanning without grating lobes and side lobe suppression. In other words, the verification operation can include the initial design requirements mentioned above, that is, the grating lobe suppression requirements and the side lobe suppression requirements. The specific verification process can refer to the previous text and will not be repeated here. If the first design data cannot meet the initial design requirements, it can also be determined as failing the verification operation.

[0095] If the initial design requirements are met, the feeding phase difference of each radiating element can be calculated based on the position coordinates and operating frequency. Assuming that the phase of the reference starting element is 0°, the phase lag of the element numbered i on the mth ring relative to the reference element is phase1(i):

[0096] phase1(i)=i*360° / NUM(m) (10)

[0097] NUM(m) is the number of radiation units on the mth ring. The position distribution of each radiation unit is (x n ,y n ), n=1,2,…,N, the target beam spatial pointing angle is The definition of Figure 5 As shown. The feeding phase difference between adjacent antenna array elements can be expressed as:

[0098]

[0099] Verify whether the actual beam pointing and gain in the scanning area of ​​the circularly polarized antenna array meet the preset requirements based on the feeding phase difference; if they meet the preset requirements, the verification is deemed to have passed; if they do not meet the preset requirements, the verification is deemed to have failed.

[0100] The first design data that fails the verification operation is deemed to not meet all requirements and cannot be output as the final solution, and needs to be iterated again. For this reason, the first design data can be marked as initialization design data, and the process is repeated again in step S120 until the design data that meets all requirements is obtained.

[0101] For the first design data that passes the verification operation, it can be marked as the second design output. The second design data is the data that is finally used to determine the circular polarization antenna array solution. The first design data, that is, the third design data mentioned above, are all intermediate solution values. The second design data is used to indicate the position and angle of all radiating units. According to the second design data, the entire array adopts a quasi-ring grating arrangement to simultaneously meet the requirements of grating lobe control, sidelobe suppression and gain consistency during array scanning.

[0102] Therefore, when the design requirements are obtained, the present application can predetermine the number of available rings and the angle range between the radiation units on each ring, so as to iteratively optimize and determine the best design solution to achieve broadband circular polarization of the antenna array. By adjusting and optimizing the array layout through the optimization algorithm, multiple variables can be optimized simultaneously to optimize the array performance. When the array scale is large, the advantages of the optimization algorithm are more obvious.

[0103] Figure 6The internal functional module relationship diagram of a circular polarization antenna array design device in one embodiment is shown. The circular polarization antenna array design device 50 includes: an acquisition module 51, an iteration module 52 and a verification module 53. The acquisition module 51 is used to determine the range of the number of circular rings and the range of angles according to the design requirements when the design requirements are obtained. The iteration module 52 is used to set the initialization design data according to the range of the number of circular rings and the range of angles, and the initialization design data includes a set of circular ring radii and a set of unit angles; and iterate the initialization design data using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain the first design data. The verification module 53 is used to verify the first design data; if the verification operation fails, the first design data is marked as and the initialization design data is re-iterated; if the verification operation passes, the first design data is marked as the second design data and output.

[0104] Figure 7 FIG. 1 shows an internal structure diagram of a computer device in an embodiment. The computer device may be a terminal or a server. Figure 7 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, a memory and a network interface connected via a system bus. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system and may also store a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor may implement the circular polarization antenna array design method. The internal memory may also store a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor may implement the circular polarization antenna array design method. Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 7 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0105] In one embodiment, the present application further proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the method described in any of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0106] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0107] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0108] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A circular polarization antenna array design method, characterized in that: The steps include: When the design requirements are obtained, the range of the number of rings and the range of angles are determined according to the design requirements; Setting initialization design data according to the range of the number of circular rings and the range of the angles, the initialization design data including a circular ring radius set and a unit angle set; iterating the initialization design data using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain first design data; Performing a verification operation on the first design data; If the verification operation fails, marking the first design data as and re-iterating the initialization design data; If the verification operation is passed, the first design data is marked as second design data and output.

2. The circularly polarized antenna array design method according to claim 1, wherein: Determining the range of the number of rings and the range of angles according to the design requirements includes: The design requirement includes at least one of a boundary constraint, a unit size constraint, and a unit quantity, wherein the boundary constraint is used to indicate the size of a space for accommodating a circularly polarized antenna array, the unit size constraint is used to indicate the size of each radiating unit, and the unit quantity is used to indicate the number of radiating units, and the radiating units are arranged to form the circularly polarized antenna array, and the radiating units are circularly polarized antennas or linearly polarized antennas; Arranging the radiation units indicated by the number of units in a ring-shaped array method to form m circular rings, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the circular rings are concentric circles; determining an upper limit of m according to the boundary constraint and the unit size constraint, and recording it as the range of the number of circular rings; A plurality of the radiation units are set on each of the circular rings so that the radiation units on the same circular ring are arranged at preset intervals; the minimum interval between the radiation units on each of the circular rings is determined according to the unit size constraints, and the angle range is determined according to the minimum interval.

3. The circularly polarized antenna array design method according to claim 1, wherein: The initialization design data is set according to the ring quantity range and the angle range, including: A number of rings is randomly selected according to the range of the number of rings, and is marked as a first number of rings; a radius of each ring is set according to the design requirements and the first number of rings, and a first set of ring radii is obtained by summarizing the radius of each ring; According to the design requirements, a number of radiation units are set on each ring, and the angles between each of the radiation units are summarized to obtain a first unit angle set; Determining whether initial design requirements are met according to the first circular ring radius set and the first unit angle set, wherein the initial design requirements include at least one of a grating lobe suppression requirement and a side lobe suppression requirement; If the initial design requirement is met, marking the first ring radius set and the first unit angle set as the initialization design data; If the initial design requirements are not met, the number of rings is reselected until the initial design requirements are met.

4. The circularly polarized antenna array design method according to claim 1, wherein: The iterating the initialization design data using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain first design data includes: Calculating intermediate characteristic quantities according to the initialization design data, wherein the intermediate characteristic quantities include a beam width characteristic quantity, a maximum side lobe characteristic quantity, a grating lobe level characteristic quantity, an axial ratio characteristic quantity, and a gain characteristic quantity; The intermediate characteristic quantity is used as an input of a preset fitness function to calculate and obtain a fitness value; According to a preset optimization algorithm, the initialization design data is used as an optimization variable, the intermediate feature quantity is optimized as an optimization target, and iteration is performed based on the fitness value to obtain third design data; Determining whether the third design data meets the output condition; If the output condition is not satisfied, iterating again using the third design data as the initialization design data; If the output condition is satisfied, the third design data is output as the first design data.

5. The circularly polarized antenna array design method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of calculating the intermediate feature quantity as an input of a preset fitness function includes: The preset fitness function is expressed as: Fitness= c1·BW+c2·level_sidelobe+c3·level_gratelobe+c4·axialrate+c5·gain; In the formula, Fitness is the fitness value; BW is the beam width characteristic, level_sidelobe is the maximum sidelobe characteristic, level_gratelobe is the grating lobe level characteristic, axialrate is the axial ratio characteristic, gain is the gain characteristic; c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 are preset weight coefficients.

6. The circularly polarized antenna array design method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The determining whether the third design data meets the output condition includes: Calculate and obtain a verification intermediate characteristic quantity according to the third design data; The verification intermediate characteristic quantity is used as an input of a preset fitness function to calculate and obtain a verification fitness value; Determining whether the verified fitness value reaches a preset fitness accuracy; If the fitness accuracy is reached, it is deemed that the output condition is met; If the fitness accuracy is not reached, the number of iterations is obtained to determine whether the number of iterations exceeds the maximum number of iterations; If the maximum number of iterations is not exceeded, it is determined that the output condition is not satisfied; if the maximum number of iterations is exceeded, it is determined that the output condition is satisfied.

7. The circularly polarized antenna array design method according to claim 1, wherein: The verification operation includes: Obtaining the operating frequency and scanning angle information of the circularly polarized antenna array; calculating the position coordinates of each radiation unit according to the first design data; Calculate the feeding phase difference of each of the radiating units according to the position coordinates, the operating frequency and the scanning angle information; Verifying whether the actual beam direction and gain of the circularly polarized antenna array scanning area meet preset requirements according to the feeding phase difference; If the preset requirements are met, the verification is deemed to have passed; if the preset requirements are not met, the verification is deemed to have failed.

8. A circular polarization antenna array design device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used to determine the range of the number of circular rings and the range of angles according to the design requirements when the design requirements are acquired; An iteration module, configured to set initialization design data according to the range of the number of circular rings and the range of the angles, wherein the initialization design data includes a circular ring radius set and a unit angle set; and iterate the initialization design data using a preset optimization algorithm to obtain first design data; A verification module, used for verifying the first design data; If the verification operation fails, marking the first design data as and re-iterating the initialization design data; If the verification operation is passed, the first design data is marked as second design data and output.

9. A computer device, characterized in that: including a processor and a memory; The processor is configured to execute the computer program stored in the memory to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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