Method for collecting and evaluating long-time-sequence carbon effect of side slope after ecological restoration

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for collecting and evaluating a long-time-sequence carbon effect of a side slope after ecological restoration. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, counting and evaluating the vegetation density and the carbon effect of the side slope after ecological restoration; then image acquisition is carried out on the slope by combining a photogrammetry technology, and vegetation is extracted by applying a deep learning mode; performing corresponding fitting on the extracted vegetation image, the vegetation density and the carbon absorption effect to obtain a relation curve; and finally, arranging image acquisition equipment on the side slope to carry out long-time-sequence monitoring, and converting a carbon effect through an acquired vegetation image so as to collect and evaluate the long-time-sequence carbon effect of the repaired side slope. According to the method, the carbon effect condition of the side slope after ecological restoration can be monitored at a long-time-sequence view angle, the monitored side slope carbon effect is specifically evaluated, a reference basis is provided for ecological restoration of the side slope, the reliability of ecological restoration is improved, and the ecological restoration benefits of the side slope are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of rock slopes, and in particular relates to a method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of a slope after ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] With the vigorous promotion of infrastructure construction, the irrational development and utilization of mines has caused large areas of exposed rock slopes, which has caused great damage and impact on the ecological environment and biodiversity. Most of these exposed rock slopes are severely weathered and cannot restore their ecological effects in a short period of time, which has a relatively bad impact on the local ecological environment. At present, there are many ecological restoration methods, which can create a plant growth environment on the surface of the rock slope or directly lay vegetation on the surface of the rock slope. However, the slopes after ecological restoration will produce a certain degree of loss under the influence of factors such as rainfall and weathering, making the ecological restoration effect unable to meet the requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct long-term ecological monitoring of rock slopes to ensure that their ecological effects meet the requirements.

[0003] The ecological effect of rock slope ecological restoration is mainly reflected in its carbon effect. On the one hand, it is the growth of slope vegetation, that is, the density of slope vegetation. Vegetation density affects the green coverage of slopes after ecological restoration, and the root system of plants can effectively anchor the soil and maintain the stability of the slope. On the other hand, it is the carbon absorption effect, which absorbs and fixes carbon dioxide in the air to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. At present, the evaluation of the carbon effect of slopes is mainly reflected in a single short-term evaluation, and it is impossible to collect and evaluate the carbon effect of slope ecological restoration over a long period of time. Summary of the invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved: This application mainly solves the technical problems existing in the prior art that the slopes after ecological restoration will produce a certain degree of loss due to factors such as rainfall and weathering, making the ecological restoration effect unable to meet the requirements, and the evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope is mainly reflected in a single short-term evaluation, and it is impossible to collect and evaluate the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration in a long-term manner. A method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is proposed, which can comprehensively evaluate the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration, and can collect and evaluate the long-term carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration, provide a reference basis for monitoring the ecological restoration of the slope, and ensure the benefits of ecological restoration.

[0005] Technical solution:

[0006] A method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of a slope after ecological restoration specifically comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step S10: Conduct a field survey on the ecologically restored slope to be monitored, and assign an evaluation index R1 to the vegetation density of the ecologically restored slope according to the vegetation growth density in the monitored area;

[0008] Step S20: Conduct a field survey on the ecologically restored slope to be monitored, and assign an evaluation index score R2 to the carbon absorption effect of the ecologically restored slope by sampling and calculating the vegetation on site;

[0009] Step S30: Based on the evaluation index scores R1 and R2, a comprehensive evaluation is performed on the slope carbon effect index. The evaluation formula is as follows (1):

[0010] J=0.4×R1+0.6×R2

[0011] Formula (1)

[0012] According to the size of the initial quantitative index J0, the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is comprehensively evaluated, thereby providing reference data;

[0013] Step S40: collecting images of the growth of vegetation on the slope and identifying and extracting the vegetation on the slope by combining deep learning technology;

[0014] Step S50: analyzing the extracted vegetation information, wherein the number of plants corresponds to the vegetation density, and the area of ​​the plants corresponds to the carbon absorption effect, and the two are fitted to obtain a relationship curve;

[0015] Step S60: Perform long-term image acquisition and monitoring on the slope after ecological restoration, and obtain the slope vegetation density and carbon absorption effect by combining the acquired vegetation images with the fitting relationship curve; comprehensively evaluate the long-term carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration according to the size of the quantitative index J, and take corresponding measures according to the indicators.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step S10, the vegetation density of the slope after ecological restoration is determined by the vegetation density R1 according to the number of plants growing per unit area m, as follows:

[0017] When m>600 plants / m 2 When , R1 is 100;

[0018] When m≤600 plants / m 2 And >400 plants / m 2 When R1 is 75;

[0019] When m≤400 plants / m 2 And >200 plants / m 2 When R1 is 50;

[0020] When m≤200 plants / m 2 When R1 is 20.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step S20, the carbon absorption effect R2 after ecological restoration is determined according to the carbon absorption of plants per unit area t, as follows:

[0022] Take plants from random areas, including plant stems, leaves and roots; carefully clean the plant stems, leaves and roots, remove the attached soil and ensure that the stems, leaves and roots are intact; place the plants in a constant temperature drying oven and dry them at a constant temperature of 40°C until the mass of the plants no longer changes; weigh the plants at this time to obtain the plant biomass T, multiply it by the average carbon content of the plants 0.5 to obtain the carbon content, and then multiply it by the ratio of the relative atomic mass of carbon dioxide to carbon 44 / 12 to obtain the mass of CO2 fixed by the plants in the area, and the calculation formula is as follows (2);

[0023]

[0024] When t>20kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 100;

[0025] When t≤20kg / m 2 / y and>15kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 80;

[0026] When t≤15kg / m 2 / y and>10kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 50;

[0027] When t≤10kg / m 2 / y and>5kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 30;

[0028] When t≤5kg / m 2 / y and>2kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 10;

[0029] When t≤2cm, R2 is 0.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step S30, when 0<J≤20, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is poor; when 20<J≤40, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is poor; when 40<J≤60, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is medium; when 60<J≤80, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is good; when 80<J≤100, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is excellent; among them, when J≤40, the slope needs to be re-ecologically restored.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step S40, image acquisition equipment is deployed on the detected ecologically restored slope, and at least three image acquisition devices are deployed in the same area. The height of the equipment from the slope surface should be higher than the theoretical maximum growth height of the vegetation, so as to capture the full range of the slope vegetation; the DeepLabV3+ model is used to identify and extract information on the slope vegetation.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step S50, the collected vegetation information is analyzed, the relationship curve between the identified plant number and plant density is fitted, and the identified plant leaf area and carbon absorption effect are fitted to obtain corresponding relationship curves respectively.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step S60, a long-term image acquisition and monitoring is performed on the ecologically restored slope to obtain the number and area of ​​the slope vegetation, thereby obtaining the slope vegetation density and carbon absorption effect; after each monitoring, the carbon effect index J of the slope after ecological restoration is recalculated; when J is lower than 50% of J0 or J≤40, the carbon effect of the slope is considered to be poor, and the slope needs to be re-ecologically restored.

[0034] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the above technical scheme adopted by the method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration described in this application has the following technical effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention is applicable to the collection and evaluation method of the long-term carbon effect after the ecological restoration of the slope. It can monitor the carbon effect of the slope after the ecological restoration from a long-term perspective, conduct targeted evaluation of the carbon effect of the monitored slope, provide a reference basis for the ecological restoration of the slope, improve the reliability of ecological restoration, ensure the benefits of slope ecological restoration, fill the gap in the long-term monitoring of the slope after ecological restoration, and provide you with constructive suggestions for the long-term monitoring of the carbon effect after the ecological restoration of the slope;

[0036] 2. With the development of mining activities on mine slopes, a large number of damaged slope wounds have been generated, causing a great impact on the ecological environment. Slope ecological restoration technology is a widely used ecological restoration technology, and its later evaluation method directly affects the success or failure of ecological restoration. At present, the long-term carbon effects of slope restoration are uneven, and due to the lack of effective collection and evaluation methods on the market, a large number of ecological restoration technologies are difficult to measure. In response to the above problems, this patent has established a set of collection and evaluation methods for the long-term carbon effects of slopes after mine ecological restoration, which can efficiently realize the carbon effects and ecological benefits of mine slope restoration, and has certain market prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1This is a simplified flow chart of the method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effects of slopes after ecological restoration for this application.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a detailed flow chart of the method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effects of slopes after ecological restoration for this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] In the tables of the following embodiments, “(” represents “>”, “)” represents “<”, “[” represents “≥”, and “]” represents “≤”.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0043] Step S10: Conduct a field survey on the ecologically restored slope to be monitored, and assign an evaluation index R1 to the vegetation density of the ecologically restored slope according to the vegetation growth density in the monitored area;

[0044] The slope vegetation density after ecological restoration is determined by the vegetation density R1 according to the number of plants growing per unit area m, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0045] Table 1 Vegetation density evaluation scoring table

[0046] <![CDATA[Number of plants growing per unit area m (plants / m 2 )]]> Vegetation density R1 (600,∞) 100 (400,600] 75 (200,400] 50 (0,200] 20

[0047] Step S20: Conduct a field survey on the ecologically restored slope to be monitored, and assign an evaluation index score R2 to the carbon absorption effect of the ecologically restored slope by sampling and calculating the vegetation on site;

[0048] The carbon absorption effect R2 after ecological restoration is determined according to the carbon absorption of plants per unit area t, as follows: select plants from random areas, including plant stems, leaves and roots; carefully clean the plant stems, leaves and roots, remove the attached soil and ensure that the stems, leaves and roots are intact; place the plants in a constant temperature drying oven and dry them at a constant temperature of 40°C until the mass of the plants no longer changes; weigh the plants at this time to obtain the plant biomass T, multiply it by the average carbon content of the plants 0.5 to obtain the carbon content, and then multiply it by the relative atomic mass ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon 44 / 12 to obtain the mass of CO2 fixed by the plants in the area, and the calculation formula is as follows (2):

[0049]

[0050] The carbon absorption effect R2 after ecological restoration is determined according to the carbon absorption of plants per unit area t, as shown in Table 2 below:

[0051] Table 2 Evaluation and scoring table of plant carbon absorption

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Step S30: Comprehensively evaluate the slope carbon effect index according to the evaluation index scores R1 and R2. The evaluation formula is as follows (1);

[0055] J=0.4×R1+0.6×R2

[0056] Formula (1)

[0057] According to the size of the initial quantitative index J0, the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is comprehensively evaluated, thereby providing reference data;

[0058] When 0<J≤20, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is poor;

[0059] When 20<J≤40, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is poor;

[0060] When 40<J≤60, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is medium;

[0061] When 60<J≤80, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is good;

[0062] When 80<J≤100, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is excellent;

[0063] When J≤40, the slope needs to be ecologically restored again;

[0064] Step S40: collecting images of the growth of vegetation on the slope and identifying and extracting the vegetation on the slope by combining deep learning technology;

[0065] Image acquisition equipment was deployed on the ecologically restored slopes to be tested. At least three image acquisition devices were deployed in the same area. The height of the equipment from the slope surface should be higher than the theoretical maximum growth height of the vegetation, so as to capture the full range of the slope vegetation. The DeepLabV3+ model was used to identify and extract information on the slope vegetation.

[0066] Step S50: Analyze the extracted vegetation information, wherein the number of plants corresponds to the vegetation density, and the area of ​​the plants corresponds to the carbon absorption effect, and fit the two to obtain a relationship curve;

[0067] The collected vegetation information is analyzed, and a relationship curve is fitted between the number of identified plants and plant density, and between the leaf area of ​​the identified plants and the carbon absorption effect, to obtain corresponding relationship curves respectively;

[0068] Step S60: long-term image acquisition and monitoring of the slope after ecological restoration, and obtaining the slope vegetation density and carbon absorption effect by combining the acquired vegetation images with the fitting relationship curve; comprehensively evaluating the long-term carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration according to the size of the quantitative index J, and taking corresponding measures according to the indicators;

[0069] Long-term image acquisition and monitoring is carried out on the slope after ecological restoration to obtain the number and area of ​​slope vegetation, thereby obtaining the slope vegetation density and carbon absorption effect; the carbon effect index J of the slope after ecological restoration is recalculated after each monitoring. When J is lower than 50% of J0 or J≤40, the carbon effect of the slope is considered to be poor and the slope needs to be re-ecologically restored.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] A method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of a slope after ecological restoration is provided. Taking a slope after ecological restoration as an example, the scheme of Example 1 is adopted, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0072] Step S10: According to the field survey of the slope after ecological restoration to be monitored, the vegetation growth density in the monitored area is determined to be 560 plants / m 2 , thus the vegetation density R1 is 75;

[0073] Step S20: According to the field survey of the slope after ecological restoration to be monitored, the rock slope plants are randomly sampled and experimentally calculated to obtain the carbon absorption of plants per unit area t=12.8×0.5×44 / 12=23.47, thereby obtaining the carbon absorption of the aboveground plants R2 as 100;

[0074] Step S30: Comprehensively evaluate the slope carbon effect index according to the evaluation index scores R1 and R2, and the evaluation formula is as follows: J0=0.4×75+0.6×100=90;

[0075] As J0=90, the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological restoration and carbon effect of the slope is excellent, that is, the carbon absorption of the rock slope is excellent and the ecological restoration effect is good;

[0076] Step S40: collecting images of the growth of vegetation on the slope, and identifying and extracting the vegetation on the slope by combining deep learning technology;

[0077] Step S50: Analyze the extracted vegetation information, wherein the number of plants corresponds to the vegetation density, and the area of ​​the plants corresponds to the carbon absorption effect, and fit the two to obtain a relationship curve;

[0078] Step S60: Perform long-term image acquisition and monitoring of the slope after ecological restoration. One year after ecological restoration, the vegetation growth density of the slope is obtained to be 470 plants / m by combining the collected vegetation images with the fitting relationship curve. 2 , thus obtaining the vegetation density R1 as 75, the carbon absorption situation t = 8.1 × 0.5 × 44 / 12 = 14.85, and thus obtaining the carbon absorption situation of the aboveground plants R2 as 50;

[0079] According to the evaluation index scores R1 and R2, the slope carbon effect index was comprehensively evaluated. The evaluation formula was: J=0.4×75+0.6×50=60. The comprehensive evaluation of the slope ecological restoration and carbon effect was medium, and it still had a good ecological restoration effect.

[0080] The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S10: Conduct a field survey on the ecologically restored slope to be monitored, and assign an evaluation index R1 to the vegetation density of the ecologically restored slope according to the vegetation growth density in the monitored area; Step S20: Conduct a field survey on the ecologically restored slope to be monitored, and assign an evaluation index score R2 to the carbon absorption effect of the ecologically restored slope by sampling and calculating the vegetation on site; Step S30: Based on the evaluation index scores R1 and R2, a comprehensive evaluation is performed on the slope carbon effect index. The evaluation formula is as follows (1): J=0.4×R1+0.6×R2 Formula (1) According to the size of the initial quantitative index J0, the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is comprehensively evaluated, thereby providing reference data; Step S40: collecting images of the growth of vegetation on the slope and identifying and extracting the vegetation on the slope by combining deep learning technology; Step S50: Analyze the extracted vegetation information, wherein the number of plants corresponds to the vegetation density, and the area of ​​the plants corresponds to the carbon absorption effect, and fit the two to obtain a relationship curve; Step S60: Perform long-term image acquisition and monitoring on the slope after ecological restoration, and obtain the slope vegetation density and carbon absorption effect by combining the acquired vegetation images with the fitting relationship curve; comprehensively evaluate the long-term carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration according to the size of the quantitative index J, and take corresponding measures according to the indicators.

2. The method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S10, the vegetation density of the slope after ecological restoration is determined by the vegetation density R1 according to the number of plants growing per unit area m, as follows: When m>600 plants / m 2 When , R1 is 100; When m≤600 plants / m 2 And >400 plants / m 2 When R1 is 75; When m≤400 plants / m 2 And >200 plants / m 2 When R1 is 50; When m≤200 plants / m 2 When R1 is 20.

3. The method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S20, the carbon absorption effect R2 after ecological restoration is determined according to the carbon absorption of plants per unit area t, as follows: Take plants from random areas, including plant stems, leaves and roots; carefully clean the plant stems, leaves and roots, remove the attached soil and ensure that the stems, leaves and roots are intact; place the plants in a constant temperature drying oven and dry them at a constant temperature of 40°C until the plant quality no longer changes; At this time, the plants were weighed to obtain the plant biomass T, which was multiplied by the average carbon content of the plants 0.5 to obtain the carbon content, and then multiplied by the relative atomic mass ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon 44 / 12 to obtain the mass of CO2 fixed by the plants in this area. The calculation formula is as follows (2): When t>20kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 100; When t≤20kg / m 2 / y and>15kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 80; When t≤15kg / m 2 / y and>10kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 50; When t≤10kg / m 2 / y and>5kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 30; When t≤5kg / m 2 / y and>2kg / m 2 / y, R2 is 10; When t≤2cm, R2 is 0.

4. The method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S30, when 0<J≤20, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is poor; when 20<J≤40, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is poor; when 40<J≤60, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is medium; when 60<J≤80, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is good; when 80<J≤100, the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon effect of the slope after ecological restoration is excellent; among them, when J≤40, the slope needs to be re-ecologically restored.

5. The method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S40, image acquisition equipment is deployed on the detected ecologically restored slope. At least three image acquisition devices are deployed in the same area. The height of the equipment from the slope surface should be higher than the theoretical maximum growth height of the vegetation, so as to capture the full range of the slope vegetation; the DeepLabV3+ model is used to identify and extract information on the slope vegetation.

6. The method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S50, the collected vegetation information is analyzed, a relationship curve is fitted between the identified plant number and plant density, and a relationship curve is fitted between the identified plant leaf area and carbon absorption effect to obtain corresponding relationship curves.

7. The method for collecting and evaluating the long-term carbon effect of slopes after ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S60, long-term image acquisition and monitoring is performed on the ecologically restored slope to obtain the number and area of ​​slope vegetation, thereby obtaining the slope vegetation density and carbon absorption effect; The carbon effect index J of the slope after ecological restoration is recalculated after each monitoring. When J is lower than 50% of J0 or J≤40, the carbon effect of the slope is considered to be poor and the slope needs to be re-ecologically restored.

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