Soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil quality monitoring, in particular to a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection. The system comprises a protection area monitoring point planning module, a microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, a soil ecological quality monitoring module and a soil quality early warning control module, plant variety distribution, landform and water source condition distribution corresponding to a wild plant protection area can be obtained, and point location planning and soil monitoring sampling of a monitoring area are carried out to obtain a soil sampling sample; performing soil microorganism structure and fungus proportion evaluation on the soil samples, and performing nutrient gene abundance analysis at the same time to obtain the abundance of the genes participating in nutrient circulation of the soil; and carrying out soil ecological quality monitoring and quality early-warning response analysis on the soil monitoring point position sub-region, and generating a protection region soil quality early-warning prevention and control measure so as to execute corresponding wild plant protection region soil prevention and control work. According to the invention, the corresponding soil quality can be accurately monitored in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil quality monitoring, and in particular to a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection. Background Art

[0002] Wild plants are an important part of the natural ecosystem. Their survival and reproduction are highly dependent on the soil environment. As the basis for the growth of wild plants, the quality of soil directly affects the growth, reproduction and stability of their living environment. Therefore, soil quality monitoring is crucial for the protection of wild plants, especially for the protection of wild plants in ecologically sensitive areas. Accurate and timely monitoring of soil quality changes can provide data support for scientific research and protection decisions, help assess the impact of environmental pressure on plant growth, and then formulate corresponding protection measures. In recent years, some advanced soil quality monitoring technologies have been studied and applied, such as remote sensing technology, Internet of Things technology and sensor technology. These methods can achieve efficient and real-time monitoring of soil quality. However, these technologies still have certain limitations, especially in how to combine the characteristics of different ecological environments in practical applications, and the sampling points are sparsely distributed, making it difficult to fully reflect the complex and changeable soil characteristics of wild plant growth. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary for the present invention to provide a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection includes the following modules: The monitoring point planning module of the protected area is used to obtain the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant protected area based on the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas; The microbial structure and proportion evaluation module is used to perform soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; the soil microbial structure and fungus proportion evaluation is performed on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measurement and the proportion of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil ecological quality monitoring module is used to analyze the nutrient gene abundance of soil samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-area is monitored to obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil quality early warning and prevention module is used to conduct quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant protection areas based on the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protection areas, and implement soil prevention and control work in the corresponding wild plant protection areas.

[0005] Furthermore, the protection zone monitoring point planning module includes the following functions: Obtain the distribution of plant species corresponding to the wild plant protection area; Obtain the topography and landforms corresponding to the wild plant protection area; Obtain the distribution of water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area; According to the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area, the ecological and geographical information of the protection area is integrated to construct and generate the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area; Based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the monitoring area points of the wild plant protection area are planned to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas.

[0006] Furthermore, the integration of ecological geographic information of the wild plant protection area according to the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area includes: Obtain the corresponding species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution through the distribution of plant species in the wild plant protection area; The terrain slope and slope aspect analysis of the terrain and landforms corresponding to the wild plant protection area was carried out through the digital elevation model, and the terrain elevation slope and slope aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant protection area were obtained; Based on the terrain elevation slope and slope aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant protection area, the corresponding water source condition distribution, species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution of the protection area are fused to construct an ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area.

[0007] Furthermore, the planning of monitoring area points for the wild plant protection area based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area includes: The distribution range of rare and endangered plant habitats in the protected area is obtained through the distribution of plant species in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area; Based on the topography and landforms in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the ecological impact and interference analysis of the corresponding soil and water loss in the wild plant protection area was carried out to obtain the ecological impact and interference of the topography and soil in the protected area; Based on the distribution of water source conditions in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the ecological stability evaluation and analysis of the growth of the corresponding wild plants in the wild plant protection area was carried out to obtain the ecological stability distribution of the water source growth in the protected area; Based on the impact of terrain, soil and water ecology on the protected area and the distribution of ecological stability of water source growth in the protected area, the monitoring area point planning is carried out for the distribution range of rare and endangered plant habitats in the protected area corresponding to the wild plant protection area to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas.

[0008] Furthermore, the microbial structure and proportion assessment module includes the following functions: By performing soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point location sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period, a soil sampling sample corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained; Microbial community structure imaging is performed on soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to generate a microscopic cell structure map of soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The corresponding soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details are obtained through the soil microbial microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and the soil microbial microbial cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is analyzed based on the soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details to obtain the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the composition and structural characteristics of the soil microbial community corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are evaluated for microbial structural diversity to obtain the soil microbial structural diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil fungus ratio of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area was evaluated to obtain the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil of each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0009] Furthermore, the soil fungus proportion assessment of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area includes: The corresponding soil microorganisms are obtained through soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and metabolomics transformation analysis is performed on the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the metabolite transformation relationship of soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil microorganisms were tracked and analyzed using isotope tracing technology to obtain the transformation path of soil fungi metabolic pathways corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the soil fungi metabolic pathway transformation pathway corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil microbial fungi are analyzed for their fungi ecological functional characteristics, so as to obtain the soil ecological functional characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil sampling samples are separated from beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, so as to separate the beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the soil samples, and the separated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are counted by flow cytometry to obtain the number of soil beneficial bacteria and soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil fungus ratio was evaluated and calculated based on the number of beneficial soil bacteria and the number of soil pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the ratio of beneficial soil bacteria to pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil ecological quality monitoring module includes the following functions: Diluting the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area with a sample solution to generate a soil sample solution corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Extracting soil nucleic acid from soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Obtaining nanoparticles corresponding to specific nucleic acid affinity groups, and performing in situ nucleic acid capture of soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area based on the nanoparticles corresponding to the specific nucleic acid affinity groups, so as to obtain the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Nutrient gene abundance analysis was performed on the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the abundance of soil genes involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is used to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-areas to obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0011] Furthermore, the nutrient gene abundance analysis of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area includes: The chemical composition of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is gradually degraded to obtain the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Sorting the base sequence of the chemical composition of the soil gene nucleic acid corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the base arrangement order of the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Obtain a database of gene sequences known to be involved in nutrient cycling, and perform nucleic acid sequence comparison on the base arrangement order of soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area based on the database of gene sequences known to be involved in nutrient cycling, to obtain the soil gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Conducting quantitative detection of the gene fragments of soil known to be involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area by fluorescent labeling, and obtaining the fluorescence signal intensity of soil involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the fluorescence signal intensity of soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the nutrient gene abundance inversion of the corresponding soil gene fragments known to participate in nutrient cycling was performed to obtain the soil nutrient cycling gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0012] Furthermore, the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is specifically as follows: ; In the formula, For the The soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, is the total number of soil monitoring sub-areas, is the spatial extent of the soil monitoring sub-area, is the spatial position variable parameter, For the The soil microbial structure diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The number of beneficial soil bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The number of soil pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the Soil monitoring sub-areas are located in The abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling at For the The gene abundance attenuation factor corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, It is the correction coefficient for the health of soil ecological quality.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil quality early warning and prevention module includes the following functions: The soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is compared and judged according to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold. If the soil ecological quality health level is less than the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-area is judged as an abnormal soil quality area; if the soil ecological quality health level is greater than or equal to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-area is judged as a normal soil quality area; Trigger warning of abnormal soil quality in soil monitoring sub-areas in wild plant protection areas, so as to generate abnormal soil quality warning signals for protected sub-areas; Based on the abnormal quality warning signals of the protected sub-areas, a quality warning response analysis is conducted on the corresponding soil monitoring sub-areas in the wild plant protection area, and soil quality warning and prevention measures for the protection area are generated, including local soil improvement in the protection area, prevention and control of pests and diseases, and adjustment of the scope of human activity interference, so as to implement the corresponding soil prevention and control work in the wild plant protection area.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection proposed in the present invention is generally composed of a protection area monitoring point planning module, a microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, a soil ecological quality monitoring module, and a soil quality early warning and prevention module. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present application is that by obtaining the plant species distribution, topography and water source conditions of the wild plant protection area, a scientific basis can be provided for the point planning of the monitoring area. The plant species distribution not only reflects the ecological needs of the species, but also reveals the biodiversity and ecological status of a specific area. By understanding the changes in topography and landforms, the climate, soil properties and water source conditions of different regions can be judged, and then the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil such as humidity, temperature, and pH can be predicted, which have a significant impact on plant growth and soil microbial activity. The distribution of water source conditions directly affects the availability of soil moisture, and then affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community. Based on these data, the monitoring points can be reasonably selected in combination with the characteristics of different ecological environments, which can ensure that soil monitoring covers representative areas of different ecological types, and can also increase the distribution points of soil monitoring sampling, thereby comprehensively and accurately reflecting the changes in soil ecological quality. Secondly, by sampling the soil at a predetermined period and evaluating the microbial structure and fungal proportion of the samples, we can gain a deep understanding of the ecological functions of the soil and its ability to support plant growth. The structure of the soil microbial community has an important impact on soil health. The presence and proportion of different microorganisms are directly related to key functions such as soil nutrient cycling, disease suppression, and soil remediation. By evaluating the diversity of the microbial structure of each soil monitoring sub-area, the ecological state of the soil can be determined. For example, a highly diverse soil microbial community usually means that the ecological environment of the soil is relatively stable and can effectively support the healthy growth of plants. At the same time, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogens in the soil is also an important indicator for evaluating soil health. Beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria help improve soil fertility and promote plant growth; while the excessive growth of pathogens leads to the occurrence of plant diseases. This can help identify which soil areas have better ecological health and which areas have potential ecological risks. This process can identify potential soil problems in advance and provide a basis for subsequent soil management and protection measures. Then, through gene abundance analysis, the abundance of microbial genes involved in nutrient cycling in the soil can be evaluated, thereby reflecting the nutritional status and fertility level of the soil. If the abundance of nutrient cycling genes in a certain soil area is low, it means that the soil's nutrient supply capacity is poor, affecting plant growth and the stability of the ecosystem. By combining the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the abundance of nutrient cycling genes, the ecological quality of the soil can be comprehensively evaluated. This monitoring method can reveal the health of the soil and evaluate the function of the soil in supporting plant growth and maintaining the stability of the ecosystem. It can not only monitor soil health in real time, but also comprehensively reflect the complex and changeable soil characteristics of wild plant growth.Finally, by evaluating the ecological quality health of each soil monitoring sub-area, it is possible to provide a basis for soil quality early warning and prevention measures in wild plant protection areas. Changes in soil quality directly affect the growth conditions and ecological functions of plants. Therefore, timely monitoring and early warning of soil ecological health are essential. Through scientific data analysis, areas with poor soil quality can be identified, potential soil problems can be predicted in advance, and corresponding soil protection and restoration measures can be formulated in a timely manner, including the introduction of technical means to improve soil, the planting of adaptable plants, and the adjustment of water and soil management methods, so as to restore soil health, promote the prosperity of wild plant protection populations, and ensure the growth of wild plants and the stability of the ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 It is a module schematic diagram of the soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the functional flow of the monitoring point planning module in the central protection zone; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the functional flow of the microbial structure and proportion assessment module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical system of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar parts, and their repeated description will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. The functional entities can be implemented in software form, or implemented in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or implemented in different networks and / or processor systems and / or microcontroller systems.

[0018] It should be understood that, although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one unit from another unit. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, the first unit may be referred to as the second unit, and similarly the second unit may be referred to as the first unit. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed associated items.

[0019] To achieve this, please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 2 The present invention provides a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection, the system comprising the following modules: The monitoring point planning module of the protected area is used to obtain the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant protected area based on the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas; The microbial structure and proportion evaluation module is used to perform soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; the soil microbial structure and fungus proportion evaluation is performed on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measurement and the proportion of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil ecological quality monitoring module is used to analyze the nutrient gene abundance of soil samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-area is monitored to obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil quality early warning and prevention module is used to conduct quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant protection areas based on the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protection areas, and implement soil prevention and control work in the corresponding wild plant protection areas.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module of a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to the present invention. In this example, the soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection includes the following modules: S1: The monitoring point planning module of the protected area is used to obtain the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant protected area based on the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas; In an embodiment of the present invention, in the soil monitoring area planning of the wild plant protection area, it is first necessary to collect spatial data on the plant species distribution, topography and water source conditions related to the protection area, and obtain the plant species distribution map, topography map and water source condition map of the area through remote sensing technology and GIS (geographic information system) technology. Utilize remote sensing images and geographic information analysis software, combined with the known plant species ecological habits, terrain characteristics (such as mountains, hills, plains, etc.) and water source conditions (such as groundwater levels, rivers, lakes, etc.) distribution characteristics, to construct detailed plant species ecological suitability areas. These areas are divided into multiple sub-areas according to the growth needs and distribution patterns of plants. The division of each sub-area is based on the specific needs of plant species on soil conditions and the impact of water source conditions, clarify the monitoring focus of different areas, and determine the number and distribution of soil monitoring points in each sub-area, and finally plan and generate each soil monitoring point sub-area.

[0021] S2: Microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, used to perform soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; evaluate the soil microbial structure and fungal proportion of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measurement and the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, soil monitoring points in each soil monitoring sub-area are selected according to a predetermined sampling cycle and standard. Soil sampling should be carried out in different seasons to ensure that the impact of seasonal changes on soil properties is reflected. A standard soil sampler is used to take samples at a certain depth (usually 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm, etc.), and at least 3 representative samples are obtained at each monitoring point to ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the data. After sample collection, the structure of soil microorganisms is immediately analyzed, and the diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms are evaluated by high-throughput sequencing technology (such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing). The bacterial community structure analysis is performed on each soil sample, and the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria is further analyzed. Relevant bioinformatics tools are used for data processing, and the diversity index of the microbial community (such as the Shannon index) is calculated. The soil microbial health status of each soil monitoring sub-area is evaluated based on the analysis results, and finally the soil microbial structure diversity metric and the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are obtained.

[0022] S3: Soil ecological quality monitoring module, used to analyze the nutrient gene abundance of soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-area is monitored to obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the relevant data of soil microorganisms, nutrient gene abundance analysis is further performed. First, PCR amplification technology is used to quantitatively analyze specific nutrient cycle-related genes (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc. metabolic genes), and high-throughput genome sequencing technology is used to evaluate the gene abundance related to nutrient cycle in soil samples, so as to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area. At the same time, the soil ecological quality health score of each soil monitoring sub-area is comprehensively evaluated by combining the soil microbial structure diversity metric, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the abundance of soil genes involved in nutrient cycle corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, so as to analyze the microbial diversity, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the abundance of nutrient cycle genes in each soil monitoring sub-area, and perform soil ecological quality health assessment. The comprehensive ecological quality score is used to convert these indicators into a soil ecological quality health index, and finally the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0023] S4: Soil quality early warning and prevention module is used to conduct quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant protection areas based on the soil ecological quality health level of each soil monitoring sub-area, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protection areas, and implement soil prevention work in the corresponding wild plant protection areas.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present invention, a soil quality early warning model is established by combining the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area obtained by previous evaluation and calculation, and a quality early warning analysis of the corresponding soil ecological status is performed based on the health index of each monitoring point in the area. If the ecological quality index of some soil monitoring points is lower than the set threshold, a soil quality early warning signal will be automatically issued. According to the monitoring results corresponding to the soil quality early warning signal, protection measures are formulated and implemented in a timely manner, including soil improvement, pest and disease control, etc., and soil management measures in the protected area are adjusted to ensure the long-term health of the soil ecological quality, and finally the corresponding soil prevention and control work in the wild plant protection area is implemented.

[0025] Furthermore, the protection zone monitoring point planning module includes the following functions: Obtain the distribution of plant species corresponding to the wild plant protection area; Obtain the topography and landforms corresponding to the wild plant protection area; Obtain the distribution of water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area; According to the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area, the ecological and geographical information of the protection area is integrated to construct and generate the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area; Based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the monitoring area points of the wild plant protection area are planned to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas.

[0026] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 The functional flow diagram of the monitoring point planning module of the protected area in this embodiment includes the following functions: S11: Obtain the distribution of plant species corresponding to the wild plant protection area; In an embodiment of the present invention, when obtaining the distribution of plant species corresponding to a wild plant protection area, it is first necessary to use remote sensing technology to obtain spatial data within the protection area. By analyzing satellite image data, vegetation indices (such as NDVI) can be extracted to determine the vegetation growth conditions and distribution in different areas. Combined with the geographic information system (GIS) of the wild plant protection area, the distribution data of plant species is obtained by classifying the land objects in the remote sensing images. These distribution information are verified and corrected in combination with ground survey data to ensure the accuracy of the data. The relevant knowledge of plant taxonomy and plant geography is used to classify and calibrate plant species in different areas, and finally the corresponding plant species distribution is obtained.

[0027] S12: Obtain the topography corresponding to the wild plant protection area; In an embodiment of the present invention, high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) data is used. These data can be obtained through remote sensing technology or laser radar technology (LiDAR), and can accurately reflect the terrain height, slope changes and terrain types in the area. The DEM data is further analyzed to identify the main terrain features in the protected area, such as mountains, hills, river valleys, etc., and classify and label them. At the same time, combined with on-site field surveys and historical topographic data, the geomorphic features in the protected area are verified and revised, and GIS tools are used to perform spatial analysis on these terrain and geomorphic information, and a terrain and geomorphic distribution layer is constructed to finally obtain the terrain and geomorphology corresponding to the wild plant protection area.

[0028] S13: Obtain the distribution of water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area; In an embodiment of the present invention, data related to water bodies are obtained by utilizing remote sensing technology, including remote sensing image data of water bodies such as reservoirs, rivers, and lakes. The specific location and distribution range of water sources are determined through image interpretation and data analysis. In addition, information on water source conditions such as precipitation and surface water flow in the protected area is obtained through meteorological data and hydrological model simulation. Combined with hydrogeological survey data, the distribution of groundwater sources can be further identified. All water source information is spatially integrated and analyzed through GIS to generate a water source condition distribution layer, providing a detailed view of the water source distribution in the protected area, and finally obtaining the water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protection area.

[0029] S14: Based on the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area, the ecological and geographical information of the protection area is integrated to generate an ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area; In an embodiment of the present invention, the plant species distribution, topography and water source condition distribution data are standardized respectively to eliminate the scale differences and errors between different data sources. Then, the spatial overlay analysis method is used to merge the various data layers (plant species, topography, water source conditions). The weight of the impact of each factor on the ecological environment of the protected area is calculated through a spatial weighted model or a cascade analysis method. Based on the fusion of eco-geographic factors, a new comprehensive distribution layer is generated. This layer can comprehensively reflect the ecological and environmental characteristics in the protected area, including the distribution pattern of plant species, the influence of topography and water source conditions on plant growth. This layer provides an important spatial reference basis for the planning of ecological monitoring and soil quality testing in the protected area, and finally constructs a generated eco-geographic fusion distribution layer for the protected area.

[0030] S15: Based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the monitoring area points of the wild plant protection area are planned to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, when planning soil monitoring points in a protected area based on an eco-geographic fusion distribution layer, firstly, based on comprehensive information such as plant species, topography, and water source conditions, areas with significant ecological characteristics and large soil changes are identified. These areas may be ecologically sensitive areas or areas where soil quality is greatly affected. Through spatial analysis methods, combined with existing soil quality monitoring data in the protected area, several monitoring points are planned. These points need to cover different geomorphic units, distribution areas of different plant species, and areas with large differences in water source conditions to ensure the comprehensiveness and representativeness of soil quality monitoring. For each monitoring point, specific monitoring indicators are set, such as soil pH value, nutrients, humidity and other parameters, and monitoring cycles and methods are formulated to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of the data. Through this refined soil monitoring point planning, changes in soil quality in the protected area can be evaluated in real time, and ultimately each soil monitoring point sub-area is planned and generated.

[0032] Furthermore, the integration of ecological geographic information of the wild plant protection area according to the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area includes: Obtain the corresponding species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution through the distribution of plant species in the wild plant protection area; In an embodiment of the present invention, plant species distribution data of a wild plant protection area is collected, which can be carried out by combining field surveys and remote sensing image data. Remote sensing images can provide vegetation information of a large area, while ground surveys can accurately confirm specific species in each area. By identifying vegetation types, the abundance of each plant species is calculated based on information such as vegetation type, density, and coverage. For rare plants, accurate identification can be performed in combination with the habitat preference of the species, and its habitat can be calibrated. Specifically, through data collection and ground verification, the types of species in the area and their distribution are obtained, and a species abundance distribution layer is constructed. In addition, for rare plant habitats, spatial analysis is performed through a geographic information system (GIS) combined with the growth environment conditions of the species (such as humidity, soil type, vegetation density, etc.), thereby drawing a spatial distribution map of the rare plant habitat, and finally obtaining the species abundance and the distribution of rare plant habitats.

[0033] Preferably, the terrain slope and slope aspect analysis is performed on the terrain and landforms corresponding to the wild plant protection area through a digital elevation model to obtain the terrain elevation slope and slope aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant protection area; In an embodiment of the present invention, terrain elevation data within the protected area is obtained by relying on a digital elevation model (DEM). First, elevation information of the wild plant protected area is obtained from a known elevation data source (such as satellite data or aerial survey data). By applying digital elevation model software (such as ArcGIS or QGIS), a slope analysis is performed on the area. The slope analysis calculates the neighborhood elevation difference of each grid point to obtain the slope size of each section; the aspect analysis calculates the slope direction of each grid point to clarify the slope distribution in different directions. These topographic and geomorphic features can provide a reference for the spatial distribution of species habitats, especially considering the effects of different slopes and aspects on moisture, sunlight and soil type. The data generation process can be displayed in a geographic information system to form a clear slope and aspect distribution layer, and finally the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area are obtained.

[0034] Preferably, based on the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant protection area, the corresponding water source condition distribution, species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution are integrated with the protection area's ecological geographic information to construct and generate an ecological geographic fusion distribution layer for the protection area.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of data layers (such as terrain slope, aspect, water source conditions, species abundance, distribution of rare plant habitats, etc.) are comprehensively analyzed to reveal the ecological characteristics of a wild plant conservation area. First, the slope and aspect data in a digital elevation model are superimposed and analyzed with the water source distribution data to obtain the spatial relationship between the water source conditions and terrain characteristics in different regions. Secondly, based on the species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution map, combined with terrain characteristics and water source conditions, spatial analysis methods (such as weighted overlay method or multivariate analysis) are used to weight different ecological factors to obtain an eco-geographic fusion distribution layer. This process requires full consideration of the weight of each data layer, and by setting reasonable standards, ensure that the generated layer can accurately reflect the ecological environment of the conservation area. These operations are usually performed using spatial analysis tools in GIS software. The obtained layer will provide a scientific basis for measures such as species protection and habitat restoration in the conservation area, and ultimately construct an eco-geographic fusion distribution layer for the conservation area.

[0036] Furthermore, the planning of monitoring area points for the wild plant protection area based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area includes: The distribution range of rare and endangered plant habitats in the protected area is obtained through the distribution of plant species in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area; In an embodiment of the present invention, the distribution of plant species is obtained through the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area. First, various ecological information in the protected area, including basic data such as terrain, climate, and water sources, is integrated, and these data are spatially fused to obtain a distribution layer with high accuracy and detail. Based on this fusion layer, the habitat distribution range of different plants in the protected area is extracted, and the plant species distribution data is spatially analyzed by using geographic information system (GIS) technology. Combined with remote sensing image data, the growth environment of various plants is accurately mapped, especially for rare and endangered plants. By matching with the species database, their specific habitat distribution range is marked. The layer data processing requires the use of high-resolution remote sensing images, combined with species habitat model analysis, to ensure that the geographical distribution of plant species is accurate, and finally the habitat distribution range of rare and endangered plants in the protected area is obtained.

[0037] Preferably, an ecological impact interference analysis is performed on the corresponding soil erosion in the wild plant protection area based on the topography and landforms in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area to obtain the ecological impact interference of the topography and soil of the protection area; In an embodiment of the present invention, after analyzing the distribution of plant species based on an eco-geographic fusion layer, soil erosion analysis is performed in combination with the topography of the area. During the analysis, it is necessary to collect a digital elevation model (DEM) and related terrain data in the area. These data are used to calculate information such as slope, slope aspect, and watershed in the area, and further analyze the impact of surface water flow on soil erosion. By using a soil erosion prediction model (such as the USLE model), the intensity of soil erosion and ecological impact under different terrain conditions are evaluated to form a terrain and soil and water ecological impact interference layer of the protected area. This layer provides basic data for subsequent ecological impact assessments, helps determine which areas have a higher risk of soil erosion, thereby affecting the growth environment of wild plants in the protected area, and ultimately obtains the terrain and soil and water ecological impact interference of the protected area.

[0038] Preferably, based on the distribution of water source conditions in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, an ecological stability assessment and analysis of the growth of corresponding wild plants in the wild plant protection area is performed to obtain the ecological stability distribution of water source growth in the protected area; In an embodiment of the present invention, the ecological stability of plant growth is evaluated by the distribution of water source conditions in the protected area. In this process, it is first necessary to collect water resource distribution information in the area, including groundwater levels, rivers, lakes and other water source data. These data are integrated through hydrological models and remote sensing technology to generate a water source distribution layer, and by combining the layer data, an ecological stability assessment is performed, mainly examining the impact of water sources on plant growth, especially the sustainability of water sources and water supply in dry seasons and extreme climate conditions. By calculating the matching degree between the water demand of vegetation and the water supply, a regional distribution map of the ecological stability of water source growth in the protected area is obtained. Through this analysis, areas with abundant water sources and favorable for plant growth can be identified, and finally the distribution of the ecological stability of water source growth in the protected area is obtained.

[0039] Preferably, monitoring area point planning is carried out for the distribution range of rare and endangered plant habitats in the wild plant protection area corresponding to the wild plant protection area based on the interference of the terrain, water and soil ecology of the protection area and the distribution of the ecological stability of the water source growth in the protection area, so as to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the water and soil ecological impact interference and water source growth ecological stability distribution layers generated by the aforementioned steps are firstly superimposed on the two layers to find out the areas that have an important impact on the protection of plant habitats. Through spatial analysis technology, those areas that are less affected by soil erosion and have good water source guarantees are identified as key monitoring areas for the protection of rare and endangered plant habitats. On this basis, these key areas are subdivided using GIS technology to plan a plurality of soil monitoring point sub-areas. The setting of the monitoring points is based on factors such as soil texture, humidity, temperature, and pH value to ensure the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the monitoring data. Each monitoring point sub-area should cover different ecological and geographical environments. By regularly testing the soil quality of these monitoring points, the change data of plant growth conditions can be obtained in a timely manner, and finally the soil monitoring point sub-areas are planned and generated.

[0041] Furthermore, the microbial structure and proportion assessment module includes the following functions: By performing soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point location sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period, a soil sampling sample corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained; Microbial community structure imaging is performed on soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to generate a microscopic cell structure map of soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The corresponding soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details are obtained through the soil microbial microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and the soil microbial microbial cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is analyzed based on the soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details to obtain the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the composition and structural characteristics of the soil microbial community corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are evaluated for microbial structural diversity to obtain the soil microbial structural diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil fungus ratio of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area was evaluated to obtain the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil of each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0042] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 3 As shown, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the functional flow of the microbial structure and proportion evaluation module in the embodiment. In this embodiment, the microbial structure and proportion evaluation module includes the following functions: S21: performing soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, when conducting soil monitoring sampling, it is necessary to select multiple representative soil monitoring points. First, a detailed analysis of the study area is performed through a geographic information system (GIS), and several soil monitoring sub-areas are determined based on factors such as soil type, terrain characteristics, precipitation, and vegetation distribution. Soil samples in each monitoring sub-area need to be regularly collected according to a predetermined periodic sampling plan. The sampling cycle can be set to once a quarter to ensure long-term and accurate monitoring of dynamic changes in the soil. During the sampling process, standardized sampling tools, such as stainless steel sampling tubes or soil shovels, are used to collect soil samples at a uniform depth (such as 30 cm), and the sample numbers and sampling positions are marked respectively. The collected soil samples should be stored in sealed bags or special containers to avoid contamination or interference of the samples, ensure their representativeness and accuracy, and finally obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0043] S22: Perform microbial community structure imaging on soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to generate a soil microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, when imaging the microbial community structure of the collected soil sample, the sample must first be sent to a laboratory for processing, and microscopic imaging technology is used to image the microorganisms in the soil sample using a high-resolution confocal microscope. In this process, staining technology (such as using fluorescent dyes) is used to mark the cell structures of different microbial communities in the soil sample. These microbial communities may include bacteria, fungi and other single-cell organisms. The image data needs to be processed by computer software to obtain a microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area. The map can reflect the overall distribution, morphological characteristics and density changes of the microbial community in the soil, and finally generate a soil microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0044] S23: Obtain the corresponding soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details through the soil microbial microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and analyze the microbial community composition characteristics of the soil microbial microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area based on the soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details to obtain the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, when analyzing the soil microbial microscopic cell structure map, the detailed structure of the microbial cell wall and organelles is first extracted by image processing software. For example, through high-resolution microscopic imaging technology, the thickness and morphology of the cell wall and whether it has a protective function can be distinguished, and the layout and distribution of organelles such as ribosomes and mitochondria in the cell can be further observed. The soil microbial cell structure map of each soil monitoring sub-area is extracted using an automated analysis tool. According to the morphological characteristics, organelle distribution and other information of each microbial cell in the map, combined with the physicochemical properties of the soil sample, the composition characteristics of the soil microbial community are analyzed, and by comparing the differences in microbial communities between different regions, the types and proportions of soil microbial communities and their relationship with the soil environment can be determined, thereby gaining an in-depth understanding of the microbial ecological conditions of different soil monitoring sub-areas, and finally obtaining the composition and structural characteristics of the soil microbial community corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0045] S24: Based on the composition and structural characteristics of the soil microbial communities corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are evaluated for microbial structural diversity, so as to obtain the soil microbial structural diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, the species diversity of the microbial community in each soil sample is evaluated based on the microbial community composition characteristics of each soil monitoring sub-area through statistical analysis methods (such as the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, the Simpson diversity index, etc.). First, according to the microbial community structure map of each soil sample, the relative abundance of all types of microorganisms in the sample is determined, and the species richness is calculated. Then, the microbial species information of each sample is input using relevant statistical analysis software to calculate the diversity index. Through this evaluation, the diversity level of the microbial community in different soil monitoring sub-areas can be quantitatively described, and finally the soil microbial structure diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0046] S25: Evaluate the proportion of soil fungi in the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the proportion of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the microorganisms in the collected soil samples are separated and purified by a separation and culture method, and a specific culture medium is selected to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. For example, a selective culture medium is used to separate beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. At the same time, possible pathogens are screened out by a pathogen selective culture medium. The morphology, staining characteristics and physiological and chemical properties of the cultured bacterial community are observed under a microscope to further identify their types. Combined with the calculation method, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in each soil sample is evaluated, and specific fungus ratio data is obtained, and finally the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0048] Furthermore, the soil fungus proportion assessment of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area includes: The corresponding soil microorganisms are obtained through soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and metabolomics transformation analysis is performed on the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, soil samples are randomly collected from multiple soil monitoring sub-areas according to a certain pattern to ensure that the samples are representative. The collection depth and location of each sample should be adjusted according to the soil type and environmental conditions. The collected soil samples need to be processed (such as refrigeration, drying, screening, etc.), and then the soil microbial community in the sample is identified using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology, and the collected soil samples are analyzed for bacterial communities by using suitable equipment, such as the Ion Proton system or the Illumina HiSeq system. Subsequently, the microbial community data of each soil monitoring sub-area are sorted and counted. Then, metabolomics technology is used to analyze the metabolites of microorganisms in each soil sample using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) equipment. Through the analysis of metabolic data, the metabolite conversion relationship of microorganisms in different soil monitoring sub-areas is identified, a metabolite generation and conversion network diagram is established, the metabolite distribution and change law of soil microorganisms are obtained, and finally the metabolite conversion relationship of soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0049] Preferably, based on the metabolite transformation relationship of soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil microorganisms are subjected to metabolic transformation tracking analysis using isotope tracing technology to obtain the soil fungus metabolic pathway transformation path corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, based on the soil microbial metabolite transformation relationship obtained in the previous analysis, a suitable isotope tracer marker (such as C-13, N-15, etc.) is selected, and the marker is added to the soil sample to observe its metabolic transformation path in the soil microbial community. The isotope tracer technology (such as isotope-labeled organic matter input method) is used to label different carbon sources or nitrogen sources. By tracking and distributing the markers, it is understood how soil microorganisms convert these markers into metabolites. In this process, mass spectrometry (such as high-resolution mass spectrometry or isotope-labeled mass spectrometry) can be used to analyze the soil sample to accurately track the metabolic process of the marker and its metabolic path in the microorganism. Through this method, the specific transformation path of the metabolic pathway of soil microorganisms in different soil monitoring sub-areas can be revealed, and its metabolic changes under different environmental conditions can be understood, and finally the transformation path of the metabolic pathway of soil fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area can be obtained.

[0050] Preferably, the fungus ecological function characteristics of the corresponding soil microorganisms are analyzed based on the soil fungus metabolic pathway conversion pathway corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, so as to obtain the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, the soil microbial ecological function in each monitoring sub-area is analyzed based on the previously obtained soil microbial metabolic pathway conversion path, and the function of each type of microbial community is classified by using ecological methods and combining with the existing ecological function classification system. For example, the functional genes of microorganisms in the soil can be predicted by 16S rRNA data, and annotated and compared through functional gene databases (such as KEGG, SEED). In order to further verify the functional characteristics of microorganisms, the community structure of microorganisms can be combined to analyze the soil ecological processes in which they participate, such as nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycle, etc. These functional characteristics are comprehensively analyzed by combining metabolomics data with genomic information, which can reveal the specific ecological functions of soil microbial communities in different soil monitoring sub-areas, further provide an evaluation of the soil ecological health status, and finally obtain the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0051] Preferably, based on the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil sampling samples are separated from beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, so as to separate the beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the soil samples, and the separated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are counted by flow cytometry to obtain the number of soil beneficial bacteria and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, by using a selective culture medium to separate beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria according to the ecological functional characteristics of soil microorganisms, different culture conditions and screening markers can be selected to separate beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the soil, such as antibiotic screening, pH selection, oxygen demand and other conditions, and the colonies are separated on a suitable culture medium by a coating method, a pouring method and the like, and further identified by morphology and molecular biology (such as 16S rRNA gene amplification), and the separated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are counted by using flow cytometry (such as FACS technology), and the number of each type of bacterial colony is accurately counted by setting different cell markers. Flow cytometry can not only quantitatively analyze the number of bacterial colonies in the sample, but also analyze the activity and distribution of the bacterial colonies. Through this process, the accurate number of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained, and finally the number of soil beneficial bacteria and soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0052] Preferably, the soil fungus ratio is evaluated and calculated based on the number of beneficial soil bacteria and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, so as to obtain the ratio of beneficial soil bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogens in the soil sample is calculated based on the previously obtained number data of beneficial bacteria and pathogens. The calculation can use a simple ratio formula, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogens = the number of beneficial bacteria / the number of pathogens. According to this ratio, the soil ecological balance of each soil monitoring sub-area can be further analyzed. If the number of beneficial bacteria is greater than that of pathogens, it means that the soil health in this area is better; if pathogens are dominant, there is a risk of soil degradation or disease. This ratio calculation can provide a scientific basis for agricultural planting, plant protection, etc., and provide direction for soil management and improvement, and finally obtain the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogens in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0054] Furthermore, the soil ecological quality monitoring module includes the following functions: Diluting the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area with a sample solution to generate a soil sample solution corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, soil samples collected from each soil monitoring sub-area will be transferred to a special container for solution dilution. First, using aseptic operation technology, take an appropriate amount of soil sample, usually 10g of soil, and add a certain volume of physiological saline (0.85% NaCl solution) or buffer (such as PBS buffer solution) to ensure that the sample is not contaminated by the outside world. In this process, the volume of the added liquid should be adjusted according to the type of soil sample and the required dilution degree, usually 10 times the volume of the soil. After sufficient mixing, use a centrifuge to centrifuge at a speed of 3000rpm for 5 minutes to precipitate larger particles in the soil, obtain supernatant, and finally generate soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0055] Preferably, soil nucleic acid is extracted from the soil sample solution corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, nucleic acid extraction is performed on the soil sample solution corresponding to each monitoring sub-area, and the extraction target is the microbial DNA in the soil. For this purpose, a common soil DNA extraction kit on the market (such as QIAGEN or Omega products) is used. The main steps include mixing the diluted soil solution with the extraction buffer and the lysis reagent, and lysing the soil sample by mechanical grinding or freeze-thaw cycles to destroy the cell walls in the soil and release the DNA. Next, the dissolved DNA is separated by centrifugation technology, and the DNA is purified by filtering, washing, and multiple centrifugation steps to obtain a high-purity soil nucleic acid solution. The extracted soil nucleic acid fragments should be quantitatively analyzed to ensure that the concentration of the DNA is suitable for downstream analysis, and finally the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are obtained.

[0056] Preferably, nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups are obtained, and the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are subjected to target in situ nucleic acid capture based on the nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups to obtain the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, in situ nucleic acid capture is performed by using nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups (such as biotin or oligonucleotide probes). These nanoparticles are usually based on gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic microbeads. The surfaces of these particles are functionalized so as to bind to specific nucleic acid sequences. During the operation, the specific affinity group nanoparticles are first mixed with the soil nucleic acid fragment solution. The reaction time is generally set to 1 hour to ensure that the affinity group is fully combined with the target nucleic acid fragment. At this time, if the soil nucleic acid fragment contains the target gene sequence, the affinity group nanoparticles will capture the nucleic acid fragments of these target genes through interaction. Through magnetic separation, washing and other steps, the non-specifically bound nucleic acids are removed, and finally the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are obtained.

[0057] Preferably, the nutrient gene abundance analysis is performed on the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the nucleic acid fragment sequence of the soil target gene, gene abundance analysis is performed. First, the extracted target gene fragment is sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology (such as Illumina platform or Nanopore platform) to obtain the corresponding gene sequence data, and the sequence is matched with the database to analyze the abundance of genes involved in nutrient cycling in each soil monitoring sub-area. During the calculation process, the relative abundance of different genes is determined according to the copy number and sequencing depth of the target gene, and its potential role in soil nutrient cycling is further analyzed. This analysis result can reflect the contribution of microbial populations in the soil to nutrient cycling, and finally the abundance of soil genes involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0058] Preferably, soil ecological quality monitoring is performed on the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-areas based on the soil microbial structure diversity metric, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area using a soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula to obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present invention, a suitable soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is formed by combining the total number of soil monitoring sub-areas, the spatial range of the soil monitoring sub-areas, the soil microbial structure diversity metric, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, the abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling, the gene abundance attenuation factor and related parameters to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-areas, so as to achieve a comprehensive score for the ecological quality of each soil monitoring sub-area, and finally obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0060] Furthermore, the nutrient gene abundance analysis of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area includes: The chemical composition of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is gradually degraded to obtain the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, representative soil samples of each soil monitoring sub-area are selected, and a specific chemical method is used to treat the soil samples in order to gradually degrade the chemical composition of the gene nucleic acid fragments in these soil samples. Common degradation methods include using a certain concentration of acidic or alkaline solution to chemically decompose the soil samples. Through this treatment, the organic and inorganic substances contained in the soil are gradually dissolved or degraded to extract the target gene. Usually, chemical reagents that remove organic components in the soil, such as ammonium chloride, ammonia water, etc., are used. At the same time, multiple washing and centrifugation steps are taken to remove unnecessary chemicals and impurities. The degradation process requires precise control of temperature, solution concentration and reaction time to ensure that the gene nucleic acid fragments in the soil are effectively released and no serious degradation occurs, and finally the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0061] Preferably, the chemical composition sequence of the soil gene nucleic acid corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region is sorted by fragment bases to obtain the base arrangement order of the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; In an embodiment of the present invention, after the degradation is completed, the soil gene nucleic acid mixture obtained is further processed. In this step, the nucleic acid is fragmented by using enzyme cutting technology, and a suitable restriction endonuclease is selected to cut the nucleic acid of each soil sample to obtain multiple nucleic acid fragments of different lengths. Subsequently, these nucleic acid fragments are separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gel electrophoresis technology and the fragment bases are sorted. These tools can effectively separate fragments of different sizes according to the molecular size differences of the fragments, and determine the base arrangement order of each fragment through base sequence analysis. During the analysis, an automated DNA sequencer can be used in combination with a fluorescently labeled probe to detect DNA, and finally the base arrangement order of the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0062] Preferably, a database of gene sequences known to be involved in nutrient cycling is obtained, and nucleic acid sequence comparison is performed on the base arrangement order of soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area based on the database of gene sequences known to be involved in nutrient cycling, so as to obtain soil gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing a known database of gene sequences involved in nutrient cycling, the base arrangement order of nucleic acid fragments in soil samples is compared by a comparison method. In a specific operation, the gene database known to be involved in nutrient cycling is first imported into a comparison system, wherein the database contains a plurality of gene information related to plant nutrient cycling and microbial activities. The base sequences of nucleic acid fragments in each soil sample are compared by an efficient BLAST comparison algorithm to find the sequence that best matches the known gene in the database. During the comparison process, a certain matching threshold and fault tolerance mechanism can be set to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the comparison, and finally the soil gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are obtained.

[0063] Preferably, the soil gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are subjected to fluorescent labeling quantitative detection to obtain the fluorescence signal intensity of the soil involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; In the embodiment of the present invention, after completing the gene sequence alignment, the step of quantitative detection of fluorescent markers of gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling is entered. First, specific primers are designed for known nutrient cycling gene fragments through primer design technology. These primers will bind to specific target gene sequences, so that the target gene fragments can be enriched in PCR amplification. In fluorescent marker detection, fluorescent probe technology is used in conjunction with a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument to reflect the abundance of the target gene fragment by detecting the intensity of the fluorescent signal. Each fluorescent probe will bind to a specific area on the target gene fragment. When the PCR amplification reaction is carried out, the fluorescent signal of the probe will be released. The signal intensity is monitored and recorded by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument, so as to quantitatively analyze the content of the target gene in each soil sample. The signal intensity is proportional to the gene abundance. By comparing the signal intensities of different soil samples, the nutrient cycle activity level in the soil of each sub-area can be evaluated, and finally the soil participating in the nutrient cycle fluorescence signal intensity corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained.

[0064] Preferably, based on the soil nutrient cycle fluorescence signal intensity corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the nutrient gene abundance inversion is performed on the corresponding soil gene fragments known to be involved in the nutrient cycle to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present invention, the abundance of nutrient cycling genes in each soil sample is inverted and calculated by a quantitative method based on the fluorescence signal intensity data previously obtained. To achieve this goal, it is first necessary to construct a standard curve based on the relationship between the fluorescence signal intensity of different genes and known standards, and obtain the fluorescence signal intensity by using standard samples of known abundance using the same fluorescence labeling detection method, thereby inferring the quantitative relationship between signal intensity and abundance. On this basis, the abundance of each nutrient cycling gene in the soil sample is calculated by comparing the fluorescence signal intensity of each soil sample and fitting it with the standard curve. The result of the abundance inversion can accurately reflect the activity of nutrient cycling-related genes in different soil monitoring sub-areas, and finally obtain the abundance of soil genes involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

[0066] Furthermore, the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is specifically as follows: ; In the formula, For the The soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, is the total number of soil monitoring sub-areas, is the spatial extent of the soil monitoring sub-area, is the spatial position variable parameter, For the The soil microbial structure diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The number of beneficial soil bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The number of soil pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the Soil monitoring sub-areas are located in The abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling at For the The gene abundance attenuation factor corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, It is the correction coefficient for the health of soil ecological quality.

[0067] The present invention obtains a soil ecological quality evaluation calculation formula by using a specific mathematical model and verifying it, which is used to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-area. The process described by the soil ecological quality evaluation calculation formula is a comprehensive model, which evaluates the health of the soil ecosystem through multiple key variables, especially in terms of the relationship with soil microorganisms, diversity, gene abundance and harmful bacteria / beneficial bacteria ratio. The diversity of soil microorganisms is a key factor in soil ecological quality. By measuring different microbial species and their relative abundance, the biodiversity of the soil can be judged. High diversity usually means that the soil ecosystem is more stable and can better cope with external environmental changes, such as climate change or the use of pesticides; beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposing bacteria are crucial to soil nutrient cycling, while pathogenic bacteria have a negative impact on crop and plant growth. The corresponding ratio value can reflect the health of the soil ecosystem. A higher ratio of beneficial bacteria indicates that the soil is more likely to support crop growth and other beneficial ecological processes; the gene abundance involved in nutrient cycling examines the abundance of genes related to nutrient cycling in the soil, which is usually closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition supply. The higher abundance of nutrient cycling genes indicates that the soil performs well in recycling organic and inorganic nutrients. By measuring soil characteristics at different locations, we can more accurately understand the spatial changes in soil ecological quality. This spatial variability takes into account the influence of factors such as climate, plant cover, and land use on different plots. The spatial attenuation factor is used to describe the attenuation trend of gene abundance or other ecological characteristics with increasing distance. Usually, with increasing distance, gene abundance, microbial activity, etc. will weaken. Therefore, the introduction of this attenuation factor can better reflect the dynamics of soil characteristics with spatial position. This formula integrates multiple factors such as microbial diversity, nutrient gene abundance, and the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria to quantitatively assess the health of the soil. By calculating the health of each monitoring area, refined soil health management can be achieved. In addition, by introducing a correction coefficient to adjust the output of the calculation formula, taking into account the impact of other potential influencing factors (such as human activities, seasonal changes, etc.) on soil quality, it makes the calculation results more in line with the actual situation and more accurate. In summary, this formula fully takes into account the first The soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area , the total number of soil monitoring sub-areas , the spatial extent of the soil monitoring sub-area , spatial position variable parameters , No. Soil microbial structure diversity metrics corresponding to soil monitoring sub-areas , No. The number of beneficial soil bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area , No. The number of soil pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area , No. The ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in soil in each soil monitoring sub-area , No. Soil monitoring sub-areas are located in Abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling at , No. Gene abundance attenuation factor corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area , correction coefficient of soil ecological quality health , according to The soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area The correlation between the above parameters constitutes a functional relationship This formula can realize the soil ecological quality monitoring process of the corresponding soil monitoring point location area. At the same time, through the correction coefficient of soil ecological quality health The introduction of can be adjusted according to the errors occurring in the calculation process, thereby improving the accuracy and applicability of the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula.

[0068] Furthermore, the soil quality early warning and prevention module includes the following functions: The soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is compared and judged according to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold. If the soil ecological quality health level is less than the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-area is judged as an abnormal soil quality area; if the soil ecological quality health level is greater than or equal to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-area is judged as a normal soil quality area; In an embodiment of the present invention, a preset soil ecological quality risk threshold is set. This threshold is derived from scientific research and historical data analysis and is a standard for distinguishing between healthy and abnormal soil quality. Specifically, when the ecological health level of a soil monitoring sub-area is lower than the threshold, it indicates that there is an obvious abnormality in the soil quality of the area and it needs to be determined as an "abnormal soil quality area"; if the ecological health level of the sub-area is higher than or equal to the risk threshold, it indicates that the soil quality of the area is good and belongs to a "normal soil quality area". These determination results can be calculated in real time by data processing software for monitoring data to generate a corresponding soil quality status report, thereby generating soil quality assessment results for each sub-area.

[0069] Preferably, a quality abnormality trigger warning is performed on the soil monitoring sub-area corresponding to the area determined as having abnormal soil quality in the wild plant protection area, so as to generate a quality abnormality warning signal for the protection sub-area; In an embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to classify all soil monitoring sub-areas within a wild plant protection area, and determine which areas belong to "abnormal soil quality areas". These abnormal areas usually have lower soil health scores and are affected by pollution, over-cultivation or other human factors, resulting in less microbial diversity, low proportion of fungi and low abundance of participating nutrients. By using a high-precision soil quality monitoring system or drone inspection technology, these abnormal areas are further analyzed and confirmed. Based on these confirmed abnormal areas, quality abnormality warnings are automatically triggered. Real-time monitoring and warnings can be achieved through sensor networks or Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The warning process will generate a warning signal for abnormal quality in the protection sub-area, and transmit the alarm information to the monitoring platform or alarm system of the regional manager through wireless communication technology (such as Zigbee or LoRa). In this way, the manager can obtain feedback on abnormal soil quality in real time, take necessary measures in a timely manner, and finally respond to generate a warning signal for abnormal quality in the protection sub-area.

[0070] Preferably, based on the abnormal quality warning signal of the protected sub-area, a quality warning response analysis is conducted on the corresponding soil monitoring sub-area in the wild plant protection area, and soil quality warning and prevention measures for the protection area are generated, including local soil improvement in the protection area, prevention and control of pest and disease communities, and adjustment of the scope of human activity interference, so as to perform corresponding soil prevention and control work in the wild plant protection area.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present invention, based on the generated quality abnormality warning signal, the management personnel need to conduct a detailed warning response analysis on the affected soil monitoring sub-area. First, the abnormal soil quality area in the wild plant protection area is spatially located using geographic information system (GIS) software, and a comprehensive assessment is conducted based on the ecological characteristics, soil type, species distribution and other information of the area. According to the analysis results, a series of targeted prevention and control measures are formulated. The specific measures include soil improvement, which can use organic fertilizers and additives (such as lime, mineral soil, etc.) to improve the nutrient content and pH value of the soil; for the emergence of pests and diseases, biological control measures can be deployed, such as releasing beneficial natural enemies, or using low-toxic and high-efficiency green pesticides for prevention and control; for the interference of human activities, the tourist routes and the scope of farming activities in the protection area are adjusted to reduce the further damage to the soil quality caused by human activities. All these prevention and control measures need to be dynamically tracked by the soil quality monitoring system to ensure the implementation effect of the measures and adjust the strategies when necessary. These prevention and control work should be combined with the overall plan for wild plant protection to ensure the restoration of ecological balance and the protection of the plant growth environment, and finally perform the corresponding soil prevention and control work in the wild plant protection area.

[0072] Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from all points, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all changes falling within the meaning and range of equivalent elements of the application documents are included in the present invention.

[0073] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features invented herein.

Claims

1. A soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: The monitoring point planning module of the protected area is used to obtain the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant protected area based on the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protected area to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas; The microbial structure and proportion evaluation module is used to perform soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; the soil microbial structure and fungus proportion evaluation is performed on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measurement and the proportion of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil ecological quality monitoring module is used to analyze the nutrient gene abundance of soil samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the soil nutrient cycle gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-area is monitored to obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil quality early warning and prevention module is used to conduct quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant protection areas based on the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protection areas, and implement soil prevention and control work in the corresponding wild plant protection areas.

2. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection zone monitoring point planning module includes the following functions: Obtain the distribution of plant species corresponding to the wild plant protection area; Obtain the topography and landforms corresponding to the wild plant protection area; Obtain the distribution of water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area; According to the distribution of plant species, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area, the ecological and geographical information of the protection area is integrated to construct and generate the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area; Based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the monitoring area points of the wild plant protection area are planned to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas.

3. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ecological geographic information fusion of the wild plant protection area according to the plant species distribution, topography and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant protection area includes: Obtain the corresponding species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution through the distribution of plant species in the wild plant protection area; The terrain slope and slope aspect analysis of the terrain and landforms corresponding to the wild plant protection area was carried out through the digital elevation model, and the terrain elevation slope and slope aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant protection area were obtained; Based on the terrain elevation slope and slope aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant protection area, the corresponding water source condition distribution, species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution of the protection area are fused to construct an ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area.

4. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The planning of monitoring area points for wild plant protection areas based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protection area includes: The distribution range of rare and endangered plant habitats in the protected area is obtained through the distribution of plant species in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area; Based on the topography and landforms in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the ecological impact and interference analysis of the corresponding soil and water loss in the wild plant protection area was carried out to obtain the ecological impact and interference of the topography and soil in the protected area; Based on the distribution of water source conditions in the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, the ecological stability evaluation and analysis of the growth of the corresponding wild plants in the wild plant protection area was carried out to obtain the ecological stability distribution of the water source growth in the protected area; Based on the impact of terrain, soil and water ecology on the protected area and the distribution of ecological stability of water source growth in the protected area, the monitoring area point planning is carried out for the distribution range of rare and endangered plant habitats in the protected area corresponding to the wild plant protection area to generate various soil monitoring point sub-areas.

5. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial structure and proportion assessment module includes the following functions: By performing soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point location sub-area according to a predetermined sampling period, a soil sampling sample corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is obtained; Microbial community structure imaging is performed on soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to generate a microscopic cell structure map of soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The corresponding soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details are obtained through the soil microbial microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and the soil microbial microbial cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is analyzed based on the soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details to obtain the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the composition and structural characteristics of the soil microbial community corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area are evaluated for microbial structural diversity to obtain the soil microbial structural diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil fungus ratio of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area was evaluated to obtain the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil of each soil monitoring sub-area.

6. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil fungus proportion assessment of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area includes: The corresponding soil microorganisms are obtained through soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, and metabolomics transformation analysis is performed on the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the metabolite transformation relationship of soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil microorganisms were tracked and analyzed using isotope tracing technology to obtain the transformation path of soil fungi metabolic pathways corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the soil fungi metabolic pathway transformation pathway corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil microbial fungi are analyzed for their fungi ecological functional characteristics, so as to obtain the soil ecological functional characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-area, the corresponding soil sampling samples are separated from beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, so as to separate the beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the soil samples, and the separated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are counted by flow cytometry to obtain the number of soil beneficial bacteria and soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; The soil fungus ratio was evaluated and calculated based on the number of beneficial soil bacteria and the number of soil pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the ratio of beneficial soil bacteria to pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

7. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil ecological quality monitoring module includes the following functions: Diluting the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area with a sample solution to generate a soil sample solution corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Extracting soil nucleic acid from soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Obtaining nanoparticles corresponding to specific nucleic acid affinity groups, and performing in situ nucleic acid capture of soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area based on the nanoparticles corresponding to the specific nucleic acid affinity groups, so as to obtain the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Nutrient gene abundance analysis was performed on the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area to obtain the abundance of soil genes involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is used to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-areas to obtain the soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

8. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nutrient gene abundance analysis of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area includes: The chemical composition of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is gradually degraded to obtain the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequence corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Sorting the base sequence of the chemical composition of the soil gene nucleic acid corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the base arrangement order of the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Obtain a database of gene sequences known to be involved in nutrient cycling, and perform nucleic acid sequence comparison on the base arrangement order of soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area based on the database of gene sequences known to be involved in nutrient cycling, to obtain the soil gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Conducting quantitative detection of the gene fragments of soil known to be involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area by fluorescent labeling, and obtaining the fluorescence signal intensity of soil involved in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area; Based on the fluorescence signal intensity of soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, the nutrient gene abundance inversion of the corresponding soil gene fragments known to participate in nutrient cycling was performed to obtain the soil nutrient cycling gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area.

9. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is specifically as follows: ； In the formula, For the The soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, is the total number of soil monitoring sub-areas, is the spatial extent of the soil monitoring sub-area, is the spatial position variable parameter, For the The soil microbial structure diversity metric corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The number of beneficial soil bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The number of soil pathogens corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the The ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, For the Soil monitoring sub-areas are located in The abundance of genes involved in soil nutrient cycling at For the The gene abundance attenuation factor corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area, It is the correction coefficient for the health of soil ecological quality.

10. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil quality early warning and prevention module includes the following functions: The soil ecological quality health level corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-area is compared and judged according to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold. If the soil ecological quality health level is less than the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-area is judged as an abnormal soil quality area; if the soil ecological quality health level is greater than or equal to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-area is judged as a normal soil quality area; Trigger warning of abnormal soil quality in soil monitoring sub-areas in wild plant protection areas, so as to generate abnormal soil quality warning signals for protected sub-areas; Based on the abnormal quality warning signals of the protected sub-areas, a quality warning response analysis is conducted on the corresponding soil monitoring sub-areas in the wild plant protection area, and soil quality warning and prevention measures for the protection area are generated, including local soil improvement in the protection area, prevention and control of pests and diseases, and adjustment of the scope of human activity interference, so as to implement the corresponding soil prevention and control work in the wild plant protection area.

Images