Model demonstration box for simulating full storage runoff production principle

Abstract

The invention discloses a model demonstration box for simulating a full-storage runoff production principle, and the box comprises a box body, a first side surface of the box body, which is opposite to the first side surface in the height direction, is designed to be open, and a second side surface of the box body is designed to be semi-open; the transverse screen plate is mounted at the opening of the second side surface of the box body; the plurality of vertical screen plates are mounted on the transverse screen plate, the vertical screen plates and the transverse screen plate are vertically arranged, and the box body is divided into a plurality of areas through the plurality of vertical screen plates; the area comprises a first area and at least one second area, and the second area is used as a simulated soil layer; the spray head is mounted at the opening of the first side surface of the box body; the underground runoff pipeline is installed on the side, close to the transverse net plate, of the box body. The surface runoff pipeline is mounted above the extending end part of the underground runoff pipeline, and a pipeline valve is arranged at an intersection of an inlet of the surface runoff pipeline and the box body on the first area side; and the inlet of the water collecting tank is communicated with the outlets of the underground runoff pipeline and the surface runoff pipeline. According to the invention, the full storage runoff production process can be simulated in a visual, simple, accurate and vivid manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation, and belongs to the technical field of hydrological simulation. Background Art

[0002] Flow generation due to full storage is one of the important flow generation mechanisms in hydrology, and is of key significance for understanding the hydrological process of the basin and water resources management. At present, in relevant teaching, scientific research and popular science scenarios, there is a lack of an intuitive and effective tool to accurately simulate the flow generation mechanism due to full storage, making it difficult for learners to deeply understand its principles and dynamic changes.

[0003] Without a teaching model, the concept of full storage and runoff is very abstract for students. Full storage and runoff involves multiple complex hydrological processes such as precipitation, soil water storage, infiltration, and runoff. It is difficult for students to construct a specific scenario of how these processes interact in their minds based only on book knowledge and teachers' oral explanations. For example, when explaining the key link that runoff is generated only when soil water storage reaches a saturated state, without a model, it may be difficult to understand how the soil stores water and to what extent runoff is generated, which makes it difficult for teachers to effectively convey this abstract concept during the teaching process. The lack of an intuitive teaching model will greatly limit practical teaching activities. In the teaching of related majors such as water conservancy and hydrology, practical teaching is a very important link. Without a model, students cannot personally operate and observe the full storage and runoff process, and it is difficult to grasp the specific effects of factors such as precipitation intensity, soil texture, and terrain slope on full storage and runoff. For example, if a teacher wants students to explore the changing laws of full storage and runoff under different precipitation intensities, without a teaching model, it is impossible to conduct actual simulation experiments. Students can only rely on theoretical formulas for calculations, but cannot truly experience and verify these laws from practice. The teaching effect will be greatly reduced due to the difficulty of students' understanding and the lack of practical teaching. Under the traditional teaching method, students' knowledge of full storage and runoff generation often remains superficial, and it is difficult to deeply understand its essence. In exams or actual application scenarios, students may just memorize some concepts and formulas, but cannot flexibly apply knowledge to solve practical problems. For example, when it comes to actual application scenarios such as basin runoff calculation and flood forecasting, students may not be able to correctly analyze and calculate relevant parameters because they do not have an in-depth understanding of the full storage and runoff generation process through models, resulting in errors in solving practical problems.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation, which can simulate the full storage and flow generation process in an intuitive, simple, accurate and vivid way, is convenient for use in teaching, scientific research and popular science activities, and helps users better understand the principle of full storage and flow generation and related influencing factors.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation, comprising:

[0008] A box body 1, wherein the first side surface of the box body 1 which is oppositely arranged along the height direction adopts an open design, and the second side surface adopts a semi-open design;

[0009] A transverse mesh plate 4, wherein the transverse mesh plate 4 is installed at the opening of the box body 1 located on the second side surface, and the transverse mesh plate 4 is parallel to the second side surface;

[0010] A plurality of vertical mesh panels 3, wherein the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3 are mounted on the horizontal mesh panels 4 and the two are arranged vertically, and the space of the box body 1 close to the second side surface is divided into a plurality of regions by the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3; the regions include a first region and at least one second region, the non-opening region of the second side surface is taken as the first region, the region on the horizontal mesh panels 4 is taken as the second region, and the second region is taken as the simulated soil layer 2;

[0011] A simulated precipitation device, the simulated precipitation device comprising a nozzle 10, the nozzle 10 is installed at the opening of the box body 1 located on the first side, and the number of the nozzles 10 is equal to the number of the multiple areas divided by the box body 1;

[0012] An underground runoff pipe 5, wherein the underground runoff pipe 5 is installed on a side of the box body 1 close to the transverse mesh plate 4 and the underground runoff pipe 5 is arranged in communication with the second area; at least a portion of the underground runoff pipe 5 extends from a side of the box body 1 close to the first area;

[0013] A surface runoff pipeline 6, wherein the surface runoff pipeline 6 is installed above the extended end of the underground runoff pipeline 5 and a pipeline valve 13 is provided at the intersection of the inlet of the surface runoff pipeline 6 and the box body on the first area side;

[0014] A water collecting box 12 , the inlet of which is communicated with the outlets of the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6 .

[0015] Furthermore, the box body 1 is made of a transparent material, and the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6 are both transparent pipes.

[0016] Furthermore, the number of the second areas is one or more; if the number of the second areas is multiple, the height of the simulated soil laid in the multiple second areas increases sequentially from the first area to a direction away from the first area.

[0017] Furthermore, the model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation also includes a measurement and monitoring system, which includes:

[0018] A humidity sensor 9, wherein a plurality of humidity sensors 9 are inserted in each second area;

[0019] A flow sensor, wherein the flow sensor comprises a surface runoff flow sensor 7 and an underground runoff flow sensor 8, wherein the surface runoff flow sensor 7 is installed in a surface runoff pipe 6, and the underground runoff flow sensor 8 is installed in an underground runoff pipe 5;

[0020] A wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the capacitive humidity sensor and the flow sensor to an external data processing terminal 15 .

[0021] Furthermore, the simulated precipitation device also includes a flow control component 14 , which is connected to each of the nozzles 10 via a water pipeline 11 , and a nozzle valve 16 is provided on the water pipeline 11 near each of the nozzles 10 .

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] First, it is intuitive

[0024] Through the transparent box and the clearly visible simulated soil layer, simulated precipitation device, drainage system and other structures inside, users can intuitively observe the entire process of storage and runoff generation, including the infiltration of precipitation into the soil layer, runoff generation after the soil is full, the order of runoff generation in the basin, and the discharge of runoff, which makes it easier to quickly understand its principles.

[0025] Second, high simulation accuracy

[0026] Since it can precisely control precipitation parameters, adjust the soil properties of the simulated soil layer, and monitor a variety of related parameters in real time and perform dynamic control, this model demonstration box can accurately simulate the full flow conditions under the influence of various factors such as water storage capacity of different soil types, precipitation intensity, infiltration capacity, etc. The simulation has high accuracy and can provide reliable data support for teaching, scientific research, etc.

[0027] Third, good flexibility

[0028] According to different teaching, scientific research or popular science needs, the soil type of the simulated soil layer, the precipitation parameters of the precipitation device, the drainage speed of the drainage system, etc. can be easily adjusted to adapt to the simulation requirements in various scenarios with good flexibility.

[0029] Fourth, it is convenient for data collection and analysis

[0030] The built-in sensors can collect a large amount of key data related to storage and flow production in real time, and the data can be easily transmitted to an external terminal for processing through a wireless transmission module, which is convenient for users to deeply analyze the laws of storage and flow production process and contribute to the development of related research and teaching activities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the model demonstration box for simulating full storage and flow generation according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the mesh board;

[0033] Figure 3 Schematic diagram for humidity sensor installation;

[0034] The numbers in the figure are: 1-box body, 2-simulated soil layer, 3-vertical mesh plate, 4-horizontal mesh plate, 5-underground runoff pipe, 6-surface runoff pipe, 7-surface runoff flow sensor, 8-underground runoff flow sensor, 9-humidity sensor, 10-sprinkler, 11-water pipeline, 12-water collecting tank, 13-pipeline valve, 14-sprinkler valve, 15-data processing terminal, 16-sprinkler valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

[0036] Example 1: Figure 1-3 As shown, a model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation includes:

[0037] A box body 1, wherein the first side of the box body 1 which is oppositely arranged along the height direction adopts an open design, and the second side adopts a semi-open design;

[0038] A transverse mesh plate 4, wherein the transverse mesh plate 4 is installed at the opening of the box body 1 located on the second side surface, and the transverse mesh plate 4 is parallel to the second side surface;

[0039] A plurality of vertical mesh panels 3, wherein the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3 are mounted on the horizontal mesh panels 4 and the two are arranged vertically, and the space of the box body 1 close to the second side surface is divided into a plurality of regions by the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3; the regions include a first region and at least one second region, the non-opening region of the second side surface is taken as the first region, the region on the horizontal mesh panels 4 is taken as the second region, and the second region is taken as the simulated soil layer 2;

[0040] A simulated precipitation device, the simulated precipitation device comprising a nozzle 10, the nozzle 10 is installed at the opening of the box body 1 located on the first side, and the number of the nozzles 10 is equal to the number of the multiple areas divided by the box body 1;

[0041] An underground runoff pipe 5, wherein the underground runoff pipe 5 is installed on a side of the box body 1 close to the transverse mesh plate 4 and the underground runoff pipe 5 is arranged in communication with the second area; at least a portion of the underground runoff pipe 5 extends from a side of the box body 1 close to the first area;

[0042] A surface runoff pipe 6 is installed above the extended end of the underground runoff pipe 5 and a pipe valve 13 is arranged at the intersection of the inlet of the surface runoff pipe 6 and the box body on the first area side; by installing the pipe valve 13 at the intersection of the surface runoff pipe 6 and the box body, the adjustable drainage valve can control the drainage speed to simulate the full flow production under different infiltration capacities and drainage conditions; the underground runoff pipe is not installed with a valve, and the underground runoff pipe is connected to the bottom of the simulated soil layer and separated by a horizontal mesh plate 4, which is used to discharge the underground runoff (i.e., water seeped from the sponge) generated during the full flow production process;

[0043] The water collecting box 12 has an inlet which is communicated with the outlets of the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6, that is, the water collecting box 12 is installed at the ends of the two pipes.

[0044] For example, the height direction is the simulated rainfall direction; Figure 1 The side of the middle water collecting tank is described from the left side, the top of the box body is open and the bottom is semi-open, the transverse mesh plate 4 is installed at the bottom opening, the nozzle 10 is installed at the top opening, the underground runoff pipe 5 is installed at the bottom of the transverse mesh plate 4, and the underground runoff pipe 5 extends from the side of the box body 1 close to the first area (that is, extends outward from the left side of the box body), the surface runoff pipe 6 is installed above the extended end of the underground runoff pipe 5, and the water collecting tank 12 is installed on the outlet side of the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6. The mesh plate can be a steel plate.

[0045] Furthermore, the box body 1 is made of transparent plastic, and the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6 are both rectangular transparent pipes. Through the above design, the user can intuitively observe the entire process of filling and flow generation, including the infiltration of precipitation into the sponge layer, the flow generation after the sponge layer is filled, and the discharge of runoff, so as to quickly understand its principle.

[0046] Furthermore, the second area is paved with sponge as the simulated soil layer 2; the sponge can be replaced by a polymer material with water-holding capacity, or can also be a sand bag.

[0047] Furthermore, the number of the second areas is one or more; if the number of the second areas is multiple, the height of the simulated soil laid in the multiple second areas increases sequentially from the first area to a direction away from the first area.

[0048] For example, reference Figure 1 , a sponge is arranged inside the box body to simulate the soil layer, and it is divided into 6 different areas according to different water storage capacity of the air-filling zone (the simulated soil layer thickness represents the water storage depth of the air-filling zone). Specifically, the bottom space of the box body 1 is divided into six areas by five vertical mesh plates 3. The area on the far left is the first area, and the five second areas are not paved with sponges. The five second areas are paved with sponges of different heights in the simulated height order. Sponges of different heights are used to simulate soil layers, so as to simulate the water permeability and water holding capacity of actual soil. Based on the above design, the first area can be used to simulate artificial roads, houses, etc. that have no water storage capacity, and directly generate runoff after rainfall.

[0049] Furthermore, the model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation also includes a measurement and monitoring system, which includes:

[0050] Capacitive humidity sensors 9, a plurality of said humidity sensors 9 are inserted at half the height of the sponge in each second area, for real-time monitoring of humidity changes;

[0051] A flow sensor, the flow sensor includes a surface runoff flow sensor 7 and an underground runoff flow sensor 8, the surface runoff flow sensor 7 is installed in a surface runoff pipe 6, and the underground runoff flow sensor 8 is installed in an underground runoff pipe 5, for accurately measuring the discharged runoff flow;

[0052] A wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the capacitive humidity sensor and the flow sensor to an external data processing terminal 15 .

[0053] For example, reference Figure 1 , Figure 3, 5 sockets are opened on the side of the box body 1, and a capacitive humidity sensor 9 is inserted into each sponge to monitor soil moisture, so as to accurately judge whether the simulated soil is full and the degree of fullness, etc.; the surface runoff flow sensor 7 and the underground runoff flow sensor 8 are installed at 30 cm at the end of the two pipes, which are used to accurately measure the discharged runoff flow, and further combined with other parameters to analyze the flow production law in the full flow production process; the external data processing terminal 15 (such as a computer, a tablet computer, etc.) is used to receive the data recorded by each sensor. The data processing terminal is installed with supporting software, which can perform real-time display, analysis, storage and other operations on the collected data, so that users can deeply study the full flow production process.

[0054] Furthermore, the simulated precipitation device also includes a flow control component 14 , which is connected to each of the nozzles 10 via a water pipeline 11 , and a nozzle valve 16 is provided on the water pipeline 11 near each of the nozzles 10 .

[0055] For example, reference Figure 1 A square nozzle 10 of corresponding size is installed on the top of each area to simulate precipitation; the water pipes 11 of each nozzle are connected in parallel. The flow control component 14 mentioned above can be used to simulate the precipitation parameters of the precipitation device according to the preset simulation scheme, including precipitation intensity, precipitation duration, etc. By arranging a simulated precipitation device above the simulated soil layer, the device can accurately control precipitation parameters such as precipitation intensity and precipitation duration, and can simulate different rainfall scenarios.

[0056] By applying the above technical solution, it can be seen that the present invention can automatically adjust the precipitation parameters (such as precipitation intensity, precipitation duration, etc.) of the simulated precipitation device according to a preset simulation scheme by configuring a measurement and monitoring system, and automatically adjust the drainage speed of the drainage system according to the data feedback from the soil moisture sensor, thereby realizing dynamic and precise control of the storage and flow generation process, and ensuring that the simulation process meets the expected various scenario settings.

[0057] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0058] 1. Preparation stage:

[0059] Check whether all parts of the model are intact and ensure that the nozzles, sensors, pipes, etc. are connected properly. Adjust the sponge to the initial state of complete air drying and place it in the box from low to high to simulate the unevenness of soil water storage capacity in each area. Record the initial reading of the soil moisture sensor at this time, which is 0. Open the surface runoff pipe valve 13.

[0060] 2. Precipitation simulation:

[0061] According to the precipitation required for teaching (the precipitation intensity cannot be too large, and the standard is that it cannot be greater than the infiltration rate of the sponge layer, otherwise it will directly generate runoff, and the principle of full storage and flow generation will not be simulated), adjust the flow of each nozzle of the precipitation simulation device to simulate the uneven precipitation between regions. During the precipitation process, observe the precipitation distribution in each area, and at the same time observe the wetness of the sponge surface and the changes in the readings of the soil moisture sensor. Because they are separated by mesh plates, horizontal water flow will occur between each sponge, and this phenomenon is allowed to occur because water flow in nature will also produce horizontal movement. As the precipitation continues, each simulated soil layer begins to store water, and when the soil moisture reaches saturation, underground runoff and surface runoff begin to occur.

[0062] 3. Flow observation and recording:

[0063] Since the height of the sponge represents the water storage capacity of the soil, when the precipitation intensity in each area is the same, the lowest sponge always reaches saturation first, and the remaining areas begin to produce runoff in turn. The surface runoff of each sponge layer flows down layer by layer, flows through the area where the sponge is not placed, flows through the flow sensor along the pipeline, and finally flows into the water collection tank 12. When passing through the flow sensor, the runoff volume and the change of the runoff volume in the water collection tank are recorded. Multiple experiments can be carried out under different precipitation intensities and durations, for example, the precipitation intensity is set to 20 ml / min, 50 ml / min, 80 ml / min, and the precipitation duration is set to 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, etc., and the corresponding runoff data are recorded respectively.

[0064] 4. Data analysis and teaching explanation:

[0065] According to the recorded data of precipitation, soil moisture changes, runoff, etc., guide students to analyze the principles and laws of full storage and runoff. It mainly includes the following points: ① In the process of simulating rainfall, this device adjusts the flow of each nozzle to simulate the unevenness of precipitation in each region. Students can observe the changes in soil moisture through the humidity sensor. ② This device simulates the unevenness of soil water storage capacity between regions by adjusting the height of the sponge block. When the water content of the air-filling zone does not reach the field water holding capacity, the soil will not produce underground runoff and surface runoff. ③ Due to the unevenness of soil water storage capacity between regions, their runoff production always has a sequence. By observing the number of sponge blocks that have produced runoff in the box, the runoff area and runoff area ratio are calculated.

[0066] 5. Model maintenance and care

[0067] After each experiment, clean the accumulated water and impurities inside the model to prevent pipe blockage and component corrosion. Check whether the nozzle is blocked and clean or replace it if necessary. Check the condition of the sponge regularly. If the porosity changes significantly, it needs to be repaired or replaced to ensure the accuracy of its simulated soil water storage performance. Calibrate and maintain electronic components such as humidity sensors and display instruments to ensure the accuracy of their measurement data.

[0068] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementation modes, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation, characterized in that: include: A box body (1), wherein the first side surface of the box body (1) which is arranged opposite to each other in the height direction adopts an open design, and the second side surface adopts a semi-open design; A transverse mesh plate (4), the transverse mesh plate (4) being installed at an opening of the box body (1) located on the second side surface, and the transverse mesh plate (4) is parallel to the second side surface; A plurality of vertical mesh panels (3), wherein the plurality of vertical mesh panels (3) are mounted on the horizontal mesh panels (4) and the two are arranged vertically, and the space of the box body (1) close to the second side surface is divided into a plurality of areas by the plurality of vertical mesh panels (3); the areas include a first area and at least one second area, the area at the non-opening portion of the second side surface is taken as the first area, the area on the horizontal mesh panels (4) is taken as the second area, and the second area is taken as the simulated soil layer (2); A simulated precipitation device, the simulated precipitation device comprising a nozzle (10), the nozzle (10) being installed at an opening of the box body (1) located on the first side, the number of the nozzles (10) being equal to the number of the plurality of areas into which the box body (1) is divided; An underground runoff pipe (5), the underground runoff pipe (5) being installed on a side of the box body (1) close to the transverse mesh plate (4) and the underground runoff pipe (5) being arranged in communication with the second area; A surface runoff pipeline (6), wherein the surface runoff pipeline (6) is installed above the extended end of the underground runoff pipeline (5) and a pipeline valve (13) is provided at the intersection of the inlet of the surface runoff pipeline (6) and the box body on the first area side; A water collecting box (12), wherein the inlet of the water collecting box (12) is arranged in communication with the outlets of the underground runoff pipeline (5) and the surface runoff pipeline (6).

2. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body (1) is made of a transparent material, and the underground runoff pipe (5) and the surface runoff pipe (6) are both transparent pipes.

3. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the second areas is one or more; if the number of the second areas is more than one, the height of the simulated soil laid in the multiple second areas increases sequentially from the first area to the direction away from the first area.

4. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation also includes a measurement and monitoring system, which includes: A humidity sensor (9), wherein a plurality of the humidity sensors (9) are inserted in each second area; A flow sensor, the flow sensor comprising a surface runoff flow sensor (7) and an underground runoff flow sensor (8), the surface runoff flow sensor (7) being installed in a surface runoff pipeline (6), and the underground runoff flow sensor (8) being installed in an underground runoff pipeline (5); A wireless transmission module, wherein the wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the capacitive humidity sensor and the flow sensor to an external data processing terminal (15).

5. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated precipitation device also includes a flow control component (14), wherein the flow control component (14) is connected to each of the nozzles (10) via a water supply pipeline (11), and a nozzle valve (16) is provided on the water supply pipeline (11) near each of the nozzles (10).

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