Catalytic Material Containing Porous Ordered PtCu Octahedrons, Its Preparation and Application in Fuel Cells

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedrons, its preparation, and its application in fuel cells. Among them, the preparation method is as follows: subject a mixed solution composed of a copper chloride raw material with crystal water, platinum acetylacetonate, and DMF to solvothermal treatment, and then perform solid-liquid separation to obtain the catalytic material; the molar ratio of Cu / Pt in the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate is 1-3:1-3; in the mixed solution, the concentration of Cu element is 3-5 mM; the temperature of the solvothermal treatment is 150°C-250°C. The present invention synthesizes ordered porous PtCu octahedrons for the first time in the industry, and unexpectedly, they can have excellent mass specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of battery materials, and particularly relates to the technical field of fuel cell catalysts. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, as a green, clean, and energy conversion device that can directly utilize hydrogen energy, have attracted much attention from researchers. At present, the industrialization of some hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has been achieved. Currently, commercial fuel cell catalysts are usually Pt / C, but the scarcity and high cost of platinum resources directly restrict the popularization of fuel cell technology and hinder its global commercialization process.

[0003] As a non-noble metal, Cu is widely available, easy to obtain, and has a low price. After forming an alloy with Pt, it can adjust the crystal structure and electronic structure of Pt through lattice strain and ligand effects to improve the performance of Pt catalysts. In addition, replacing some Pt atoms with Cu can reduce the cost of the catalyst.

[0004] Some reports on PtCu octahedron catalysts have also been disclosed in the prior art. For example, the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN114883588A discloses an ultra-high stability oxygen reduction catalyst for room temperature hydrogen fuel cells, which uses copper-rich octahedral PtCu as seeds and epitaxially grows PtCu clusters on the octahedral PtCu / Pt core-shell structure, and the size of the PtCu clusters is 0.8 - 2.1 nm. Another example is the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN111048793A, which discloses a preparation method of a platinum-based octahedron catalyst. The steps include: mixing an acetylacetone transition metal salt with a carbon carrier, and then reducing it in a reducing atmosphere to obtain a Pt transition metal octahedron material.

[0005] In summary, although there are some PtCu octahedron catalytic material schemes in the prior art, the materials obtained by the existing schemes are disordered materials with low surface activity. The mass specific activity (A / mg Pt ) of such materials is not high. In addition, the dissolution and precipitation of Cu elements are likely to occur under strong acid, and the long-term cycle stability under acidic conditions is not ideal. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the problems that the existing PtCu octahedron preparation method can only obtain disordered and poreless materials, and the mass specific activity and long-term cycle stability of such materials under acidic conditions are not ideal, the first object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a catalytic material containing porous and ordered PtCu octahedrons (the present invention is also simply referred to as the catalytic material), aiming to prepare a PtCu octahedron catalytic material with special order, pores, high mass specific activity, and long-term stability.

[0007] A second object of the present invention is to provide a catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedrons prepared by the described preparation method and its application in fuel cells.

[0008] A third object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell comprising the catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedrons.

[0009] Preparation method of a catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedrons: subject a mixed solution composed of a copper chloride raw material with crystal water, platinum acetylacetonate, and DMF to solvothermal treatment, and then perform solid-liquid separation to obtain the catalytic material;

[0010] The molar ratio of Cu / Pt in the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate is 1 - 3:1 - 3;

[0011] In the mixed solution, the concentration of Cu element is 3 - 5 mM;

[0012] The temperature of the solvothermal treatment is 150°C - 250°C.

[0013] Existing preparation methods of PtCu octahedrons basically need to rely on surfactants and reducing agents to achieve the morphology and alloying preparation of PtCu octahedrons. However, unexpectedly, research in the present invention shows that innovatively subjecting a mixed solution composed of a copper chloride raw material with crystal water, platinum acetylacetonate, and DMF without surfactants and reducing agents to solvothermal treatment can be based on the combination of chloride ions, highly active crystalline water, platinum acetylacetonate, and the DMF system in the raw materials. In this way, synergy can be achieved, and without the need for essential surfactants and reducing agents, it is unexpectedly possible to prepare brand-new ordered porous PtCu octahedrons. Moreover, the materials with the special physical and chemical characteristics prepared by the preparation method can provide a large number of pore defects and step atoms, promote the adsorption and transmission of oxygen molecules, reduce the coordination number of the PtCu alloy, thereby accelerating the kinetic process of fuel cells and greatly improving the catalytic activity; for example, it can effectively improve its mass-specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions. That is to say, the preparation method of the present invention, on the premise of excluding and simplifying the preparation process, can unexpectedly synthesize PtCu octahedrons with an ordered porous structure for the first time in the industry. Moreover, the PtCu octahedrons with the special ordered porous characteristics prepared by this preparation method can unexpectedly have high mass activity, and in addition, they also have excellent acid-resistant long-cycle stability.

[0014] In the present invention, the combined control of the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate is the key to synergistically constructing the porous ordered PtCu octahedrons and significantly improving their mass-specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions. As an optional scheme, the copper chloride raw material with crystal water is copper chloride dihydrate.

[0015] The research of the present invention also shows that under the synergistic innovation of the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate, by further controlling the molar ratio of Cu / Pt, it is expected to further improve the synergy of the reaction between the two, which helps to further improve the mass specific activity of the material and the long-term stability under acidic conditions.

[0016] Preferably, the molar ratio of Cu / Pt in the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate is 1-2:1-2; more preferably 1:0.9-1.1; even more preferably 1:0.95-1.05. The research of the present invention shows that under the preferred Cu / Pt molar ratio, it helps to further strengthen the combined synergy of the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate, helps to further improve the porous and ordered characteristics of the material, and helps to improve the mass specific activity of the material and the long-term stability under acidic conditions.

[0017] In the present invention, in the starting solution (the mixed solution after slurrying) of solvothermal treatment, the concentration of Cu element can be 3.8-4.2 mM (the mM is mmol / L); more preferably 3.8-4.2 mM. Research shows that under the preferred concentration, a better combined process effect can be obtained, which helps to further optimize the octahedral material with a porous and ordered physicochemical structure, and helps to further improve the activity and long-cycle performance of the prepared material under acidic conditions.

[0018] In the present invention, the temperature of solvothermal treatment is 175-185 °C. Research shows that under the preferred solvothermal temperature, the ordered porous characteristics of the prepared material can be further synergistically optimized, which helps to further improve the activity and long-cycle performance of the prepared material under acidic conditions.

[0019] In the present invention, the time of solvothermal treatment is 5-10 h, and further can be 7-9 h.

[0020] In another embodiment of the present invention, the catalytic material is a supported catalyst further comprising a carrier. The supported catalyst of the present invention includes a carrier and a porous and ordered PtCu octahedron supported thereon.

[0021] In the present invention, the carrier can be a carrier component known in the industry, for example, it can be a carbon-based carrier, and further can be carbon black.

[0022] In the present invention, the supported catalyst is obtained by combining the porous ordered PtCu octahedra and a support. Further, before the combination, the support can be purified and / or surface-modified based on known processes. For example, when the support is a carbon-based material, it can be pre-treated by surface oxidation with an oxidizing component, and then combined with the porous ordered PtCu octahedra to obtain the supported catalyst.

[0023] In the present invention, in the supported catalyst, the particle size of the porous ordered PtCu octahedra can be between 20 and 30 nm.

[0024] In the present invention, in the supported catalyst, the content of the porous ordered PtCu octahedra can be adjusted as needed, for example, it can be 20 - 80 Wt.%.

[0025] The present invention also provides a catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedra prepared by the above preparation method.

[0026] The preparation method of the present invention can unexpectedly endow the product with special ordered porous octahedron physical and chemical characteristics, and the material with such physical and chemical characteristics prepared by the preparation method can unexpectedly have excellent mass-specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions.

[0027] The present invention also provides an application of the catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedra. Using it as a catalyst for the preparation of fuel cells.

[0028] In the present invention, based on known processes and means, the catalytic material of the present invention can be made into the required fuel cells and their components.

[0029] In the application of the present invention, the catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedra can be used as an electrode to prepare a fuel cell with an acidic solution as the electrolyte. The catalytic material of the present invention can meet the requirements of acidic applications and can obtain good electrochemical performance under acidic conditions.

[0030] In the present invention, the acidic solution can be, for example, an aqueous solution of HClO4 with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 M.

[0031] In the present invention, the fuel cell can be any type of fuel cell well-known in the industry. For example, as an alternative, it can be a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0032] The present invention also provides a fuel cell, which contains the catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedra or is prepared by the catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedra.

[0033] The fuel cell of the present invention, except that it contains the catalytic material described in the present invention or is prepared based on the described catalytic material, other components, structural components and principles can all be known.

[0034] Advantageous Effects

[0035] The present invention innovatively uses cupric chloride with crystal water as the copper source and platinum acetylacetonate as the platinum source for solvothermal reaction. Based on the special interactions between the components in the ternary system, it is possible to prepare PtCu octahedra with an ordered structure for the first time without using a surfactant and a reducing agent. That is to say, the preparation system described in the present invention can unexpectedly achieve synergy on the premise of excluding other components, and for the first time in the industry, it realizes the preparation of materials with an ordered morphology.

[0036] More importantly, the PtCu octahedra with an ordered morphology prepared by the preparation method described in the present invention can unexpectedly improve its mass activity and also improve the long-term stability of the material under acidic conditions. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 Transmission electron micrograph of the porous ordered PtCu octahedra (abbreviated as PO-PtCu NOs) prepared in Example 1.

[0038] Figure 2 HAADF-STEM image of the PO-PtCu NOs prepared in Example 1.

[0039] Figure 3 High-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the PO-PtCu NOs prepared in Example 1.

[0040] Figure 4 XRD pattern of the PO-PtCu NOs prepared in Example 1.

[0041] Figure 5 LSV comparison chart of the PO-PtCu NOs / C prepared in Example 1 and commercial Pt / C catalysts tested in an acidic system.

[0042] Figure 6 LSV comparison chart of commercial Pt / C fuel cell catalyst before and after 30,000 cycles of ADTs in an acidic system.

[0043] Figure 7 LSV comparison chart of the PO-PtCu NOs / C prepared in Example 1 before and after 30,000 cycles of ADTs in an acidic system.

[0044] Figure 8 Transmission electron micrograph of the material prepared in Comparative Example 6. Detailed Embodiments

[0045] The following specific embodiments are intended to further illustrate the content of the present invention in detail, rather than further limiting the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0046] For the reagents involved in the following examples, if not otherwise specified, they are commercially available reagent products directly purchased from the market.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Step 1: Preparation of porous ordered PtCu octahedral catalyst (PO-PtCu NOs):

[0049] Weigh 20 mg of platinum acetylacetonate (platinum source) and copper chloride dihydrate (copper source; Pt / Cu molar ratio is 1:1) in a beaker. Then add DMF to the beaker. After magnetic stirring for 2 h, transfer the transparent yellow solution (the concentration of copper in the yellow solution is 4 mM) to a stainless-steel autoclave with a Teflon lining, and place it in an oven and heat from room temperature to 180 o °C (solvothermal temperature) and keep it at this temperature for 8 h. After the reaction is completed and cooled to room temperature, collect the black product by centrifugation (5000 rpm, 5 min), and wash it 6 times with a mixture of ethanol / cyclohexane (volume ratio 1:1) to obtain the PO-PtCu NOs product.

[0050] The TEM of the PO-PtCu NOs product is shown in Figure 1 ; It can be seen from Figure 1 that the individual porous ordered PtCu octahedra are evenly distributed, with an average size of about 35 nm, and many small white dots can be clearly seen on the surface of each octahedron. These small white dots are pore structures.

[0051] The HAADF-STEM image of the PO-PtCu NOs product is shown in Figure 2 . It can be known from Figure 2 that the Pt element and the Cu element are evenly distributed on the porous octahedron.

[0052] The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of the PO-PtCu NOs product is shown in Figure 3 , and it can be known from Figure 3 that the lattice fringe crystal spacing on the surface of the porous octahedron is 0.220 nm, indicating that Cu and Pt form an alloy, and there are many regions on the octahedron surface where the lattice disappears (pore structures), and there are many stepped atoms at the edges with incomplete edges.

[0053] The XRD pattern of the PO-PtCu NOs product is shown in Figure 4, among which, several XRD diffraction peaks correspond to the ordered PtCu PDF#42-1326 card, indicating that the PO-PtCu NOs catalyst has an ordered alloy structure.

[0054] Step 2: Load the PO-PtCu NOs catalyst on carbon black:

[0055] The purchased carbon black (XC-72R) is pretreated with hydrogen peroxide in advance to obtain modified carbon black. Then, weigh the modified carbon black and the PO-PtCu NOs prepared in Step 1 (mass ratio = 3:2, i.e., the loading amount is 40 Wt.%), and disperse them in anhydrous ethanol (liquid-solid ratio is 5-10 mL / g) by ultrasonic dispersion. After continuing ultrasonic treatment for 1 h under ice bath conditions, put it into an oven to dry, and the PO-PtCu NOs / C catalyst can be obtained.

[0056] Step 3: Electrochemical detection

[0057] Take 4 mg of the PO-PtCu NOs / C catalytic material prepared in Step 2, disperse it in a mixed solution of 500 μL ethanol, 400 μL distilled water, and 100 μL 5 wt% nafion solution. After ultrasonic treatment for half an hour, take 15 μL of the mixed solution and drop it on a rotating disk electrode. After natural drying, a PO-PtCu NOs / C working electrode (also simply referred to as the working electrode) is obtained. Subsequently, use an electrochemical workstation to test the electrochemical performance of the PO-PtCu NOs / C catalyst. Among them, mercurous sulfate is used as the reference electrode, a graphite rod is used as the counter electrode, 0.1 M HClO4 is used as the electrolyte, and the scan rate is 0.01 V / s to test the catalyst activity in an acidic environment. The stability test is scanned at a scan rate of 0.05 V / s for 30,000 cycles. For comparison, commercial Pt / C (a composite material with 40 wt.% Pt loaded on carbon material) is also tested in the same way.

[0058] The LSV diagrams of the PO-PtCu NOs / C and commercial Pt / C catalysts prepared in Example 1 tested in an acidic system are shown in Figure 5 ; it shows that the half-wave potential of PO-PtCu NOs / C is higher, indicating higher catalytic activity.

[0059] The cyclic diagrams of Pt / C and PO-PtCu NOs / C are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7. It is shown that after 30,000 cycles of stability test on commercial Pt / C, the half-wave potential of the Pt / C catalyst decreased by 66 mV. However, after 30,000 cycles of stability test on the PO-PtCu NOs / C of Example 1 of the present invention, the half-wave potential of the PO-PtCu NOs catalyst only decreased by 15 mV. It shows that the materials described in the present invention have better catalytic stability under acidic conditions.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that in Step 1, the molar ratio of Pt to Cu is changed to: Pt:Cu = 2:1, and the total molar amount of Pt / Cu remains unchanged, and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that in Step 1, the molar ratio of Pt to Cu is changed to: Pt:Cu = 1:2, and the total molar amount of Pt / Cu remains unchanged, and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that in Step 1, the solvothermal temperature is changed to 160 o °C, and the time is 10 h, and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that in Step 1, the solvothermal temperature is changed to 200 o °C, and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that in Step 2, the mass ratio of the modified carbon black to PO-PtCu NOs is 4:1 (i.e., the loading amount is 20 Wt.%), and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] Example 7

[0071] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that in Step 2, the mass ratio of the modified carbon black to PO-PtCu NOs is 1:4 (i.e., the loading amount is 80 Wt.%), and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0072] Example 8

[0073] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Step 1, the concentration of copper in the yellow solution is 3 mM, and the Pt / Cu molar ratio, molar amount, and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Example 9

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Step 1, the concentration of copper in the yellow solution is 5 mM, and the Pt / Cu molar ratio, molar amount, and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that cobalt chloride dihydrate is used to replace the copper source (the molar amount of Co is the same as that of Cu), and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 2

[0079] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that ferrous chloride dihydrate is used to replace the copper source (the molar amount of Fe is the same as that of Cu), and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 3

[0081] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that nickel chloride dihydrate is used to replace the copper source (the molar amount of Ni is the same as that of Cu), and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 4

[0083] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate is used to replace the platinum source, and the amount of platinum used and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0084] Comparative Example 5

[0085] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that copper acetylacetonate is used as the copper source, and the copper molar amount and other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 6

[0087] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that anhydrous copper chloride is used as the copper source, and the amount of copper used and operations, parameters, and tests are the same as those in Example 1. The TEM of the prepared material is shown in Figure 8 , showing that it is a porous and disordered octahedral material.

[0088] Comparative Example 7

[0089] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that copper chloride without crystal water is used as the copper source, and ultrapure water is added to DMF. Among them, the amount of ultrapure water is equal to the crystal water in copper dichloride dihydrate in Example 1. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1. The morphology of the material prepared in this case is similar to that of Comparative Example 6, and the octahedral material with the ordered porous morphology of the present invention type is not obtained.

[0090] The electrochemical tests and subsequent calculation results of the catalysts prepared in each example and each comparative example and commercial Pt / C are listed in Table 1.

[0091]

[0092] Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 investigated the catalysts prepared with different PtCu molar ratios, solvothermal temperatures, loadings, and concentrations and their performance tests. The mass specific activity of the catalyst obtained in Example 1 is the highest (reaching 0.974 A / mg at 0.9 V Pt , that is, each milligram of Pt can generate 0.974 amperes of current), which is 9.28 times that of commercial Pt / C. This result shows that the catalyst prepared by the present invention exhibits excellent oxygen reduction catalytic performance for fuel cells. This is because the catalytic material obtains platinum-copper octahedrons with pore defects on the surface and step atoms on the edges through morphology design. These defects and step atoms can effectively reduce the coordination number of the PtCu alloy and accelerate the kinetic process of the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode of the fuel cell, thereby greatly improving the catalytic activity. In addition, from the decay rate of the mass specific activity after 30,000 cycles, it can be seen that the mass specific activity of the catalyst in Example 1 decays by 16.7%, while that of commercial Pt / C decays by 59.9%. The high stability of the catalyst in Example 1 benefits from the fact that the formed PtCu alloy is ordered, that is, the Pt atoms and Cu atoms in the alloy are arranged in a certain order. This ordered alloy structure can effectively slow down the dissolution and precipitation of Cu atoms in a strong acid environment, thereby improving the structural stability of the alloy and ultimately improving the stability of the catalyst.

[0093] From Examples 1, 2, and 3, it can be seen that when the molar ratio of Pt:Cu = 1:1, Cu has the best lattice and electron regulation on Pt, thus obtaining the highest catalytic activity.

[0094] There is a certain gap in the mass specific activity of the catalysts obtained in Examples 4 and 5, but the stability gap is not large. This is because when the solvothermal temperature changes, it may cause changes in atomic diffusion, thereby changing the porous structure and resulting in a reduction in defects and step atoms. When the solvothermal temperature is 180 o °C, the porous ordered structure is the best, thus obtaining the highest catalytic activity.

[0095] There is a certain gap in the mass specific activity of the catalysts obtained in Examples 6 and 7, but the gap in stability is not significant. This is because the modified carbon black can disperse the porous ordered PtCu alloy particles orderly, and the best mass specific activity can be achieved when the loading amount is 40 Wt.%.

[0096] There is a certain gap in the mass specific activity of the catalysts obtained in Examples 8 and 9, but the gap in stability is not significant.

[0097] In other comparative examples, due to the absence of the combined synergistic raw materials of copper chloride dihydrate and platinum acetylacetonate described in the present invention, the octahedral and ordered porous structure characteristics of the material are affected, thus affecting its performance.

[0098] The above results show that the catalyst prepared by the present invention has excellent catalytic activity and stability, and is simple and reproducible to prepare, and can be widely applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

[0099] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedra, characterized in that: The catalytic material is prepared by subjecting a mixed solution consisting of a copper chloride raw material with crystal water, platinum acetylacetonate and DMF to solvothermal treatment, followed by solid-liquid separation; The molar ratio of Cu / Pt in the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate is 1-3:1-3; In the mixed solution, the concentration of Cu element is 3~5 mM; The temperature of the solvent thermal treatment is 150°C to 250°C; the time of the solvent thermal treatment is 5 to 10 hours; The PtCu octahedron in the catalytic material is orderly, and the Pt atoms and Cu atoms therein are arranged in an orderly manner according to a certain rule.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper chloride raw material with crystal water is copper chloride dihydrate.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of Cu / Pt in the copper chloride raw material with crystal water and platinum acetylacetonate is 1-2:1-2.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of Cu element in the starting solution of solvothermal reaction was 3.8~4.2mM.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the solvent thermal treatment is 175~185℃.

6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The catalytic material is a supported catalyst further comprising a carrier; wherein the loading amount of the porous ordered PtCu octahedron is 20-80 wt.%.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The carrier is a carbon-based material, and the carrier is preliminarily subjected to surface oxidation treatment using an oxidizing component, and then composited with the porous ordered PtCu octahedron to obtain the supported catalyst.

8. A catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedrons obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of a catalytic material containing porous ordered PtCu octahedrons obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It is used as a catalyst to prepare fuel cells.

10. A fuel cell, characterized in that: A catalytic material comprising porous ordered PtCu octahedrons prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or prepared by the catalytic material comprising porous ordered PtCu octahedrons according to claim 8.

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