Human body implanted antenna system with high radiation efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a human body implanted antenna system with high radiation efficiency, and relates to the technical field of communication. Comprising a substrate, a top copper layer, a bottom copper layer and a lumped capacitor, the top of the substrate is provided with the top copper layer used for radiation, and the bottom of the substrate is provided with the bottom copper layer used for low-impedance transmission. The antenna receives and transmits signals in a wireless mode in vivo, communication connection between the lead-free cardiac pacemaker and external equipment is carried out, more space is reserved for key components such as a battery of the lead-free cardiac pacemaker due to the miniaturized design of the antenna, so that the battery with larger capacity is supported, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged; the power consumption demand of equipment can be reduced, so that the frequency of replacing the equipment is reduced, and the risk that a patient receives an operation is reduced; and as the equipment is more miniaturized and efficient, the burden on the body of a patient after implantation is smaller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a human body implanted antenna system with high radiation efficiency. Background Art

[0002] The study of wireless body area networks (WBANs) has attracted increasing attention from researchers in recent years. Based on the physiological data collected from different internal electro-invasive or non-invasive devices, it has great potential to improve health, provide auxiliary treatments, and prolong patients' lives.

[0003] Leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) devices implanted in the human body can monitor the status of different organs of the human body. Each implanted node can communicate with each other and send information to a subcutaneous implantable device or an external base station, which can achieve coordinated work between multiple implantable devices and transmit the detected heart data to the outside of the body in real time, thereby improving the patient's survival rate and health through convenient and rapid diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to design reliable, low-power, and efficient communication links for these applications.

[0004] Pacemakers are the most important and widely used implantable devices. By implanting multiple (two to three) leadless pacemaker capsules into the heart, it is possible to detect cardiac insufficiency and regulate normal cardiac synchronization. For traditional pacemakers, the communication connection and synchronization between multiple implantable capsules are achieved by connecting several deeply implanted pacemaker capsules to a subcutaneous control unit through wires. After decades of progress in pacing technology, wires are often seen as the weakness of traditional systems, which may lead to complications such as breakage, infection, and venous blockage.

[0005] Leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) involves replacing wires with wireless transmission, minimizing the risk of infection and being less invasive to patients. In clinical practice, it has been proven to be safe and effective. For LCP, a highly reliable and efficient communication link is one of the most important requirements, which means that the communication system should have a low bit error rate and high radiation efficiency. In order to improve the communication performance of LCP, it is necessary to design a miniaturized, high-radiation-efficiency implantable antenna system.

[0006] The present application designs a miniaturized, low-cost and high-radiation-efficiency implantable antenna system to optimize the communication link of a leadless cardiac pacemaker; the present application adopts the design of a planar electrically coupled loop antenna, reduces costs by simplifying the manufacturing process, and utilizes its thin and light planar structure to be integrated into a leadless cardiac pacemaker, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and the overall performance of the communication system. Since the volume of a wireless cardiac pacemaker capsule is very small, reducing the volume occupied by the antenna in the wireless cardiac pacemaker capsule can provide as much space as possible for the electric field, thereby extending the working time of the wireless cardiac pacemaker capsule in the heart in disguise, and solving the above-mentioned technical problems in turn. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency. Through the design of planar structure and lumped capacitor, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is enhanced, the space occupancy is reduced, and the cost is controlled by utilizing the existing PCB manufacturing technology. The radiation efficiency of the implanted antenna is improved, the size of the antenna is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency, comprising a substrate, a top copper layer and a bottom copper layer, wherein the top of the substrate is provided with a top copper layer for radiation, and the bottom of the substrate is provided with a bottom copper layer for low-impedance transmission, and the antenna receives and transmits signals wirelessly in the body to establish a communication connection between a leadless cardiac pacemaker and an external device.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a lumped capacitor, which is arranged on the substrate and is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna and the imaginary part of the input impedance.

[0010] Furthermore, the top copper layer is provided with a ring structure, which is the main radiation unit to realize wireless communication and is responsible for radiating the signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom copper layer is an open-circuit low-impedance transmission line, which transmits the signal to the top copper layer through electric field coupling for antenna feeding.

[0012] Furthermore, the substrate is a partition between the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer, and is a dielectric layer. The real part of the input impedance is adjusted by adjusting the size, thickness and dielectric constant of the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the planar electrically coupled loop antenna is integrated into a leadless cardiac pacemaker to achieve wireless communication.

[0014] Furthermore, the annular structure of the top copper layer is a main radiation unit, which is a short-circuited high-impedance transmission line, connected to the negative pole of the coaxial cable, and fed by electric field coupling from the bottom copper layer to the top copper layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the feed line transfers energy to the top copper layer through electric field coupling. The coupling strength between the two layers is adjusted by the size of the overlapping area. The bottom copper layer is an open-circuit low-impedance transmission line connected to the positive pole of the coaxial cable. The real part of the input impedance is adjusted by adjusting the size, thickness and dielectric constant of the top and bottom copper layers.

[0016] Furthermore, the antenna is made to resonate in various frequency bands, the impedance is adjusted by modifying the size of the feed head and the antenna, and the input impedance is adjusted to 50 ohms by adjusting the coupling between the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer using the same PCB process to manufacture the antenna.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a human body implant antenna system with high radiation efficiency, which has the following beneficial effects: The high-radiation-efficiency human implant antenna system has a miniaturized antenna design that reserves more space for key components such as the battery of the leadless pacemaker, thereby supporting larger-capacity batteries and extending the life of the device. It can reduce the power consumption requirements of the device, thereby reducing the frequency of device replacement and reducing the risk of patients undergoing surgery. Because the device is more compact and efficient, it puts less physical burden on the patient after implantation. The efficient design of the antenna reduces the possibility of communication failure, improves the reliability of medical equipment, and reduces the need for subsequent maintenance and surgery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to the present invention; Figure 2 A side view of a top copper layer and a bottom copper layer of a human body implant antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to the present invention; Figure 3 A reflection coefficient and input impedance diagram of a human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency measured in cardiac tissue of the present invention; Figure 4 The radiation pattern of the human body implant antenna system with high radiation efficiency of the present invention, the left figure is the E plane, and the right figure is the H plane; Figure 5 The invention discloses a human body implant antenna system with high radiation efficiency, and a reflection coefficient and radiation performance diagram of a simulated antenna implanted in a human body anatomical model.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of three pacemakers in which antennas of a human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency are respectively placed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to be able to understand the features and technical contents of the embodiments of the present disclosure in more detail, the implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The attached drawings are for reference only and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following technical description, for the convenience of explanation, a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments is provided through multiple details. However, one or more embodiments can still be implemented without these details. In other cases, to simplify the drawings, well-known structures and devices can be simplified for display.

[0022] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the embodiments of the present disclosure and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "middle", "outside", "front", "back" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are mainly intended to better describe the embodiments of the present disclosure and their embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific direction, or to be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Moreover, in addition to being used to indicate directions or positional relationships, some of the above terms may also be used to indicate other meanings. For example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship in certain circumstances. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] In addition, the terms "disposed", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0026] See also Figure 1-6 The present invention discloses a human body implant antenna system with high radiation efficiency, comprising a substrate, a top copper layer and a bottom copper layer. Figure 1 The top layer is the top copper layer, the bottom layer is the bottom copper layer, the top of the substrate is provided with a top copper layer for radiation, the bottom of the substrate is provided with a bottom copper layer for low-impedance transmission, the antenna receives and transmits signals wirelessly in the body to establish a communication connection between the leadless pacemaker and the external device.

[0027] The top copper layer is provided with a ring structure, which is the main radiation unit to realize wireless communication and is responsible for radiating the signal. The ring structure of the top copper layer is the main radiation unit, which is a short-circuited high-impedance transmission line, connected to the negative pole of the coaxial cable, and fed by electric field coupling from the bottom copper layer to the top copper layer. The feed line transfers energy to the top copper layer through electric field coupling. The coupling strength between the two layers is adjusted by the size of the overlapping area. The bottom copper layer is an open-circuited low-impedance transmission line, connected to the positive pole of the coaxial cable. The real part of the input impedance is adjusted by adjusting the size, thickness and dielectric constant of the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer.

[0028] The present application discloses a novel planar electrically coupled loop antenna system for a wireless body area network (WBAN), which is specially designed for implantable medical devices such as leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCPs), and can effectively improve the communication efficiency from inside the body to outside the body, and can also improve the communication efficiency from inside the body to inside the body, thereby achieving a reliable, highly robust, and low-power communication link, thereby providing more reliable protection for patients' health monitoring and medical diagnosis.

[0029] This application proposes a new type of planar electrically coupled loop antenna and uses PCB technology to manufacture it to achieve the goals of miniaturization, low cost and high radiation efficiency. In this application, an implantable antenna system is designed that can effectively improve the communication efficiency of leadless pacemakers and is easy to produce, install and use.

[0030] The bottom copper layer is an open circuit low impedance transmission line, which transmits the signal to the top copper layer through electric field coupling for antenna feeding.

[0031] The substrate is a partition between the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer, and is a dielectric layer. The real part of the input impedance is adjusted by adjusting the size, thickness and dielectric constant of the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer, thereby optimizing the working frequency and radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0032] It also includes a lumped capacitor, which is arranged on the substrate and is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna and the imaginary part of the input impedance.

[0033] This application designs a new antenna, which is like a small flat loop. It is composed of two layers of copper plates and transmits signals through the coupling of the electric field between the layers. This design makes the antenna smaller and easier to integrate into common leadless pacemaker devices, and it is low-cost. At the same time, we can optimize its performance by adjusting the size and thickness of the antenna to make it have higher radiation efficiency and achieve more stable wireless transmission. Compared with traditional implantable antennas, the high-radiation-efficiency planar electrically coupled loop antenna system of the present invention can significantly improve the communication efficiency of leadless pacemakers and reduce the power consumption requirements of the device.

[0034] The design structure of the planar electrically coupled loop antenna breaks the volume limitation of traditional antennas and achieves miniaturized design.

[0035] Using PCB technology for manufacturing can reduce costs and improve production efficiency.

[0036] Efficient energy transmission is achieved through the interlayer electrical coupling mechanism. For implantable antennas, since human tissue is a high-loss medium, the radiation efficiency of the antenna of the present application in this high-loss medium is higher than that of other antennas, thereby achieving the purpose of significantly improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0037] By optimizing antenna size, thickness, substrate material and other parameters, communication performance can be further improved and power consumption requirements can be reduced.

[0038] Specifically, the planar electrically coupled loop antenna is integrated into a leadless cardiac pacemaker to achieve wireless communication.

[0039] Specifically, the antenna is enabled to resonate in various frequency bands, the impedance is adjusted by modifying the size of the feed head and the antenna, and the input impedance of the antenna manufactured using the same PCB process is adjusted to 50 ohms by adjusting the coupling between the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer.

[0040] This technology achieves high radiation efficiency by designing a double-layer metal ring structure, using the ring radiating unit on the top layer and the energy transmission path from the bottom layer to the top layer, and by adjusting the coupling between the top layer and the bottom layer to match the needs of the 50-ohm system. In addition, the resonant frequency and input impedance of the antenna are further optimized by adjusting the lumped capacitance, the size of the top layer and the bottom layer, and the overlapping size, ensuring that the antenna can work reliably and efficiently in various applications.

[0041] When in use, the antenna of the present invention is implanted in the patient's body and connected to the leadless cardiac pacemaker device to achieve data transmission. The antenna uses a metal plate as a radiation unit and transfers energy through interlayer electrical coupling to achieve efficient wireless transmission, as follows: The external device transmits the signal to the base of the antenna via a coaxial cable.

[0042] The bottom copper layer acts as an open low impedance transmission line, passing the signal to the top antenna via electric field coupling.

[0043] The top copper layer acts as the main radiating element, radiating the signal into the surrounding space.

[0044] The transceiver receives the signal for processing.

[0045] The antenna is fixed inside the human body, no additional movement is required. In summary, the high radiation efficiency human implant antenna system, the high radiation efficiency human implant antenna system, the miniaturized design of the antenna reserves more space for key components such as the battery of the leadless pacemaker, thereby supporting larger capacity batteries and extending the service life of the device. The power consumption requirements of the device can be reduced, thereby reducing the frequency of device replacement and reducing the risk of patients undergoing surgery. Because the device is more compact and efficient, it puts less physical burden on the patient after implantation. The efficient design of the antenna reduces the possibility of communication failure, improves the reliability of medical equipment, and reduces the need for subsequent maintenance and surgery.

[0046] Compared with the conventional electrically coupled loop antenna, the planar electrically coupled loop antenna proposed in the present invention has a planar structure that solves the manufacturing problem of ECLA, and has a smaller size and is easy to integrate with an implantable device. Conventional electrically coupled loop antennas require micromachining equipment to manufacture antennas, which has high processing costs, low yields, and low processing precision. The planar electrically coupled loop antenna proposed in the present invention is based on conventional PCB technology and has the advantages of low cost, high processing precision, and easy mass production.

[0047] The planar structure of the antenna is easier to integrate with the leadless pacemaker and saves space. The electronic components in the leadless pacemaker are arranged in a stacked structure, so the planar antenna can be placed on the top or bottom of the capsule.

[0048] The present application selects a substrate with a low loss tangent, adjusts the coupling strength between the top and bottom copper layers, and controls the parallel capacitance by adjusting the substrate thickness and overlap size, thereby achieving higher radiation efficiency and lower power consumption requirements.

[0049] The above description and the accompanying drawings sufficiently illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural and other changes. The embodiments represent only possible variations. Unless explicitly required, individual components and functions are optional, and the order of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or replace portions and features of other embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency, characterized in that: The invention comprises a substrate, a top copper layer and a bottom copper layer. The top of the substrate is provided with a top copper layer for radiation, and the bottom of the substrate is provided with a bottom copper layer for low-impedance transmission. The antenna receives and transmits signals wirelessly in the body to establish a communication connection between the leadless cardiac pacemaker and an external device.

2. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a lumped capacitor, which is arranged on the substrate and is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna and the imaginary part of the input impedance.

3. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top copper layer is provided with a ring structure, which is the main radiation unit, realizes wireless communication, and is responsible for radiating the signal.

4. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom copper layer is an open circuit low impedance transmission line, which transmits the signal to the top copper layer through electric field coupling for antenna feeding.

5. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 4, characterized in that: The substrate is a partition between the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer, and is a dielectric layer. The real part of the input impedance can be adjusted by adjusting the size, thickness and dielectric constant of the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer.

6. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: A planar electrically coupled loop antenna is integrated into a leadless cardiac pacemaker for wireless communication.

7. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 5, characterized in that: The annular structure of the top copper layer is the main radiation unit, which is a short-circuited high-impedance transmission line connected to the negative pole of the coaxial cable and is fed through electric field coupling from the bottom copper layer to the top copper layer.

8. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feed line transfers energy to the top copper layer through electric field coupling. The coupling strength between the two layers is adjusted by the size of the overlapping area. The bottom copper layer is an open-circuit low-impedance transmission line connected to the positive pole of the coaxial cable. The real part of the input impedance is adjusted by adjusting the size, thickness and dielectric constant of the top and bottom copper layers.

9. The human body implantable antenna system with high radiation efficiency according to claim 8, characterized in that: The antenna is made to resonate in various frequency bands, the impedance is adjusted by modifying the size of the feed head and the antenna, and the input impedance is adjusted to 50 ohms by adjusting the coupling between the top copper layer and the bottom copper layer. The antenna manufactured using the same PCB process is

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