Design method and system of array antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method and system of an array antenna, and relates to the technical field of computer aided design. According to the design method of the array antenna, a test angle, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, an initial current intensity value and an initial phase value of each antenna unit, and an antenna spacing value and an antenna working frequency value of each group of adjacent antenna units are acquired, array analysis and gain analysis are performed, and whether gain is in a preset interval is judged; and if the gain of all the test angles does not meet the preset interval requirement, adjusting the current intensity and the phase value, and repeatedly analyzing and judging until the gains of all the test angles meet the preset interval requirement. According to the method, the gain is ensured to meet the preset interval requirement in all test angles, so that the consistency of the multi-angle gain is improved, the calculation complexity of the optimization process is effectively reduced, and the design efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of computer-aided design, and in particular to a design method and system for an array antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, array antennas, as a high-performance antenna form, are widely used in radar, satellite communication, 5G communication, wireless positioning and other fields. Array antennas are composed of multiple antenna units. Through reasonable arrangement and excitation control, they can achieve flexible beam control and optimization of directional patterns, thus meeting the communication needs of different scenarios.

[0003] The existing design methods of array antennas are usually based on fixed geometric structures and electrical parameters, and the current amplitude, phase distribution and antenna unit spacing of the antenna unit are optimized through a global optimization algorithm. However, this method has the following problems: the limitations of fixed parameter design, the inefficiency of the global optimization algorithm, and the lack of dynamic feedback and adjustment mechanism.

[0004] Prior art, such as the invention patent application with announcement number: CN116306281 B, discloses a design method, system, device and medium for an array antenna, wherein the design method for the array antenna includes the following steps: obtaining the preset number, shape, size, array antenna excitation coefficient and arrangement structure of the array elements in the array antenna, determining the structure of the antenna array, and completing the design of the array antenna; wherein, in the process of solving the array antenna excitation coefficient, a new cost function and objective function are proposed. In summary, the present invention specifically discloses a novel base station antenna design scheme with on-demand energy coverage based on environmental scattering, which can realize the design of array antennas with on-demand energy coverage based on environmental scattering, and can customize suitable antennas in specific areas according to the electric field distribution defined by the user, thereby reducing errors in actual use.

[0005] Based on the above scheme, it is found that the design of array antennas in the prior art is often based on fixed parameter optimization, and fails to perform multi-angle dynamic analysis and feedback optimization of the array factor and array gain at the test angle. This design method that lacks dynamic adjustment can easily cause the gain of the array antenna to deviate from the design target at some test angles, thereby affecting the overall radiation pattern performance. In addition, the prior art usually adjusts the antenna excitation coefficient through a complex global optimization algorithm. This method has a large amount of calculation and low optimization efficiency. Especially in the scenario of multiple test angles, it is difficult to efficiently capture and adjust gain anomalies. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a design method and system for an array antenna, which solves the problems in the prior art of lacking dynamic analysis and feedback optimization of array factor and array gain under multiple test angles, and high computational complexity of the global optimization algorithm.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a design method for an array antenna, comprising the following steps: obtaining initial data of the array antenna, wherein the initial data of the array antenna includes a number of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, an initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, an initial phase value, an antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and an antenna operating frequency value; performing array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain an array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; performing gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain an array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; performing judgment analysis on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle and a preset array gain interval; if there is an array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle that is outside the preset array gain interval, adjusting and analyzing the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain a current intensity adjustment value and a phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and repeating the array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment analysis steps until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: read the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units in the array antenna and perform comprehensive analysis to obtain the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna; for each test angle, input the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, the initial phase value, and the antenna operating frequency value into the array factor analysis model for array analysis to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; wherein the specific formula for calculating the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna is as follows: Where JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, JL t is the antenna spacing value of the tth group of adjacent antenna units in the array antenna, t=1, 2, 3, ..., t0, t0 is the number of adjacent antenna unit groups in the array antenna.

[0009] Furthermore, the array factor analysis model is specifically as follows: Where ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary unit, XW iis the initial phase value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, π is the pi, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is the speed of light, JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: performing square amplitude analysis on the array factors of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle; arranging the array square amplitudes of the array antenna at each test angle in descending order to obtain the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna; inputting the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna and the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle into the array gain analysis model to perform gain analysis to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle.

[0011] Furthermore, the array gain analysis model is specifically as follows: Where ZY(θ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle θ, |ZL(θ) 2 is the array square amplitude of the array antenna at the test angle θ, ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, and ZL(θ′) 2 is the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna, and θ′ is the test angle corresponding to the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: obtain the array target gain of the array antenna at each test angle, and perform a comprehensive analysis based on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle, the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, and the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna to obtain the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; perform a comprehensive analysis on the initial current intensity value and the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific formula for calculating the current intensity compensation value and the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: Among them, ΔDL i is the current intensity compensation value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, μ i is the current compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, ZL(θ g) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, π is the circumference of a circle, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is the speed of light, JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, DLT i is the current intensity adjustment value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna, and g=1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is the number of test angles.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific steps of calculating the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna are as follows: performing difference analysis on the array target gain and array gain of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle; performing sum analysis on the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error and value of the array antenna; performing ratio analysis on the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle and the array gain error and value of the array antenna to obtain the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: read the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle, and perform a comprehensive analysis in combination with the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna to obtain the phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; perform a comprehensive analysis on the initial phase value and phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; wherein, the specific formula for calculating the phase compensation value and phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: Among them, ΔXW i is the phase compensation value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, ω i is the phase compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, XWT i is the phase adjustment value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, XW i is the initial phase value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna, and g=1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is the number of test angles.

[0016] A design system for an array antenna comprises: a data acquisition module, an array analysis module, a gain analysis module, and a judgment and adjustment analysis module; the data acquisition module is used to acquire initial data of the array antenna, and the initial data of the array antenna comprises a number of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, an initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, an initial phase value, an antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and an antenna operating frequency value; the array analysis module is used to perform array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain an array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; the gain analysis module is used to perform gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle. The array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is obtained by analysis; the judgment and adjustment analysis module is used to judge and analyze the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle with a preset array gain interval. If the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are adjusted and analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and the array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment analysis steps are repeated until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The design method of the array antenna gradually optimizes the current intensity and phase distribution of the antenna unit through array analysis and gain analysis of the initial data, combined with the adjustment of the compensation model, to ensure that the gain meets the preset range requirements in all test angles. This not only improves the consistency of multi-angle gain, but also effectively reduces the computational complexity of the optimization process, significantly improves the design efficiency, and is suitable for the precise optimization needs of multi-angle scenarios.

[0019] (2) The design method of the array antenna introduces a current intensity compensation and phase compensation model. By calculating the array gain error and adjustment coefficient, the excitation parameters of the antenna unit are dynamically adjusted. In particular, an accurate correction scheme is provided for angles with large gain deviations. By gradually optimizing and adjusting the current intensity and phase value of each unit, the main lobe gain of the radiation pattern can be significantly improved to reach the target design value. At the same time, the side lobe gain can be effectively suppressed, and the directionality and flexibility of the radiation pattern can be enhanced, thereby solving the problems of insufficient main lobe gain optimization and limited side lobe suppression capability in the prior art.

[0020] (3) The design method of the array antenna realizes an automated design optimization process by gradually analyzing and adjusting the antenna unit spacing index, current intensity compensation value and phase compensation value. Compared with the traditional global optimization algorithm that relies on complex calculations, this method is based on gain error feedback and quickly adjusts the current and phase distribution through dynamic compensation, thereby reducing the consumption of computing resources and making the design more flexible. In addition, relying on the dynamic compensation model, the optimization result has higher accuracy and can meet the more demanding array antenna design requirements, especially in high-performance radiation patterns and complex application scenarios. It has obvious advantages.

[0021] (4) The array antenna design system divides the entire array antenna design process into four modules: data acquisition, array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment and adjustment analysis. It clarifies the function and implementation logic of each step. This modular design method makes the array antenna design more systematic and structured, and facilitates the flexible call and combination of module functions in different application scenarios. At the same time, the system can quickly respond to abnormal conditions of test angle gain through an automated judgment and adjustment mechanism, and realize dynamic adjustment of gain deviation, thus avoiding the inefficiency and error accumulation caused by manual intervention. The overall system has a highly automated operation capability, which significantly simplifies the complex array antenna design process and improves the design accuracy and response efficiency.

[0022] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a design method of an array antenna.

[0024] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of the specific steps of obtaining the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle in a design method of the array antenna.

[0025] Figure 3 The figure is a system block diagram of a design array antenna of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The overall idea of ​​the problem in the embodiment of this application is as follows:

[0027] First, the initial data of the array antenna is obtained, including the test angle, the number of antenna units, the initial current intensity value, the initial phase value, the antenna spacing value between adjacent antenna units, and the antenna operating frequency value, to provide basic data for subsequent analysis. The initial data is subjected to array analysis to calculate the array factor. Then, a gain analysis is performed based on the array factor to obtain the array gain at each test angle. The gain analysis model is used to further analyze whether the gain meets the preset gain range. If the gain is not within the preset range, the current intensity adjustment value and phase adjustment value of each antenna unit are dynamically calculated through the current intensity and phase adjustment compensation model. The array factor and gain analysis are repeated until the design goal is met.

[0028] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a design method of an array antenna, comprising the following steps: obtaining initial data of the array antenna from a design target of the array antenna, the initial data of the array antenna including a number of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, an initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, an initial phase value, an antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and an antenna operating frequency value; performing array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain an array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; performing gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain an array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; performing judgment analysis on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle and a preset array gain interval respectively; if there is an array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle that is outside the preset array gain interval, adjusting and analyzing the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain a current intensity adjustment value and a phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and repeating the array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment analysis steps until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

[0029] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: read the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units in the array antenna and perform a comprehensive analysis to obtain the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna; for each test angle, respectively input the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, the initial phase value, and the antenna operating frequency value into the array factor analysis model for array analysis to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle.

[0030] The specific formula for calculating the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna is as follows: Where JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, JL tis the antenna spacing value of the tth group of adjacent antenna units in the array antenna, t=1, 2, 3, ..., t0, t0 is the number of adjacent antenna unit groups in the array antenna.

[0031] The array factor analysis model is as follows: Where ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the ith antenna unit in the array antenna, e is a natural constant, which is 2.718 in this embodiment, j is an imaginary unit, and j 2 =-1,XW i is the initial phase value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, π is the circumference of a circle, which is 3.14 in this embodiment, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, and c is the speed of light, which is 3*10 8 m / s, JjZ is the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, ..., i0, i0 is the number of antenna elements in the array antenna.

[0032] The specific implementation example of calculating the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle is as follows, and the following data is available:

[0033] The array antenna consists of 4 antenna units, and the test angles are: 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°.

[0034] The initial current strength values ​​of the four antenna units are: 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, and the unit is ampere.

[0035] The initial phase values ​​of the four antenna units are: 0, π / 4, π / 2, 3π / 4, and the unit is radian.

[0036] The antenna operating frequency value is: 3*10 9 Hz.

[0037] The antenna unit spacing index is: 0.15, in meters.

[0038] The value of the natural constant e is 2.718.

[0039] The value of pi is 3.14.

[0040] The speed of light c is 3*10 8 m / s.

[0041] Substitute the above data into the array factor analysis model and obtain:

[0042] The array factor of the array antenna at the test angle of 0° is ≈-1.00-2.41j.

[0043] The array factor of the array antenna at a test angle of 30° is ≈1.99-1.69j.

[0044] The array factor of the array antenna at a test angle of 60° is ≈-2.41-1.00j.

[0045] The array factor of the array antenna at a test angle of 90° is ≈1.00+2.41j.

[0046] In this implementation, by defining the antenna unit spacing index formula, the spacing values ​​of each adjacent antenna unit in the antenna array can be comprehensively analyzed to extract important parameters reflecting the entire array structure. Compared with directly using a fixed spacing value, the index can more comprehensively describe the geometric distribution characteristics of the antenna array and provide more accurate input parameters for subsequent array factor calculations. In addition, the formula has the flexibility to adapt to different array antenna structures. Whether it is an array structure with uniform spacing or non-uniform spacing, its overall geometric characteristics can be effectively characterized by calculating the spacing index. The array factor analysis model is introduced, and the initial current intensity value, phase value, antenna unit spacing index, operating frequency and other parameters of the antenna unit are integrated into an analysis model through the formula, which effectively simplifies the calculation process. The model not only has a clear physical meaning It can also flexibly calculate the array factor at different test angles, so as to quickly obtain the radiation characteristics of the antenna array in all directions. This unified calculation framework improves the efficiency of array factor analysis, avoids complex manual derivation, and is suitable for various types of antenna array designs. This part of the content realizes the modular design of array factor calculation through parameterized formulas. For example, the clear definition of basic physical constants such as natural constant e, imaginary unit j, pi, speed of light c, etc. makes the model universal and can be extended to different types of antenna array scenarios. At the same time, key parameters such as the number of antenna units and spacing index can be flexibly adjusted to support multi-dimensional optimization and application requirements in different scenarios. This parameterized modeling capability not only improves the versatility of the solution, but also provides powerful tool support for complex antenna array design.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps for obtaining the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: performing square amplitude analysis on the array factors of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle; arranging the array square amplitudes of the array antenna at each test angle in descending order to obtain the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna; inputting the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna and the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle into the array gain analysis model to perform gain analysis to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle.

[0048] The array gain analysis model is as follows: Where ZY(θ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle θ, |ZL(θ) 2 is the array square amplitude of the array antenna at the test angle θ, ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, |ZL(θ′) 2 is the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna, and θ′ is the test angle corresponding to the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna.

[0049] In this implementation scheme, by performing square amplitude analysis on the array factor at each test angle, the radiation intensity at each angle is accurately calculated to form an accurate basis for pattern evaluation. This analysis method can directly convert the complex characteristics (amplitude and phase) of the array factor into a scalar square amplitude that can be used for gain evaluation, providing more accurate and detailed data support for subsequent gain analysis. Especially in multi-angle test scenarios, this method can effectively capture the radiation characteristics in each direction, which helps to further optimize the main lobe gain and side lobe suppression performance of the antenna. The square amplitudes of all test angles are arranged in descending order, and the maximum radiation intensity (maximum square amplitude) of the array antenna and its corresponding main radiation direction can be quickly determined. This analysis method not only provides a data basis for optimizing the gain in the main lobe direction, but also provides the possibility for dynamic comparative analysis of the gain at other test angles and the main lobe gain through sorting and comparison. This process can help quickly identify side lobe gain anomalies or directional deviation problems in the test angles. In order to provide an important reference for the subsequent pattern optimization, an array gain analysis model is introduced. By normalizing the square amplitude of each test angle with the maximum square amplitude, the normalized array gain is directly obtained. Compared with the traditional gain calculation method, this model uses direct comparison of square amplitudes, which significantly simplifies the calculation complexity and avoids the complex normalization factor derivation problem. At the same time, this method ensures that the gain in the main lobe direction is normalized to 1, and the gain values ​​of other test angles are expressed in relative proportions, which can more intuitively reflect the radiation intensity distribution in different directions and improve the flexibility and interpretability of gain analysis. By comparing and analyzing the gain results of the test angles with the target design indicators in real time, the radiation performance differences of the array antenna at each test angle can be quickly identified, especially the gain anomalies in the main lobe direction and the side lobe direction. This analysis method based on dynamic comparison helps to quickly iterate and adjust the current intensity and phase parameters to ensure that the gain is within the target range at all test angles, ultimately improving the antenna direction. Figure 1 Conformity and radiation performance.

[0050] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: obtain the array target gain of the array antenna at each test angle, and perform a comprehensive analysis based on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle, the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, and the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna to obtain the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; perform a comprehensive analysis on the initial current intensity value and the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna.

[0051] The specific formula for calculating the current intensity compensation value and current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: Among them, ΔDL i is the current intensity compensation value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, μ i is the current compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, π is the circumference of a circle, which is 3.14 in this embodiment, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is the speed of light, which is 3×108 m / s, JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, DLT i is the current intensity adjustment value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna, and g=1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is the number of test angles.

[0052] In this implementation, the current intensity compensation value and adjustment value of each antenna unit are calculated by formula, and combined with comprehensive parameters such as array gain, target gain, antenna operating frequency and spacing index, it is possible to accurately capture the impact of each antenna unit on the overall array performance at different test angles. Compared with the traditional global optimization method, this method can more specifically adjust parameters for a single antenna unit to ensure that each unit contributes to the array performance at its best, thereby improving the radiation performance of the entire array. This method introduces the error calculation between the target gain and the actual gain, clarifies the gain adjustment requirements for each test angle, and further uses the adjustment coefficient to allocate it to the compensation calculation of each antenna unit. This dynamic correction mechanism based on error feedback can efficiently deal with the gain deviation problem at multiple test angles, so that the gain of the antenna array at all test angles can meet the design goals, significantly improving The consistency of multi-angle radiation patterns is ensured. The current intensity adjustment formula constructs an automated optimization process by introducing parameters such as compensation coefficient, adjustment coefficient, spacing index, etc., which makes the adjustment of current intensity very flexible and adaptable. Compared with the traditional method that relies on manual adjustment or complex global optimization algorithm, this method can automatically calculate the current compensation value of each unit and complete the final adjustment, which simplifies the design process and saves a lot of computing time and manual operation costs. It is particularly suitable for rapid iterative optimization of complex scenarios. By combining the target gain and actual gain at different test angles, the dynamic compensation scheme for adjusting the current intensity can quickly respond to abnormal conditions in the array radiation pattern. This dynamic optimization capability ensures the maximization of the main lobe gain and the effective suppression of the side lobe, provides strong technical support for the global optimization of the array radiation pattern, and improves the design adaptability of the antenna under multiple scenarios and multiple requirements.

[0053] Specifically, the specific steps for calculating the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna are as follows: perform difference analysis on the array target gain and array gain of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle; perform sum analysis on the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error and value of the array antenna; perform ratio analysis on the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle and the array gain error and value of the array antenna to obtain the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna.

[0054] In this implementation scheme, by performing a difference analysis between the actual array gain and the target gain at each test angle, the gain deviation of each test angle can be clarified. Such an error calculation method can provide an accurate quantitative basis for each test angle and effectively identify the problem angles in the radiation pattern. This precise gain error quantification method provides a clear direction for subsequent adjustments and avoids the problems of blindness and inefficiency in traditional adjustments. By summing and analyzing the gain errors of all test angles, the global gain error and value of the entire array antenna are obtained. This comprehensive evaluation method can not only reflect the deviation of the overall performance of the array antenna, but also provide reliable data support for global optimization in multi-angle scenarios. Compared with adjusting each angle individually, global error analysis can better coordinate resources and optimize the entire radiation pattern. Performance, the gain error of each test angle is analyzed by the proportion of the global gain error and value, and the adjustment coefficient of each test angle can be dynamically calculated. This adjustment mechanism based on the proportion ensures the rationality of the adjustment range, so that the angle with a larger gain error obtains a higher adjustment weight, while the angle with a smaller gain error is less affected by the adjustment. Compared with the traditional uniform adjustment method, this dynamic allocation method can quickly narrow the error range and greatly improve the optimization efficiency. By independently calculating the adjustment coefficient for each test angle and optimizing the allocation based on the global error, the gain deviation of each test angle can be corrected in a targeted manner. This method is particularly suitable for the needs of directional pattern optimization in multi-angle scenarios. It can ensure that the main lobe gain is maximized while effectively controlling the side lobe gain, thereby further improving the direction of the array antenna. Figure 1 The calculation of the adjustment coefficient is based on the dynamic comparison between the actual gain and the target gain, as well as the analysis of the proportion of the global error. This flexible calculation method enables the adjustment mechanism to adapt to the optimization tasks of different scenarios and requirements. Whether it is a high-gain scenario or a low-sidelobe scenario, it can provide targeted adjustment strategies, which significantly enhances the adaptability and versatility of the design.

[0055] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: read the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle, and perform a comprehensive analysis based on the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna to obtain the phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; perform a comprehensive analysis on the initial phase value and phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna.

[0056] The specific formula for calculating the phase compensation value and phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: Among them, ΔXW i is the phase compensation value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, ω iis the phase compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, XWT i is the phase adjustment value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, XW i is the initial phase value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna, and g=1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is the number of test angles.

[0057] In this implementation, by calculating the phase compensation value of each antenna unit, combining the gain error and the adjustment coefficient, accurate phase correction can be provided for the antenna unit at each test angle. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that the phase of each antenna unit can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual gain situation, avoiding the problem of degradation of the directional pattern performance due to inaccurate initial phase, thereby significantly improving the radiation performance of the antenna array. This method combines the gain error of each test angle with the phase compensation model to achieve efficient coupled optimization of global performance and local adjustment. Specifically, the global gain error is distributed to each antenna unit through the adjustment coefficient to guide the calculation of local phase compensation, thereby making the optimization process more efficient and accurate. Compared with a single global optimization or local optimization, this coupled optimization method can more comprehensively improve the overall performance of the array antenna. By gradually adjusting the phase compensation value of the antenna unit, the direction at different test angles is ensured. Figure 1 This adjustment mechanism can not only maximize the main lobe gain, but also effectively suppress the side lobe gain and improve the overall characteristics of the radiation pattern. In addition, the calculation of the phase adjustment value is based on dynamic error feedback, which can quickly respond to the needs of different application scenarios and improve the flexibility and adaptability of antenna array design. This part divides the phase adjustment into two steps: compensation calculation and adjustment synthesis. The compensation value is calculated through a clear formula, and the final adjustment value is obtained by combining the initial phase. This step-by-step optimization process avoids the complex global phase optimization algorithm, greatly reduces the calculation complexity, and maintains the accuracy of the optimization results. Especially in complex array scenarios with multiple antenna units and multiple test angles, this optimization method is more efficient. The calculation of the phase compensation value is based on the difference between the target gain and the actual gain of the test angle, and can be fine-tuned for each test angle. This error-driven optimization method not only improves the stability of the array antenna, but also enhances its robustness to different environments and demand changes, ensuring that the antenna performance is always in the best state.

[0058] See also Figure 3The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a design system for an array antenna, comprising: a data acquisition module, an array analysis module, a gain analysis module, and a judgment and adjustment analysis module; the data acquisition module is used to acquire initial data of the array antenna, the initial data of the array antenna including a number of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, the initial phase value, the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and the antenna operating frequency value; the array analysis module is used to perform array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; the gain analysis module is used to analyze the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle. The submodule performs gain analysis to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; a judgment and adjustment analysis module is used to judge and analyze the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle and a preset array gain interval. If the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are adjusted and analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and the array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment analysis steps are repeated until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

[0059] In summary, this application has at least the following effects:

[0060] Through array analysis and gain analysis of the initial data, combined with adjustment of the compensation model, the current intensity and phase distribution of the antenna unit are gradually optimized to ensure that the gain meets the preset range requirements in all test angles. This not only improves the consistency of multi-angle gain, but also effectively reduces the computational complexity of the optimization process, significantly improves the design efficiency, and is suitable for the precise optimization needs of multi-angle scenarios.

[0061] A current intensity compensation and phase compensation model is introduced. By calculating the array gain error and adjustment coefficient, the excitation parameters of the antenna unit are dynamically adjusted. In particular, an accurate correction solution is provided for angles with large gain deviations. By gradually optimizing and adjusting the current intensity and phase value of each unit, the main lobe gain of the radiation pattern can be significantly improved to reach the target design value. At the same time, the side lobe gain is effectively suppressed, and the directionality and flexibility of the radiation pattern are enhanced, thereby solving the problems of insufficient main lobe gain optimization and limited side lobe suppression capability in the prior art.

[0062] An automated design optimization process is achieved by gradually analyzing and adjusting the antenna unit spacing index, current intensity compensation value and phase compensation value. Compared with the traditional global optimization algorithm that relies on complex calculations, this method is based on gain error feedback and quickly adjusts the current and phase distribution through dynamic compensation, thereby reducing computing resource consumption and making the design more flexible. In addition, relying on the dynamic compensation model, the optimization results have higher accuracy and can meet the more demanding array antenna design requirements, especially in high-performance radiation patterns and complex application scenarios. It has obvious advantages.

[0063] By dividing the entire array antenna design process into four modules: data acquisition, array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment and adjustment analysis, the function and implementation logic of each step are clarified. This modular design method makes the design of the array antenna more systematic and structured, and facilitates the flexible calling and combination of the functions of each module in different application scenarios. At the same time, the system can quickly respond to abnormal conditions of the test angle gain through an automated judgment and adjustment mechanism, and realize dynamic adjustment of the gain deviation, thus avoiding the inefficiency and error accumulation caused by manual intervention. The overall system has a highly automated operation capability, which significantly simplifies the complex array antenna design process and improves the design accuracy and response efficiency.

[0064] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0065] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A design method for an array antenna, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Acquire initial data of the array antenna, wherein the initial data of the array antenna includes a number of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, an initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, an initial phase value, an antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and an antenna operating frequency value; Perform array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; Performing gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; The array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is judged and analyzed with the preset array gain range; If the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain range, the initial current intensity value and initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are adjusted and analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and the array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment analysis steps are repeated until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain range.

2. The design method of the array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: Read the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units in the array antenna and perform comprehensive analysis to obtain the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna; For each test angle, the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, the initial phase value, and the antenna operating frequency value are respectively input into the array factor analysis model for array analysis to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; The specific formula for calculating the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna is as follows: Where JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, JL t is the antenna spacing value of the tth group of adjacent antenna units in the array antenna, t=1, 2, 3, ..., t0, t0 is the number of adjacent antenna unit groups in the array antenna.

3. The design method of the array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The array factor analysis model is as follows: Where ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary unit, XW i is the initial phase value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, π is the pi, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is the speed of light, JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna.

4. The design method of the array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: Perform square amplitude analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle; Arrange the array square amplitudes of the array antenna at each test angle in descending order to obtain the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna; The maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna and the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle are respectively input into the array gain analysis model for gain analysis to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle.

5. The design method of the array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The array gain analysis model is specifically as follows: Where ZY(θ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle θ, |ZL(θ)| 2 is the array square amplitude of the array antenna at the test angle θ, ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, |ZL(θ′)| 2 is the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna, and θ′ is the test angle corresponding to the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna.

6. The design method of array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: Obtain the array target gain of the array antenna at each test angle, and perform a comprehensive analysis based on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle, the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, and the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna to obtain the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; The initial current intensity value and the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna.

7. The design method of the array antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific formula for calculating the current intensity compensation value and current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: Among them, ΔDL i is the current intensity compensation value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, μ i is the current compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, π is the circumference of a circle, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is the speed of light, JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, DLT i is the current intensity adjustment value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna, and g=1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is the number of test angles.

8. The method for designing an array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps for calculating the adjustment coefficient for each test angle in the array antenna are as follows: Perform difference analysis on the array target gain and array gain of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle; The array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle is summed and analyzed to obtain the array gain error and value of the array antenna; The array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle is respectively analyzed with the array gain error and value of the array antenna to obtain the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna.

9. The design method of array antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna are as follows: Read the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle, and perform comprehensive analysis in combination with the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna to obtain the phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; Comprehensively analyzing the initial phase value and phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; The specific formula for calculating the phase compensation value and phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: Among them, ΔXW i is the phase compensation value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, ω i is the phase compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, XWT i is the phase adjustment value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, XW i is the initial phase value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna, and g=1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is the number of test angles.

10. A design system for an array antenna, applying the design method for an array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, array analysis module, gain analysis module, judgment and adjustment analysis module; The data acquisition module is used to acquire initial data of the array antenna, wherein the initial data of the array antenna includes a number of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, an initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, an initial phase value, an antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and an antenna operating frequency value; The array analysis module is used to perform array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; The gain analysis module is used to perform gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; The judgment adjustment analysis module is used to judge and analyze the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle respectively with the preset array gain range. If the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain range, the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are adjusted and analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and repeat the array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment analysis steps until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is respectively within the preset array gain range.

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