Real-time clock monitoring method and device for power system

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time clock monitoring method and device for a power system. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a plurality of time frequency standard hierarchies for accurate time frequency transmission; the first-level time frequency standard level comprises a time frequency device, performs synchronous calibration based on a national time frequency measurement reference, and transmits a first-level time frequency standard to the second-level time frequency standard level; the second-level time frequency standard level comprises a time frequency device which receives the first-level time frequency standard, carries out calibration through the first-level time frequency standard and transmits a second-level time frequency standard to the third-level time frequency standard level; the third-level time frequency standard level comprises a time frequency device, receives a second-level precise time frequency standard, carries out calibration through the second-level precise time frequency standard, and transmits a third-level time frequency standard to the fourth-level time frequency standard level; the fourth-level time frequency standard level comprises a plurality of application terminals, and calibration is carried out through a third-level time frequency standard, so that each application terminal keeps an accurate time frequency standard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system time synchronization and monitoring, and more specifically, to a power system real-time clock monitoring method and device. Background Art

[0002] In modern power systems, the basis for ensuring the safety of power grid operation and fair power market transactions relies on accurate time and frequency measurement and synchronization. Although traditional technologies such as NTP can provide basic time synchronization, they are often challenged in large-scale applications due to insufficient synchronization accuracy, low real-time and system reliability, especially in remote or harsh environments where they are susceptible to interference.

[0003] Prior art 1 (application number CN202410412653.4) discloses a time frequency signal quality detection system based on an optical fiber timing system, which relates to the field of signal detection technology. It solves the problem that it can only simply determine that the signal is abnormal, but cannot timely analyze the cause of the abnormality, resulting in the same type of abnormality in the signal in the later period. Prior art 1 identifies whether the signal is a single signal abnormality or a multi-signal abnormality by analyzing the change between the time frequency signal and the oscillator curve; for a single signal abnormality, it determines whether the oscillator is abnormal by analyzing the value change of the corresponding period of the internal curve; for a multi-signal abnormality, it determines whether the signal is interfered by an external signal by analyzing the change between the curve and the oscillator curve. By gradually analyzing the abnormality of the abnormal signal, different analysis methods are used to confirm the cause of the abnormality during the quality detection process, so that the whole process of quality detection covers a wider range. However, prior art 1 mainly analyzes the cause of the signal abnormality through an algorithm, and does not mention the time synchronization of the entire system.

[0004] Prior art 2 (application number CN202010600001.5) discloses a hierarchical time and frequency system for navigation satellites, which belongs to the technical field of navigation satellite time and frequency systems. The ground operation and control system sets the week count and second count of the navigation processor, and uses the satellite-to-ground link to complete the injection of the week count and second count. The navigation processor adjusts its own week count and second count according to the injection information; the ground operation and control system corrects the navigation processor 1PPS; the navigation processor is connected to the central computer through the 1PPS signal interface, and the central computer obtains the time from the navigation processor through the bus, and then uses the 1PPS signal interface to complete the secondary precision time synchronization; the navigation processor is connected to the terminal unit through the 1PPS signal interface and the 10.23M signal interface, and the central computer distributes the secondary precision time to the terminal unit through the bus. The hierarchical time and frequency system of prior art 2 has good robustness and improves the reliability of the entire navigation satellite. However, prior art 2 mainly uses the hierarchical time and frequency system to improve the reliability of the entire satellite, but does not involve the power system.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new time-frequency data management system that integrates advanced time-frequency equipment and algorithms. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention provides a real-time clock monitoring method and device for an electric power system to solve the problem of how to accurately synchronize the time of equipment in the electric power system.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a real-time clock monitoring method for a power system, the method comprising: Establishing a plurality of time frequency standard levels for accurate time frequency transmission, the time frequency standard levels comprising: a primary time frequency standard level, a secondary time frequency standard level, a tertiary time frequency standard level, and a quaternary time frequency standard level; The first-level time and frequency standard level includes time and frequency equipment, performs synchronization calibration based on the national time and frequency metrology benchmark, and transmits the first-level time and frequency standards to the second-level time and frequency standard level based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the primary time and frequency standard transmitted by the primary time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the primary time and frequency standard, and transmits the secondary time and frequency standard to the third time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The third-level time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the second-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the second-level time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the second-level time and frequency standard, and transmits the third-level time and frequency standard to the fourth-level time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The four-level time and frequency standard layer includes multiple application terminals, which receive the third-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the third-level time and frequency standard layer through a power line carrier, and calibrate using the third-level time and frequency standard so that each application terminal maintains an accurate time and frequency standard.

[0008] Preferably, the multi-source time synchronization method includes: satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization and precision time protocol synchronization; and the multi-source time synchronization methods are automatically switched.

[0009] Preferably, the satellite time synchronization includes: The satellite timing technology is used to transmit the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard via ultra-short waves.

[0010] Preferably, the network time synchronization includes: Based on the NTP protocol, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted through a network.

[0011] Preferably, the precision time protocol synchronization includes: Based on the PTP protocol defined by the IEEE 1588 standard, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes data fusion of the primary time frequency standard, the secondary time frequency standard and the tertiary time frequency standard; the data fusion includes: data layer fusion, feature layer fusion and decision layer fusion; The data layer fusion is to perform time sequence alignment, data cleaning, format unification and data completion on the first-level time and frequency standard, the second-level time and frequency standard and the third-level time and frequency standard; The feature layer fusion is to extract key feature parameters, reduce data dimension, establish data feature association and assign weights to the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard; The decision-making layer fusion is to conduct confidence assessment on the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard, and make decisions based on a weighted voting mechanism and historical case library optimization.

[0013] Preferably, the time and frequency equipment of the first-level time and frequency standard layer includes a type I satellite common view system, a rubidium clock and a cesium clock; The time and frequency equipment of the secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a type II satellite common view system and an atomic clock; The time and frequency equipment of the three-level time and frequency standard layer includes type III remote time and frequency equipment.

[0014] Preferably, the method further comprises diagnosing monitoring data of the time-frequency device: the monitoring data comprises: time synchronization accuracy, frequency deviation, phase error, clock offset, and punctuality performance; Establishing a feature space of the monitoring data, and based on the feature space, identifying abnormal operation of the time-frequency device by using a clustering algorithm and a density estimation algorithm; or Acquire the timing characteristics of the normal operation mode of the time-frequency device through historical operation data based on the deep learning model, and identify the abnormal operation of the time-frequency device based on the timing characteristics; Preferably, the method further comprises diagnosing abnormal operation of the time-frequency device: Based on the preset mapping relationship between abnormal operation and fault cause, the fault cause of the time-frequency device is located.

[0015] Preferably, the method further comprises providing an early warning for abnormal operation: Based on the preset warning threshold of the multi-level warning system, warnings are issued for identified abnormal operations.

[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises: Pushing the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard, and the tertiary time and frequency standard through a timing service interface that defines a standard; Pushing the monitoring data of the time-frequency device through a defined standard monitoring data interface; The warning for the time-frequency device is pushed through a defined standard warning information push interface.

[0017] Based on another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a real-time clock monitoring device for an electric power system, the device comprising a plurality of time frequency standard levels: the time frequency standard levels comprising: a first level time frequency standard level, a second level time frequency standard level, a third level time frequency standard level and a fourth level time frequency standard level; The first-level time and frequency standard level includes time and frequency equipment, performs synchronization calibration based on the national time and frequency metrology benchmark, and transmits the first-level time and frequency standards to the second-level time and frequency standard level based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the primary time and frequency standard transmitted by the primary time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the primary time and frequency standard, and transmits the secondary time and frequency standard to the third time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The third-level time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the second-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the second-level time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the second-level time and frequency standard, and transmits the third-level time and frequency standard to the fourth-level time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The four-level time and frequency standard layer includes multiple application terminals, which receive the third-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the third-level time and frequency standard layer through a power line carrier, and calibrate using the third-level time and frequency standard so that each application terminal maintains an accurate time and frequency standard.

[0018] Preferably, the multi-source time synchronization method includes: satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization and precision time protocol synchronization; and the multi-source time synchronization methods are automatically switched.

[0019] Preferably, the satellite time synchronization includes: The satellite timing technology is used to transmit the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard via ultra-short waves.

[0020] Preferably, the network time synchronization includes: Based on the NTP protocol, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted through a network.

[0021] Preferably, the precision time protocol synchronization includes: Based on the PTP protocol defined by the IEEE 1588 standard, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted.

[0022] Preferably, it also includes a data fusion system for fusing the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard; the data fusion includes: data layer fusion, feature layer fusion and decision layer fusion; The data layer fusion is to perform time sequence alignment, data cleaning, format unification and data completion on the first-level time and frequency standard, the second-level time and frequency standard and the third-level time and frequency standard; The feature layer fusion is to extract key feature parameters, reduce data dimension, establish data feature association and assign weights to the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard; The decision-making layer fusion is to conduct confidence assessment on the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard, and make decisions based on a weighted voting mechanism and historical case library optimization.

[0023] Preferably, the time and frequency equipment of the first-level time and frequency standard layer includes a type I satellite common view system, a rubidium clock and a cesium clock; The time and frequency equipment of the secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a type II satellite common view system and an atomic clock; The time and frequency equipment of the three-level time and frequency standard layer includes type III remote time and frequency equipment.

[0024] Preferably, it also includes a monitoring system for diagnosing monitoring data of the time and frequency equipment: the monitoring data includes: time synchronization accuracy, frequency deviation, phase error, clock offset, and punctuality performance; Establishing a feature space of the monitoring data, and based on the feature space, identifying abnormal operation of the time-frequency device by using a clustering algorithm and a density estimation algorithm; or Acquire the timing characteristics of the normal operation mode of the time-frequency device through historical operation data based on the deep learning model, and identify the abnormal operation of the time-frequency device based on the timing characteristics; Preferably, it also includes a diagnostic system for diagnosing abnormal operation of the time-frequency device: Based on the preset mapping relationship between abnormal operation and fault cause, the fault cause of the time-frequency device is located.

[0025] Preferably, it also includes an early warning system for warning of abnormal operation: Based on the preset warning threshold of the multi-level warning system, warnings are issued for identified abnormal operations.

[0026] Preferably, the device includes: a timing service interface, a monitoring data interface, and an early warning information push interface; Pushing the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard, and the tertiary time and frequency standard through a timing service interface that defines a standard; Pushing the monitoring data of the time-frequency device through a defined standard monitoring data interface; The warning for the time-frequency device is pushed through a defined standard warning information push interface.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention provides a method and device for real-time clock monitoring of an electric power system, wherein the method comprises: establishing multiple time and frequency standard levels for accurate time and frequency transmission, the time and frequency standard levels comprising: a first-level time and frequency standard level, a second-level time and frequency standard level, a third-level time and frequency standard level and a fourth-level time and frequency standard level; the first-level time and frequency standard level comprises time and frequency equipment, performs synchronization calibration based on the national time and frequency measurement benchmark, and transmits the first-level time and frequency standard to the second-level time and frequency standard level based on a multi-source time synchronization method; the second-level time and frequency standard level comprises time and frequency equipment, receives the first-level time and frequency transmitted by the first-level time and frequency standard level through satellite common view technology; The rate standard is calibrated by the first-level time and frequency standard, and the second-level time and frequency standard is transmitted to the third-level time and frequency standard level based on the multi-source time synchronization method; the third-level time and frequency standard level includes time and frequency equipment, which receives the second-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the second-level time and frequency standard level through the satellite common view technology, calibrates by the second-level time and frequency standard, and transmits the third-level time and frequency standard to the fourth-level time and frequency standard level based on the multi-source time synchronization method; the fourth-level time and frequency standard level includes multiple application terminals, which receive the third-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the third-level time and frequency standard level through the power line carrier, and calibrates by the third-level time and frequency standard, so that each application terminal maintains the accurate time and frequency standard. The technical solution of the present invention aims to achieve a significant improvement in the time synchronization accuracy and reliability of equipment in the power system through real-time monitoring technology and high-precision time synchronization methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] A more complete understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be obtained by referring to the following drawings: Figure 1 A flow chart of a real-time clock monitoring method for a power system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of link access of level 3 and level 4 time-frequency devices according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A block diagram of a multi-source time synchronization technology according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A block diagram of a real-time clock monitoring device for a power system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 5 A flow chart of source-grid-load-storage collaboration supported by a real-time clock monitoring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Now, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to disclose the present invention in detail and completely and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terms used in the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the present invention. In the accompanying drawings, the same units / elements are marked with the same reference numerals.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the terms (including technical terms) used herein have the commonly understood meanings to those skilled in the art. In addition, it is understood that the terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have the same meanings as those in the context of the relevant fields, and should not be understood as idealized or overly formal meanings.

[0031] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for real-time clock monitoring in a power system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Time synchronization technologies in the prior art, such as NTP, face the problems of insufficient synchronization accuracy, low real-time performance and system reliability in large-scale power system applications, especially being susceptible to interference in remote or harsh environments. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention designs a real-time clock monitoring method for a power system, specifically a set of time-frequency equipment that combines timing accuracy and timekeeping accuracy that are superior to the domestic level, multi-source time synchronization technology, cloud computing platform support, and powerful data processing and intelligent analysis functions, aiming to achieve accurate management, real-time monitoring, and intelligent diagnosis of time-frequency values. The present invention can not only improve the accuracy and reliability of time synchronization, but also realize real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis of power systems, thereby significantly improving the safety, reliability, and intelligence level of the power grid, ensuring the fairness and equity of transactions in the power market, and promoting the sustainable development of the power industry.

[0033] The present invention comprehensively solves the following problems through high-precision time and frequency equipment, multi-source time synchronization technology, support of cloud computing platform, and powerful data processing and intelligent analysis functions, significantly improves the safety, reliability and intelligence level of the power grid, ensures fairness and justice in the power market, and supports the sustainable development of the power industry: (1) Insufficient synchronization accuracy: Traditional time synchronization technologies such as NTP are usually unable to achieve the required high-precision synchronization standards in large-scale power systems. This problem is particularly critical in ensuring the accuracy of power operations and the accurate execution of power market transactions; (2) Low real-time and reliability: Existing time synchronization methods often fail to meet the requirements of efficient power grid management and stable operation in terms of real-time and reliability. In remote or harsh environments, the system is more susceptible to external interference, resulting in time synchronization failure or reduced accuracy; (3) Lack of real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis capabilities: The power system lacks methods that can monitor and intelligently diagnose time and frequency data in real time. This limits the ability to respond quickly to system anomalies, increases the risk of system failures, and may lead to power supply interruptions or instability; (4) Challenges in heterogeneous data management: Due to the diverse sources of power system time and frequency data, existing methods often find it difficult to effectively integrate and manage these heterogeneous data, which not only affects the accuracy and consistency of the data, but also reduces the efficiency of data analysis and decision-making.

[0034] The present invention provides a real-time clock monitoring method for an electric power system. The real-time clock monitoring method for an electric power system is formed by integrating advanced time and frequency equipment, multi-source time synchronization technology, cloud computing platform support, and powerful data processing and intelligent analysis functions. The method can not only improve the accuracy and reliability of time synchronization, but also realize real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis, thereby improving the safety, reliability and intelligence level of the power grid, ensuring the fairness and justice of the power market, and promoting the sustainable development of the power industry.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time clock monitoring method for a power system, the method comprising: Step 101: establishing multiple time frequency standard levels for accurate time frequency transmission, the time frequency standard levels including: a first level time frequency standard level, a second level time frequency standard level, a third level time frequency standard level, and a fourth level time frequency standard level; Step 102: The primary time and frequency standard layer includes time and frequency equipment, performs synchronization calibration based on the national time and frequency measurement benchmark, and transmits the primary time and frequency standard to the secondary time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; Preferably, the multi-source time synchronization method includes: satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization and precision time protocol synchronization; and automatic switching between the multi-source time synchronization methods.

[0036] Preferably, satellite time synchronization includes: Utilizing satellite timing technology, the primary, secondary and tertiary time and frequency standards are transmitted via ultra-short waves.

[0037] Preferably, network time synchronization includes: Based on the NTP protocol, the primary time and frequency standards, the secondary time and frequency standards, and the tertiary time and frequency standards are transmitted through the network.

[0038] Preferably, the precision time protocol synchronization includes: Based on the PTP protocol defined in the IEEE 1588 standard, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard, and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted.

[0039] Step 103: The secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the primary time and frequency standard transmitted by the primary time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the primary time and frequency standard, and transmits the secondary time and frequency standard to the tertiary time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; Step 104: The third-level time and frequency standard layer includes time and frequency equipment, which receives the second-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the second-level time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the second-level time and frequency standard, and transmits the third-level time and frequency standard to the fourth-level time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; Step 105: The fourth-level time and frequency standard layer includes multiple application terminals, which receive the third-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the third-level time and frequency standard layer through the power line carrier, and calibrate with the third-level time and frequency standard so that each application terminal maintains the precise time and frequency standard.

[0040] Preferably, it also includes data fusion of the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard; the data fusion includes: data layer fusion, feature layer fusion and decision layer fusion; Data layer fusion is to perform time alignment, data cleaning, format unification and data completion for the first-level time and frequency standards, the second-level time and frequency standards and the third-level time and frequency standards; Feature layer fusion is to extract key feature parameters, reduce data dimension, establish data feature association and assign weights for the first-level time and frequency standard, the second-level time and frequency standard and the third-level time and frequency standard; The decision-making layer integrates the confidence assessment of the first-level time-frequency standard, the second-level time-frequency standard, and the third-level time-frequency standard, and makes decisions based on the weighted voting mechanism and the optimization of the historical case library.

[0041] Preferably, the time and frequency equipment of the first-level time and frequency standard layer includes a type I satellite common-view system, a rubidium clock, and a cesium clock; wherein the type I satellite common-view system adopts the highest national time and frequency standard; The time and frequency equipment at the second-level time and frequency standard level includes the Type II satellite common-view system and atomic clock; among which, the Type II satellite common-view system adopts the provincial time and frequency standard; the time and frequency equipment at the third-level time and frequency standard level includes the Type III remote time and frequency equipment. Among them, the Type III remote time and frequency equipment is the common-view station / factory station timing terminal and the carrier time and frequency module; The high-precision time and frequency equipment of the present invention: The real-time clock monitoring method of the power system adopts high-precision time and frequency equipment as the core component, and designs three-level and four-level high-precision time and frequency equipment based on satellite common-view technology and power line carrier technology to form a complete time and frequency transmission link. The three-level equipment "common-view time and frequency terminal" receives the time and frequency signal of the previous level through satellite common-view technology, and is mainly responsible for reprocessing the received synchronization signal. It has technical characteristics such as timing accuracy not less than 100ns, strong temperature compensation capability, and local self-timekeeping capability not less than 0.1ms / day. The four-level equipment "cross-time and frequency value precise synchronization module" serves as the time terminal, receives the time and frequency signal of the previous level through the power line carrier, and is directly related to the terminal user. It has the characteristics of strong real-time performance, timing accuracy not less than 0.5ms, and local self-timekeeping capability not less than 0.1s / day, ensuring the precise time synchronization of the terminal equipment. These devices are connected to the State Grid Corporation's time and frequency center and the provincial / professional highest time and frequency standards through advanced time and frequency synchronization technology, effective hierarchical structure and time and frequency management strategies to build a complete power topology network, which can provide real-time feedback and calibration of the time in the power system, optimize the performance and efficiency of the entire power system, significantly improve the reliability of the system and reduce maintenance costs. Figure 2 shown.

[0042] The multi-source time synchronization technology of the present invention is a key means to achieve high-precision time and frequency transmission. This technology includes satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization (NTP), precision time protocol (PTP) and other methods. Figure 3 As shown. ① Satellite time synchronization: Using satellite timing technology, the time signal is transmitted through ultra-short waves to achieve precise clock synchronization on a global scale. Through the common view method, the system error and the error that changes slowly over time are eliminated, and the timing accuracy is improved. This method is suitable for long-distance, high-precision time synchronization needs. ② Network time synchronization (NTP): Based on the NTP protocol, a unified and standard time is transmitted through the network. The time synchronization service provided by the NTP server can enable the device clock system to operate correctly, and its accuracy in the local area network can reach 0.1ms, and its accuracy on the Internet can reach 1-50ms. The advantages of the NTP protocol are its wide applicability and high accuracy. Precision Time Protocol (PTP): The PTP protocol defined by the IEEE 1588 standard achieves nanosecond synchronization accuracy through a master-slave synchronization system. PTP does not require additional network synchronization equipment, occupies less resources, and is suitable for measurement and control systems that require high-precision synchronization. Through these multi-source time synchronization technologies, high-precision time and frequency synchronization can be achieved in different application scenarios, providing a unified time reference for various distributed systems, and ensuring the coordination and stable operation of the present invention. Preferably, the method further comprises diagnosing monitoring data of the time and frequency equipment: the monitoring data comprises: time synchronization accuracy, frequency deviation, phase error, clock offset, and punctuality performance; Establish a feature space of monitoring data, and based on the feature space, identify abnormal operation of time-frequency equipment through clustering algorithm and density estimation algorithm; or Based on the deep learning model, the time series characteristics of the normal operation mode of the time-frequency equipment are obtained through historical operation data, and the abnormal operation of the time-frequency equipment is identified based on the time series characteristics; Preferably, the method further comprises diagnosing abnormal operation of the time-frequency device: Based on the preset mapping relationship between abnormal operation and fault cause, the fault cause of the time and frequency equipment is located.

[0043] Preferably, the method further comprises early warning of abnormal operation: Based on the preset warning threshold of the multi-level warning system, warnings are issued for identified abnormal operations.

[0044] Preferably, the method further comprises: Push the primary time and frequency standards, secondary time and frequency standards, and tertiary time and frequency standards through the defined standard timing service interface; Push monitoring data of time and frequency equipment through defined standard monitoring data interface; Push warnings to time-frequency devices through the defined standard warning information push interface.

[0045] In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of time synchronization in the power system, realize real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis functions, and enhance the safety, reliability and intelligence level of the power grid, the present invention designs the following time-frequency system block diagram.

[0046] In modern smart grids, the present invention provides a best practice example of a real-time clock monitoring method. The present invention can be widely deployed in the State Grid Corporation of China, and is mainly used in key links such as time synchronization, real-time monitoring, and intelligent diagnosis of power systems. The present invention combines high-precision time and frequency equipment, multi-source time synchronization technology, and a powerful cloud computing platform, aiming to achieve high-precision time synchronization of all nodes in the power grid, real-time monitoring of the entire chain of time and frequency data, and intelligent diagnosis through the efficient computing power and multi-source data fusion technology of the cloud computing platform. Figure 5 Through the application of these technologies, the present invention significantly improves the safety, reliability and intelligence level of power grid operation, ensures the fairness and transparency of power market transactions, and promotes technological innovation and sustainable development of the power industry.

[0047] The present invention achieves high-precision time and frequency synchronization from the national level to the terminal equipment by establishing a hierarchical architecture of time and frequency standards from level one to level four. The first-level national time and frequency standard is composed of a type I satellite common view system, a rubidium clock, a cesium clock and a satellite common view integrated management system. It is synchronized and calibrated through the national time and frequency measurement standard (UTC (NIM)) to ensure the accuracy of the highest level of time and frequency standards, and pass down the precise time and frequency standards. The second-level provincial time and frequency standard includes a type II satellite common view system, a multi-source integrated switching system and an atomic clock. It is responsible for calibrating through the first-level standard in various application sites of provincial power companies or national power grids to ensure the accuracy of provincial standards and provide accurate time and frequency standards for provincial power system applications. The third-level time and frequency standard is used for power substations and plant terminals. It adopts a type III remote time and frequency device and an optical fiber transmission system, and is calibrated through the provincial standard to provide accurate time and frequency synchronization for terminal equipment. The fourth-level application terminal includes a charging pile, a lightning warning device and an electric energy meter. It is calibrated through the third-level standard to ensure the time and frequency accuracy of each terminal device, realize the time and frequency synchronization and monitoring of the terminal time equipment, and ensure the accurate operation of the terminal equipment.

[0048] The real-time clock monitoring method for the electric power system of the present invention adopts high-precision time and frequency equipment as the core component, and designs three-level and four-level high-precision time and frequency equipment based on satellite common-view technology and power line carrier technology to form a complete time and frequency transmission link. The three-level device "common-view time and frequency terminal" receives the time and frequency signal of the previous level through satellite common-view technology, and is mainly responsible for reprocessing the received synchronization signal. It has technical characteristics such as timing accuracy not less than 100ns, strong temperature compensation capability, and local self-timekeeping capability not less than 0.1ms / day. The four-level device "time and frequency value precise synchronization module prototype" serves as the time terminal, receives the time and frequency signal of the previous level through the power line carrier, and is directly related to the terminal user. It has the characteristics of strong real-time performance, timing accuracy not less than 0.5ms, and local self-timekeeping capability not less than 0.1s / day, ensuring the precise time synchronization of the terminal equipment. These devices are connected to the State Grid Corporation's time and frequency center and provincial / professional highest time and frequency standards through advanced time and frequency synchronization technology, effective hierarchical structure and time and frequency management strategies to build a complete power topology network. They can provide real-time feedback and calibration of time in the power system, optimize the performance and efficiency of the entire power system, significantly improve system reliability and reduce maintenance costs.

[0049] The multi-source time synchronization technology of the present invention is a key means to achieve high-precision time and frequency transmission. The technology includes satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization (NTP), precision time protocol (PTP) and other methods. Satellite time synchronization uses satellite timing technology to transmit time signals through ultra-short waves to achieve global precision clock synchronization. Through the common view method, system errors and errors that change slowly over time are eliminated to improve the timing accuracy. This method is suitable for long-distance, high-precision time synchronization requirements. Network time synchronization (NTP) is based on the NTP protocol and transmits unified and standard time through the network. The time synchronization service provided by the NTP server can enable the device clock system to operate correctly. Its accuracy in the local area network can reach 0.1ms, and its accuracy on the Internet can reach 1-50ms. The advantages of the NTP protocol are wide applicability and high accuracy. The precision time protocol (PTP) is the PTP protocol defined by the IEEE 1588 standard. Through the master-slave synchronization system, nanosecond synchronization accuracy is achieved. PTP does not require additional network synchronization equipment, occupies less resources, and is suitable for measurement and control systems that require high-precision synchronization. The system also adopts a multi-source integrated switching mechanism, which can quickly switch to other timing sources when a timing source fails, ensuring the continuity and reliability of time and frequency standards.

[0050] The multi-source data fusion technology of the present invention plays a vital role in the time-frequency data management system. Its core lies in integrating time-frequency data from different sources and in different formats to form a unified data view, thereby improving the accuracy, consistency and availability of data. It includes system data flow design, data fusion design and data standardization design.

[0051] The multi-source data fusion technology of the present invention plays a vital role in time-frequency data management. Its core lies in integrating time-frequency data from different sources and in different formats to form a unified data view, thereby improving the accuracy, consistency and availability of the data. The system design includes: system data flow design, establishing a complete process of data acquisition, transmission, storage, processing and application to ensure the real-time and integrity of the data; data fusion design, adopting a multi-level data fusion architecture, including data layer fusion, feature layer fusion and decision layer fusion, and improving the reliability and accuracy of the data through multi-source data association analysis; data standardization design, formulating a unified data format, coding standard and exchange protocol to ensure the consistency and interoperability of data from different sources. Through these designs, efficient management of heterogeneous time-frequency data is achieved, providing data support for real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis of time-frequency systems.

[0052] The multi-source data fusion processing of the present invention plays a core role in the real-time clock monitoring method of the power system, mainly solving the problem of heterogeneous data integration from different time and frequency data sources. The present invention obtains data from a four-level hierarchical architecture: national time and frequency standards, provincial standards, power substations and plant terminals (Type III remote time and frequency devices) and application terminals. To ensure the real-time nature of the data, the system adopts distributed data acquisition architecture, high-precision timestamp marking, data pipeline processing, low-latency transmission protocol and edge computing preprocessing.

[0053] The present invention realizes a three-level fusion architecture. In the data layer fusion, time series alignment, data cleaning, format unification and data completion are performed; in the feature layer fusion, key feature parameters are extracted, dimension reduction processing is performed, feature association relationships are established and weights are assigned; in the decision layer fusion, the results of multiple analysis models are integrated, confidence is evaluated, a weighted voting mechanism is adopted and decisions are optimized in combination with a historical case library. The association analysis of multi-source data is realized through technical means such as spatiotemporal association models, causal relationship mining, correlation analysis, abnormal propagation path tracking and deep learning.

[0054] Real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis functions are important components of the present invention. The present invention realizes real-time monitoring and data collection by establishing an electric energy meter test bench, a monitoring platform and an intelligent diagnosis system. Using big data analysis technology, the collected data is intelligently diagnosed, abnormal problems are discovered and solved in time, and the stable operation of the power system is guaranteed. The construction includes: a multidimensional anomaly detection model, which identifies abnormal patterns and trends based on the multidimensional characteristics of time-frequency data; a deep learning recognition algorithm, which learns normal and abnormal patterns from massive historical data to improve the accuracy of anomaly identification; a fault diagnosis method, which establishes a time-frequency system fault tree model and a case library to accelerate the location of the cause of the fault; an early warning mechanism, which sets up a multi-level early warning system and dynamic threshold adjustment to ensure timely handling of anomalies. These functions not only improve the safety and reliability of the power grid, but also enhance the level of intelligence of the power grid. The present invention mainly collects multidimensional data such as time synchronization accuracy, frequency deviation, phase error, clock offset, punctuality performance and power equipment status, which are derived from time-frequency equipment and power terminals at all levels. The present invention uses a multidimensional anomaly detection model to construct a feature space based on time-frequency data, including features such as frequency stability, Allan variance, and time deviation trend, and identifies abnormal points and trends that are different from the normal operating mode through clustering algorithms and density estimation methods; at the same time, based on deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks, the present invention automatically learns the timing characteristics of the normal operating mode from massive historical operating data, and can identify subtle deviations and potential problems, greatly improving the sensitivity and accuracy of anomaly identification. The present invention locates the cause of the failure of the time-frequency equipment based on the preset mapping relationship between abnormal operation and the cause of the failure; the present invention also establishes a multi-level early warning system including equipment level, station level and system level, adopts a dynamic threshold adjustment strategy to intelligently adjust the early warning threshold according to the system operation status, and discovers potential problems in advance through predictive analysis to ensure that the anomaly is handled in time before affecting the stability of the system.

[0055] The present invention is a source-grid-load-storage collaborative control method based on high-precision time synchronization. The present invention provides a unified high-precision time reference for the power supply side, the grid side, the load side and the energy storage side as the basis for collaborative control. Based on this reference, a source-grid-load-storage collaborative control strategy is developed to achieve precise coordination and optimized operation of each link. The control method includes: unified time reference to ensure that all control points use the same time reference; instruction timing management to accurately control the operation timing of each link to avoid control conflicts caused by time asynchrony; scenario-based accuracy configuration to optimize the configuration of synchronization resources according to the differentiated requirements for time synchronization accuracy in different application scenarios (such as power market transactions, relay protection, and synchronous phasor measurement); system interface design to define standard interfaces and service models to simplify the integration of time synchronization systems and power control systems. Through precise time synchronization, all links of the power grid can operate in a coordinated manner, which is conducive to the stable and safe operation of the power grid and meets the development needs of modern power systems. In terms of time base unification, the present invention adopts the type I satellite common view system to synchronize the national time and frequency measurement base UTC (NIM), and transmits it to the fourth-level application terminal through the second-level provincial standard and the third-level station area / plant station standard to build a complete time traceability chain; at the same time, multi-source time synchronization technology (satellite time synchronization, NTP and PTP protocols) and multi-source comprehensive switching mechanism are used to ensure the continuity and reliability of time and frequency standards. The present invention realizes scenario-based precision configuration according to the differentiated needs of different application scenarios - providing millisecond-level precision for power market transactions, microsecond-level precision for relay protection configuration, and nanosecond-level high-precision time synchronization for synchronized phasor measurement units. By accurately evaluating the precision requirements of each application, the time and frequency resources are optimized and allocated to ensure the maximum resource utilization efficiency. In terms of interface design, standardized service models and interface specifications are defined, including timing service interface, monitoring data exchange interface and warning information push interface. The modular design concept and service-oriented architecture are adopted, which not only supports the docking of traditional SCADA systems, but also is compatible with modern microservice architecture, greatly simplifying the integration difficulty of time synchronization system and power control device.

[0056] Figure 4 The figure is a block diagram of a real-time clock monitoring device for an electric power system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time clock monitoring device for a power system, the device includes multiple time frequency standard levels: the time frequency standard level includes: a first-level time frequency standard level, a second-level time frequency standard level, a third-level time frequency standard level and a fourth-level time frequency standard level; The primary time and frequency standard level includes time and frequency equipment, which is synchronized and calibrated based on the national time and frequency measurement benchmark, and transmits the primary time and frequency standards to the secondary time and frequency standard level based on the multi-source time synchronization method; Preferably, the multi-source time synchronization method includes: satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization and precision time protocol synchronization; and automatic switching between the multi-source time synchronization methods.

[0058] Preferably, satellite time synchronization includes: Utilizing satellite timing technology, the primary, secondary and tertiary time and frequency standards are transmitted via ultra-short waves.

[0059] Preferably, network time synchronization includes: Based on the NTP protocol, the primary time and frequency standards, the secondary time and frequency standards, and the tertiary time and frequency standards are transmitted through the network.

[0060] Preferably, the precision time protocol synchronization includes: Based on the PTP protocol defined in the IEEE 1588 standard, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard, and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted.

[0061] The secondary time and frequency standard layer includes time and frequency equipment, which receives the primary time and frequency standards transmitted by the primary time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the primary time and frequency standards, and transmits the secondary time and frequency standards to the tertiary time and frequency standard layer based on the multi-source time synchronization method; The third-level time and frequency standard layer includes time and frequency equipment, which receives the second-level time and frequency standards transmitted by the second-level time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the second-level time and frequency standards, and transmits the third-level time and frequency standards to the fourth-level time and frequency standard layer based on the multi-source time synchronization method; The fourth-level time and frequency standard layer includes multiple application terminals, which receive the third-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the third-level time and frequency standard layer through the power line carrier, and calibrate with the third-level time and frequency standard, so that each application terminal maintains the precise time and frequency standard.

[0062] Preferably, it also includes a data fusion system for fusing the primary time frequency standard, the secondary time frequency standard and the tertiary time frequency standard; the data fusion includes: data layer fusion, feature layer fusion and decision layer fusion; Data layer fusion is to perform time alignment, data cleaning, format unification and data completion for the first-level time and frequency standards, the second-level time and frequency standards and the third-level time and frequency standards; Feature layer fusion is to extract key feature parameters, reduce data dimension, establish data feature association and assign weights for the first-level time and frequency standard, the second-level time and frequency standard and the third-level time and frequency standard; The decision-making layer integrates the confidence assessment of the first-level time-frequency standard, the second-level time-frequency standard, and the third-level time-frequency standard, and makes decisions based on the weighted voting mechanism and the optimization of the historical case library.

[0063] Preferably, the time and frequency equipment of the first-level time and frequency standard layer includes a type I satellite common-view system, a rubidium clock, a cesium clock and a satellite common-view integrated management system; The time and frequency equipment at the secondary time and frequency standard level includes the Type II satellite common-view system, multi-source integrated switching system and atomic clock; The time and frequency equipment of the third-level time and frequency standard layer includes Type III remote time and frequency equipment and optical fiber transmission system.

[0064] Preferably, it also includes a monitoring system for diagnosing the monitoring data of the time and frequency equipment: the monitoring data includes: time synchronization accuracy, frequency deviation, phase error, clock offset, and punctuality performance; Establish a feature space of monitoring data, and based on the feature space, identify abnormal operation of time-frequency equipment through clustering algorithm and density estimation algorithm; or Based on the deep learning model, the time series characteristics of the normal operation mode of the time-frequency equipment are obtained through historical operation data, and the abnormal operation of the time-frequency equipment is identified based on the time series characteristics; Preferably, it also includes a diagnostic system for diagnosing abnormal operation of the time-frequency device: The fault causes of time-frequency equipment are located through the hierarchical fault tree model based on the preset mapping relationship between abnormal operation and fault causes.

[0065] Preferably, it also includes an early warning system for warning of abnormal operation: Based on the preset warning threshold of the multi-level warning system, warnings are issued for identified abnormal operations.

[0066] Preferably, the device includes: a timing service interface, a monitoring data interface, and an early warning information push interface; Push the primary time and frequency standards, secondary time and frequency standards, and tertiary time and frequency standards through the defined standard timing service interface; Push monitoring data of time and frequency equipment through defined standard monitoring data interface; Push warnings to time-frequency devices through the defined standard warning information push interface.

[0067] The device of the present invention achieves high-precision time and frequency synchronization from the national level to the terminal equipment by establishing a hierarchical architecture of time and frequency standards from level one to level four. The first-level national time and frequency standard is composed of a type I satellite common view system, a rubidium clock, a cesium clock and a satellite common view integrated management system. It is synchronized and calibrated through the national time and frequency measurement standard (UTC (NIM)) to ensure the accuracy of the highest level of time and frequency standards and pass down the precise time and frequency standards. The second-level provincial time and frequency standards include a type II satellite common view system, a multi-source integrated switching system and an atomic clock. It is responsible for calibrating through the first-level standard in various application sites of provincial power companies or national power grids to ensure the accuracy of provincial standards and provide accurate time and frequency standards for provincial power system applications. The third-level time and frequency standard is used for power substations and plant terminals. It adopts a type III remote time and frequency device and an optical fiber transmission system, and is calibrated through the provincial standard to provide accurate time and frequency synchronization for terminal equipment. The fourth-level application terminal includes a charging pile, a lightning warning device and an electric energy meter. It is calibrated through the third-level standard to ensure the time and frequency accuracy of each terminal device, realize the time and frequency synchronization and monitoring of the terminal time equipment, and ensure the accurate operation of the terminal equipment.

[0068] The present invention improves the accuracy and reliability of time synchronization of the power system through a precise time synchronization system. Through the type I, type II and type III satellite common view systems, combined with atomic clocks and optical fiber transmission technology, multi-level time and frequency synchronization is achieved from the national level to the terminal, ensuring high-precision synchronization of the entire device. At the same time, frequent comparisons and calibrations are performed between time standards at all levels to eliminate errors and maintain high-precision synchronization. In addition, a multi-source integrated switching system is used to ensure that when a certain timing source fails, it can quickly switch to other timing sources to ensure the continuity and reliability of the time and frequency standards. Through hierarchical management and multi-level calibration, the impact of single-point failures is reduced and the overall reliability of the device is improved.

[0069] Real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis functions are important components of the present invention. By establishing an electric energy meter test bench, a monitoring platform and an intelligent diagnosis system, real-time monitoring and data collection of the entire device are realized. Using big data analysis technology, the collected data is intelligently diagnosed, abnormal problems are discovered and solved in time, and the stable operation of the power system is guaranteed. These functions not only improve the safety and reliability of the power grid, but also improve the intelligence level of the power grid. Through precise time synchronization, all links of the power grid can operate in a coordinated manner, which is conducive to the stable and safe operation of the power grid. Real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis functions can detect and handle faults in time, reduce the occurrence of power outages, and improve the reliability of the power grid. In addition, through the intelligent time and frequency management system, the automation and intelligence level of the power grid is improved, the operating efficiency is improved, and the development needs of the modern power system are met. Therefore, the real-time clock monitoring device of the present invention improves the time synchronization accuracy and reliability of the power system through multi-level time and frequency standard transmission and synchronous calibration, combined with real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis technology, to ensure the safety, reliability and intelligence level of the power grid.

[0070] The real-time clock monitoring device for the power system of the present invention has the following remarkable effects: by integrating advanced time-frequency equipment, multi-source time synchronization technology and cloud computing platform, high-precision time synchronization of nodes at all levels in the power system is achieved, significantly improving the safety and reliability of power grid operation; the present invention utilizes powerful data processing and intelligent analysis functions to monitor the time-frequency data in real time throughout the entire chain, and quickly identifies and handles abnormal situations through intelligent diagnosis modules to ensure the stable operation of the power system; in addition, through the efficient integration and management of multi-source heterogeneous time-frequency data, a unified data standard and format is provided to facilitate data storage, processing and analysis, thereby comprehensively improving the intelligence level and operation efficiency of the power system. These integrated functions not only enhance the real-time and reliability of the power system, but also ensure the fairness and equity of power market transactions, and promote the sustainable development of the power industry.

[0071] A real-time clock monitoring device for a power system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention corresponds to a real-time clock monitoring method for a power system according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0072] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes. The solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in various computer languages, for example, object-oriented programming language Java and interpreted scripting language JavaScript, etc.

[0073] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0074] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0075] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0076] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0077] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

[0078] The invention has been described above with reference to a few embodiments. However, it is readily apparent to a person skilled in the art that other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended patent claims.

[0079] Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a / said / the [means, components, etc.]" are to be openly interpreted as at least one instance of the means, components, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not necessarily have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Claims

1. A method for real-time clock monitoring of a power system, the method comprising: Establishing a plurality of time frequency standard levels for accurate time frequency transmission, the time frequency standard levels comprising: a primary time frequency standard level, a secondary time frequency standard level, a tertiary time frequency standard level, and a quaternary time frequency standard level; The first-level time and frequency standard level includes time and frequency equipment, performs synchronization calibration based on the national time and frequency metrology benchmark, and transmits the first-level time and frequency standards to the second-level time and frequency standard level based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the primary time and frequency standard transmitted by the primary time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the primary time and frequency standard, and transmits the secondary time and frequency standard to the third time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The third-level time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the second-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the second-level time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the second-level time and frequency standard, and transmits the third-level time and frequency standard to the fourth-level time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The four-level time and frequency standard layer includes multiple application terminals, which receive the third-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the third-level time and frequency standard layer through a power line carrier, and calibrate using the third-level time and frequency standard so that each application terminal maintains an accurate time and frequency standard.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-source time synchronization method comprises: Satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization and precision time protocol synchronization; Automatically switch between the multi-source time synchronization methods.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the satellite time synchronization comprises: The satellite timing technology is used to transmit the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard via ultra-short waves.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the network time synchronization comprises: Based on the NTP protocol, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted through a network.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the precision time protocol synchronization comprises: Based on the PTP protocol defined by the IEEE 1588 standard, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising fusing data of the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard; the data fusion comprising: Data layer fusion, feature layer fusion, and decision layer fusion; The data layer fusion is to perform time sequence alignment, data cleaning, format unification and data completion on the first-level time and frequency standard, the second-level time and frequency standard and the third-level time and frequency standard; The feature layer fusion is to extract key feature parameters, reduce data dimension, establish data feature association and assign weights to the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard; The decision-making layer fusion is to conduct confidence assessment on the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard, and make decisions based on a weighted voting mechanism and historical case library optimization.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time and frequency equipment of the first-level time and frequency standard layer includes a type I satellite common view system, a rubidium clock and a cesium clock; The time and frequency equipment of the secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a type II satellite common view system and an atomic clock; The time and frequency equipment of the three-level time and frequency standard layer includes type III remote time and frequency equipment.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising diagnosing monitoring data of the time-frequency device: the monitoring data comprises: Time synchronization accuracy, frequency deviation, phase error, clock offset, and punctuality performance; Establishing a feature space of the monitoring data, and based on the feature space, identifying abnormal operation of the time-frequency device by using a clustering algorithm and a density estimation algorithm; or Based on the deep learning model, the timing characteristics of the normal operation mode of the time-frequency device are obtained through historical operation data, and based on the timing characteristics, the abnormal operation of the time-frequency device is identified.

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising diagnosing abnormal operation of the time-frequency device: Based on the preset mapping relationship between abnormal operation and fault cause, the fault cause of the time-frequency device is located.

10. The method according to claim 8, further comprising providing an early warning for abnormal operation: Based on the preset warning threshold of the multi-level warning system, warnings are issued for identified abnormal operations.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Pushing the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard, and the tertiary time and frequency standard through a timing service interface that defines a standard; Pushing the monitoring data of the time-frequency device through a defined standard monitoring data interface; The warning for the time-frequency device is pushed through a defined standard warning information push interface.

12. A real-time clock monitoring device for an electric power system, the device comprising a plurality of time-frequency standard levels: the time-frequency standard levels comprising: The first level of time and frequency standard level, the second level of time and frequency standard level, the third level of time and frequency standard level and the fourth level of time and frequency standard level; The first-level time and frequency standard level includes time and frequency equipment, performs synchronization calibration based on the national time and frequency metrology benchmark, and transmits the first-level time and frequency standards to the second-level time and frequency standard level based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the primary time and frequency standard transmitted by the primary time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the primary time and frequency standard, and transmits the secondary time and frequency standard to the third time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The third-level time and frequency standard layer includes a time and frequency device, which receives the second-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the second-level time and frequency standard layer through satellite common view technology, calibrates through the second-level time and frequency standard, and transmits the third-level time and frequency standard to the fourth-level time and frequency standard layer based on a multi-source time synchronization method; The four-level time and frequency standard layer includes multiple application terminals, which receive the third-level time and frequency standard transmitted by the third-level time and frequency standard layer through a power line carrier, and calibrate using the third-level time and frequency standard so that each application terminal maintains an accurate time and frequency standard.

13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the multi-source time synchronization method comprises: Satellite time synchronization, network time synchronization and precision time protocol synchronization; Automatically switch between the multi-source time synchronization methods.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the satellite time synchronization comprises: The satellite timing technology is used to transmit the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard via ultra-short waves.

15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the network time synchronization comprises: Based on the NTP protocol, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted through a network.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the precision time protocol synchronization comprises: Based on the PTP protocol defined by the IEEE 1588 standard, the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard are transmitted.

17. The device according to claim 12, further comprising a data fusion system for fusing data of the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard and the tertiary time and frequency standard; the data fusion comprises: Data layer fusion, feature layer fusion, and decision layer fusion; The data layer fusion is to perform time sequence alignment, data cleaning, format unification and data completion on the first-level time and frequency standard, the second-level time and frequency standard and the third-level time and frequency standard; The feature layer fusion is to extract key feature parameters, reduce data dimension, establish data feature association and assign weights to the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard; The decision-making layer fusion is to conduct confidence assessment on the first-level time frequency standard, the second-level time frequency standard and the third-level time frequency standard, and make decisions based on a weighted voting mechanism and historical case library optimization.

18. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the time and frequency equipment of the first-level time and frequency standard layer comprises a type I satellite common view system, a rubidium clock and a cesium clock; The time and frequency equipment of the secondary time and frequency standard layer includes a type II satellite common view system and an atomic clock; The time and frequency equipment of the three-level time and frequency standard layer includes type III remote time and frequency equipment.

19. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a monitoring system for diagnosing monitoring data of the time-frequency device: the monitoring data comprising: Time synchronization accuracy, frequency deviation, phase error, clock offset, and punctuality performance; Establishing a feature space of the monitoring data, and based on the feature space, identifying abnormal operation of the time-frequency device by using a clustering algorithm and a density estimation algorithm; or Based on the deep learning model, the timing characteristics of the normal operation mode of the time-frequency device are obtained through historical operation data, and based on the timing characteristics, the abnormal operation of the time-frequency device is identified.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising a diagnostic system for diagnosing abnormal operation of the time-frequency device: Based on the preset mapping relationship between abnormal operation and fault cause, the fault cause of the time-frequency device is located.

21. The device according to claim 19, further comprising an early warning system for early warning of abnormal operation: Based on the preset warning threshold of the multi-level warning system, warnings are issued for identified abnormal operations.

22. The apparatus according to claim 12, comprising: Timing service interface, monitoring data interface and warning information push interface; Pushing the primary time and frequency standard, the secondary time and frequency standard, and the tertiary time and frequency standard through a timing service interface that defines a standard; Pushing the monitoring data of the time-frequency device through a defined standard monitoring data interface; The warning for the time-frequency device is pushed through a defined standard warning information push interface.

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