Phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charge and release and emergency function

Abstract

The invention discloses a phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charge and release and an emergency function, a vertical tank body is divided into an upper emergency area and a lower phase change cold storage area, a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in the cold storage area along the height direction, a liquid passing hole is formed between the baffle plate positioned above the baffle plate at the lowest layer and the inner wall of the tank body, and the liquid passing hole is communicated with the liquid passing hole. The liquid passing holes of every two adjacent baffle plates are arranged in a staggered mode, a plurality of baffle channels are formed in the tank body from bottom to top, a plurality of phase change cold storage plates are horizontally stacked on each baffle plate, and a gap for a secondary refrigerant to flow is formed between every two adjacent phase change cold storage plates. And a water inlet distributor and a water outlet distributor are arranged in the emergency area. The phase change cold storage tank can meet the continuous cold release requirement of the data center and meet the emergency cold release requirement at the same time, the emergency area is arranged on the upper portion of the cold storage tank, during operation, a certain amount of low-temperature water is stored in the emergency area, and when the data center is suddenly powered off and needs emergency refrigeration, the emergency area is opened. And low-temperature water in the emergency area can be conveyed to a water cooling system of the data center in a short time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cold storage equipment, and in particular to a phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and release and emergency function. Background Art

[0002] As cloud computing infrastructure, data centers are showing an accelerated growth trend in terms of scale and number, which has driven the increase in data center IT investment and the growth of the data center computer room air conditioning market. Existing data room cooling is generally done directly through the air conditioning system. Using the air conditioning system to cool the data room requires uninterrupted normal operation of the air conditioning system. Therefore, during the peak power consumption during the day, the large amount of power consumption in the data room will increase the load on the city power supply.

[0003] If water storage is used to continuously provide cooling for more than 4 hours, it will be bulky and occupy a large area, and the water storage tank with only emergency function can only provide cooling for no more than 15 minutes. The use of phase change materials as cooling medium has the advantage of high cooling density. Emergency cooling also requires efficient heat exchange. In the phase change cooling storage device, the large and concentrated water flow cannot fully contact the phase change material for heat exchange, resulting in a single phase change cooling storage system as an emergency cooling solution. It is difficult to meet the actual requirements. The phase change cooling storage system can provide cooling continuously for more than 4 hours, but it does not have an emergency function. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art and provide a phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and releasing and emergency function. It can provide cold for more than 4 hours continuously, and the cold storage tank is small in size and has emergency function.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and releasing and emergency function, comprising a vertical tank body;

[0006] The inner part of the vertical tank body is divided into an upper emergency zone and a lower phase change cold storage zone, a water inlet is arranged on the side wall of the vertical tank body corresponding to the phase change cold storage zone, and a water outlet is arranged on the side wall corresponding to the emergency zone;

[0007] A plurality of baffles are arranged in the phase change cold storage area along its height direction, and a liquid passage hole is provided between the baffle located above the bottom baffle and the inner wall of the tank body, and the liquid passage holes of two adjacent baffles are arranged alternately, so that a plurality of baffle channels are formed inside the tank body from bottom to top;

[0008] A limiting net and a flow balancing plate are also arranged between adjacent baffles, and the flow balancing plate and the limiting net are respectively located at the inlet end and the outlet end of the flow channel;

[0009] Multiple phase-change cold storage plates are stacked horizontally on each baffle plate. The phase-change cold storage plates are located in the space surrounded by the limit net and the flow equalizing plate. There is a gap between the upper and lower adjacent cold storage plates for the circulation of the coolant.

[0010] The thickness of the phase-change cold storage plates on the same baffle plate and the gaps between adjacent phase-change cold storage plates are the same, and the thickness of the phase-change cold storage plates on different baffle plates and the gaps between adjacent phase-change cold storage plates have the following rules: from bottom to top, the thickness of the phase-change cold storage plates gradually decreases, and at the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates remains unchanged or gradually decreases;

[0011] The emergency area is provided with a water inlet distributor and a water outlet distributor;

[0012] The water inlet distributor includes a water inlet pipe and a water outlet distribution plate, the water inlet pipe is connected to the liquid hole at the top of the phase change cold storage area, and the water outlet of the water outlet distribution plate is arranged toward the baffle at the top of the phase change cold storage area;

[0013] The water outlet distributor comprises a water outlet pipe and a water inlet distribution plate. The water outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet of the vertical tank body, and the water inlet of the water inlet distribution plate is arranged toward the top of the vertical tank body.

[0014] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and emergency function: the ratio of the thickness of the phase change cold storage plate located on the same baffle plate to the distance between adjacent phase change cold storage plates is k, 1≤k≤7, and the k value is different on different baffles. The change of k value shows the following rule: from bottom to top, k gradually increases.

[0015] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and emergency function: the phase change materials of the phase change cold storage plates located on the same baffle are the same, and the phase change materials filled in the phase change cold storage plates of different baffles are different. The change of the phase change material shows the following rule: from bottom to top, the thermal conductivity of the phase change material gradually increases.

[0016] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and emergency function: the phase change cold storage plate located on the periphery is limited by positioning angle steel.

[0017] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced cold charging and releasing and emergency function: a distributor is provided at the water inlet corresponding to the cold storage area of ​​the vertical tank body.

[0018] As a further optimization of a phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and emergency function: the phase change cold storage plate includes a phase change cold storage plate body, the phase change cold storage plate body has a phase change cold storage material storage cavity, and a loading port is arranged at one end of the phase change cold storage plate body. The upper and lower surfaces of the phase change cold storage plate body are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves, and the surface of the phase change cold storage plate body is located between two adjacent guide grooves and between the outermost guide groove and the side of the body. There are a plurality of V-shaped protrusions or arc-shaped protrusions evenly distributed along its length direction.

[0019] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and has emergency function: an exhaust valve and a safety valve are arranged on the top of the vertical tank body.

[0020] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and has emergency function: the bottom baffle plate is a grid plate, and a drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the vertical tank body.

[0021] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and has emergency function: the phase change material in the cold storage plate is a hydrated salt phase change material.

[0022] As a further optimization of the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention, which has balanced charging and releasing of cold and has emergency function: the coolant is water.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The phase-change cold storage tank of the present invention utilizes the cooling water generated by the chiller to store cold during the low electricity consumption period, and during the daytime (peak electricity consumption period), the cold storage tank is used to cool the data center, thereby realizing the "peak shifting and valley filling" of electricity, improving the utilization rate of electricity during the low electricity consumption period, and reducing electricity costs.

[0025] 2. The phase change cold storage tank of the present invention can meet the emergency cooling needs of the data center. An emergency area is set on the upper part of the cold storage tank. During operation, the emergency area stores a certain amount of low-temperature water. When the data center suddenly loses power and needs emergency cooling, the water first passes through the phase change cold storage area and then enters the emergency area. The low-temperature water in the emergency area is transported to the water cooling system of the data center in a short time to ensure the safe operation of the data center.

[0026] 3. The present invention has a unique design for the thickness of the cold storage plate and the distance between the plates. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the thickness of the cold storage plate gradually becomes thinner. At the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates and the distance between adjacent cold storage plates remains unchanged or gradually decreases, so that the front and rear flow velocities of the coolant flow direction are consistent or the rear flow velocity is higher. In this way, the time for completing the cold charging can be guaranteed to be consistent, avoiding the situation where the front cold storage box completes the phase change while the rear cold storage box does not change phase, resulting in a longer cold charging time for the entire heat exchanger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the phase change cold storage tank;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the layout of the phase change cold storage plate on the baffle (Form 1);

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the layout of the phase change cold storage plate on the baffle (Form 2);

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the phase change cold storage plate (Form 1);

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the assembly state of the phase change cold storage plate (Form 1);

[0032] Figure 6 The overall structural diagram of the phase change cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0033] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the V-shaped protrusion and V-shaped groove of the phase change cold storage plate (form 2);

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the assembly state of the phase change cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0035] Fig. 9 The overall structural diagram of the phase change cold storage plate (Form 3);

[0036] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first protrusion and the second protrusion of the phase change cold storage plate (form three);

[0037] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the assembly state of the phase change cold storage plate (Form 3);

[0038] Fig.12 The overall structural diagram of the phase change cold storage plate (with avoidance groove);

[0039] Markings in the figure:

[0040] 1. Phase change cold storage plate;

[0041] 2. Diversion trough;

[0042] 3. V-shaped protrusion;

[0043] 4. V-shaped groove;

[0044] 5. The first protrusion;

[0045] 6. Second bulge;

[0046] 7. Avoidance slot;

[0047] 8. Tank body;

[0048] 801. Emergency area;

[0049] 802, phase change cold storage area;

[0050] 9. Baffle;

[0051] 10. Water inlet distributor;

[0052] 11. Water distributor;

[0053] 12. Limiting net;

[0054] 13. Positioning angle steel;

[0055] 14. Current equalizing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0057] like Figure 1-3 As shown: A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and releasing and emergency function, including a vertical tank body 8, the tank body 8 is a conventional vertical tank body 8, and the coolant (water) flows from bottom to top in the tank body 8. The interior of the vertical tank body 8 is divided into an upper emergency area 801 and a lower phase change cold storage area 802, and the side wall of the vertical tank body 8 is provided with a water inlet corresponding to the cold storage area 802, and the side wall is provided with a water outlet corresponding to the emergency area 801.

[0058] A plurality of baffles 9 are arranged along the height direction of the lower phase change cold storage zone 802. A liquid passage hole is provided between the baffle 9 above the bottommost baffle 9 and the inner wall of the tank body 8. The liquid passage holes of two adjacent baffles 9 are arranged alternately, and a plurality of baffle channels are formed from bottom to top inside the tank body 8.

[0059] A limiting net 10 and a flow balancing plate 14 are also provided between adjacent baffles 9, and the flow balancing plate 14 and the limiting net 10 are respectively located at the inlet end and the outlet end of the flow channel;

[0060] Multiple phase-change cold storage plates 1 are stacked horizontally on each baffle plate 9, and the phase-change cold storage plates 1 are all located in the space surrounded by the limiting net 10 and the flow equalizing plate 14, and there is a gap for the coolant to flow between the upper and lower adjacent cold storage plates 1. Of course, the phase-change cold storage plate 1 can also be prevented from shifting by setting a positioning angle steel 13 on the periphery of the phase-change cold storage plate 1.

[0062] The flow equalizing plate 14 can make the distribution and flow of the coolant more uniform. The flow equalizing plate 14 evenly distributes the fluid on the cooling surface, increases the contact area between the fluid and the cooling surface, makes the energy transfer more complete, reduces the local dead zone, and improves the overall cooling coefficient, thereby improving the cooling efficiency.

[0063] The emergency area 801 is provided with an inlet distributor 10 and an outlet distributor 11. The inlet distributor 10 includes an inlet pipe and an outlet distribution plate. The inlet pipe is connected to the liquid hole at the top of the lower phase-change cold storage area 802. The outlet of the outlet distribution plate is arranged toward the baffle 9 at the top of the lower phase-change cold storage area 802. The outlet distributor 11 includes an outlet pipe and an inlet distribution plate. The outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the vertical tank body 8. The inlet of the inlet distribution plate is arranged toward the top of the three-dimensional tank body 8.

[0064] The water entering from the bottom of the tank body 8 passes through the lower phase change cold storage area 802 and then enters the water inlet pipe of the water inlet distributor 10 from the liquid hole of the top baffle 9, and finally enters the emergency area 801 of the tank body 8 through the water outlet distribution plate. The water outlet distribution plate is a circular disc shape suitable for the inner diameter of the tank body 8. Small water outlet holes are evenly distributed on the distribution plate. Through the setting of the water inlet distributor 10, it can be ensured that the water in the emergency area 801 can be evenly discharged to avoid the occurrence of "short circuit phenomenon".

[0065] The thickness of the phase change cold storage plate 1 and the gap between adjacent phase change cold storage plates 1 on the same baffle plate 9 are the same, and the thickness of the phase change cold storage plate 1 and the gap between adjacent phase change cold storage plates 1 on different baffle plates 9 have the following rule: from bottom to top, the thickness of the phase change cold storage plate 1 gradually decreases, and at the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates 1 and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates 1 remains unchanged or gradually decreases.

[0066] The specifications of the phase change cold storage plates 1 located on the same baffle plate 9 are the same, and the phase change materials filled therein are also the same. It can be foreseen that since the thickness of the phase change cold storage plates 1 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the coolant, the number of phase change cold storage plates 1 on the baffle plate 9 also tends to increase along the flow direction of the coolant.

[0067] The ratio of the thickness of the phase change cold storage plate 1 located on the same baffle 9 to the spacing between adjacent phase change cold storage plates 1 is k, 1≤k≤7, and the k value of different cold storage components is different. The change of the k value shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, k gradually increases.

[0068] The phase change material filled in the phase change cold storage plate 1 located on the same baffle 9 is the same, and the phase change material filled in the phase change cold storage plates 11 of different groups of cold storage components is different. The change of the phase change material shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, the thermal conductivity of the phase change material gradually increases.

[0069] Water can be used as a coolant. Water has a high specific heat capacity and can absorb or release a large amount of heat while its own temperature change is relatively small, which enables it to effectively store and transfer cold during the cold storage and release process. In addition, water has stable chemical properties and will not undergo chemical reactions under general cold storage and release conditions, and will not cause adverse effects such as corrosion to cold storage equipment and cooled objects.

[0070] Along the flow direction of the coolant, the plate thickness of the phase change cold storage plate 1 becomes gradually thinner, and at the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates 1 and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates 1 remains unchanged or gradually decreases, so that in the flow direction of the coolant, the front and rear flow velocities of the coolant are consistent or the rear flow velocity is higher, so that the time for completing the cold charging can be guaranteed to be consistent, avoiding the situation where the front phase change cold storage plate 1 completes the phase change while the rear phase change cold storage plate 1 does not change the phase, resulting in a longer cold charging time for the entire heat exchanger.

[0071] The phase change cold storage plate 1 includes a phase change cold storage plate body, which has a phase change cold storage material storage cavity. A loading port is provided at one end of the phase change cold storage plate body. The upper and lower surfaces of the phase change cold storage plate body are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves 2. The surface of the phase change cold storage plate body is located between two adjacent guide grooves 2 and between the outermost guide groove 2 and the side of the body. A plurality of V-shaped protrusions 3 or arc-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed along its length direction.

[0072] The loading port of the phase change cold storage plate body is provided with a loading nozzle and a cap, mainly to facilitate the filling of the phase change material into the phase change cold storage plate 1. There are at least two ways to set the loading nozzle:

[0073] The loading port of the phase change cold storage plate body is located in the recess, and the loading nozzle is just hidden in the recess. The shape of the entire phase change cold storage plate body is relatively regular, but this form of loading nozzle cannot completely fill the interior of the phase change cold storage plate body. Some organic phase change materials are liquid at room temperature, and when the temperature drops below the melting point, it will solidify into a solid state. The volume of organic phase change materials will shrink during the solidification process. This is because its molecules are relatively loosely arranged in the liquid state, and are more tightly arranged in the solid state. Even if the material is filled, the phase change cold storage plate 1 will not be deformed during the phase change process.

[0074] Another form is: the loading port of the phase change cold storage plate body is provided with a threaded loading nozzle, a cap is screwed on the loading nozzle, and the end of the phase change cold storage plate body opposite to the loading nozzle is provided with an avoidance groove suitable for the shape of the loading nozzle. When multiple phase change cold storage plates 1 are docked, the loading nozzles of adjacent phase change cold storage plates 1 can be placed in the avoidance groove.

[0075] The phase change material filled in the cold storage plate can be a hydrated salt phase change material. The hydrated salt phase change material mainly realizes cold storage through its solid-liquid phase change at a specific temperature. During the cold storage process, when the ambient temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the hydrated salt, the hydrated salt changes from liquid to solid, releasing the latent heat of phase change, thereby realizing cold storage. During the cold release process, when the ambient temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the hydrated salt, the hydrated salt changes from solid to liquid, absorbs the surrounding heat, and realizes cold release.

[0076] There are three specific forms of phase change cold storage plate body:

[0077] Form 1: Figure 4-5 As shown, the material of the phase change cold storage plate body can usually be plastic materials, such as HDPE and PE. Plastic materials are widely used in the manufacture of phase change cold storage plates 1 due to their good plasticity, durability and cost-effectiveness. Plastic materials such as HDPE high-density polyethylene and PE polyethylene are not only safe and non-toxic, but also have good cold preservation performance and repeated use.

[0078] The upper and lower surfaces of the phase change cold storage plate body are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves 2, and the cross section of the guide groove 2 is inverted trapezoidal. The surface of the phase change cold storage plate body is located between two adjacent guide grooves 2 and between the outermost guide groove 2 and the side of the body along its length.

[0079] The raised openings on the upper and lower surfaces of the phase change cold storage plate body face opposite directions. The upper and lower surfaces of the phase change cold storage plate body are also provided with end grooves, and the cross section of the end grooves is V-shaped. One end of the end groove is connected to the end surface of the phase change cold storage plate body, and the other end extends into the interval of the guide groove 2.

[0080] Through the unique surface structure design, the turbulence degree of the heat transfer medium on the surface of the phase change cold storage plate body can be increased, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency. In addition, the phase change cold storage plate 1 has a strong ability to withstand external pressure and the sealing port does not leak.

[0081] Form 2: Figure 6-8 As shown, this form has the same overall structure as Form 1, except that a V-shaped groove 4 is provided between two adjacent protrusions in the same row, and the orientation of the V-shaped groove 4 or the arc-shaped groove is consistent with that of the V-shaped protrusion 3.

[0082] Form 3: Figure 9-11 As shown, this form has the same overall structure as Form 1, except that the heights of the protrusions in the same column are inconsistent.

[0083] The protrusions in the same column include a first protrusion 5 with a height of h1 and a second protrusion 6 with a height of h2, h1>h2, and multiple protrusions in the same column are arranged in a regular pattern of “first protrusion 5, second protrusion 6, second protrusion 6, first protrusion 5, second protrusion 6, second protrusion 6, first protrusion 5…”.

[0084] Phase change cold storage plates use their special design and internally filled phase change materials to effectively capture the cold carried by the cooling water generated by the chiller. These phase change materials have specific thermodynamic properties and can undergo phase changes in low temperature environments, such as from liquid to solid or from one crystalline state to another, absorbing a large amount of latent heat in the process, thereby achieving cold storage.

[0085] When daytime comes and peak electricity consumption occurs, a large number of heat-generating electronic components such as servers and storage devices in the data center require a stable low-temperature environment to ensure their normal operation. At this time, the phase-change cold storage tank begins to release cold energy. Through a properly arranged heat exchange system, a reverse phase change process occurs in the cold storage tank, and the stored cold energy is transferred to the refrigerant. The refrigerant then distributes the cold energy evenly to various areas of the data center through a precisely designed pipeline network, thereby effectively reducing the room temperature and meeting the room's cooling needs.

[0086] This working mode effectively achieves the "peak shifting and valley filling" of electricity. During peak electricity consumption periods, by using phase change cold storage tanks to release cold to cool the data room, the amount of electricity that the data room obtains from the power grid for cooling is significantly reduced, alleviating the power supply pressure of the power grid during peak periods. At the same time, during low electricity consumption periods, the process of the chiller storing cold in the cold storage tank increases the electricity load during the low period, improves the power utilization rate of the power system during the low period, and makes the power resources more reasonably allocated and utilized in the time dimension, which is of great significance for optimizing the operating efficiency and economy of the power system.

[0087] Emergency cooling conditions in data centers are usually caused by the following situations:

[0088] Chiller failure: In the water cooling system of the data center, the chiller is the core refrigeration equipment. If the chiller fails suddenly, such as compressor damage, refrigerant leakage, etc., its cooling function will be lost immediately. At this time, the servers and other equipment in the data center are still running and continue to generate heat, and the ambient temperature will rise rapidly. The emergency cooling demand is to quickly provide enough cooling to prevent the temperature in the computer room from being too high, ensure that the equipment can still operate normally in a short period of time, and buy time for repairing the chiller.

[0089] Water pump failure: The water pump is responsible for the circulation of coolant in the water cooling system. If the water pump fails, the coolant cannot circulate normally, and the cold energy cannot be effectively transferred to the surrounding equipment that needs to be cooled. This will cause local overheating. The emergency cooling system needs to make up for this part of the missing cold energy to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to overheating.

[0090] Power outage emergency: When a data center experiences a power outage, the normal water cooling system will stop working. However, key equipment such as servers in the data center usually have an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to maintain short-term operation. During this period, the emergency cooling system needs to provide cooling capacity because the equipment is still generating heat. Especially for some high-performance servers that are extremely sensitive to temperature changes, even a short-term temperature increase may cause data loss or hardware damage, so the emergency cooling demand is particularly important.

[0091] The phase change cold storage tank of the present invention can meet the emergency cooling needs of the data center. An emergency area is arranged on the upper part of the cold storage tank. During operation, the emergency area stores a certain amount of low-temperature water. When the data center suddenly loses power and needs emergency cooling, the low-temperature water in the emergency area can be transported to the water cooling system of the data center in a short time.

[0092] At the same time, the phase change cold storage tank of the present invention has a unique design for the thickness of the phase change cold storage plate and the plate spacing. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the plate thickness of the phase change cold storage plate gradually becomes thinner, while the plate spacing remains unchanged or becomes smaller, so that the total flow cross-sectional area in the flow direction of the coolant remains unchanged or gradually becomes smaller, and the front and rear flow velocities are consistent or the rear flow velocity is higher. In this way, the time for completing the cold charging can be guaranteed to be consistent, avoiding the situation where the front phase change cold storage plate completes the phase change while the rear phase change cold storage plate does not change phase, resulting in a longer cold charging time for the entire heat exchanger.

[0093] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase-change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and releasing and emergency function, comprising a vertical tank body (8), characterized in that: The interior of the vertical tank body (8) is divided into an upper emergency zone (801) and a lower phase-change cold storage zone (802); a water inlet is arranged on the side wall of the vertical tank body (8) corresponding to the phase-change cold storage zone (802), and a water outlet is arranged on the side wall corresponding to the emergency zone (801); A plurality of baffles (9) are arranged in the phase-change cold storage area (802) along its height direction, a baffle (9) located above the bottom baffle (9) and an inner wall of the tank body (8) have liquid holes, and the liquid holes of two adjacent baffles (9) are arranged in a staggered manner, so that a plurality of baffle channels are formed from bottom to top inside the tank body (8); A limiting net (10) and a flow balancing plate (14) are also provided between adjacent baffles (9), and the flow balancing plate (14) and the limiting net (10) are respectively located at the inlet end and the outlet end of the flow channel; A plurality of phase-change cold storage plates (1) are stacked horizontally on each baffle plate (9), and the phase-change cold storage plates (1) are all located in a space surrounded by a limiting net (10) and a flow equalizing plate (14), and a gap for circulating a coolant is provided between upper and lower adjacent cold storage plates (1); The thickness of the phase-change cold storage plates (1) on the same baffle plate (9) and the gaps between adjacent phase-change cold storage plates (1) are the same, and the thickness of the phase-change cold storage plates (1) on different baffle plates (9) and the gaps between adjacent phase-change cold storage plates (1) have the following rule: from bottom to top, the thickness of the phase-change cold storage plates (1) gradually decreases, and at the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates (1) and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates (1) remains unchanged or gradually decreases; The emergency zone (801) is provided with a water inlet distributor (10) and a water outlet distributor (11); The water inlet distributor (10) comprises a water inlet pipe and a water outlet distribution plate, the water inlet pipe is connected to the liquid hole at the top of the phase change cold storage area (802), and the water outlet of the water outlet distribution plate is arranged toward the baffle (9) at the top of the phase change cold storage area (802); The water outlet distributor (11) comprises a water outlet pipe and a water inlet distribution plate, the water outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet of the vertical tank body (8), and the water inlet of the water inlet distribution plate is arranged toward the top of the vertical tank body (8).

2. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the thickness of the phase-change cold storage plate (1) located on the same baffle plate (9) to the distance between adjacent phase-change cold storage plates (1) is k, 1≤k≤7, and the k value is different on different baffle plates (9). The change of the k value shows the following rule: from bottom to top, k gradually increases.

3. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change materials of the phase change cold storage plates (1) located on the same baffle plate (9) are the same, and the phase change materials filled in the phase change cold storage plates (1) of different baffle plates (9) are different. The change of the phase change material shows the following rule: from bottom to top, the thermal conductivity of the phase change material gradually increases.

4. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The phase-change cold storage plate (1) located at the periphery is limited in position by a positioning angle steel (13).

5. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A distributor is provided at the water inlet corresponding to the phase change cold storage area (802) of the vertical tank body (8).

6. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change cold storage plate (1) comprises a phase change cold storage plate body, the phase change cold storage plate body has a phase change cold storage material storage cavity, one end of the phase change cold storage plate body is provided with a loading port, the upper and lower surfaces of the phase change cold storage plate body are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves 2, and the surface of the phase change cold storage plate body is located between two adjacent guide grooves 2 and between the outermost guide groove 2 and the side of the body, and a plurality of V-shaped protrusions 3 or arc-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed along its length direction.

7. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charge and release and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust valve and a safety valve are arranged on the top of the vertical tank body (8).

8. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom baffle plate (9) is a grid plate, and a drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the vertical tank body (8).

9. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material in the cold storage plate (1) is a hydrated salt phase change material.

10. A phase change cold storage tank with balanced cold charging and cold releasing and emergency function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The coolant is water.

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