Pest control method for planting cold vegetables

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a pest control method for planting cold vegetables. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing materials; 2, preparation before planting; 3, early-stage facility building and sowing; step 4, seedling management; 5, topdressing and disease and pest monitoring; 6, spraying to prevent and control diseases and insect pests; according to the disease and pest control method for planting the cold vegetables, from preparation work before planting, soil is deeply ploughed and exposed to the sun, the soil is treated with the organic fertilizer, the wood vinegar and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens fungicide, the soil structure is improved, harmful germs and worm eggs are reduced, after seeds are treated with the bacillus amyloliquefaciens fungicide, the stress resistance is enhanced, and the disease and pest control effect is good. In the growth process, the nutrients of the cauliflower are increased through topdressing in different growth stages; physical prevention and control are combined with biological prevention and control, so that the use of chemical agents is reduced, the quality safety of the cauliflower is improved, and the economic benefits of farmer households are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in planting cool-weather vegetables. Background Art

[0002] Cool-season vegetables include leafy vegetables, root vegetables, cauliflowers and fruiting vegetables. Among them, there are some shortcomings in the cultivation process of cool-season vegetables such as cauliflowers.

[0003] On the one hand, the effect of protecting the flower heads is reduced. For example, when controlling pests such as cabbage worms and diamondback moths, it is difficult to spray the pesticide evenly inside the flower heads, making it difficult to effectively control the pests inside the flower heads. In addition, some control measures may affect the appearance and quality of the flower heads. For example, pesticide residues may cause spots on the surface of the flower heads. At the same time, excessive pesticide residues may also pose a potential threat to consumers' health. In addition, when using physical control methods such as manually catching pests, the structure of the flower heads may be accidentally damaged, destroying the integrity of the flower heads, which also affects their quality.

[0004] On the other hand, disease control agents have poor specificity. Most of the existing control agents are general fungicides, which are not very targeted to cauliflower vegetables. Different types of cauliflower have different tolerance and sensitivity to agents. Improper use can easily cause drug damage and affect yield and quality. For example, broccoli is more sensitive to certain fungicides. Using a slightly higher concentration may cause yellowing of leaves and poor development of flower heads. When faced with common cauliflower diseases such as downy mildew and sclerotinia, the means of prevention and control are limited, and we can only rely on traditional agents with gradually declining effectiveness, making it difficult to effectively control the spread of the disease.

[0005] It can be seen that the existing pest and disease control methods not only reduce the protective effect of cauliflower cool-season vegetable florets, making the florets vulnerable to pests and diseases and damaging their quality, but also affect the yield and quality safety of cauliflower, thereby increasing the economic losses of growers.

[0006] In view of this, a method for controlling diseases and insect pests in growing cool-weather vegetables is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling pests and diseases in growing cool climate vegetables, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for controlling pests and diseases in growing cool climate vegetables, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Material preparation: cauliflower seeds, organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, wood vinegar, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, biogenic insecticides and biogenic fungicides;

[0010] S2. Preparation before planting: Use organic fertilizer, wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to treat the soil; then use Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to treat the seeds;

[0011] S3. Preliminary facility construction and sowing: First, use wooden sticks, iron wire and nylon rope to build a stable frame around the planting plot, and cover it with an insect-proof net. Then, sow the seeds by spot sowing or row sowing. After sowing, cover the soil to press it down so that the seeds fit tightly with the soil.

[0012] S4. Seedling management: When the seedlings grow 1-2 true leaves, remove the weak, deformed or diseased seedlings; when the seedlings grow 4-5 true leaves, perform seedling transplanting;

[0013] S5. Topdressing and pest monitoring: During the growth of cauliflower seeds, topdressing is carried out according to different growth stages. At the same time, solar frequency vibration insect traps and sticky insect boards are placed in the fields, and field inspections are carried out regularly;

[0014] S6. Spray to control pests and diseases: When cauliflower is found to be diseased, it should be promptly dealt with in the early stages of the disease; when cabbage worms and diamondback moths appear, spray measures should be used to control the pests and diseases until the cool vegetables are ripe for picking.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S1, the organic fertilizer is farm organic fertilizer; the chemical fertilizer is balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; the wood vinegar is wood vinegar with a purity of not less than 80%; the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent has an effective live bacteria count of not less than 10 billion / gram; the biogenic insecticide is Beauveria bassiana preparation or rotenone; and the biogenic fungicide is Jinggangmycin or Kasugamycin.

[0016] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in S2, the soil treatment comprises the following steps:

[0017] S2.1. Soil tillage: 15-25 days in advance, deep tillage the planting plot to a depth of 30cm-40cm, followed by exposure to the sun for 7-10 days;

[0018] S2.2, Fertilization: Evenly spread 2500kg-3500kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and shallowly turn the soil 10-15cm after spreading;

[0019] S2.3, wood vinegar treatment: Use 4L-6L wood vinegar per mu, dilute it 400-500 times and spray it evenly on the soil surface; then wait for 0.5-1h to allow the wood vinegar to fully penetrate into the soil surface, and then shallowly turn the soil 8cm-12cm;

[0020] S2.4. Microbial agent treatment: Sprinkle 1.5kg-2.5kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial agent per mu, till the soil to a depth of 15cm-20cm to allow the microbial agent to be fully mixed with the soil to promote the reproduction and colonization of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S2, seed treatment at least includes selecting seeds with full grains, no damage, and no diseases and insect pests. Afterwards, a diluent is prepared according to a ratio of 1:150 of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent to water, and the seeds are soaked in the diluent for 2h-3h. After being taken out, they are rinsed with clean water and dried for sowing.

[0022] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in S3, the aperture of the insect-proof net is 0.6mm-0.8mm; the thickness of the covering soil is 1cm-1.5cm.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S4, the seedling transplanting operation is carried out according to a planting density of 2200-2800 plants per mu.

[0024] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in S5, topdressing includes the following different growth stages:

[0025] During the rosette stage, apply 10kg-15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu;

[0026] In the early stage of flower head formation, apply 8kg-12kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and supplement calcium and boron trace element fertilizers to promote the development of flower heads.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S5, 1-2 solar frequency vibration insect attractants are placed per acre, and the height of the insect attractants is 1.5m-2m from the ground; 30-40 sticky insect boards are hung per acre, and the sticky insect boards are hung 10cm-20cm above the plants, and the height is adjusted as the plants grow; comprehensive and detailed field inspections are carried out at least 3 times a week.

[0028] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in S6, when the cauliflower is in the initial stage of disease, the wood vinegar is diluted 200-300 times and mixed with the biogenic fungicide. When the biogenic fungicide is Jinggangmycin, it needs to be diluted 1000 times; when the biogenic fungicide is Kasugamycin, it needs to be diluted 800 times. After that, the plants are sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed continuously for 2-3 times to effectively inhibit the spread of pathogens. At the same time, 100g-150g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is used per mu, diluted 500-800 times for foliar spraying to enhance the disease resistance of the plants.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S6, when cabbage loopers and diamondback moths appear, biological insecticides are used for spraying control. When the biological insecticide is a Beauveria bassiana preparation, it needs to be diluted 600 times. When the biological insecticide is rotenone, it needs to be diluted 1000 times, and the focus is on spraying the inside of the flower curd, the back of the leaves and the growing points.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. In the method for controlling diseases and insect pests in planting cool-season vegetables, from the perspective of preparatory work before planting, the soil is deeply plowed and exposed to the sun, and treated with organic fertilizer, wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which improves the soil structure, reduces harmful pathogens and insect eggs, and provides a good soil microecological environment for the growth of cauliflower. After the seeds are treated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the stress resistance is enhanced. During the growth process, the planting density of thinning and seedlings is controlled, and topdressing is performed at different growth stages to increase the nutrients of the cauliflower. And by combining physical control (insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps, sticky insect boards) with biological control (biological agents, wood vinegar, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), the use of chemical agents is reduced, environmental pollution is reduced, and the quality and safety of cauliflower are improved, thereby increasing the economic benefits of growers.

[0032] 2. In the disease and insect control method for growing cool-weather vegetables, the insect-proof net effectively blocks the pests inside the flower head, and the bio-source insecticide is sprayed, which not only protects the flower head but also avoids the harm of pesticide residues. For diseases, based on the difference in cauliflower's tolerance to pesticides, targeted bio-source fungicides are selected and mixed with wood vinegar, and combined with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to enhance plant resistance, overcome the shortcomings of traditional pesticides, and effectively prevent common diseases such as downy mildew and sclerotinia. The synergistic effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and wood vinegar not only enhances the plant's immunity, but also promotes the growth and development of cauliflower, improves the quality and yield of flower heads, reduces planting risks, and increases farmers' income. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the pest control method for growing cool vegetables according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a bar graph of the incidence of pests and diseases of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a bar graph of the average diameter of the curd of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a bar graph of the average weight of the curd of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a histogram of pesticide residues of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a histogram of the success rate of prevention and treatment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] according to Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling pests and diseases in growing cool vegetables, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. Material preparation: cauliflower seeds, organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, wood vinegar, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, biogenic insecticides and biogenic fungicides; among them, organic fertilizers use farm organic fertilizers, such as decomposed pig manure, cow manure, etc.; chemical fertilizers use balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers; wood vinegar uses wood vinegar with a purity of not less than 80%, which is used for soil improvement and plant protection; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens uses an effective live bacteria count of not less than 10 billion / gram, which can be used for seed treatment, soil treatment and foliar spraying; biogenic insecticides use Beauveria bassiana preparations or rotenone, which are used to prevent and control cabbage loopers and diamondback moths; biogenic fungicides use Jinggangmycin or Kasugamycin, which are used to prevent and control downy mildew and sclerotinia;

[0042] S2. Preparation before planting: Use organic fertilizer, wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to treat the soil; wherein the soil treatment includes the following steps:

[0043] 1. Soil tillage: Deeply till the planting land 15-25 days in advance to a depth of 30cm-40cm, and then expose it to the sun for 7-10 days to reduce pathogens and pest eggs in the soil;

[0044] 2. Fertilization: Evenly spread 2500kg-3500kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and shallowly turn the soil 10-15cm after spreading;

[0045] 3. Wood vinegar treatment: 4L-6L of wood vinegar is used per mu, and it is diluted 400-500 times and then evenly sprayed on the soil surface. Diluting the wood vinegar 400-500 times means: mixing 4-6L of wood vinegar with water so that the total volume after mixing is 400-500 times the original volume of the wood vinegar; for example: if 4L of wood vinegar is taken, according to the dilution 400 times, the amount of water to be added is 4×400-4=1596L (that is, the final mixed solution volume is 4×400=1600L, minus the 4L of wood vinegar itself is the amount of water to be added), if it is diluted 500 times, the amount of water to be added is 4×500-4=1996L; after that, wait for 0.5-1h to allow the wood vinegar to fully penetrate into the soil surface, and then perform shallow turning of 8cm-12cm to adjust the soil pH;

[0046] 4. Microbial agent treatment: Spread 1.5kg-2.5kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens per mu, till the soil 15cm-20cm deep, mix the microbial agent with the soil thoroughly, and promote the reproduction and colonization of beneficial microorganisms in the soil;

[0047] Then, the seeds are treated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which at least includes selecting seeds with full grains, no damage, and no diseases and insect pests. After that, a dilution is prepared according to the ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to water at 1:150, and the seeds are placed in the dilution and soaked for 2h-3h. After being taken out, they are rinsed with clean water and dried for sowing;

[0048] S3. Preliminary facility construction and sowing: First, use wooden sticks, iron wire and nylon rope to build a stable frame around the planting plot, and cover it with an insect-proof net with an aperture of 0.6mm-0.8mm to prevent the entry of cabbage worms and diamondback moths. Then, sow the seeds by spot sowing or row sowing (the sowing time is selected according to the local climate characteristics and the characteristics of the selected cauliflower variety). After sowing, cover the soil to suppress it. The thickness of the covering soil is 1cm-1.5cm, so that the seeds fit closely with the soil;

[0049] S4. Seedling management: When the seedlings grow 1-2 true leaves, remove the weak, deformed or diseased seedlings to allow enough space and nutrients between the seedlings; when the seedlings grow 4-5 true leaves, they are transplanted according to the planting density of 2200-2800 plants per mu;

[0050] S5. Topdressing and pest monitoring: During the growth of cauliflower seeds, topdressing is carried out according to different growth stages, including the following different growth stages:

[0051] During the rosette stage, apply 10kg-15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu to promote the increase of leaf quantity and area, and also help the growth and development of the root system, and enhance the plant's ability to absorb nutrients and water;

[0052] In the early stage of flower head formation, 8kg-12kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and trace element fertilizers such as calcium and boron are supplemented to promote the development of flower heads. Among them: calcium can maintain the stability of the cell structure of flower heads and prevent physiological diseases of flower heads. Calcium nitrate can be applied through the soil, with an amount of about 8kg-10kg per mu, and it is evenly spread around the roots of the plants, and then shallowly turned into the soil to fully mix the fertilizer and soil to facilitate plant root absorption; and boron can promote the normal differentiation and development of flower heads and improve the quality of flower heads. When applying boron fertilizer to the soil base, borax can be used, with an amount of 0.5kg-0.8kg per mu, and after fully mixing with organic fertilizer or fine soil, it is evenly spread on the soil surface and then plowed;

[0053] At the same time, solar frequency vibration insect traps and sticky insect boards are placed in the fields. The solar frequency vibration insect traps are placed at a rate of 1-2 per mu of land, and the height of the insect traps is 1.5m-2m from the ground to fully cover the planting area. Sticky insect boards are hung at a rate of 30-40 per mu of land. Yellow sticky insect boards are used to trap aphids and whiteflies that are attracted to yellow, and blue sticky insect boards are used to trap thrips that are sensitive to blue. The sticky insect boards are hung 10cm-20cm above the plants, and the height is adjusted as the plants grow. Regular field inspections are carried out, with comprehensive and detailed field inspections conducted at least three times a week, and the growth of cauliflower plants is carefully observed to detect early signs of pests and diseases in a timely manner.

[0054] S6. Spray to prevent and control diseases and insect pests: When cauliflower is found to have diseases, deal with it in time at the initial stage of the disease. Dilute the wood vinegar 200-300 times and mix it with the bio-source fungicide. When the bio-source fungicide is Jinggangmycin, it needs to be diluted 1000 times; when the bio-source fungicide is kasugamycin, it needs to be diluted 800 times. After that, spray the plants once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously 2-3 times to effectively inhibit the spread of pathogens. At the same time, use 100g-150g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens per mu, dilute it 500-800 times for foliar spraying to increase Strengthen the disease resistance of the plant; when cabbage loopers and diamondback moths appear, use spray measures to control pests and diseases, and use bio-source insecticides for spray prevention and control. When the bio-source insecticide uses Beauveria bassiana preparations, it needs to be diluted 600 times, and when the bio-source insecticide uses rotenone, it needs to be diluted 1000 times, and focus on spraying the inside of the flower head, the back of the leaves and the growing points; it can also be mixed with wood vinegar diluted 300-400 times and sprayed to improve the prevention and control effect. Spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously to ensure effective control of pests and increase the yield and quality of cauliflower until the cool vegetables are ripe for picking.

[0055] In this plan, we first start with the soil and seed treatment before planting, and then to the early facility construction, sowing, seedling management, topdressing, pest and disease monitoring and spray control of pests and diseases. This plan not only reduces the pathogens and pest eggs in the soil by deep plowing and exposing it to the sun, providing a soil environment conducive to the growth of cauliflower, but also provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of cauliflower through fertilization. At the same time, topdressing is carried out accurately according to the growth stage of the cauliflower, such as applying compound fertilizers during the rosette stage and the early stage of flower ball formation to supplement calcium, boron and other trace elements, which promotes the healthy growth of cauliflower. In addition, with the help of physical facilities such as insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps and sticky insect boards, combined with biological agents combined with wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spray control, it can also effectively improve the effect of pest and disease control, reduce the use of chemical agents, and improve the quality and safety of cauliflower, thereby increasing yield and quality.

[0056] In the pest control method for growing cool vegetables, the secondary combination of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and wood vinegar has many effects. On the one hand, it improves the living environment of microorganisms, mainly because wood vinegar contains a variety of organic acids, phenols, and alcohols, which are acidic. It can not only adjust the pH value of the soil to promote the growth needs of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, but also the organic acids in wood vinegar, such as acetic acid and propionic acid, can be used as carbon sources and energy substances required for the growth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, providing energy for its growth and reproduction; wood vinegar can also attract Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to gather in the rhizosphere and aboveground parts of cauliflower plants, thereby enhancing its colonization ability around cauliflower plants, forming more effective protection around the plants, and better resisting the invasion of pathogens;

[0057] On the other hand, the synergistic enhancement of antibacterial effect is mainly due to the antibacterial activity of wood vinegar itself. When it is combined with the antibacterial substances produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, it can play a synergistic role. The acidic components in wood vinegar can destroy the cell membrane structure of pathogens and increase the permeability of cell membranes, which helps the antibacterial substances produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, such as lipopeptide antibiotics such as iturin, surfactin, and fengyuan, to enter the interior of pathogen cells more smoothly, thereby enhancing the inhibition and killing effect on pathogens. At the same time, the chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are combined with certain components in wood vinegar (certain components refer to the various organic acids, phenolic substances and alcohol substances contained in wood vinegar), which may change the activity and specificity of the enzyme, further improve the degradation efficiency of pathogen cell walls, and thus more effectively inhibit the growth and spread of pathogens.

[0058] In addition, it can also enhance plant resistance and promote growth, mainly because the protective film formed by wood vinegar on the surface of cauliflower plants cooperates with the plant systemic resistance induced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The phenolic substances in wood vinegar can act as signal molecules to activate the expression of defense-related genes in cauliflower plants, while Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can enhance the plant's immune function and improve the plant's recognition and resistance to pathogens by inducing systemic resistance. The combination of the two can not only effectively resist the invasion of pathogens and reduce the occurrence of diseases, but also promote the growth and development of cauliflower plants. For example, the plant hormones such as auxin and cytokinin produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens during the growth and metabolism process can promote the growth and development of cauliflower roots, increase the number and length of roots, and improve the root system's ability to absorb nutrients and water in the soil, providing nutrient supply for the growth of cauliflower plants, thereby improving the quality and yield of the flower heads and making the flower heads more compact.

[0059] From the perspective of pre-planting preparations, deep tillage and exposure of the soil, combined with treatment with organic fertilizers, wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, improves soil structure, reduces harmful pathogens and insect eggs, and provides a good soil microecological environment for cauliflower growth. After the seeds are treated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, their stress resistance is enhanced. During the growth process, the planting density of thinning and seedlings is controlled, and topdressing is applied at different growth stages to increase the nutrients of the cauliflower. By combining physical control (insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps, sticky insect boards) with biological control (biological agents, wood vinegar, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), the use of chemical agents is reduced, environmental pollution is reduced, the quality and safety of cauliflower are improved, and the economic benefits of growers are increased.

[0060] For pests inside the flower head, insect-proof nets are used to effectively block them, and spraying of bio-source insecticides not only protects the flower head but also avoids the harm of pesticide residues. For diseases, based on the differences in cauliflower's tolerance to pesticides, targeted bio-source fungicides are selected and mixed with wood vinegar, combined with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to enhance plant resistance, overcome the shortcomings of traditional pesticides, and effectively prevent common diseases such as downy mildew and sclerotinia. The synergistic effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and wood vinegar not only enhances plant immunity, but also promotes cauliflower growth and development, improves flower head quality and yield, reduces planting risks, and increases growers' benefits.

[0061] According to different raw material dosages, the pest control method provided by the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Material preparation: Use high-quality cauliflower seeds, farm-grade decomposed pig manure as organic fertilizer, balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 80% purity wood vinegar, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant with an effective live bacteria count of 10 billion / g, Beauveria bassiana preparation and Jinggangmycin as bio-source insecticide and fungicide respectively.

[0064] Planting operation: 20 days in advance, deep plow the land to 35cm and expose it to the sun for 8 days; apply 3000kg of organic fertilizer per mu and then shallowly plow the land to 12cm, spray the soil with 5L of wood vinegar diluted 450 times, shallowly plow the land 0.8h later, and then spread 2kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent and plow the land to 18cm; soak the seeds in a ratio of 1:150 for 2.5h; build an insect-proof net and cover the soil with 1.2cm of soil after row sowing; thin out the seedlings when they have 1-2 true leaves, and determine the seedlings when they have 4-5 true leaves, with a density of 2500 plants per mu. Apply 12kg of compound fertilizer during the rosette stage, and 10kg of compound fertilizer at the early stage of flower head, supplement with 8kg of calcium nitrate and 0.6kg of borax; place 2 insect-attracting lamps in the field and hang 35 sticky insect boards; when the disease first occurs, spray with a mixture of 250 times of wood vinegar and 1000 times of jinggangmycin, once every 7 days, spray twice, and at the same time, spray 120g of 700 times diluted Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the leaves; when there is insect pest, spray with 600 times diluted Beauveria bassiana preparation, focusing on spraying the flower head and other parts, once every 6 days, spray twice.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] Material preparation: Select seeds of local excellent cauliflower varieties, farm-rotted cow dung as organic fertilizer, balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 85% purity wood vinegar, 12 billion / g effective live bacteria of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, rotenone and kasugamycin as biosource insecticide and fungicide respectively.

[0067] Planting operation: 18 days in advance, deep plow the plot 40cm, expose to the sun for 9 days; apply 3200kg organic fertilizer per mu and then shallowly plow 13cm, spray the soil with 4.5L wood vinegar diluted 480 times, shallowly plow 9cm after 1h, spread 1.8kg fungus agent and plow 16cm; soak the seeds in proportion for 2.3h; set up insect-proof nets and sow seeds, cover with 1.3cm soil; after thinning and setting seedlings, apply 13kg compound fertilizer in the rosette stage, 9kg compound fertilizer in the early stage of flower balls, supplement 9kg calcium nitrate and 0.7kg borax; put 1 insect trap lamp and hang 38 sticky insect boards. When the disease first occurs, spray with 280 times of wood vinegar and 800 times of kasugamycin, once every 10 days, spray 3 times, and spray 130g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent 600 times liquid on the leaves; when there is insect pest, spray with 1000 times of rotenone and 350 times of wood vinegar, once every 7 days, spray 2 times.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] Material preparation: high-quality cauliflower seeds, farm organic fertilizer, balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 82% purity wood vinegar, 11 billion / g effective live bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, Beauveria bassiana preparation and Jinggangmycin as biosource insecticide and fungicide respectively.

[0070] Planting operation: deep plowing 38cm 22 days in advance, exposed to the sun for 7 days; apply 2800kg of organic fertilizer per mu and then shallowly plow 11cm, spray the soil with 5.5L wood vinegar diluted 420 times, shallowly plow 11cm after 0.6h, spread 2.2kg of fungal agent and plow 17cm; soak the seeds for 2.8h; set up insect-proof nets and then sow in rows, cover with 1.1cm of soil; after thinning and determining the seedlings, apply 14kg of compound fertilizer during the rosette stage, and 11kg of compound fertilizer at the beginning of the flower head, supplement with 7kg of calcium nitrate and 0.5kg of borax; put 2 insect-attracting lamps and hang 32 sticky insect boards; when the disease first occurs, spray with a mixture of 220 times of wood vinegar and 1000 times of Jinggangmycin, once every 8 days, spray twice, and at the same time spray the leaves with 140g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fungal agent 800 times diluted; when there is insect pest, spray with 600 times of Beauveria bassiana preparation, focus on spraying the flower head and other parts, once every 5 days, spray 3 times.

[0071] In order to verify that the method for controlling pests and diseases in growing cool vegetables prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has good effectiveness and safety, the method for controlling pests and diseases provided in the embodiment of the present invention is described through the following test examples.

[0072] Test example

[0073] The purpose of this test group is to explore the effects of different pest and disease control methods on the cultivation of cool-weather vegetables and to detect the effectiveness, safety and control success rate of the present invention in the cultivation of cool-weather vegetables.

[0074] Test objectives: Test group A, test group B and test group C respectively adopt the pest control methods provided in Examples 1-3; the control example adopts control group A and control group B, wherein:

[0075] Control group A

[0076] Materials: cauliflower seeds, farm organic fertilizer, balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, common fungicides and insecticides;

[0077] Planting operation: plough the land in advance, apply organic fertilizer and then shallowly turn the land; sow normally without seed treatment. Thin out the seedlings and apply compound fertilizer as usual during the growth period; do not set up insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps and sticky insect boards in the field; use general fungicide spray when diseases occur, and use chemical insecticide spray when insect pests occur, without distinguishing key parts such as the inside of the flower head, and the frequency and dosage of spraying are not precisely controlled.

[0078] Control group B

[0079] Materials: cauliflower seeds, organic fertilizer from farmyard, balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, biological pesticides and fungicides, but do not use wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;

[0080] Planting operation: plough the land in advance, and shallowly plow the land after applying organic fertilizer; sow normally without seed treatment. Thin out the seedlings and apply compound fertilizer as usual during the growth period. Set up insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps and sticky insect boards in the field; spray with bio-source fungicides when diseases occur, and spray with bio-source insecticides when insect pests occur, but do not consider the differences in cauliflower's tolerance to the pesticides, and use the conventional dosage and frequency uniformly.

[0081] Control group C

[0082] Material preparation: Same as Example 1, but without using wood vinegar;

[0083] Planting operation: the same as in Example 1, but excluding the operation of wood vinegar.

[0084] Test method: According to the present invention, the effectiveness, safety and control success rate of planting cool vegetables were tested respectively. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0085] Effectiveness test method: During the entire growth cycle of cauliflower, set fixed observation time points (such as every 5 days), observe in detail and accurately record various growth indicators of cauliflower plants in the test groups A, B, C and the control groups A, B, C. In addition to recording plant height, number of leaves, leaf size, and flower ball diameter, it is also necessary to count the number of branches and stem thickness of the cauliflower. For plants with symptoms of pests and diseases, mark and record their number in a timely manner, and accurately calculate the incidence of pests and diseases. At the harvest time, carefully weigh the total weight of the flower balls harvested in each test group and control group, and classify and count them according to the size, firmness, color and other standards of the flower balls, and comprehensively evaluate the effects of different prevention and control methods on the promotion of cauliflower growth and the control of pests and diseases to determine their effectiveness.

[0086] Safety test method: After the cauliflower is harvested, 30 cauliflower samples are randomly selected from the test groups A, B, C and the control groups A, B, C (to ensure that the samples are representative), and professional testing equipment and methods are used to comprehensively test the residues of various pesticides such as biological agents and chemical agents in the samples, and compare and analyze them with relevant national food safety standards. At the same time, a detailed health questionnaire survey is conducted on all staff members participating in the test to understand their physical conditions after contact with different control agents during the test, including whether they have symptoms such as skin allergies, respiratory discomfort, and gastrointestinal discomfort, so as to comprehensively judge the safety of each control method.

[0087] Control success rate test method: Before the start of the test, formulate detailed pest and disease type and symptom recording standards. During the growth of cauliflower, field inspections are carried out every day to accurately record the specific types, time, location and symptom severity of pests and diseases in the test groups A, B, C and the control groups A, B, C. For each pest and disease, at a specific time point (such as 3 days, 7 days, 10 days) after taking control measures, the number of plants where the pests and diseases are effectively controlled (the number of pests is reduced by more than 80%, the symptoms of the disease no longer expand and there is a trend of improvement) is counted, and the proportion of plants successfully controlled for each pest and disease is accurately calculated. Finally, the proportion of plants successfully controlled for all pests and diseases is combined, and the weight of the impact of different pests and diseases on the growth and yield of cauliflower is considered to obtain the control success rate of the group. By comparing the control success rates between different groups, the advantages and effects of the pest and disease control method provided by the present invention relative to the control group are clearly evaluated.

[0088] Specific detection indicators are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1 Test indicators of each sample

[0090]

[0091] according to Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown in Table 1, the summary of the above comparative data is as follows:

[0092] In terms of the incidence of diseases and insect pests: the incidence of diseases and insect pests in the test groups A, B, and C were 8%, 10%, and 9%, respectively, which were lower than 32% of the control group A, 24% of the control group B, and 20% of the control group C; this indicates that the control method adopted by the present invention, from soil and seed treatment before planting, to physical control (insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps, sticky insect boards) combined with biological control (biological agents, wood vinegar, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agents), can effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; mainly the use of wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agents improves the soil microecological environment, enhances the resistance of plants, and reduces the probability of breeding of diseases and insect pests.

[0093] In terms of average curd diameter and weight: the average curd diameters of the test groups A, B, and C were 18.5 cm, 18 cm, and 18.2 cm, respectively, and the average weights were 1.25 kg, 1.2 kg, and 1.22 kg, respectively, which were all greater than those of the control group A (13 cm, 0.7 kg), the control group B (15 cm, 0.9 kg), and the control group C (16 cm, 1.0 kg); this indicates that the present invention provides sufficient nutrients and a suitable environment for the growth of cauliflower through topdressing management (supplementing compound fertilizers and trace elements such as calcium and boron at different growth stages) and pest and disease control measures, thereby promoting the good development of the curd and improving the yield and quality of the cauliflower.

[0094] In terms of pesticide residues: the pesticide residues of test groups A, B and C were 0.04 mg / kg, 0.03 mg / kg and 0.045 mg / kg respectively, which were lower than 0.3 mg / kg of control group A, 0.08 mg / kg of control group C and 0.1 mg / kg of control group B; this reflects the characteristics of the present invention that biological control is mainly used and the use of chemical agents is reduced, which not only reduces environmental pollution, but also improves the quality and safety of cauliflower.

[0095] In terms of the control success rate: the control success rates of the test groups A, B and C were 89%, 84% and 85%, respectively, which were higher than 45% of the control group A, 60% of the control group B and 66% of the control group C; this indicates that the present invention, based on the difference in tolerance of cauliflower to pesticides, selects targeted biogenic fungicides and mixes them with wood vinegar, cooperates with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fungicide, and takes measures to apply pesticides to key parts such as the inside of the flower head, which can more effectively control diseases and insect pests, solve the shortcomings of traditional pesticides and methods, reduce planting risks, and increase the economic benefits of growers.

[0096] In summary, the indicators of test group A performed best; not only was the incidence of pests and diseases low, the diameter of the flower balls was larger, the weight was heavier, there was less pesticide residue, and the success rate of prevention and control was high. This is mainly due to comprehensive prevention and control in all aspects of planting, improving soil and plant resistance, reducing pollution, improving cauliflower quality and safety, and increasing the income of growers.

[0097] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for controlling pests and diseases in growing cool vegetables, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Material preparation: cauliflower seeds, organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, wood vinegar, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, biogenic insecticides and biogenic fungicides; S2. Preparation before planting: Use organic fertilizer, wood vinegar and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to treat the soil; then use Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to treat the seeds; S3. Preliminary facility construction and sowing: First, use wooden sticks, iron wire and nylon rope to build a stable frame around the planting plot, and cover it with an insect-proof net. Then, sow the seeds by spot sowing or row sowing. After sowing, cover the soil to press it down so that the seeds fit tightly with the soil. S4. Seedling management: When the seedlings grow 1-2 true leaves, remove the weak, deformed or diseased seedlings; when the seedlings grow 4-5 true leaves, perform seedling transplanting; S5. Topdressing and pest monitoring: During the growth of cauliflower seeds, topdressing is carried out according to different growth stages. At the same time, solar frequency vibration insect traps and sticky insect boards are placed in the fields, and field inspections are carried out regularly; S6. Spray to control pests and diseases: When cauliflower is found to be diseased, it should be promptly dealt with in the early stages of the disease; when cabbage worms and diamondback moths appear, spray measures should be used to control the pests and diseases until the cool vegetables are ripe for picking.

2. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the organic fertilizer is farm organic fertilizer; the chemical fertilizer is balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; the wood vinegar is wood vinegar with a purity of not less than 80%; the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent has an effective live bacteria count of not less than 10 billion / gram; the bio-source insecticide is Beauveria bassiana preparation or rotenone; the bio-source fungicide is Jinggangmycin or Kasugamycin.

3. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, soil treatment comprises the following steps: S2.

1. Soil tillage: 15-25 days in advance, deep tillage the planting plot to a depth of 30cm-40cm, followed by exposure to the sun for 7-10 days; S2.2, Fertilization: Evenly spread 2500kg-3500kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and shallowly turn the soil 10-15cm after spreading; S2.3, wood vinegar treatment: Use 4L-6L wood vinegar per mu, dilute it 400-500 times and spray it evenly on the soil surface; then wait for 0.5-1h to allow the wood vinegar to fully penetrate into the soil surface, and then shallowly turn the soil 8cm-12cm; S2.

4. Microbial agent treatment: Sprinkle 1.5kg-2.5kg of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial agent per mu, till the soil to a depth of 15cm-20cm to allow the microbial agent to be fully mixed with the soil to promote the reproduction and colonization of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.

4. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the seed treatment at least includes selecting seeds with full grains, no damage, and no diseases and insect pests. Then, a diluent is prepared according to the ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent to water at 1:150, and the seeds are placed in the diluent and soaked for 2h-3h. After being taken out, they are rinsed with clean water and dried for sowing.

5. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the aperture of the insect-proof net is 0.6 mm-0.8 mm; the thickness of the covering soil is 1 cm-1.5 cm.

6. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the seedling transplanting operation is carried out according to a planting density of 2200-2800 plants per mu.

7. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In said S5, topdressing includes the following different growth stages: During the rosette stage, apply 10kg-15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu; In the early stage of flower head formation, apply 8kg-12kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and supplement calcium and boron trace element fertilizers to promote the development of flower heads.

8. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, 1-2 solar frequency vibration insect attractants are placed per acre, and the height of the insect attractants is 1.5m-2m from the ground; 30-40 sticky insect boards are hung per acre, and the sticky insect boards are hung 10cm-20cm above the plants, and the height is adjusted as the plants grow; comprehensive and detailed field inspections are carried out at least 3 times a week.

9. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S6, when the cauliflower is in the initial stage of disease, the wood vinegar is diluted 200-300 times and mixed with the biogenic fungicide. When the biogenic fungicide is Jinggangmycin, it needs to be diluted 1000 times; when the biogenic fungicide is Kasugamycin, it needs to be diluted 800 times. After that, the plants are sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed continuously for 2-3 times to effectively inhibit the spread of pathogens. At the same time, 100g-150g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is used per mu, diluted 500-800 times for foliar spraying to enhance the disease resistance of the plants.

10. The method for controlling pests and diseases of growing cool vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, when cabbage loopers and diamondback moths appear, biological insecticides are used for spraying. When the biological insecticide is a Beauveria bassiana preparation, it needs to be diluted 600 times. When the biological insecticide is rotenone, it needs to be diluted 1000 times, and the focus is on spraying the inside of the flower curd, the back of the leaves and the growing points.

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