Corn seedling raising method with fermented corn cobs as matrix

Abstract

A corn seedling raising method with fermented corn cobs as a matrix comprises the steps that corn cob sections and fermentation liquor are made, then seedling raising base sticks are made, the seedling raising base sticks are flatly laid on a seedbed, corn seeds are planted in the seedling raising base sticks after seed soaking, and then soil covering, film covering, maintenance and seedling emergence are conducted. Therefore, the grown corn seedlings can be transplanted together by taking the seedling culture base sticks as root bases, so that the root systems of the corn seedlings are kept intact, the root environment is not changed, the seedlings do not become yellow, wither and turn green after being transplanted, the vigorous growth momentum is kept, the seedling death phenomenon is avoided, and the survival rate of the seedlings is increased. The growth uniformity of transplanted seedlings in field plants can be ensured, and the seedlings are mature in advance and are suitable for being marketed in advance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for raising corn seedlings with fermented corn cob cores as the substrate. Background Art

[0002] Currently, for crops such as corn, cucumber, and tomato, fertilizer balls are used for seedling raising. Fertilizer ball seedling raising is a method of cultivating seedlings using spherical seedling-raising bodies made by mixing nutrient-rich substrates such as organic fertilizers, soil, peat, etc. The fertilizer ball substrate is pre-mixed with sufficient organic matter, minerals and other nutrients, which can provide comprehensive nutrients required for the growth of seedlings, avoid problems such as weak and yellow seedlings caused by poor soil fertility, promote the healthy development of roots and stems and leaves, and at the same time, transplanting with fertilizer balls can be achieved.

[0003] However, during the processes of seedling lifting, transportation and transplantation of fertilizer ball seedling raising, the roots will be damaged to varying degrees and the root environment will be changed, resulting in yellowing and wilting phenomena after transplantation. It takes a period of time to adapt before new roots germinate and resume water and nutrient supply, and the leaves turn green again, showing the "greening back" phenomenon. This process will slow down the growth of seedlings, and some seedlings may even die without greening back. Due to the different speeds of plant greening back, there are obvious differences in the growth of plants in the field, resulting in poor uniformity, and naturally there are strong and weak plants, large and small seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for raising corn seedlings with fermented corn cob cores as the substrate in view of the above problems, so that the seedling roots are connected to the corn cobs as a whole, the roots are intact and the shape remains unchanged during transplantation, and the environment can be quickly adapted, thus achieving unexpected technical effects, that is, not experiencing the process of "yellowing and wilting → greening back", always maintaining a strong growth momentum, avoiding wilting and death, improving the growth uniformity among plants in the field after transplantation, promoting early growth and rapid development, and advancing the market time.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for raising corn seedlings with fermented corn cob cores as the substrate, including the following steps: ⑴ Cut the corn cobs after removing the corn kernels into small sections of 2.5 - 3.5 cm to obtain seedling-raising rod sections.

[0006] ⑵ Dig out 0.9 - 1.0 cm from the center of one end of the seedling-raising rod section to reserve a seed nest.

[0007] ⑶ Immerse the seedling-raising rod sections after core-digging in the fermentation liquid for 66 - 78 hours to allow them to fully absorb water and soften, obtaining seedling-raising base rods.

[0008] ⑷Start soaking and germinating the seeds on the second day of soaking the corn cob segments. The method is as follows: Select plump and undamaged corn seeds, soak them in warm water at 48-52°C for 15 minutes, then change to normal-temperature clean water and soak for another 6 hours. Wrap them with a damp cloth and place them in an environment at 25-30°C for germination. Sow the seeds after 80% of them show white tips (about 48 hours).

[0009] ⑸Level the fine soil on the seedling bed to make the seedling bed, and then closely arrange the soaked seedling-growing base cobs neatly without gaps and place them on the seedling bed. Pay attention to placing the end with the reserved seed hole facing up for sowing.

[0010] ⑹Put one germinated seed with the tip facing up in each seed hole on each seedling-growing base cob, and then cover it with 0.5-1 cm thick fine soil.

[0011] ⑺After sowing and covering the soil, spray water until the soil is fully moist, and then build an arch frame on the seedling bed and cover it with a plastic film for heat preservation.

[0012] ⑻Seal the four sides of the film for heat preservation in the first three days during the seedling emergence period, and check the moisture once a day; if there are water droplets hanging on the tips of the corn seedlings in the seedling bed in the evening, there is no need to replenish water. Intuitively, the surface of the box does not turn white, does not crack, and does not need to replenish water. Keep the temperature at 20-25°C. On the fourth day after emergence, uncover the film according to the weather. Keep the film covered all day in rainy and cloudy days for heat preservation, and uncover the film from 10:00 to 15:00 on sunny days to cool down, and seal the four sides of the film for heat preservation at night.

[0013] ⑼Water the seedling bed thoroughly once a day before transplanting to ensure that the seedling-growing base cobs have enough water for transplanting with water.

[0014] ⑽The corn seedlings can be transplanted when they grow to one leaf and one heart. Choose a cloudy day or evening for transplanting to avoid sun exposure. At this time, the root hairs of the corn seedlings have penetrated into the seedling-growing base cobs but have not extended out of the seedling-growing base cobs. Transplant the seedling-growing base cobs together with the corn seedlings as the root base seat to keep the root system of the corn seedlings intact and ensure normal water supply. After transplanting and fixing, cover the soil and compact it. It is advisable to transplant early, transplant small, and transplant deep.

[0015] The fermentation broth is a sugar-phosphorus-potassium solution, and its preparation method is as follows: Prepare 25,000 parts of normal-temperature clean water, 100 parts of brown sugar, and 50 parts of 99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by weight; stir evenly to obtain the fermentation broth.

[0016] Preferably, the corn cobs are cut into small segments with a length of 3 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the soaking time of the corn cob segments in the fermentation broth is 72 hours.

[0018] Preferably, the water temperature for soaking the seeds is 50°C.

[0019] Preferably, the temperature for germinating with the damp cloth wrapped is 27°C.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following obvious effects: (1) The seedling-raising base rod made of corn cob cores is used to replace the fertilizer balls. The corn cob cores themselves are part of the corn plants, and using them as the seedling-raising substrate is more suitable for the growth of corn seedlings.

[0021] (2) Soaking the seedling-raising base rod in the fermentation liquid for simple fermentation can activate the nutrients in the corn cob cores, soften the tissues, retain the moisture, enable the corn seeds to germinate earlier and faster, and make their roots easier to penetrate into the seedling-raising base rod, facilitating transplantation.

[0022] (3) When the roots of the corn seedlings penetrate into the seedling-raising base rod but have not yet extended out of it, transplanting the seedling-raising base rod together as the root base seat keeps the roots of the corn seedlings intact and the root environment unchanged. After transplantation, the seedlings will not turn yellow or wilt, and there will be no "re-greening" phenomenon, achieving unexpected technical effects. Because generally, seedlings will wilt and then re-green during transplantation. After soaking the corn cob joints with the enzyme solution, the seedlings cultivated can still maintain a strong growth momentum during transplantation, and there will be no seedling death phenomenon, maintaining a neat growth trend, maturing earlier, and being suitable for early listing.

[0023] (4) Due to the toughness, elasticity, and fixity of the seedling-raising base rod, it will not deform or be damaged during seedling lifting and transportation. When transplanting, it is far superior to other fertilizer ball seedling-raising methods in terms of fixing the nest, planting, and shaping. It is obviously suitable for early planting, small-planting, and deep-planting, which has an obvious effect on improving the lodging resistance of field plants and can also ensure the uniformity of the growth of field plants after the seedlings are transplanted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a process diagram for preparing the fermentation liquid.

[0025] Figure 2 It is for cutting the corn cob cores (2-1), digging the central holes (2-2), and soaking them in the fermentation liquid (2-3) to make the seedling-raising base rods.

[0026] Figure 3 It is for seed selection, seed soaking, and germination acceleration.

[0027] Figure 4 It is for placing the base rods and sowing seeds.

[0028] Figure 5 It is for spraying water on the seedbed and building the arch frame.

[0029] Figure 6 It is for observing the germination of corn, removing the arch frame, and observing the corn seedlings growing on the seedling-raising base rods.

[0030] Figure 7 It is for lifting the seedlings and transplanting the seedlings.

[0031] Figure 8 Seven days after transplanting the corn seedlings, well-developed root systems can be observed in the corn seedlings. Specific implementation manners

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The following embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention rather than further limit the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby.

[0033] First, prepare the fermentation liquid. Take 100 grams of first-grade brown sugar, 50 grams of 99% high-purity potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 25 kg of normal-temperature purified water, mix and stir well to obtain the sugar-phosphorus-potassium solution, which is the fermentation liquid; the fermentation liquid required for the remaining embodiments is prepared in this way.

[0034] Embodiment 1 of seedling raising in 2024, location: Seedling test field in Shiye Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing City.

[0035] ⑴ Cut the corn cob cores after removing the corn kernels into small sections of 2.5 cm to obtain the seedling-raising rod joints.

[0036] ⑵ Dig out 0.9 - 1.0 cm at the center of one end of the seedling-raising rod joint to reserve the seed nest.

[0037] ⑶ Immerse the prepared corn cob joints in the fermentation liquid for 66 hours to allow them to fully absorb water and soften, obtaining the seedling-raising base rods.

[0038] ⑷ After soaking the seedling-raising base rods for 24 hours, start soaking and germinating the seeds: Select plump and undamaged corn seeds, soak them in warm water at 48 °C for 15 minutes, then soak them in normal-temperature purified water for 6 hours, wrap them with a wet cloth and place them in an environment at 25 °C for germination. After 52 hours, when 80% of the seeds show white tips, sow them.

[0039] ⑸ Level the fine soil on the seedling-raising bed, arrange 100 seedling-raising base rods closely and neatly without gaps with each other, place them on the seedling-raising bed, and keep the end with the dug-out core and reserved seed nest facing up.

[0040] ⑹ Put one germinated seed with the tip facing up in the seed nest of each seedling-raising base rod, and cover it with 0.5 - 0.7 cm thick fine soil.

[0041] ⑺ After sowing and covering the soil, spray water until the soil is fully moist, then build an arch frame on the seedling bed and cover it with a plastic film for heat preservation.

[0042] ⑻ In the first 3 days when the seedlings emerge, seal the four sides of the film for heat preservation, keep the temperature at 20 - 25 °C. Starting from the 4th day after emergence, cover the film all day in rainy days for heat preservation, and uncover the film from 10:00 to 15:00 on sunny days to cool down and prevent burning the seedlings; check the moisture once a day. As long as the surface of the box is not white and does not crack, and water droplets can hang on the tips of the corn seedling leaves in the evening, there is no need to replenish water. Moderate drought after emergence is beneficial to promoting root growth and enhancing the resistance of the seedlings.

[0043] (9) Germination started on the 3rd day, and emergence was completed on the 5th day, but 4 nests did not emerge; the emergence rate was 96%. (10) When the corn seedlings grew to one leaf and one heart stage, choose a cloudy day or evening to avoid direct sunlight exposure. At this time, the root hairs of the corn seedlings penetrated deep into the seedling-raising base rod, and the seedling-raising base rod was transplanted together with the root base as a whole, so that the corn seedlings maintained intact roots. After transplanting and planting, cover the soil and compact it.

[0044] (11) On the 4th day after transplantation, the corn seedlings grew 1 new true leaf. After 12 days, a total of 3 - 4 true leaves grew, and the average plant height reached 13 cm. The root hairs had extended into the soil through a large number of the seedling-raising base rods. During this period, no yellowing or wilting of the seedlings was found. They were always green leaves, and all survived. The transplanting survival rate was 100%, and they grew rapidly without a regreening period.

[0045] Example 2 of seedling raising in 2024, Location: Seedling test field in Shiye Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing City.

[0046] (1) Cut the corn cob cores after removing the corn kernels into 3 - cm small sections to obtain seedling-raising rod segments.

[0047] (2) Dig out 0.9 - 1.0 cm at the center of one end of the seedling-raising rod segment to reserve a seed nest.

[0048] (3) Immerse the prepared corn cob segments in the fermentation liquid for 72 hours to allow them to fully absorb water and soften, obtaining the seedling-raising base rods.

[0049] (4) After soaking the seedling-raising base rods for 24 hours, start soaking seeds and germinating: Select plump and undamaged corn seeds, soak them in warm water at 50 °C for 15 minutes, then soak them in normal-temperature clean water for 6 hours, wrap them with a wet cloth and place them in an environment at 27 °C for germination. After 48 hours, when 80% of the seeds show white tips, sow them.

[0050] (5) Level the fine soil on the seedling-raising bed, arrange 100 seedling-raising base rods closely and neatly without gaps, place them on the seedling-raising bed, with the end where the core is dug out and the seed nest reserved facing upwards.

[0051] (6) Put one germinated seed with the tip facing upwards in the seed nest of each seedling-raising base rod, and cover it with 0.7 - 0.9 cm thick fine soil.

[0052] (7) After sowing and covering the soil, spray water until the soil is fully moist, then build an arch frame on the seedling bed and cover it with a plastic film for heat preservation.

[0053] (8) In the first 3 days after emergence, the film around is sealed to keep warm, and the temperature is maintained at 20 - 25°C. From the 4th day after emergence, the film is covered all day on rainy and cloudy days to keep warm, and from 10:00 to 15:00 on sunny days, the film needs to be uncovered to cool down and prevent burning the seedlings; Check the moisture once a day. As long as the surface of the box is not white and does not crack, and water droplets can hang on the tips of the corn seedling leaves in the evening, there is no need to replenish water. Moderate drought after emergence is beneficial to promoting root growth and enhancing the resistance of the seedlings.

[0054] (9) Sprouting starts after the 3rd day, and emergence is completed on the 5th day, but 3 nests did not emerge; The emergence rate is 97%; (10) When the corn seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, choose a cloudy day or evening to carry out the operation, avoiding direct sunlight exposure. At this time, the root hairs of the corn seedlings penetrate deep into the seedling-raising base rod, and the seedling-raising base rod is transplanted together with the root base seat as a whole, so that the corn seedlings keep the root system intact. After transplanting and planting, cover the soil and compact it.

[0055] (11) On the 3rd day after transplantation, the corn seedlings grew 1 new true leaf. After 10 days, a total of 3 - 4 true leaves grew, and the average plant height reached 15 cm. The root hairs had extended a large amount through the seedling-raising base rod into the soil. During this period, no yellowing or wilting of the seedlings was found. They were always green leaves, and all survived. The transplanting survival rate was 100%, and they grew rapidly without a regreening period.

[0056] Example 3 of seedling raising in 2024, Location: Seedling test field in Shiye Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing City.

[0057] (1) Cut the corn cob cores after removing the corn kernels into small sections of 3.5 cm to obtain seedling-raising rod segments.

[0058] (2) Dig out 0.9 - 1.0 cm at the center of one end of the seedling-raising rod segment to reserve a seed nest.

[0059] (3) Put the prepared corn cob segments into the fermentation liquid and soak for 78 hours to make them fully absorb water and soften, obtaining seedling-raising base rods.

[0060] (4) After soaking the seedling-raising base rods for 24 hours, start soaking the seeds and germinating: Select plump and undamaged corn seeds, soak them in warm water at 52°C for 15 minutes, then soak them in normal-temperature clean water for 6 hours, and then wrap them with a wet cloth and place them in an environment at 30°C for germination. After 46 hours, when 80% of the seeds show white tips, sow them.

[0061] (5) Level the fine soil on the seedling-raising bed, arrange 100 seedling-raising base rods closely and neatly without spacing with each other, place them on the seedling-raising bed, and the end with the core dug out and the seed nest reserved faces upward.

[0062] (6) Put one seed with a white tip in the seed nest of each seedling-raising base rod, with the bud tip facing upward, and cover it with 0.8 - 1.0 cm thick fine soil.

[0063] ⑺After sowing and covering the soil, spray water until the soil is fully moistened, then build an arch frame on the seedbed and cover the arch frame with plastic film to keep it warm.

[0064] ⑻ For the first three days after germination, the film should be sealed all around to keep the temperature at 20-25℃. From the fourth day after germination, the film should be covered all day on rainy days to keep the temperature. On sunny days, the film should be removed from 10 am to 3 pm to cool down and prevent the seedlings from burning. Check the moisture once a day. As long as the box surface does not turn white or crack, and water drops can be seen on the leaf tips of the corn seedlings in the evening, there is no need to add water. Moderate drought after germination is conducive to promoting rooting and enhancing the resistance of seedlings.

[0065] (9) Germination began after the third day and was complete on the fifth day, but no germination occurred in four nests; the germination rate was 96%; (10) When the corn seedlings have one leaf and one heart, choose a cloudy day or evening to transplant them, avoiding direct sunlight. At this time, the roots of the corn seedlings will penetrate deep into the seedling base stick. The seedling base stick should be used as a root base for transplanting, so that the root system of the corn seedlings remains intact. After transplanting and planting, cover the soil and compact it.

[0066] (11) On the third day after transplanting, the corn seedlings grew a new true leaf. Eleven days later, they had grown a total of 3-4 true leaves. The average plant height reached 14 cm. The roots had penetrated the seedling base and extended into the soil in large numbers. During this period, no yellowing or wilting of the seedlings was found. The leaves remained green and all survived. The transplant survival rate was 100%. The plants grew rapidly without a regreening period.

[0067] 2024 seedling cultivation comparison example 1, location: seedling experimental field in Shiye Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing City.

[0068] ⑴ Make 100 fertilizer balls; spread a layer of fine soil on the seedling bed, and place the fertilizer balls neatly on the seedling bed without any spacing.

[0069] ⑵ Select plump, undamaged corn seeds, soak them in 50℃ warm water for 15 minutes, then change to clean water at room temperature and soak for 6 hours. Wrap them in a wet cloth and place them in a 25-30℃ environment to germinate. Wait until 80% of the seeds turn white before sowing them (they can be sown in 2 days).

[0070] ⑶ Place a white seed in the seed hole of each fertilizer ball with the bud tip facing upwards and cover with 1 cm thick fine soil; then spray water until the soil is fully moistened, build an arch frame and cover with plastic film to keep warm.

[0071] ⑷ Germination begins on the 3rd day after sowing. Before emergence, the film is sealed all around to keep warm. On the 5th day, all the corn seedlings have emerged. On sunny days, the film is removed from 11:00 to 15:00 to reduce the temperature and prevent burning of the seedlings. On rainy days, the film is sealed all day to keep warm.

[0072] ⑸ Moisture management: Water the seedbed once on the 4th day after sowing to ensure that there is sufficient moisture for some of the seeds that germinate slowly when the seeds in the seedbed emerge. After all the seedlings have emerged, as long as the seedbed does not crack and water droplets can hang on the tips of the cotyledons of the seedlings in the evening, there is no need to water. Moderate drought is beneficial to the healthy growth of corn seedlings. Germination starts on the 3rd day, and emergence is completed on the 5th day, but there are 4 nests without emergence; the emergence rate is 96%.

[0073] ⑹ When the corn seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart stage, transplant them on a cloudy day or in the evening to avoid sun exposure. After transplanting and planting, cover the soil and compact it.

[0074] ⑺ On the second day after transplanting, the seedlings showed yellowing and wilting. They started to turn green after 3 days and returned to normal growth after 7 days. After 10 days, a total of 2 - 3 true leaves grew, and the average plant height reached 12 cm, but 6 plants died. The transplanting survival rate was 94%. There were obvious differences in the growth vigor among the corn seedlings, and the field plant uniformity was significantly different in height.

[0075] It can be seen that the emergence rate of seedlings using the fermented seedling - raising base rods is 97%, and the transplanting survival rate is 100%. Moreover, there is no process of "yellowing and withering → turning green". The growth rate is fast, and the average plant height reaches 15 cm 10 days after transplanting, with good growth uniformity in the field. While for the conventional fertilizer ball seedling - raising, although the emergence rate is 96%, the transplanting survival rate is only 94%, and there is a 3 - day process of "yellowing and withering → turning green". The growth rate is slow, and the average plant height is only 12 cm 10 days after transplanting. Due to the individual differences in the speed of turning green among the plants, the growth uniformity in the field is poor.

[0076] Seedling - raising Example 1 in 2025, Location: Seedling test field in Shiye Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing City.

[0077] ⑴ At 15:00 on April 24, 2025, take 100 grams of first - grade brown sugar, 50 grams of 99% high - purity potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 25 kg of normal - temperature purified water, mix and stir well to obtain the fermentation liquid, as Figure 1 .

[0078] ⑵ At 16:00 on April 24, 2025, cut the corn cob cores after removing the corn kernels into small sections of 3 cm, and dig out the core 1 cm at one end of the base rod to reserve the seed nest, obtaining 230 seedling - raising rod sections, as Figure 2 .

[0079] ⑶ At 17:00 on April 24, 2025, soak the formed seedling - raising corn rod sections in the fermentation liquid. After soaking for 72 hours, obtain the seedling - raising base rods.

[0080] ⑷ At 16:00 on April 25, 2025, select 300 plump and non - damaged corn seeds (100 seeds each of Liaohe 308, Meigu 888, and Tiannuo 15), soak them in 50°C warm water for 15 minutes, then change to normal - temperature purified water and soak for another 6 hours, and then wrap them with a wet cloth and place them in an environment of 27°C for germination for 48 hours, asFigure 3 。

[0081] ⑸ At 17:00 on April 27, 2025, spread the fine soil flat to make a seedbed, and arrange 227 seedling-raising base rods (3 of the original 230 sections were damaged) closely and neatly in a row without gaps, and place them on the seedbed, as Figure 4-1 。

[0082] ⑹ At 17:40 on April 27, 2025, put one germinated seed with the tip of the bud facing up in each seed pit on each seedling-raising base rod. A total of 227 seeds were sown for the three varieties, including 75 seeds of Liaohe 308, 75 seeds of Meigu 888, and 77 seeds of Tiannuo 15. Evenly cover with 1 cm thick of fine soil, as Figure 4-2 。

[0083] ⑺ After sowing and covering the soil, spray water until the soil is fully moist, set up an arch frame and cover it with a plastic film for heat preservation, as Figure 5 。

[0084] ⑻ Observation started at 16:00 on April 29, 2025 and the first seedlings emerged. Observation at 16:00 on May 1 showed that all the seedlings had emerged. The emergence situation: 74 seedlings of Liaohe 308 emerged, with an emergence rate of 98.6%; 73 seedlings of Meigu 888 emerged, with an emergence rate of 97.3%; 75 seedlings of Tiannuo 15 emerged, with an emergence rate of 97.4%; the average emergence rate of the three varieties was 97.8%, as Figure 6 。

[0085] ⑼ Water management: Water the seedbed once at 17:00 on April 30, 2025 and once at 17:00 on May 3; each time the seedbed is watered, it must be watered thoroughly.

[0086] ⑽ Heat preservation film management: From April 27 to 30, 2025, keep it sealed and insulated all day long. From May 1 to May 3, uncover the film for ventilation from 10:00 am to 16:00 pm. Remove all the film and arch frames on the evening of May 3 to restore the natural environment.

[0087] ⑾ At 17:00 on May 4, 2025, the corn seedlings had reached one leaf and one heart, and at this time, they began to be transplanted to the field, as Figure 7 。

[0088] ⑿ From May 5 to 6, 2025, the corn seedlings grew one more true leaf. During this period, no yellowing or wilting of the seedlings was found. They were always green leaves and all survived, with a transplanting survival rate of 100%, and the plants maintained a strong growth momentum.

[0089] ⒀ Observation at 17:00 on May 9, 2025 showed that the corn seedlings had grown 2 more true leaves, the plants in the field had reached three leaves and one heart, and a large number of roots had extended into the soil at the roots.

[0090] ⒁Observation at 10:00 on May 11, 2025 showed that the corn seedling root systems were extremely developed and lush. The growth was vigorous, the plants were tender and green, free from diseases and pests, and the growth uniformity was good. As Figure 8 .

[0091] From this experiment, it can be known that the corn seedling raising method using fermented corn cob cores as the substrate can achieve a corn seedling emergence rate of 97.8% and a transplanting survival rate of 100%, and the growth is uniform.

[0092] In the seedling raising comparative example 1 in 2025, location: the seedling test field in Shiye Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing City.

[0093] ⑴From 13:00 to 17:00 on April 27, 2025, 225 fertilizer balls were made; a layer of fine soil was spread evenly on the seedling bed, and the fertilizer balls were neatly arranged on the seedling bed without gaps.

[0094] ⑵At 17:00 on April 25, 2025, a total of 300 plump and undamaged corn seeds (100 seeds each of Liaohe 308, Meigu 888, and Tiannuo 15) were selected, soaked in warm water at 50°C for 15 minutes, then changed to normal temperature clean water and soaked for another 6 hours, and then wrapped in a wet cloth and placed in an environment at 25 - 28°C for germination for 48 hours.

[0095] ⑶At 17:20 on April 27, 2025, one germinated seed with the bud tip facing up was placed in the seed hole of each fertilizer ball. A total of 225 seeds of the three varieties were sown, including 75 seeds of Liaohe 308, 75 seeds of Meigu 888, and 75 seeds of Tiannuo 15, and evenly covered with 1 cm thick of fine soil.

[0096] ⑷After sowing, the soil was covered and watered until the soil was fully moist, and an arch frame was set up and covered with a plastic film for heat preservation.

[0097] ⑸Observation at 17:00 on April 29, 2025 showed the first emergence, and observation at 17:00 on May 1 showed that all the seedlings had emerged. The emergence situation: 74 seedlings of Liaohe 308 emerged, with an emergence rate of 98.6%; 73 seedlings of Meigu 888 emerged, with an emergence rate of 97.3%; 73 seedlings of Tiannuo 15 emerged, with an emergence rate of 97.3%; the average emergence rate of the three varieties was 97.7%.

[0098] ⑹Water management: The seedling bed was watered once at 17:00 on April 30, 2025 and once at 17:00 on May 3; each time the seedling bed was watered, it must be watered thoroughly.

[0099] ⑺Insulation film management: From April 27 to 30, 2025, it was sealed and insulated all day long. From May 1 to May 3, ventilation was carried out by removing the film from 10:00 am to 16:00 pm. On the evening of May 3, the film and the arch frame were all removed to restore the natural environment.

[0100] ⑻At 17:00 on May 4, 2025, the corn seedlings had reached the one-leaf and one-heart stage, and at this time, they began to be transplanted to the field.

[0101] (9) From May 5th to 6th, 2025, it was found that the transplanted seedlings showed yellowing and wilting to varying degrees; they began to turn green again from May 7th to 8th and resumed normal growth on the 11th. There were 13 dead seedlings, and the transplanting survival rate was 94%. There were obvious differences in the growth vigor among the corn seedlings, and the plant uniformity in the field was significantly inconsistent in height.

[0102] It can be seen that the seedling emergence rate of the seedlings using the fermented seedling-raising base rod is 97.8%, and the transplanting survival rate is 100%. Moreover, there is no process of "yellowing and wilting → turning green again", the growth rate is fast, and the growth uniformity in the field is good; while the seedling emergence rate of the seedlings using the conventional fertilizer ball for seedling raising is 97.3%, but the transplanting survival rate is only 94%, and there is a 3-day process of "yellowing and wilting → turning green again", the growth rate is slow, and there are individual differences in the growth among the plants due to the different speeds of turning green again, resulting in poor growth uniformity in the field.

Claims

1. A corn seedling raising method with fermented corn cob cores as the substrate, characterized in that It includes the following steps: ⑴ Cut the corncob after removing the corn kernels into small sections of 2.5 - 3.5 cm to obtain corncob sections; ⑵ Dig out 0.9 - 1.0 cm at the center of one end of the corncob section to reserve a seed nest; ⑶ Immerse the corncob section after core - digging in the fermentation liquid for 66 - 78 hours to obtain a seedling - raising base rod; ⑷ Start soaking and germinating the seeds on the second day of immersing the corncob section. The method is as follows: Select plump and undamaged corn seeds, soak them in warm water at 48 - 52 °C for 15 minutes, then change to normal - temperature clean water and soak for another 6 hours. Wrap them with a wet cloth and place them in an environment at 25 - 30 °C for germination. Sow after 80% of the seeds show white tips; ⑸ Level the fine soil on the seedling - raising bed to make a seedbed, then closely arrange the soaked seedling - raising base rods in a row without gaps and place them on the seedling - raising bed. Pay attention to keeping the end with the reserved seed nest after core - digging facing upwards; ⑹ Put one germinated seed with the tip facing upwards in each seed nest of the seedling - raising base rod, and then cover it with 0.5 - 1 cm thick fine soil; ⑺ Spray water until the soil is fully moist after sowing and covering the soil, then build an arch frame on the seedbed and cover it with a plastic film for heat preservation; ⑻ Seal the four - week of the film for heat preservation in the first three days during the seedling emergence period. Check the moisture once a day. If there are water droplets on the tips of the corn seedlings in the evening, there is no need to supplement water; Keep the temperature at 20 - 25 °C. Uncover the film according to the weather on the fourth day after emergence. Keep the film covered all day in rainy and cloudy days for heat preservation, and uncover the film from 10:00 to 15:00 on sunny days to cool down, and seal the four - week of the film for heat preservation at night; ⑼ Water the seedbed thoroughly once a day before transplanting to make the seedling - raising base rod have enough water and transplant with water; ⑽ The corn seedlings can be transplanted when they grow to one leaf and one heart. Choose a cloudy day or evening for transplanting to avoid sun exposure. At this time, the root hairs of the corn seedlings have penetrated into the seedling - raising base rod but have not extended out of the seedling - raising base rod. Use the seedling - raising base rod as the root base of the corn seedlings and transplant them together as a whole, keeping the root system of the corn seedlings intact and ensuring normal water supply; After transplanting and planting, cover the soil and compact it.

2. The corn seedling raising method using fermented corn cob cores as the substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermentation liquid is a sugar - phosphorus - potassium liquid, and its preparation method is as follows: Prepare 25000 parts of normal - temperature clean water, 100 parts of brown sugar, and 50 parts of 99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by weight; Stir evenly to obtain the fermentation liquid.

3. The corn seedling raising method with fermented corn cob cores as the substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The corncob is cut into small sections with a length of 3 cm.

4. The corn seedling raising method with fermented corn cob cores as the substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The time for the corncob section to be immersed in the fermentation liquid is 72 hours.

5. The corn seedling raising method with fermented corn cob cores as the substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The water temperature for soaking the seeds is 50 °C.

6. The corn seedling raising method using fermented corn cob cores as a substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature for germinating with the wet cloth wrapped is 27 °C.

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