Method for planting and processing tomatoes in moderate and light saline-alkali farmland

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting and processing tomatoes in moderate and light saline-alkali farmlands, and belongs to the technical field of processing tomato cultivation methods. According to the method, the drip irrigation belts are laid on the flat ground at intervals, a film mulching mode is adopted, the unique high-evaporation weather condition of the Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang is utilized, after drip irrigation watering, the transpiration circulation effect of water is formed in the mulching film, salt in saline-alkali soil in the planting area can be transferred to the salt enrichment area, the salt and alkali degree of the planting area is greatly reduced, and the yield of saline-alkali soil is increased. And then the film surface is punched to transplant tomato seedlings. The method reduces the adverse effect of salt and alkali on tomato seedling processing. According to the planting method, the salt content in the planting area can be effectively reduced, and due to the fact that special fertilizer is not used, the phenomenon that the yields of different areas are different due to soil differences of the different areas is avoided. The planting method is simple, easy to control and suitable for popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of processing tomato cultivation methods, and in particular relates to a method for planting processing tomatoes in moderate and light saline-alkali farmland. Background Art

[0002] The processing tomatoes produced in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region due to its unique natural conditions have few pests and diseases, high lycopene and soluble solids content, and have become one of the main economic crops in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. However, due to the low precipitation and high evaporation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region faces the problem of land salinization. The existing technology uses a variety of technical means to improve and utilize saline-alkali land so that crops can grow normally in moderately and slightly saline-alkali land in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. However, these methods have high investment costs and unstable effects, and it is difficult to ensure high yield and high efficiency, which is not conducive to the promotion and application of saline-alkali land comprehensive utilization technology. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method for planting processing tomatoes in moderately and slightly saline-alkali land. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting processing tomatoes in moderately and slightly saline-alkali farmland, which is used to reduce the cost of planting processing tomatoes in saline-alkali land, ensure the survival rate of processing tomato transplant seedlings, increase the yield, and facilitate large-scale planting of processing tomatoes in saline-alkali land.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for planting and processing tomatoes in moderately or slightly saline-alkali farmland, comprising the following steps: (1) Divide the saline-alkali land into planting areas and salt-enriched areas by laying mulch and drip irrigation tapes; (2) Lay drip irrigation tapes and ground film in the planting area, use drip irrigation under the film, start watering 15 to 30 days before transplanting the seedlings, water every 5 to 9 days, and water 1 to 3 times through the drip irrigation tape; (3) Test the soil salinity in the planting area. When the salinity in the planting area drops to 2‰, drill holes in the ground film and transplant the tomato seedlings.

[0005] Preferably, the width of the planting area is 90~180cm.

[0006] Preferably, the width of the salt-enriched zone is 30-60 cm.

[0007] Preferably, the mulch film is a fully biodegradable mulch film or a polyethylene (PE) mulch film, and the width of the mulch film after covering is 70 to 160 cm.

[0008] Preferably, the processing tomatoes are cultivated in a cultivation method of one film with two rows or one film with four rows.

[0009] Preferably, the one film and two rows method comprises arranging a drip irrigation belt in the middle of the ground film.

[0010] Preferably, the one film and four rows system is provided with two drip irrigation tapes in the wide row of the ground film, with the spacing between the drip irrigation tapes and the adjacent planting rows being 10-15 cm, or one drip irrigation tape is provided in each narrow row of the ground film.

[0011] Preferably, the plant spacing of the transplanted tomato seedlings is 25-35 cm, and the row spacing is 30-60 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the survival rate of the transplanted processed tomato seedlings to the field planting area is above 80%.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention adopts the mode of laying drip irrigation belts and covering films at intervals on the flat ground, which improves the efficiency of mechanized operation while ensuring the airtightness of the upper part of the laid ground film. By utilizing the unique geographical conditions of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, after drip irrigation, a transpiration cycle of water is formed in the upper part of the ground film, which can transfer the salt in the saline-alkali land to the interval between the films, greatly reduce the salinity of the soil covered by the ground film, and avoid the adverse effects of salt and alkali on processing tomato seedlings. The planting method of the present invention can effectively reduce the salt content in saline-alkali land, and since the application does not involve the use of special fertilizers, there will be no phenomenon of different yields in different regions due to soil differences in different regions. The planting method of the present invention is simple and easy to control, and is suitable for enterprise promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention provides a method for planting and processing tomatoes in lightly and moderately saline-alkali farmland, comprising the following steps: (1) Divide the saline-alkali land into planting areas and salt-enriched areas by laying drip irrigation tapes and mulch films; (2) Lay drip irrigation tapes and drip irrigation belts in the planting area, use sub-film drip irrigation, start watering 15 to 30 days before transplanting and processing tomato seedlings, and water 1 to 3 times every 5 to 9 days through the drip irrigation tape; (3) Test the soil salinity in the planting area. When the salinity in the planting area drops to 2‰, drill holes in the ground film and transplant the tomato seedlings.

[0015] In the present invention, the width of the planting area is 90-180 cm, the width of the salt-enriched area is 30-60 cm, the mulch film is a fully biodegradable mulch film or a polyethylene (PE) mulch film, and the width of the mulch film surface after covering is 70-160 cm.

[0016] In the present invention, the drip irrigation method under the film is adopted, and watering begins 15 to 30 days before transplanting the seedlings, and watering is carried out 1 to 3 times every 5 to 9 days through the drip irrigation belt. The watering amount each time is 12 to 30 m 3 / mu.

[0017] In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the method for detecting the salinity of the soil in the planting area, and a conventional method can be used. After the salinity is reduced to 2‰, holes are punched in the ground film, and processing tomato seedlings with 3 to 5 true leaves are transplanted. The present invention utilizes the unique geographical conditions of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. After drip irrigation, a transpiration cycle of water is formed in the upper part of the ground film, which can transfer the salt in the saline-alkali land to the gap between the films, thereby greatly reducing the salinity of the soil covered by the ground film. Subsequently, holes are punched on the film surface to transplant tomato seedlings, thereby reducing the impact of salt and alkali on the processing tomato seedlings.

[0018] In the present invention, the processing tomatoes are cultivated in one film with two rows or one film with four rows; when the processing tomatoes are cultivated in one film with two rows, the width of the ground film after covering is preferably 123-130 cm, more preferably 125 cm, and a drip irrigation belt is arranged in the middle of the ground film; when the processing tomatoes are cultivated in one film with four rows, the width of the ground film after covering is preferably 120-147 cm, more preferably 145 cm, and wide and narrow rows are arranged, wherein the wide row is located at the center of the ground film, the width of the wide row is 45-65 cm, preferably 50-60 cm, more preferably 55 cm, and two drip irrigation belts are arranged in the wide row of the ground film, and the spacing between the drip irrigation belt and the adjacent planting row is 10-15 cm; or one drip irrigation belt is arranged in each narrow row of the ground film. Drip irrigation tapes are set in wide rows and not in narrow rows; drip irrigation tapes are set in narrow rows and not in wide rows. Drip irrigation tapes cannot be set in wide and narrow rows at the same time. Only one of the methods of setting the drip irrigation tapes can be selected.

[0019] In the present invention, the plant spacing of processing tomatoes is 25-35 cm, preferably 27-33 cm, more preferably 30 cm, the row spacing is 30-60 cm, preferably 40-55 cm, more preferably 45 cm, and the survival rate of planted tomatoes is above 80%.

[0020] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0021] On the land where processing tomatoes are planted, mulch is laid every 30 cm, the width of the mulch is 125 cm, and the width of the mulch after covering is 95 ± 5 cm. A drip irrigation belt is laid in the middle of the mulch. Watering begins 16 days before transplanting the seedlings. Every 8 days, water is applied once in the morning and evening of the same day through the drip irrigation belt. The drip irrigation volume in the morning is 23m3 / mu, the drip irrigation volume at night is 7m 3 / mu. Use a soil salinity detector to test soil salinity. When the soil salinity drops to 2‰, stop drip irrigation.

[0022] The processing tomato seedlings with 3 to 5 true leaves were transplanted onto the perforated mulch film, and two rows of processing tomatoes were planted on each mulch film, with a plant spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 45 cm. One week after planting, the survival rate of the transplanted processing tomatoes was observed to be 94.3%, and the dead seedlings were replanted. Example 2

[0023] On the land where processing tomatoes are planted, ground film is laid every 30 cm, the width of the ground film is 180 cm, and the width of the ground film after covering is 145 ± 5 cm. Wide and narrow rows are set under the ground film, and a wide row with a width of 55 cm is set in the center of the ground film. Two drip irrigation belts are set in the wide row of the ground film, and the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the adjacent planting row is 12.5 ± 2.5 cm. Watering begins 16 days before transplanting the seedlings. Every 8 days, water is applied once in the morning and evening of the same day through the drip irrigation belt, and the drip irrigation volume in the morning is 23m 3 / mu, the drip irrigation volume at night is 7m 3 / mu. Use a soil salinity detector to test soil salinity. When the soil salinity drops to 2‰, stop drip irrigation.

[0024] The processing tomato seedlings with 3 to 5 true leaves were transplanted onto the perforated mulch. Four rows of processing tomatoes were planted on each mulch. The spacing between processing tomatoes was 30 cm, and the spacing between two adjacent rows of processing tomatoes on the same side of the drip irrigation belt was 35 cm. One week after planting, the survival rate of transplanted processing tomatoes was observed to be 92.1%, and the dead seedlings were replanted. Example 3

[0025] On the land where processing tomatoes are planted, mulch is laid every 60 cm, the width of the mulch is 90 cm, and the width of the mulch after covering is 60 ± 5 cm. A drip irrigation belt is laid in the middle of the mulch. Watering begins 15 days before transplanting the seedlings, and water is applied once every 5 days through the drip irrigation belt. The drip irrigation volume is 30m 3 / mu. Use a soil salinity detector to test soil salinity. When the soil salinity drops to 2‰, stop drip irrigation.

[0026] The processing tomato seedlings with 3 to 5 true leaves were transplanted onto the perforated mulch film, and two rows of processing tomatoes were planted on each mulch film, with a plant spacing of 25 cm and a row spacing of 45 cm. One week after planting, the survival rate of the transplanted processing tomatoes was observed to be 90.6%, and the dead seedlings were replanted. Example 4

[0027] On the land where processing tomatoes are planted, mulch is laid every 45 cm, with a width of 150 cm. After covering, the width of the mulch is 125 ± 5 cm. A drip irrigation belt is laid in the middle of the mulch. Watering begins 21 days before transplanting the seedlings. Every 7 days, water is applied once in the morning, noon and evening on the same day through the drip irrigation belt, with a drip irrigation volume of 15m in the morning. 3 / mu, the drip irrigation volume at noon is 10m 3 / mu, the drip irrigation volume at night is 5m 3 / mu. Use a soil salinity detector to test soil salinity. When the soil salinity drops to 2‰, stop drip irrigation.

[0028] The processing tomato seedlings with 3 to 5 true leaves were transplanted onto the perforated mulch film, and two rows of processing tomatoes were planted on each mulch film, with a plant spacing of 35 cm and a row spacing of 60 cm. One week after planting, the survival rate of the transplanted processing tomatoes was observed to be 95.2%, and the dead seedlings were replanted. Example 5

[0029] On the land where processing tomatoes are planted, ground film is laid every 30 cm, the width of the ground film is 180 cm, and the width of the ground film after covering is 145 ± 5 cm. Wide and narrow rows are set under the ground film, and a wide row with a width of 55 cm is set in the center of the ground film. A drip irrigation belt is set in each narrow row of the ground film, and the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the adjacent planting row is 17.5 ± 2.5 cm. Watering begins 16 days before transplanting the seedlings. Every 8 days, water is applied once in the morning and evening of the same day through the drip irrigation belt, and the drip irrigation volume in the morning is 23m 3 / mu, the drip irrigation volume at night is 7m 3 / mu. Use a soil salinity detector to test soil salinity. When the soil salinity drops to 2‰, stop drip irrigation.

[0030] The processing tomato seedlings with 3 to 5 true leaves were transplanted onto the perforated mulch film, and four rows of processing tomatoes were planted on each mulch film, with a spacing of 30 cm between the plants. One week after planting, the survival rate of the transplanted processing tomatoes was observed to be 91.7%, and the dead seedlings were replanted. Comparative Example 1

[0031] The difference from Example 1 is that the interval between the flat ground films is 10 cm. Comparative Example 2

[0032] The difference from Example 1 is that the interval between the flat ground films is 70 cm. Comparative Example 3

[0033] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the ground film is 70 cm, and the width of the ground film after covering is 35±5 cm. Comparative Example 4

[0034] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the ground film is 200 cm, and the width of the ground film after covering is 170±5 cm. Comparative Example 5

[0035] The difference from Example 1 is that drip irrigation is performed again while transplanting and processing the tomato seedlings. Experimental example

[0036] Heinz H1015 processing tomatoes were used for field experiments at a cattle breeding farm in Hutubi County, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on April 23, 2022. The tomatoes were planted according to the methods of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, and other field management measures were carried out according to conventional methods. The fruit uniformity, single fruit weight, and yield of processing tomatoes in different treatment groups were compared. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 Fruit uniformity, single fruit weight and yield of processing tomatoes under different treatments

[0038] As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of processing tomatoes obtained by the planting methods of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 5. The single fruit weight of Example 4 is the highest at 78.5 g, but its yield is slightly lower than that of Example 1, which is due to the lower planting density of Example 4 than that of Example 1. By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1 to 2, it can be seen that too large or too small intervals of flat film covering are not conducive to the transfer of salt to the film seams, thereby reducing the yield of processing tomatoes, and because the width of the flat film covering in Comparative Example 1 is small, mechanical harvesting cannot be used, and only manual harvesting can be performed, which prolongs the harvesting time and increases the investment in labor costs.

[0039] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 3-4, it can be seen that the width of the film determines the row spacing of processing tomatoes and the transpiration rate of water under the film. A film that is too wide or too narrow is not conducive to the planting of processing tomatoes. A film that is too narrow causes the distance between two rows of processing tomatoes to be too close, affecting the single fruit weight and yield of processing tomatoes. A film that is too wide causes a reduction in the planting amount of processing tomatoes, affecting the total yield.

[0040] It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 that although there is no difference in yield and single fruit weight with Example 1, since the land has been fully drip-irrigated before transplanting, drip irrigation is continued during transplanting, resulting in excessive exposure of some tomato roots to water, resulting in a much lower plant survival rate than in Examples 1 to 5, requiring a large number of seedling replacements, which increases the investment in production costs.

[0041] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing processing tomatoes in moderately and slightly saline-alkali farmland, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Divide the saline-alkali land into planting areas and salt-enriched areas by laying mulch and drip irrigation tapes; (2) Lay drip irrigation tapes and mulch films in the planting area, and use drip irrigation under the film. Start watering 15 to 30 days before transplanting and processing tomato seedlings, water once every 5 to 9 days, and water 1 to 3 times through the drip irrigation tape; (3) Test the soil salinity in the planting area. When the salinity in the planting area drops to 2‰, drill holes in the ground film and transplant the tomato seedlings.

2. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the planting area is 90-180 cm.

3. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the salt-enriched zone is 30-60 cm.

4. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground film is a fully biodegradable ground film or a polyethylene (PE) ground film, and the width of the ground film surface after covering is 70~160cm.

5. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing tomatoes are cultivated in a cultivation mode of one film with two rows or one film with four rows.

6. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The one film and two rows method is to set a drip irrigation belt in the middle of the ground film.

7. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The one film four rows method is to set two drip irrigation belts in the wide row of the ground film, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts and the adjacent planting rows is 10-15 cm, or to set one drip irrigation belt in each narrow row of the ground film.

8. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant spacing of the transplanted tomato seedlings is 25-35 cm, and the row spacing is 30-60 cm.

9. The method for planting and processing tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The survival rate of the transplanted processed tomato seedlings to the field planting area is more than 80%.

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