Tomato breeding and germination accelerating cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a tomato breeding and germination accelerating cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting high-quality seeds; s2, the seeds selected in the S1 are pretreated, and the dormant state of the seeds is broken; s3, performing surface disinfection on the pretreated seeds; s4, seed germination accelerating treatment is conducted under the controlled temperature and humidity conditions; s5, after germination accelerating is completed, the seeds are cleaned to remove the germination accelerating solution, and the moisture content of the seeds is adjusted; s6, preparing a seedling substrate; s7, the seeds dried in the step S5 are evenly sown in a seedling culture substrate, and germination of the seeds is promoted; and S8, when the seeds germinate and grow to have true leaves, transplanting. According to the method, by optimizing seed pretreatment, accurately controlling temperature and humidity management and reasonably configuring the seedling raising substrate, the germination rate of tomato seeds, the growth speed of seedlings and the disease resistance are effectively improved, and therefore the efficient and stable tomato breeding and germination accelerating cultivation process is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a tomato breeding and germination cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] As one of the most important crops in the world, tomatoes are widely planted due to their rich nutritional value and wide market demand. However, the production process of tomatoes faces multiple technical challenges, especially in the seed breeding and germination process. Existing tomato breeding methods often rely on traditional seedling and germination techniques, which have certain limitations. Traditional seed pretreatment mostly uses simple soaking or natural refrigeration treatment. Although it can break the dormancy of some seeds, the germination rate and growth rate of some varieties of seeds are still low, especially when environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are not accurately controlled. In addition, the control of seed disinfection, substrate configuration and temperature and humidity management in the existing technology is also relatively extensive, which can easily lead to bacterial infection or unsuitable substrate, affecting seed germination and the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0003] Therefore, how to ensure efficient seed germination while enhancing its disease resistance and adaptability has become a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in current tomato breeding technology; existing technologies have failed to fully integrate various seedling cultivation links, such as precise temperature and humidity management, reasonable configuration of seedling cultivation substrates, and scientific germination and disinfection treatments, resulting in unstable seed germination rates and uneven seedling growth. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a tomato breeding and germination cultivation method.

[0005] A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1: Select high-quality seeds from high-yield and disease-resistant tomato varieties; S2: pre-treating the seeds selected in S1, including soaking and cold storage, to break the dormancy of the seeds; S3: disinfecting the surface of the pretreated seeds to remove existing pathogenic microorganisms; S4: Perform seed germination treatment under controlled temperature and humidity conditions to promote seed germination; S5: After the germination is completed, the seeds are washed to remove the germination solution, and the seeds are dried to adjust their moisture content in preparation for subsequent sowing; S6: Prepare the seedling medium to provide a good environment for seed germination; S7: Evenly sow the seeds dried in S5 in the seedling medium, and manage the temperature and humidity to promote seed germination; S8: When the seeds germinate and grow to have true leaves, they are transplanted, the roots of the seedlings are soaked during the transplanting process, and then the seedlings are transplanted to the field or greenhouse; Through systematic pretreatment of seeds, including soaking, refrigeration, disinfection and germination treatment, the dormancy of seeds is effectively broken, and the problem of uneven germination caused by environmental discomfort or improper treatment is reduced; in particular, through germination treatment in a controlled temperature and humidity environment, the best germination conditions can be provided for tomato seeds, the germination rate can be increased, the germination time can be shortened, and the efficient use of seeds can be ensured.

[0006] Optionally, the germination rate of the seeds selected in S1 is not less than 85%, and the seed particle size is between 0.8-1.2 cm.

[0007] Optionally, the S2 specifically includes: S21: soaking the seeds selected in S1 in clean water at 20-25°C for 12-24 hours until the moisture content of the seeds reaches 30%-35%; S22: placing the soaked seeds in a cold storage environment at 4-5°C for 24-48 hours to break the dormancy of the seeds.

[0008] Optionally, the S3 specifically includes: S31: Use potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 0.5%-1.0% as disinfectant; S32: soaking the pretreated seeds in the potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes; S33: Rinse the soaked seeds with sterile water 3-5 times to completely remove the disinfectant residue.

[0009] Optionally, the S4 specifically includes: S41: The temperature is set at 25°C to 28°C and the relative humidity is set at 80% to 85%; S42: performing germination treatment under the temperature and humidity conditions set in S41, the duration of which is 48 to 72 hours; S43: During the germination process, the germination environment is ventilated every 12 hours; S44: Check the swelling of seeds regularly to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 95%.

[0010] Optionally, the S5 specifically includes: S51: placing the seeds after germination under running water, and continuously washing them with sterile water for 3-5 minutes to remove the germination solution on the surface of the seeds; S52: Soak the cleaned seeds in sterile water for 10-30 minutes, and change the water every 5 minutes; S53: Spread the cleaned seeds evenly on a drying tray and dry them in a ventilated environment. The drying temperature is controlled at 20°C to 25°C for 8-12 hours, and the moisture content is adjusted to 8%-10%.

[0011] Optionally, the S6 specifically includes: S61: Select a predetermined ratio of perlite, humus and coconut bran, where perlite accounts for 30%-40% of the total matrix, humus accounts for 40%-50% of the total matrix, and coconut bran accounts for 10%-30% of the total matrix; S62: Evenly mix the selected perlite, humus soil and coconut bran in the above proportions; and add water to the mixed matrix to moisten it so that the humidity of the matrix reaches 40%-50%; S63: Adjust the pH value of the substrate to between 6.0 and 6.5 by adding lime powder or sulfur powder.

[0012] Optionally, the S7 specifically includes: S71: Evenly sow the seeds dried in S5 on the surface of the seedling medium prepared in S6, with a sowing depth of 0.5-1.0 cm; S72: placing the seeded substrate in a temperature-controlled environment, with the temperature set at 20° C. to 25° C.; S73: Control the ambient humidity through a humidifier and keep it between 85% and 90%; S74: In the early stage after seed sowing, provide appropriate light conditions with a light intensity of 1000-1500 lux and a daily light cycle of 12 hours.

[0013] Optionally, the S8 specifically includes: S71: When the seeds germinate and grow to have 4-6 true leaves, transplant them; S72: Before transplanting, soak the roots of the seedlings in a solution containing 0.1%-0.3% plant growth regulator for 15-20 minutes; S73: After soaking, gently remove excess medium from the roots of the seedlings to ensure that the roots are clean; S74: Transplanting operation: transplant the seedlings after root treatment to the field or greenhouse, and the transplanting depth is 1.5 times the root depth of the seedlings.

[0014] Optionally, the plant growth regulator selected in S72 is indolebutyric acid or naphthylacetic acid; Through precise configuration of the seedling medium, a suitable growth environment is ensured for the seedlings, while the management of temperature and humidity is optimized so that the tomato seedlings can grow healthily in the best environment. This method also enhances the stress resistance of the root system during the seedling transplanting process, and the transplanted seedlings have strong adaptability and a high survival rate.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention, by systematically pre-treating the seeds, including soaking, refrigeration, disinfection and germination treatment, effectively breaks the dormancy state of the seeds and reduces the problem of uneven germination caused by environmental discomfort or improper treatment; in particular, by performing germination treatment in a controlled temperature and humidity environment, it can provide the best germination conditions for tomato seeds, improve the germination rate, shorten the germination time, and ensure efficient use of the seeds.

[0016] The present invention ensures that a suitable growth environment is provided for seedlings through precise configuration of the seedling culture medium, and optimizes the management of temperature and humidity, so that the tomato seedlings can grow healthily in the best environment; the method also plays a role in enhancing stress resistance by treating the root system during the seedling transplanting process, and the transplanted seedlings have strong adaptability and a high survival rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the process of configuring the seedling culture matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiments", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0021] In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0022] Example 1 like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a tomato breeding and germination cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1: Select high-quality seeds from high-yielding and disease-resistant tomato varieties to ensure uniformity and consistency of seeds; S2: pre-treating the seeds selected in S1, including soaking and cold storage, to break the dormancy of the seeds and promote subsequent germination; S3: Disinfect the surface of the pretreated seeds to remove the existing pathogenic microorganisms and ensure the health of the seeds; S4: Perform seed germination treatment under controlled temperature and humidity conditions to promote seed germination; S5: After the germination is completed, the seeds are washed to remove the germination solution, and the seeds are dried to adjust their moisture content in preparation for subsequent sowing; S6: Prepare the seedling medium to ensure that it has good ventilation and drainage to provide a good environment for seed germination; S7: Evenly sow the seeds dried in S5 in the seedling medium, and manage the temperature and humidity to promote seed germination; S8: When the seeds germinate and grow to have true leaves, they are transplanted. During the transplanting process, the roots of the seedlings are soaked to promote root development and absorption capacity. The seedlings are then transplanted to the field or greenhouse to ensure that the transplanted seedlings can quickly adapt to the new growth environment and maintain a high survival rate.

[0023] The germination rate of seeds selected in S1 is not less than 85%, and the seed particle size is 1 cm.

[0024] S2 specifically includes: S21: soaking the seeds selected in S1 in clean water at 23°C for 18 hours until the moisture content of the seeds reaches 33%; S22: Place the soaked seeds in a cold storage environment at 4.5°C for 36 hours to break the dormancy of the seeds and promote the activation of germination potential.

[0025] S3 specifically includes: S31: Use 0.8% potassium permanganate solution as disinfectant; S32: soaking the pretreated seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for 13 minutes to ensure that pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of the seeds are effectively removed; S33: Rinse the soaked seeds with sterile water 4 times to completely remove the disinfectant residue to avoid adverse effects on the seeds.

[0026] S4 specifically includes: S41: The temperature is set to 26°C and the relative humidity is set to 83%; S42: performing germination treatment under the temperature and humidity conditions set in S41 for 60 hours; S43: During the germination process, the germination environment is ventilated every 12 hours to maintain a constant environment; S44: Check the swelling of seeds regularly to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 95%.

[0027] S5 specifically includes: S51: placing the seeds after germination under running water and continuously washing them with sterile water for 4 minutes to remove the germination solution on the surface of the seeds; S52: Soak the cleaned seeds in sterile water for 20 minutes, and change the water every 5 minutes to ensure that the germination solution is completely removed; S53: Spread the cleaned seeds evenly on a drying tray, dry them in a ventilated environment, control the drying temperature at 23° C., dry for 10 hours, and adjust the moisture content to 9%.

[0028] S6 specifically includes: S61: Select perlite, humus and coconut bran in a predetermined proportion, wherein perlite accounts for 35% of the total matrix, humus accounts for 45% of the total matrix, and coconut bran accounts for 20% of the total matrix; S62: Evenly mix the selected perlite, humus soil and coconut bran in the above proportions to ensure that the mixture is even and no lumps are formed; and add water to the mixed substrate to moisten the substrate so that the humidity of the substrate reaches 45%; S63: The pH value of the substrate was adjusted to 6.3 by adding lime powder to ensure that the substrate was suitable for the growth of tomato seeds.

[0029] S7 specifically includes: S71: Evenly sow the seeds dried in S5 on the surface of the seedling medium configured in S6, with a sowing depth of 0.8 cm, ensuring that the seeds are evenly distributed and avoiding overlap; S72: placing the sown substrate in a temperature-controlled environment, setting the temperature to 23° C., and maintaining the temperature range to promote seed germination; S73: The ambient humidity is controlled by a humidifier and maintained at 88%, ensuring that the substrate surface is moist but not waterlogged, providing suitable humidity conditions for seed germination; S74: In the early stage after seed sowing, provide appropriate lighting conditions with a light intensity of 1300 lux and a daily light cycle of 12 hours, avoiding direct sunlight.

[0030] S8 specifically includes: S71: When the seeds germinate and grow to have 5 true leaves, transplant them; S72: Before transplanting, soak the roots of seedlings in a solution containing 0.2% plant growth regulator for 18 minutes to promote seedling growth and enhance stress resistance; S73: After soaking, gently remove excess medium from the roots of the seedlings to ensure that the roots are clean; S74: Transplanting operation: transplant the seedlings after root treatment into the field. The transplanting depth is 1.5 times the root depth of the seedlings to ensure that the roots are in full contact with the substrate.

[0031] The plant growth regulator selected in S72 is indolebutyric acid.

[0032] Example 2 S1: Select high-quality seeds from high-yield and disease-resistant tomato varieties; the selected seeds must have a germination rate of no less than 85%, and the seed particle size must be controlled within 0.8 cm; S2: Soak the seeds in clean water at 20°C for 12 hours until the moisture content of the seeds reaches 30%; then, place the soaked seeds in a cold storage environment at 4°C for 24 hours to effectively break the dormancy of the seeds; S3: Use a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution as a disinfectant and soak the seeds in the solution for 10 minutes. After disinfection, rinse the seeds 3 times with sterile water to completely remove the disinfectant residue. S4: Place the sterilized seeds in an environment with a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 80% for germination for 48 hours; during the germination process, ventilate the environment every 12 hours to maintain suitable humidity and temperature conditions; at the same time, regularly check the expansion of the seeds to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 95%, laying a solid foundation for subsequent seedling cultivation; S5: After germination, first place the seeds under running water and rinse them with sterile water for 3 minutes to remove the germination solution on the surface; then, soak the washed seeds in sterile water for 10 minutes, and change the water every 5 minutes; finally, spread the seeds evenly on a drying tray and dry them at 20°C in a ventilated environment for 8 hours, adjusting the moisture content to 8%, ready for sowing; S6: To provide a good environment for seed germination, a suitable seedling medium should be prepared; select perlite, humus soil and coconut bran in proportions of 30%, 40% and 30% respectively; mix the three materials evenly in a predetermined proportion, add water to the mixed medium, and control the humidity at 40%; finally, adjust the pH value of the medium by adding sulfur powder to keep it at 6.0 to ensure that the medium is suitable for the growth needs of tomato seeds; S7: Sow the dried seeds evenly on the surface of the prepared seedling medium, and control the sowing depth to 0.5 cm; after sowing, place the medium in a temperature-controlled environment, and set the temperature to 20°C; control the ambient humidity through a humidifier and maintain it at 85%; in the early stage of seed sowing, provide appropriate light conditions, with a light intensity of 1000 lux and a daily light cycle of 12 hours to promote seed germination and initial growth; S8: When the seeds germinate and grow to have 4 true leaves, transplanting operation is carried out; before transplanting, the roots of the seedlings are soaked in a solution containing 0.1% plant growth regulator, which is naphthylacetic acid, for 15 minutes; after soaking, gently remove excess culture medium from the roots of the seedlings to ensure that the roots are clean; finally, transplant the treated seedlings into the greenhouse, and the transplanting depth is 1.5 times the length of the seedling roots to ensure that the seedlings can grow healthily in the new environment.

[0033] Example 3 S1: Select high-quality seeds from high-yield and disease-resistant tomato varieties; the selected seeds must have a germination rate of no less than 85%, and the seed particle size must be controlled within 1.2 cm; S2: Soak the seeds in clean water at 25°C for 24 hours until the moisture content of the seeds reaches 35%; then, place the soaked seeds in a cold storage environment at 5°C for 48 hours to effectively break the dormancy of the seeds; S3: Use a 1.0% potassium permanganate solution as a disinfectant and soak the seeds in the solution for 15 minutes. After disinfection, rinse the seeds 5 times with sterile water to completely remove the disinfectant residue. S4: Place the sterilized seeds in an environment with a temperature of 28°C and a relative humidity of 85% for germination for 72 hours; during the germination process, ventilate the environment every 12 hours to maintain suitable humidity and temperature conditions; at the same time, regularly check the expansion of the seeds to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 95%, laying a solid foundation for subsequent seedling cultivation; S5: After germination, first place the seeds under running water and rinse them with sterile water for 5 minutes to remove the germination solution on the surface; then, soak the washed seeds in sterile water for 30 minutes, changing the water every 5 minutes; finally, spread the seeds evenly on a drying tray and dry them at 25°C in a ventilated environment for 12 hours, adjusting the moisture content to 10%, ready for sowing; S6: To provide a good environment for seed germination, a suitable seedling medium should be prepared; perlite, humus and coconut bran are selected in proportions of 40%, 50% and 10% respectively; the three materials are evenly mixed in a predetermined proportion, and water is added to the mixed medium, and the humidity is controlled at 50%; finally, the pH value of the medium is adjusted by adding lime powder to keep it at 6.5 to ensure that the medium is suitable for the growth needs of tomato seeds; S7: Evenly sow the dried seeds on the surface of the prepared seedling medium, and control the sowing depth to 1.0 cm; after sowing, place the medium in a temperature-controlled environment, and set the temperature to 25°C; control the ambient humidity through a humidifier and keep it at 90%; in the early stage of seed sowing, provide appropriate light conditions, with a light intensity of 1500 lux and a daily light cycle of 12 hours to promote seed germination and initial growth; S8: When the seeds germinate and grow to have 6 true leaves, transplanting operation is carried out; before transplanting, the roots of the seedlings are soaked in a solution containing 0.3% plant growth regulator, which is naphthylacetic acid, for 20 minutes; after soaking, the excess culture medium at the roots of the seedlings is gently removed to ensure that the roots are clean; finally, the treated seedlings are transplanted into the field, and the transplanting depth is 1.5 times the length of the seedling roots to ensure that the seedlings can grow healthily in the new environment.

[0034] Comparative Example 1 Step 1: Choose common tomato seeds on the market and soak them in clean water at room temperature for 12 hours to promote germination; Step 2: Use 0.5% potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the soaked seeds for 5 minutes; Step 3: Place the sterilized seeds in an environment with room temperature and relative humidity of about 70% for germination for 72 hours; Step 4: Evenly sow the germinated seeds in ordinary soil or unoptimized seedling medium with a sowing depth of about 0.5 cm; keep the environment moist but do not strictly control the temperature and humidity; transplant the seeds when they germinate and grow 2-3 true leaves; no special treatment is given to the roots of the seedlings during the transplanting process.

[0035] Table 1 Performance data comparison ; As can be seen from Table 1 above, Example 1 reached 96%, which is significantly higher than 80% of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the optimized seed treatment method effectively improves the germination success rate; the germination time of Example 1 is 60 hours, which is 40 hours shorter than 100 hours of Comparative Example 1, significantly improving the seedling efficiency; the seedling height of Example 1 is 25 cm, which is higher than 18 cm of Comparative Example 1, showing a better growth state; the root length of Example 1 is 15 cm, which is more developed than 10 cm of Comparative Example 1, which is conducive to the stability and nutrient absorption of the seedlings; the disease incidence rate of Example 1 is only 2%, which is much lower than 10% of Comparative Example 1, reflecting more effective disinfection and seedling management; the yield per unit area of ​​Example 1 is 30 kg per square meter, which exceeds 20 kg per square meter of Comparative Example 1, indicating higher production efficiency; the survival rate after transplanting of Example 1 is 98%, which is higher than 85% of Comparative Example 1, ensuring a higher quality supply of seedlings.

[0036] Table 2 Comparison of other performance parameters ; As can be seen from Table 2 above, the uniformity of the seedlings in Example 1 is 95%, which is significantly higher than 90% in Example 2, 92% in Example 3, and 80% in Comparative Example 1; high uniformity means that the seedlings are more evenly distributed, which is helpful for subsequent management and growth; Example 1 scored 4.8 points, which is better than 4.5 points in Example 2, 4.6 points in Example 3, and 3.5 points in Comparative Example 1; the higher vitality score reflects the health status and growth potential of the seedlings; the seedlings in Example 1 grew the first true leaf within 7 days, which is 8 days in Example 2, 7.5 days in Example 3, and 10 days in Comparative Example 1. days faster; this indicates that the germination and seedling raising process of Example 1 is more efficient and promotes the rapid growth of seedlings; the unit area cost of Example 1 is US$15, which is lower than US$18 of Example 2, US$17 of Example 3, and US$20 of Comparative Example 1; lower cost means higher economic benefits and resource utilization efficiency; Example 1 only takes 5 hours to complete the seedling raising process per 1000 seeds, which is better than 6 hours of Example 2, 5.5 hours of Example 3, and 8 hours of Comparative Example 1; lower labor demand reduces human resource input and improves production efficiency; the energy consumption of Example 1 is 2 kWh / 1000 seeds, which is significantly lower than 3 kWh of Example 2, 2.5 kWh of Example 3, and 4 kWh of Comparative Example 1; lower energy consumption helps to reduce production costs and improve environmental benefits; the yield per plant of Example 1 is 0.8 kg, which exceeds 0.6 kg of Example 2, 0.7 kg of Example 3, and 0.5 kg of Comparative Example 1; higher yield indicates that Example 1 is more effective in seedling raising and growth management, and improves overall production efficiency.

[0037] In summary, Example 1 is not only superior to other examples in various seedling and production indicators, but also shows significant improvements and advantages compared to the traditional method (Comparative Example 1); this shows that the tomato breeding and germination cultivation method of Example 1 has significant advantages in improving germination rate, shortening seedling cycle, improving seedling and fruit quality, reducing costs and improving resource utilization, and is suitable for the practical application of large-scale tomato breeding and germination cultivation, and can significantly improve production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0038] The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0039] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Select high-quality seeds from high-yield and disease-resistant tomato varieties; S2: pre-treating the seeds selected in S1, including soaking and cold storage, to break the dormancy of the seeds; S3: disinfecting the surface of the pretreated seeds to remove existing pathogenic microorganisms; S4: Perform seed germination treatment under controlled temperature and humidity conditions to promote seed germination; S5: After the germination is completed, the seeds are washed to remove the germination solution, and the seeds are dried to adjust their moisture content in preparation for subsequent sowing; S6: Prepare the seedling medium to provide a good environment for seed germination; S7: Evenly sow the seeds dried in S5 in the seedling medium, and manage the temperature and humidity to promote seed germination; S8: When the seeds germinate and grow to have true leaves, they are transplanted. During the transplanting process, the roots of the seedlings are soaked, and then the seedlings are transplanted to the field or greenhouse.

2. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germination rate of the seeds selected in S1 is not less than 85%, and the seed particle size is between 0.8 and 1.2 cm.

3. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21: soaking the seeds selected in S1 in clean water at 20-25°C for 12-24 hours until the moisture content of the seeds reaches 30%-35%; S22: placing the soaked seeds in a cold storage environment at 4-5°C for 24-48 hours to break the dormancy of the seeds.

4. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: S31: Use potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 0.5%-1.0% as disinfectant; S32: soaking the pretreated seeds in the potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes; S33: Rinse the soaked seeds with sterile water 3-5 times to completely remove the disinfectant residue.

5. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes: S41: The temperature is set at 25°C to 28°C and the relative humidity is set at 80% to 85%; S42: performing germination treatment under the temperature and humidity conditions set in S41, the duration of which is 48 to 72 hours; S43: During the germination process, the germination environment is ventilated every 12 hours; S44: Check the swelling of seeds regularly to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 95%.

6. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 specifically includes: S51: placing the seeds after germination under running water, and continuously washing them with sterile water for 3-5 minutes to remove the germination solution on the surface of the seeds; S52: Soak the cleaned seeds in sterile water for 10-30 minutes, and change the water every 5 minutes; S53: Spread the cleaned seeds evenly on a drying tray and dry them in a ventilated environment. The drying temperature is controlled at 20°C to 25°C for 8-12 hours, and the moisture content is adjusted to 8%-10%.

7. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 specifically includes: S61: Select a predetermined ratio of perlite, humus and coconut bran, where perlite accounts for 30%-40% of the total matrix, humus accounts for 40%-50% of the total matrix, and coconut bran accounts for 10%-30% of the total matrix; S62: Evenly mix the selected perlite, humus soil and coconut bran in the above proportions; and add water to the mixed matrix to moisten it so that the humidity of the matrix reaches 40%-50%; S63: Adjust the pH value of the substrate to between 6.0 and 6.5 by adding lime powder or sulfur powder.

8. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S7 specifically includes: S71: Evenly sow the seeds dried in S5 on the surface of the seedling medium prepared in S6, with a sowing depth of 0.5-1.0 cm; S72: placing the seeded substrate in a temperature-controlled environment, with the temperature set at 20° C. to 25° C.; S73: Control the ambient humidity through a humidifier and keep it between 85% and 90%; S74: In the early stage after seed sowing, provide appropriate light conditions with a light intensity of 1000-1500 lux and a daily light cycle of 12 hours.

9. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S8 specifically includes: S71: When the seeds germinate and grow to have 4-6 true leaves, transplant them; S72: Before transplanting, soak the roots of the seedlings in a solution containing 0.1%-0.3% plant growth regulator for 15-20 minutes; S73: After soaking, gently remove excess medium from the roots of the seedlings to ensure that the roots are clean; S74: Transplanting operation: transplant the seedlings after root treatment to the field or greenhouse, and the transplanting depth is 1.5 times the root depth of the seedlings.

10. A tomato breeding and germination cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator selected in S72 is indolebutyric acid or naphthylacetic acid.

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