Selenium-rich soybean cultivation method

Abstract

The invention provides a selenium-rich soybean cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The soybean planting method comprises the steps of soil preparation and sowing, fertilization, plant height regulation and control, intertillage and weeding, pest control, foliar topdressing, selenium nutrient solution spraying and the like. The cultivation method of the selenium-rich soybeans can improve the comprehensive stress resistance, disease prevention and lodging resistance of the soybeans, and remarkably improve the field comprehensive performance of the soybeans; the effects of improving the soybean pod bearing rate, increasing the number of four-seed pods, increasing the hundred-seed weight and the like are achieved, so that the soybean harvesting yield is remarkably increased, and the yield is generally increased by 5% or above; according to the present invention, dry matter accumulation in the soybean mature period is promoted, the soybean protein content is increased, the green beans are reduced, the grain plumpness and the maturity are increased, the prematurity is promoted for 2-6 days, the selenium content of the soybean grains can be effectively increased, and the selenium content of the general soybean grains can achieve 0.10-0.8 mg / kg.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation method of selenium-enriched soybeans. Background Art

[0002] Selenium is an amorphous powdered non-metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Se. Selenium can enhance human immune function, resist oxidation, delay aging, and effectively inhibit tumor growth. It has a good auxiliary improvement effect on patients after surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

[0003] Soybean is an annual herbaceous plant of the Leguminosae family. It is both a protein crop and an oil crop. Soybean can be processed into a variety of side dishes. Soybean has high nutritional value. Soybean protein is one of the main sources of protein for the Chinese people and contains 8 essential amino acids for the human body. Modern medical research shows that soybean oil does not contain cholesterol and eating soybean oil can prevent arteriosclerosis. Soybean is an important raw material for the food industry and can be processed into soybean flour, baked food, children's food, health food, seasoning food, meat-filled food, etc.

[0004] At present, artificial selenium-enriched cultivation of soybeans is still rare. Therefore, improving soybean yield and selenium content will be of great significance to soybean cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method of selenium-enriched soybeans.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a cultivation method of selenium-enriched soybeans, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Seed selection: Select large and full soybean seeds and coat them with a coating type biological surfactant;

[0009] Land preparation and sowing: After leveling the land, ridges are made and base fertilizer is applied before sowing;

[0010] Fertilization: Apply 120kg-135kg of diammonium phosphate, 45kg-60kg of urea, and 30kg-45kg of potassium sulfate per hectare during land preparation and ridge making before sowing or when sowing.

[0011] Field management: including tillage, weeding, pest and disease control;

[0012] Foliar topdressing: Apply foliar topdressing once at the beginning of flowering;

[0013] Spraying selenium nutrient solution: After diluting the selenium nutrient solution, spray it during the flowering period of soybeans at a rate of 0.8-1.2 kg / hm2; spray it at the early stage of soybean pod formation at a rate of 0.8-1.2 kg / hm2. 2 , spray selenium nutrient solution again during the soybean grain filling stage, with a spraying rate of 0.8-1.2 kg / hm 2 .

[0014] Preferably, the row spacing for sowing is 65 cm and the plant spacing is 5 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the height of the soybean plant is regulated by spraying clofosconazole during the initial flowering stage.

[0016] Preferably, when applying foliar fertilizer, 3 kg of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 450 mL of Yishibang and 400 g of 20.5% instant boron fertilizer are mixed and dissolved in 500 kg of water for spraying per hectare.

[0017] Preferably, the pest control is specifically:

[0018] Prevention and control of soybean root rot: Spray 200 times diluted 2% Ningnanmycin aqueous solution for prevention and control.

[0019] Cyst nematode and root rot control: Apply 50kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus fertilizer per hectare

[0020] Soybean borer: dilute 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times and spray.

[0021] Soybean aphids: 10% pyraclostrobin diluted 1500 times and sprayed.

[0022] Preferably, the concentration of Se element in the diluted selenium nutrient solution is ≥0.01 g / L.

[0023] Preferably, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 300-500 kg / mu.

[0024] Preferably, the spraying method of the uniconazole is: use 25g-50g of 5% uniconazole wettable powder per mu, add 30-40kg of water and spray on the leaves.

[0025] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the cultivation method of selenium-enriched soybeans of the present invention can improve the comprehensive stress resistance of soybeans, disease prevention and lodging resistance, and significantly improve the comprehensive performance of soybeans in the field; it has the effects of increasing the pod setting rate of soybeans, increasing the number of four-seed pods, increasing the weight of 100 seeds, etc., thereby significantly increasing the harvest yield of soybeans, generally increasing the yield by more than 5%; it has the effects of promoting the accumulation of dry matter in the mature period of soybeans, increasing the protein content of soybeans, reducing green beans, increasing the fullness and maturity of grains, and promoting early maturity by 2 to 6 days, and can effectively increase the selenium content of soybean grains. Generally, the selenium content of soybean grains reaches 0.10 mg / kg to 0.8 mg / kg. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of soybean pod traits between the experimental group and the control group.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of soybean plants in the experimental group and the control group.

[0028] Figure 3 These are photos of the early maturity of selenium-enriched soybeans and control soybeans.

[0029] Figure 4 These are the results of identification of selenium content in selenium-enriched soybean group 1.

[0030] Figure 5 These are the results of identification of selenium content in selenium-enriched soybean group 1.

[0031] Figure 6 These are the identification results of selenium content in two groups of selenium-enriched soybeans.

[0032] Figure 7 These are the identification results of selenium content in two groups of selenium-enriched soybeans.

[0033] Figure 8 These are the identification results of selenium content in three groups of selenium-enriched soybeans.

[0034] Fig. 9 These are the identification results of selenium content in three groups of selenium-enriched soybeans.

[0035] Fig.10 This is the identification result of soybean selenium content in control group 1.

[0036] Fig.11 This is the identification result of soybean selenium content in control group 1.

[0037] Fig.12 The results of identification of selenium content in soybeans of two groups were used as controls.

[0038] Fig.13 The results of identification of selenium content in soybeans of two groups were used as controls.

[0039] Fig.14 The results of identification of selenium content in three groups of soybeans are used as controls.

[0040] Fig.15 The results of identification of selenium content in three groups of soybeans are used as controls. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] The soybean variety used in the embodiment of the present invention is "Heihe 43", the brand of selenium-enriched nutrient solution is biologically active selenium nutrient solution (Aokefu), produced by Heilongjiang Tianhui Aochuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., using a special formula for leguminous crops. The brand of the coating type biological surfactant is Liangdun, and the brand of the organic fertilizer is Genliduo.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Seed selection: Select large and full soybean seeds and coat them with a coating type biological surfactant.

[0045] Land preparation and sowing: After leveling the land, ridges are made and organic fertilizer is applied. The amount of organic fertilizer applied during land preparation in autumn is 400kg / mu. Before sowing, ridges are made and 120kg of diammonium phosphate, 60kg of urea and 40kg of potassium sulfate are applied per hectare. Then soybeans are sown on May 15, with a row spacing of 65cm and a plant spacing of 5cm.

[0046] Field management: Use safe and green herbicides, and adopt a combination of closed weeding and stem and leaf weeding to prevent the occurrence of malignant weeds, reduce pesticide damage, and slow seedling growth. Perform deep tillage operations during the seedling stage to dispel cold and store water to conserve moisture. Complete three inter-row cultivation operations before the flowering period to prevent late weeds and cultivate the soil to resist drought and prevent waterlogging.

[0047] Control of soybean gray spot and sclerotinia: 18.7% propanedionil·pyraclostrobin diluted 1000 times before spraying, spraying amount 450mL / hm 2 , spray once every 10 days.

[0048] Prevention and control of soybean root rot: Spray 200 times diluted 2% Ningnanmycin aqueous solution for prevention and control.

[0049] Cyst nematode control: Apply 50kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus fertilizer per hectare.

[0050] Soybean borer: dilute 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times and spray.

[0051] Soybean aphids: 10% pyraclostrobin diluted 1500 times and sprayed.

[0052] Plant height control: Use 30g of 5% oxadiazole wettable powder per mu, add 30kg of water and spray on the leaves at the initial flowering stage of soybean to control plant height.

[0053] Carry out foliar topdressing on July 7: Carry out foliar topdressing once at the beginning of flowering period: mix 3kg of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 450mL of Yishibang, and 400g of 20.5% instant boron fertilizer per hectare, dissolve in 500kg of water and spray.

[0054] Spraying selenium nutrient solution: dilute the selenium nutrient solution 300 times and spray it once at the early stage of soybean pod formation (July 25), with a spraying amount of 1kg / hm 2 , spray once at the soybean grain filling stage (August 20), with a spraying rate of 1kg / hm 2 The concentration of Se element in the diluted selenium nutrient solution is 0.05g / L.

[0055] Selenium nutrient solution should be sprayed after 3 pm on a sunny day to enrich selenium. Mix well before spraying. If there is no rainfall within 24 hours after spraying the selenium nutrient solution, re-spray it if it rains. Selenium nutrient solution cannot be mixed with other chemical agents.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The difference from Example 1 is that selenium nutrient solution is not sprayed, and the remaining steps are the same as those of Example 1.

[0058] Experimental Example 1

[0059] The experiment was conducted at the Red Frontier Farm and Nenjiang in Heilongjiang Province. The experiment was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The selenium-enriched group planted soybeans in the manner of Example 1, and the control group planted soybeans in the manner of Comparative Example 1, with three replicates in each group. The soybeans were harvested after full maturity and the moisture content of the grains was about 15%. The number of soybean pods, number of grains, 100-grain weight and per-acre yield of each group were counted, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. At the same time, the protein content, fat content and selenium content of the soybeans were tested (commissioned to Xi'an Guolian Quality Inspection Technology Co., Ltd. for monitoring), and the results are as follows Figure 3 to Figure 6 shown.

[0060] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on soybean pod number, grain number, 100-grain weight and per-acre yield in Red Frontier

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Table 2 Effects of different treatments in Nenjiang on soybean pod number, grain number, 100-grain weight and per-acre yield

[0064] Plant height Sections Number of pods / plant Number of grains / plant 100-grain weight (g) Yield per mu (kg) Selenium-rich 1 95.5 15.3 19.6 50 19.8 198.1 Selenium-rich 2 94 16 20.5 53 19.8 227.5 Selenium-rich 3 88.6 15.3 18.6 51.3 19.8 230.3 average 92.7 15.5 19.6 51.4 19.8 218.6 Comparison 1 98.8 15.6 20 52.3 19.5 214.6 Comparison 2 94.2 15.6 20.2 49 19.5 204.3 Comparison 3 93.3 15.6 18.3 52.1 19.5 234.1 average 95.4 15.6 19.5 51.1 19.5 217.7

[0065] The results show that the soybean planting method of the present invention can increase the selenium content of soybean seeds without affecting the number of soybean pods, 100-grain weight and soybean yield.

[0066] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating selenium-enriched soybeans, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Seed selection: Select large and full soybean seeds and coat them with a coating type biological surfactant; Land preparation and sowing: After leveling the land, ridges are made and organic fertilizers are applied before sowing; Fertilization: Apply 120kg-135kg of diammonium phosphate, 45kg-60kg of urea, and 30kg-45kg of potassium sulfate per hectare during land preparation and ridge making before sowing or when sowing; Field management: carry out tillage, weeding, pest and disease control; Foliar topdressing: Apply foliar topdressing once at the beginning of flowering; Spraying selenium nutrient solution: dilute the selenium nutrient solution and spray it during the soybean flowering period. The spraying amount is 0.8-1.2 kg / hm 2 , sprayed at the early stage of soybean pod setting, the spraying rate is 0.8~1.2kg / hm 2 , spray selenium nutrient solution again during the soybean grain filling stage, with a spraying rate of 0.8-1.2 kg / hm 2 .

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The row spacing for sowing is 65 cm and the plant spacing is 5 cm.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that Spray chlorpyrifos on soybeans during the early flowering stage to regulate plant height.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When applying foliar fertilizer, mix 3kg of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 450mL of Yishibang and 400g of 20.5% instant boron fertilizer per hectare, dissolve in 500kg of water and spray.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pest and disease control specifically includes: Soybean root rot prevention and control: spray with 200 times diluted 2% Ningnanmycin solution; Cyst nematode and root rot control: Apply 50kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus fertilizer per hectare; Soybean borer: dilute 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1000 times and spray; Soybean aphids: 10% pyraclostrobin diluted 1500 times and sprayed.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of Se element in the diluted selenium nutrient solution is ≥0.01g / L.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 300-500kg / mu.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spraying method of the chloranil is as follows: 25g-50g of 5% chloranil wettable powder is added per mu, and 30-40kg of water is added for foliar spraying.

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