Method for improving cutting survival rate of clematis orientalis and promoting growth of seedlings

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the cutting survival rate of clematis orientalis and promoting seedling growth. By optimizing the cutting medium ratio and the auxin treatment process, the technical breakthrough of increasing the survival rate, the vine length and the number of leaves is achieved. The method specifically comprises the steps that peat, perlite and vermiculite matrixes are selected, cuttings are treated in cooperation with an IBA solution in a rapid dipping mode, the cutting preparation technology that 2-4 leaves are reserved at nodes is combined, the greenhouse environment, the matrix water content and the air humidity are strictly controlled, a graded seedling raising system with the breathable bottom is innovatively adopted, and the annual yield of a greenhouse per mu reaches 20-25 thousand plants. The industrial bottleneck of low breeding efficiency and long period is solved, and reliable technical support is provided for large-scale production of medicinal and ornamental clematis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant asexual propagation, and specifically relates to a method for improving the survival rate of oriental clematis cuttings and promoting the growth of seedlings by optimizing a cutting medium formula, a hormone treatment process and an environmental control system. Background Art

[0002] Oriental Clematis Clematis tangled It is a perennial herbaceous vine of the Ranunculaceae and Clematis genus. The fibrous roots are reddish brown and dense, the stems are cylindrical, and the surface is brown-black or dark red. It is a resource plant widely distributed in Northeast my country, North China, Northwest China and other places. It generally grows in mountainous areas, low wetlands, sandy land and field edges. The stems are climbing and branched; the leaves are opposite and twice pinnate, gray-green; the cymes are axillary, usually with 2-3 flowers, 4 yellow calyxes, and many stamens; the top of the achenes has a persistent feather-like style, which is up to 5cm long, and most achenes are gathered in a cotton ball shape; the flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is August-September. Oriental Clematis is used as an important medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, and Mongolian medicine. The whole herb is used as medicine to dispel rheumatism and is mainly used for external treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. People often mash the whole herb and add alum, and apply the resulting mixture to the affected area to treat psoriasis. In addition, as an ornamental plant, Oriental Clematis has a high appreciation value as a garden beautification and hedge. In short, Oriental Clematis is an important resource plant, and its development and utilization prospects are relatively broad.

[0003] However, Oriental Clematis is rare in the domestic market, and its large-scale production is subject to technical bottlenecks such as low efficiency and long cycle of traditional cutting propagation. In the existing technology, the most effective and widely used propagation method for Oriental Clematis is cutting propagation, which mostly adopts single bud cuttings and river sand as a substrate for propagation. However, the conventional river sand substrate has poor water retention and air permeability, resulting in a rooting rate of only about 20%, and the hormone treatment is extensive, the auxin (IBA) concentration gradient is improperly set, and high concentrations (>1500mg / L) produce inhibitory effects. Environmental control is also missing, lacking temperature and humidity linkage regulation, cuttings are susceptible to pathogen infection, and the seedling system is also very backward. The traditional cutting container is poorly ventilated and the root system is blocked. Therefore, these common methods cannot solve the problems of low cutting propagation coefficient and long seedling raising time of Clematis, resulting in the obstruction of large-scale production of Clematis plants. There is an urgent need for a method to improve the survival rate of Oriental Clematis cuttings and promote seedling growth. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for improving the survival rate of oriental clematis cuttings and promoting the growth of seedlings, which can solve the problems of low clematis cutting propagation coefficient, long breeding cycle and inability to realize industrialization.

[0005] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of oriental clematis cuttings and promoting the growth of seedlings, comprising the following steps: Step 1, preparation of cutting medium: mix peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1-10:1-2:1-2, and sterilize them with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.5%-5%, and let it stand for 24 hours before use; Step 2, cutting preparation: select semi-lignified branches of the current year, retain a single node and 2-4 leaves, cut the upper incision at a certain distance from the node, and cut the lower incision at an angle 7-10 cm away from the node. After disinfection, immerse in 500-2000 mg / L auxin IBA solution for 10-30 seconds, then transfer to clean water and continue to immerse until rooting; Step 3, cutting operation: insert the rooted cuttings, the cuttings have ≥ 2 roots and an average length of ≥ 1 cm, into the substrate, with the nodes attached to the surface of the substrate, and the cutting depth is 6-9 cm; Step 4, environmental control: greenhouse temperature 25±1℃, air humidity 80%-100%, substrate moisture content 90% saturated water holding capacity, and adjusted to 60%-70% water holding capacity after the new branches grow to 3cm; Step 5. Transplantation management: After the roots have entangled the substrate, transplant it to a seedling pot containing Aolv A5 fertilizer for maintenance.

[0006] In another embodiment, the volume ratio of peat, perlite and vermiculite in the cutting medium is 10:1:1, 8:1:1, 5:1:1, 3:1:1 or 1:1:1.

[0007] In another embodiment, the volume ratio of peat, perlite and vermiculite in the cutting medium is 8:1:1.

[0008] In another embodiment, the concentration of the IBA solution is 1000 mg / L, and the immersion time is 10 seconds.

[0009] In another embodiment, the cuttings are taken from the 3rd to 5th nodes in the lower middle part of the current year's branches, with a diameter of 0.4-0.7 cm and a browning degree of 40%-60%.

[0010] In another embodiment, the disinfection step comprises: (a) soaking the surface of the cuttings in a 5% potassium permanganate solution; and (b) disinfecting the substrate by pouring through it with a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution.

[0011] In another embodiment, the cutting container is a transparent small pot with air holes on the bottom and side walls, and a tray is placed at the bottom of the small pot.

[0012] In another embodiment, the present invention further comprises spraying 600 times of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl or 600 times of 50% thiram wettable powder solution every 5-7 days after cutting, and removing diseased and rotten plants.

[0013] In another embodiment, the present invention also includes that the seedling-raising matrix after transplanting is peat, perlite, and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 8:1:1, and Aolv A5 special fertilizer for promoting seedling growth and root enhancement is added.

[0014] In another embodiment, the node of the cutting retains a branch on one side, and during cutting, the node is attached to the substrate but not buried, and the moisture content of the substrate is maintained by regular water spraying.

[0015] Beneficial effects achieved by the present invention: The technical solution of the present invention achieves a breakthrough improvement in oriental clematis cutting seedling cultivation by systematically optimizing the cutting medium, hormone treatment, environmental control and seedling raising device. It comprehensively improves the cutting cutting cutting method, optimizes the cutting transplanting medium formula and the optimal concentration of the rooting agent (IBA) solution, and improves the post-cutting management method, which can meet the industrialization needs of clematis cultivation and production.

[0016] The present invention improves the substrate and adopts a composite substrate of peat, perlite and vermiculite, and the survival rate of cuttings reaches 92.50±2.74%, which is 4.6 times higher than that of the traditional river sand substrate (20.00±4.47%).

[0017] The present invention precisely regulates hormones, significantly shortening the rooting time to 15.04±1.01 days (the clear water control is 36.17±3.81 days), and increasing the rooting rate to 62.50±8.22% (the clear water control is only 10.00±3.16%).

[0018] The present invention manages temperature and humidity in stages (25±1°C, humidity 80-100%→60-70%), and the length of new branches and vines can reach 102.73±4.29 cm, and the number of leaves can reach 117.73±4.18 pairs (Table 3), which is 6.5 times higher than the traditional method (vine length 15.88±2.63 cm).

[0019] The present invention promotes the root coiling efficiency by combining a transparent breathable seedling pot with a bottom tray design, shortening the standard transplanting period to 30-35 days, which is 50% more efficient than the traditional method (>60 days).

[0020] The industrialized production benefits of the present invention are outstanding. Through the graded seedling raising system, continuous multi-batch production is achieved. The annual output per mu of greenhouse reaches 200,000-250,000 plants, which is 4-5 times higher than the traditional single bud cutting mode (<50,000 plants / mu). The reuse rate of the composite matrix is ​​improved, and combined with the disease prevention and control system, the transplant survival rate is stabilized at 92.30±1.80%, reducing the cost of seedling replacement by more than 60%.

[0021] Therefore, the present invention breaks through the technical bottlenecks of poor air permeability of traditional river sand substrate and extensive hormone treatment, and through the coordinated optimization of substrate-hormone-environment, the cutting seedlings have the characteristics of strong stress resistance and uniform growth, providing reliable technical support for the large-scale and standardized production of medicinal and ornamental clematis, greatly improving the breeding efficiency of clematis, and laying the foundation for the large-scale production of clematis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited by the embodiments.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials, reagents, instruments and methods used in the following examples are conventional experimental materials, reagents, instruments and methods in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0024] Example 1 Synergistic Optimization Test of Hormone Treatment and Matrix Ratio 1.1 Experimental design (1) Material preparation: Plant materials: The current year semi-lignified branches of Clematis orientalis were collected from Dunhuang City, Gansu Province.

[0025] Matrix formula: Peat, perlite and vermiculite are mixed in volume ratios of 10:1:1, 8:1:1, 5:1:1, 3:1:1 and 1:1:1.

[0026] Disinfection treatment: Pour 0.5% potassium permanganate solution through the substrate and let it stand for 24 hours.

[0027] Hormone treatment: Treat with 500 mg / L, 1000 mg / L, 1500 mg / L or 2000 mg / L IBA solution for 10, 20 or 30 seconds respectively.

[0028] (2) Hormone replacement treatment at different concentrations: Prepare single-node cuttings (cut the upper incision 1 cm away from the node flatly, cut the lower incision 7-10 cm away from the node obliquely, and retain 2-4 leaves) Immersion treatment: Treat with 500 mg / L, 1000 mg / L, 1500 mg / L or 2000 mg / L IBA solution for 10, 20, 30 seconds respectively, and continue to cultivate with clean water until rooting. Set clean water as the control group, and set 3 biological replicates for each treatment group, each replicate containing 40 cuttings. Observe and record the dynamics of radicle germination at the base of the cuttings at 10:00 every day, and rooting is judged by the extension length of the radicle ≥2mm, and record the time when the radicle first breaks through the epidermis.

[0029] (3) Matrix replacement treatment: River sand was used as the control (Group F), and peat, perlite, and vermiculite were combined in different volume ratios to treat the substrate. Among them, 10:1:1, 8:1:1, 5:1:1, 3:1:1, and 1:1:1 were used as Groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Similarly, each treatment group had three biological replicates, and each replicate contained 40 cuttings that had been soaked in auxin (IBA) solution for 10, 20, and 30 seconds, and then soaked in clean water, and had sprouted new shoots and had ≥2 root systems (average length ≥1 cm). They were inserted into a transparent small seedling pot with a top opening side length of 7 cm, a bottom side length of 5.5 cm, a height of 10 cm, and a hydrophobic air hole at the bottom. The transparent small seedling pot was a transparent small pot with a bottom side length of 5.5 cm, an upper side length of 7 cm, and a height of 10 cm. The cutting depth was 6 cm and moisture was kept throughout the process. The survival rate, vine length, and leaf number of the cuttings were also measured.

[0030] (4) The specific operations are: Select a transparent small pot with a bottom length of 5.5cm, an upper length of 7cm, and a height of 10cm as a container, and fill it with river sand or peat, perlite, and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 10:1:1; 8:1:1; 5:1:1; 3:1:1 and 1:1:1. Use 0.5% potassium permanganate to irrigate the medium for disinfection, and then place it neatly for use the next day. The selection criteria for Oriental Clematis cuttings are: the middle and lower parts (3rd-5th nodes) of the Oriental Clematis branches collected in April-October, with a diameter of 0.4-0.7 cm, 40%-60% browning in the middle, and 2 full buds; its morphology is a single-node cutting, the upper incision is 1cm away from the node, the lower incision is 7-10 cm away from the node, and the upper 2-4 leaves are retained; and healthy stems without diseases and insect pests are selected, and they are elastic and bend without breaking.

[0031] Dip the cuttings into an auxin (IBA) solution of 500 mg / L, 1000 mg / L, 1500 mg / L or 2000 mg / L IBA for 10, 20 or 30 seconds, take them out and immerse them in clean water. Keep this treatment until they take root. When the cuttings have more than 2 roots and the average length exceeds 1 cm after germination, insert them into a small pot prepared in advance. The cutting depth is required to be 6-9 cm. Pay attention to moisture during the whole process and make sure the cuttings are moist.

[0032] Place the grafted small pots neatly on a tray and place them under the fluorescent lights in the greenhouse, entering the post-cutting management stage.

[0033] After cutting, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25±1℃, the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse is maintained at about 80-100%, the moisture content of the substrate needs to be maintained at 90% of the saturated moisture content, and after most cuttings have taken root, the moisture content of the substrate is maintained at 60-70% of the saturated moisture content.

[0034] Brown spot and anthracnose may occur during the cutting period, and periodic prevention and control is required. The main prevention and control agents include 600 times 50% carbendazim or 800 times 75% thiophanate-methyl or 600 times 50% thiram wettable powder, etc. If there are serious diseased and rotten plants, they should be cleaned up in time to prevent the spread of the disease.

[0035] When the roots in the small pot can cover most of the medium, they can be transplanted into large pots with a bottom length of 13 cm, a top length of 17 cm, and a height of 15.5 cm, which are filled with sand (Group F) or peat, perlite, and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 10:1:1 (Group A); 8:1:1 (Group B); 5:1:1 (Group C); 3:1:1 (Group D) and 1:1:1 (Group E). Add Aolv A5 special fertilizer for promoting seedlings and increasing roots, and carry out routine seedling management.

[0036] Table 1 Comparison of the effect of auxin (IBA) concentration on rooting time of Clematis orientalis (mean ± SD)

[0037] Table 2 Comparison of the effect of auxin (IBA) concentration on the rooting rate of Clematis orientalis (mean ± SD)

[0038] Table 3 Effects of cutting medium on the survival rate, vine length and leaf number of Clematis orientalis cuttings (mean ± SD)

[0039] The experimental results show that under the same greenhouse and water management conditions, the IBA treatment effect is that the 1000 mg / L treatment for 10 seconds group has the shortest rooting time (15.04±1.01 days) (Table 1) and the highest rooting rate (62.50±8.22%) (Table 2), which can significantly improve the rooting rate of cuttings and shorten the rooting time. The matrix optimization effect is 8:1:1 ratio (group B) with a survival rate of 92.50±2.74% and a vine length of 102.73±4.29cm, which is significantly better than the river sand control group (group F: 20.00±4.47%) (Table 3). The necessity of peat-perlite-vermiculite composite matrix was verified (P<0.001). Porosity and water retention are most conducive to the rooting survival of cuttings, and its cutting survival rate, vine length and leaf logarithm are the best. In the control group using clean water, the rooting time was extended to 36.17±3.81 days, and the rooting rate was reduced to 10.00±3.16% (Tables 1 and 2), indicating that rapid dipping with 1000 mg / L IBA for 10 seconds could increase the rooting efficiency by 6.2 times (P<0.01).

[0040] Example 2 Industrial production verification The production base is the Langfang Research Pilot Base of the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which uses an intelligent greenhouse system (temperature ±0.5°C accuracy, humidity ±5% control), 1000mg / L IBA quick dip for 10 seconds, and the matrix is ​​peat: perlite: vermiculite = 8:1:1. Multiple batches of breeding were carried out in successive days, and the method in Example 1 was used to obtain the optimal conditions and transparent breathable seedling pots for industrial seedling cultivation of oriental clematis.

[0041] Table 4 Results of industrial cultivation of Clematis under greenhouse conditions

[0042] As shown in Table 4, the feasibility of the method of the present invention in large-scale production is verified, and the annual output of a single-acre greenhouse reaches 200,000 to 250,000 plants, which provides a reference for the commercial breeding of oriental clematis. It provides a scientific basis and technical support for the large-scale propagation of oriental clematis, and is conducive to the factory production and promotion and application of clematis plants.

[0043] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of oriental clematis cuttings and promoting the growth of seedlings, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1, preparation of cutting medium: mix peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1-10:1-2:1-2, and sterilize them with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.5%-5%, and let it stand for 24 hours before use; Step 2, cutting preparation: select semi-lignified branches of the current year, retain a single node and 2-4 leaves, cut the upper incision at a certain distance from the node, and cut the lower incision at an angle 7-10 cm away from the node. After disinfection, immerse in 500-2000 mg / L auxin IBA solution for 10-30 seconds, then transfer to clean water and continue to immerse until rooting; Step 3, cutting operation: insert the rooted cuttings, the cuttings have ≥ 2 roots and an average length of ≥ 1 cm, into the matrix, with the nodes attached to the surface of the matrix, and the cutting depth is 6-9 cm; Step 4, environmental control: The greenhouse is at room temperature (e.g., 25±1°C), air humidity is 80%-100%, and the water content of the substrate is above 90% of the saturated water holding capacity. After the new branches grow to 2.5-3.5 cm (e.g., 3 cm), the water holding capacity is adjusted to 60%-70%; Step 5. Transplantation management: After the roots have entangled the substrate, transplant the plant into a seedling pot containing Aolv A5 fertilizer for maintenance.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of peat, perlite and vermiculite in the cutting matrix is ​​3-10:1:1, 8:1:1, 5:1:1, 3:1:1 or 1:1:

1.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The volume ratio of peat, perlite and vermiculite in the cutting matrix is ​​8:1:1, 5:1:1, 3:1:1 or 1:1:

1.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The concentration of the IBA solution is 1000 mg / L, and the immersion time is 8-12 seconds.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cuttings are taken from the 3rd to 5th nodes in the lower middle part of the current year's branches, with a diameter of 0.4-0.7 cm and a browning degree of 40%-60%.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The disinfection step comprises: (a) The surface of the cuttings is soaked in 5% potassium permanganate solution; (b) The substrate is disinfected by pouring 0.5% potassium permanganate solution through it.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The cutting container is a transparent small pot with air holes on the bottom and side walls, and a tray is padded on the bottom of the small pot.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: After cutting, spray 600 times of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl or 600 times of 50% thiram wettable powder solution every 5-7 days, and remove diseased and rotten plants.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: After transplanting, the seedling medium is peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 8:1:1, and Aolv A5 special fertilizer for promoting seedling growth and root growth is added.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The nodes of the cuttings retain branches on one side, and when cutting, the nodes are attached to the substrate but not buried, and the moisture content of the substrate is maintained by regular water spraying.

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