Method for building sound scenic area suitable for fish habitat by using underwater rockfill

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of channel development habitat protection and river environment reconstruction, in particular to a method for creating a sound scenic area suitable for a fish habitat by using underwater rockfill, which comprises the following steps: collecting river flow velocity, water depth and river curvature parameters through hydrographic measurement equipment; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring frequency spectrum and sound pressure level parameters of underwater radiation noise of a ship by using underwater acoustic measurement equipment, determining a water area meeting fish inhabitation and sound shielding requirements according to the parameters, and constructing a layered rockfill structure based on a natural river form. According to the structure, the microtopography and the continuous sound shadow area are arranged, the water flow condition is improved, interference of underwater radiation noise on fishes is effectively reduced, and therefore the fish habitat environment is recovered and stabilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to waterway development environment protection technology and river environment transformation technology, and in particular to a method for using underwater rock piles to create a suitable soundscape area for fish habitats. Background Art

[0002] The Yangtze River is a major artery connecting China's east, middle and west. The flow of rivers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively turbulent. With the in-depth development of the golden waterway, the waterway grade has been upgraded, while the hydrological situation and water environment quality of the original river channel have undergone significant changes. The fish habitat is gradually disappearing or dying out, and fish resources and their ecological diversity are facing increasingly severe challenges. After the waterway grade was upgraded, most of the fish habitats and flowing water habitats in the mainstream disappeared. The impact of underwater radiation noise from operating ships in the waterway on the underwater environment has increased. In natural environments or artificial habitats with turbulent water and affected by underwater radiation noise from ships, fish that have relatively high requirements for flowing water habitats and acoustic environments will not be able to gather and survive there.

[0003] With the advancement of river channel reconstruction and channel grade improvement, natural fish habitats and water habitats are gradually disappearing. Underwater noise, especially underwater radiation noise from ships, interferes with fish aggregation, thus affecting ecological diversity and the acoustic environment of fish habitats. Existing technologies mainly use simple rock piles or single artificial reef layouts, which can only achieve local slow flow effects or simple noise shielding. The material specifications and construction methods are single, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of suitable flow velocity and suitable acoustic environment for fish, resulting in unstable fish habitat functions and limited ecological restoration effects. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the many problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for creating a suitable soundscape area for fish habitats by using underwater rockfill. The present invention determines the water area suitable for fish habitat and noise shielding based on hydrological and acoustic measurement data, and constructs a layered rockfill structure in this area based on the natural river channel morphology. By setting micro-topography and continuous sound shadow areas, water flow regulation and noise attenuation are achieved, thereby restoring and optimizing the fish habitat environment.

[0005] A method for creating a suitable soundscape area for fish habitat using underwater rock piles, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain river flow velocity, water depth and river curvature parameters through hydrological measurement equipment;

[0007] Use underwater acoustic measurement equipment to obtain the spectrum and sound pressure level parameters of underwater radiated noise of ships;

[0008] The method comprises the following steps: determining a water area that meets the requirements of fish habitat and sound shielding according to the water flow parameters and noise parameters; and constructing an underwater rockfill structure in the water area based on the natural river channel morphology, wherein the underwater rockfill structure sets a micro-topography and forms a continuous sound shadow area to reduce the impact of underwater radiation noise of ships on fish.

[0009] Preferably, the hydrological measuring equipment consists of an electromagnetic current meter, an underwater ultrasonic water depth measuring instrument and a river curvature measuring instrument, the electromagnetic current meter is used to collect river water velocity parameters, the underwater ultrasonic water depth measuring instrument is used to collect water depth parameters, and the river curvature measuring instrument is used to collect river curvature parameters.

[0010] Preferably, the underwater acoustic measurement equipment is composed of a hydrophone array, which collects underwater radiation noise data of the ship and analyzes and obtains frequency spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of the ship.

[0011] Preferably, a predetermined threshold is set based on the river flow velocity parameters, water depth parameters, river channel curvature parameters, and spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of underwater radiated noise of ships, so as to determine the water area that meets the fish habitat and sound shielding requirements.

[0012] Preferably, the underwater rockfill structure stacks rocks in a continuous grading and staggered arrangement, and forms micro-topography by stacking in layers. The micro-topography includes local bottom slopes, shallows and deep pools, and its structural dimensions are designed based on the collected water depth parameters and river flow velocity parameters.

[0013] Preferably, the continuous acoustic shadow zone is composed of a rockfill layer arranged in an underwater rockfill structure, the thickness of the rockfill layer is not less than 0.5 m and the internal porosity is controlled within 15%.

[0014] Preferably, the construction position of the underwater rockfill structure is adjusted according to the frequency spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of the ship, and the adjustment is based on engineering design requirements and actual monitoring data.

[0015] Preferably, the natural river channel morphology is composed of a river channel cross-sectional morphology and a river channel longitudinal curve morphology, and the underwater rockfill structure is constructed based on the natural river channel morphology.

[0016] Preferably, the frequency spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of the ship are used to verify the noise shielding effect in the continuous sound shadow area, and the verification is based on the noise attenuation threshold set by the engineering design.

[0017] Preferably, the rockfill material is weathering-resistant and erosion-resistant stone, the main rockfill particle size is 30-60 cm, the cushion stone particle size is 5-15 cm, and the rockfill layer thickness formed by the rockfill structure in the deep pool area is 1-1.5 m, and the rockfill layer thickness formed in the shallow area is 0.5-1 m.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The present invention realizes accurate positioning of suitable fish habitat areas through accurate collection of river hydrology and underwater noise data and preset threshold judgment;

[0020] The present invention realizes the formation of micro-topography and continuous sound shadow zone through the layered rockfill structure design based on the natural river channel morphology, thereby effectively reducing the impact of underwater radiation noise of ships on fish, optimizing water flow conditions, and significantly improving the stability of fish habitats. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a supporting structure or fish reef under the rock pile of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic longitudinal section diagram of the riverbed bottom structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A bird's-eye view schematic diagram is constructed for the habitat of suitable flow velocity and sound shadow area for riverbank fish of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic longitudinal section diagram of the sound line and sound shadow area of ​​underwater radiated noise of a ship according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a bird's-eye view schematic diagram of the distribution of shallows and deep pools of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a river view for creating a fish habitat for the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a triangular prism artificial fish reef model that can be used in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a vector diagram of the back vortex distribution on the cross section of the artificial fish reef under different incoming flow speeds of the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the total sound pressure of the underwater rockfill habitat and its cavity created by the present invention;

[0030] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the total sound pressure level of the underwater rockfill habitat and its cavity created by the present invention;

[0031] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is obvious that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0033] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "include", "comprising", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0034] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0035] The present invention provides a fish habitat protection system and a construction method thereof, which protects the integrity of the river ecosystem where the project is located, and provides a suitable habitat for flowing fish and noise-sensitive fish. It minimizes the impact on fish in the river basin, creates a fish habitat, forms a certain range of flowing habitat conditions, and provides a habitat for flowing fish and other fish. Fig.11 As shown, the specific steps are:

[0036] Step 1: Analyze river flow characteristics to obtain river flow velocity, water depth and river curvature parameters;

[0037] Step 2: Analyze the underwater radiation noise field of river ships to obtain the spectrum and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of ships;

[0038] Step 3: determining a water area that meets the fish habitat and sound shielding requirements based on the water flow parameters and noise parameters;

[0039] Step 4: Based on the existing natural river channel morphology and actual measurement results, set up bottom slopes, shoals, deep pools and other micro-topography in the meandering sections of the river channel and high-velocity water areas to form continuous sound shadow areas and slow-flow areas to reduce the impact of underwater ship radiation noise on fish and provide suitable flow areas for fish;

[0040] 4.1. Construct the riverbed bottom: Pour the rockfill into the riverbed base with some embedded rocks to make the hydraulic gradient as gentle as possible, ensure the stability of the riverbed, ensure sufficient water depth in low water conditions, increase structural diversity, and meet local stability requirements.

[0041] Material specifications: The rockfill should be made of weathering-resistant and erosion-resistant blocks or rough cut stones, with local hard rocks (such as granite and basalt) being preferred. The material particle size needs to be graded and controlled. Usually, the main rockfill particle size ranges from 30 to 60 cm, and the shape is mainly angular blocks to enhance the embedding force. Natural boulders or gravels can be used as auxiliary materials to fill the gaps. The particle size of the cushion stone is 5 to 15 cm to enhance the permeability and anti-scouring ability of the structure. The compressive strength of the rock should not be lower than 30 MPa, and the proportion of flake or needle-shaped particles should be lower than 15% to avoid structural failure due to insufficient mechanical properties. Continuous grading or discontinuous grading design is required, and the maximum particle size should not exceed 2 / 3 of the thickness of the structural layer. The proportion of fine materials (particle size ≤ 5 cm) should be controlled at 10%-20% to ensure a balance between density and permeability.

[0042] Paving layer thickness and stacking method: The thickness of the rockfill layer needs to be determined in combination with the hydrological conditions and the design load. The paving thickness in the deep pool area is generally 1.0-1.5m, and in the shallow area it is 0.5-1.0m, and the density is improved by layered rolling (each layer is 30-50cm thick). When stacking, the staggered arrangement method should be adopted, the long axis direction of the stone is perpendicular to the direction of the water flow, and the porosity is controlled at 25%-35% to balance the permeability and structural stability. The internal voids of the cavity structure should be filled with graded gravel to form a porous medium to promote biological habitat.

[0043] Adaptability of ecological engineering methods: The construction of deep pools and shallows needs to be designed with a longitudinal gradient based on the gradient of the river channel and the flow rate. The spacing between deep pools is usually 5-8 times the width of the river channel, and the slope of the shallows does not exceed 1:10. The layout of the rockfill should simulate the natural riverbed morphology, using "fish scale" or "step" stacking to slow down the flow rate and induce turbulence, promote siltation and aquatic vegetation colonization. After construction, hydraulic model verification is required to ensure that the flow rate is controlled within the range of 0.3-1.5m / s for flood safety.

[0044] The technical parameters can be dynamically adjusted by referring to the "Technical Specifications for Integrated Soil and Water Conservation" (GB / T 16453) and the "Design Specifications for Soil and Water Conservation Projects" (GB 51018).

[0045] 4.2. Construct deep pools and shallows: Based on the characteristics of river channel slope and riverbed evolution, they are arranged at each bend. Deep pools are set up by shallow excavation on the concave bank, and shallows are constructed by stacking stones upstream of the convex bank to reinforce the bank slope.

[0046] Bottom slope: The recommended slope range is 1:2 (steep slope) to 1:4 (gentle slope), which can be adjusted according to the intensity of water flow and geological conditions. If the bedrock is stable, the slope can be increased appropriately.

[0047] Shallows and deep pools: The depth of deep pools should be 1.5-3m, the length should be 2-3 times the width of the river channel, and the slope should be 1:10 to 1:20; the depth of shallows should be 0.5-1.5m, the length should be 1-2 times the width of the river channel, and the transition should be smooth to avoid local scouring.

[0048] Support structure: The width is calculated based on the load, with an empirical value of 0.5-1.5m. The material used is large stone (≥30cm) or concrete structure, which needs to be embedded in the bedrock or stable soil layer for more than 0.5m.

[0049] Step 5: Based on the morphology of the existing natural river channel and combined with the sound field of underwater radiation noise of ships in the channel, construct the sound shadow area of ​​underwater radiation noise of ships in the channel to provide a suitable sound scenic area for the habitat of noise-sensitive fish.

[0050] Acoustic design: The effect of the acoustic shadow area is closely related to the noise frequency band. High-frequency sound waves (≥1000Hz) are significantly attenuated and need to be effectively shielded by the thickness of the stone layer (≥0.5m) and the porosity (≤15%). Low-frequency sound waves (≤250Hz) need to be combined with the terrain undulations (height difference ≥2m) to block the direct sound line.

[0051] Ecological compatibility: To ensure the passage of fish, a gap with a width of ≥1m should be reserved in the sound shadow area or diversion holes should be set up with a hole diameter of 20-30cm and a longitudinal spacing of 2-3m. At the same time, the water flow speed should be controlled at ≤0.3m / s to maintain the habitat.

[0052] The simulation confirmed that the rockfill habitat can indeed reduce the sound pressure level in the gap, such as Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The optimal location or height of the rockfill needs to be determined comprehensively by considering factors such as construction difficulty, economic benefits, and the hearing threshold of fish and the threshold of hearing loss.

[0053] The present invention also relates to a fish habitat protection system obtained by the above method. In the prior art, fish habitats are usually constructed by using a basic rockfill structure or a single artificial fish reef layout, and the technical difficulties and defects can be summarized into the following three aspects:

[0054] 1. Insufficient ecological adaptability: Traditional rockfill structures mostly use homogenized material specifications (such as stones of a single particle size), lacking targeted design for the avoidance behavior of target fish, resulting in low habitat utilization;

[0055] 2. Significant acoustic interference: underwater structures generate high-frequency noise due to the impact of water flow, and there is no acoustic shadow zone buffer mechanism, which inhibits the gathering of sound-sensitive fish;

[0056] 3. Lack of dynamic response: Static structures cannot adapt to seasonal or sudden hydrological changes (such as a sharp increase in flow velocity during the flood season), resulting in poor functional stability of the habitat.

[0057] The present invention achieves breakthroughs through the following innovative technical features:

[0058] 1. Gradient sound shadow zone layout: adopt layered rockfill structure (bottom layer particle size ≥50cm, middle layer 30-50cm, surface layer ≤30cm), combined with porosity gradient change (from 15% to 35% from bottom to top), to form a continuous sound pressure attenuation zone, which can improve the noise attenuation in the 20Hz-2kHz frequency band;

[0059] 2. Composite habitat unit: The fish reef support in the rock pile can provide a sound shadow area for fish and a slow flow area. The rock pile is full of microporous channels, which promotes the attachment of benthic organisms and prolongs the retention time of target fish by 2.3 times.

[0060] The above technologies work together to achieve two core effects:

[0061] 1. Under the same water area, it takes into account the suitable flow velocity for fish and the noise-driven fish effect, and the fish aggregation density is higher than that of traditional methods (needs to be verified by acoustic tag tracking);

[0062] 2. Reduced maintenance costs during the life cycle of the structure, mainly due to the erosion resistance of the base material such as rockfill.

[0063] Compared with the existing conventional practices, "simple riprap or underwater artificial reefs" cannot meet the needs of noise-sensitive fish for the acoustic environment, and the present invention proposes a special idea for constructing acoustic shadow areas. The current solution focuses on the problem of "damage to the acoustic environment of the river channel and loss of water habitat after the channel is upgraded" through the "underwater rock pile + specific layout + slow flow and acoustic shadow area creation" method to solve the problems of the disappearance of the slow flow area behind the reef in the river after reef clearing, the loss of the flow rate area preferred by fish, and the improvement of the channel level after reef clearing, busy shipping, and increasingly dense radiation noise from underwater ships in the channel, which may have an impact on fish. Compared with the ordinary underwater rock pile / slope protection scheme, the combination measures of diversified micro-topography + acoustic shadow area + slow flow area proposed by the present invention take into account the swimming behavior, hearing perception and possible feeding environment of fish at the same time. These combined punches significantly improve the stability and availability of fish habitats. The coordination between these technical features is not a simple superposition, but solves the "double challenge" of underwater noise and high flow rate environment. Setting up rock piles or fish reefs to provide slow flow areas for fish is a relatively conventional practice. The "core innovation" of the present invention is to provide a sound shadow zone that not only provides a slow-flow zone for fish but also provides a noise shelter for fish.

[0064] The present invention constructs, creates and restores fish habitats in natural form and provides a suitable soundscape area for fish habitats, provides fish habitats for fish in river basins or tributaries that are gradually disappearing or dying due to engineering construction such as waterway construction and development, or fish that have relatively high requirements for flowing water habitats and sound environments in waterways, protects and maintains fish resources and their ecological diversity, fills in and improves the theoretical and technical research system of fish habitat protection systems in main and tributary rivers in my country, and achieves economic and social win-win benefits of strengthening habitat protection, maintaining unique fish populations in the river basin, and protecting biological genes.

[0065] In a specific embodiment:

[0066] Step (1): Planning and construction of fish habitats in waterways.

[0067] According to the fish and their living habits in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, a habitat protection and construction strategy is constructed, and the construction scope, construction plan and monitoring plan after the completion of the habitat are reasonably designed. By creating a diverse water ecological environment, habitat conditions for fish are created. Considering the different conditions such as water flow velocity, water depth, water temperature and ship operation in the return ecosystem, when creating and constructing river habitats, the basic conditions are to ensure the ecological water depth of the main river channel during the dry season and the relative stability of the riverbed and riverbank during the flood season, and to protect, transform and repair the riverbed and riverbank. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 There is a supporting structure or fish reefs under the rock pile to support the underwater rock pile, forming a cavity structure under the rock pile. The cavity under the rock pile forms a fixed sound shadow area of ​​ship radiation noise, which can provide a suitable habitat for noise-sensitive fish. Figure 1 The size of the triangular prism artificial reef model is 1.50m×1.50m×1.31m. Figure 7 As shown. The area between the rocks on the riverbed can form a slow-flow area, which can provide a suitable flow environment for fish. At the same time, a large number of microorganisms and plankton can be enriched in the gaps between the underwater rocks, and plants such as aquatic plants can grow over time, which greatly helps the restoration of the ecosystem.

[0068] For the material strength of the fish reef, C30 or above concrete or natural granite is preferred, with a compressive strength of ≥50MPa, and durability must meet the design service life of 50 years. Metal connectors need to be treated with epoxy coating for corrosion protection. In terms of ecological compatibility, the surface roughness Ra is required to be ≥2.5mm, and the porosity is controlled at 40%-60% to take into account both biological attachment and water penetration. And it is necessary to ensure the ability to resist displacement under flood impact.

[0069] Step (2), maintain river connectivity.

[0070] River connectivity is the primary consideration in creating fish habitats. Affected by waterway construction and natural water flow factors, it is necessary to restore the vertical and horizontal connectivity along the river and transform the high-velocity water flow conditions that do not meet the fish upstream conditions, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the natural form of the river is preserved and restored to the greatest extent possible, domestic and agricultural production waste is removed from the waterfront areas along this section of the river, and the river's ecological environment is protected.

[0071] Step (3), habitat protection and complete restoration.

[0072] In habitat creation and construction projects, water areas and riverbank habitats can be partially protected to preserve the natural form of the river, including the meandering of the river channel and local landform features. For waterway construction, where the flow rate of the river exceeds the swimming capacity of fish, making it impossible for fish in the river to migrate freely upstream, support structures and underwater rock piles are used to modify the flow rate of the river channel, create a slow-flow area in the river, and allow fish to migrate freely.

[0073] Step (4): Create a diverse water flow habitat and sound shadow zone at the river bottom.

[0074] Create a diverse water flow habitat, including habitat node design, habitat node type selection and river habitat node selection. The unique and important economic fish in the upper reaches of the basin are mainly river fish. Different fish have different requirements for water flow. Habitat creation should take into account the water flow requirements of different fish for spawning, reproduction and habitat. To create a diverse water flow habitat, it is necessary to transform the micro-topography of local river sections, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 At the same time, some fish are sensitive to underwater radiation noise from ships. Underwater radiation noise from ships may affect the normal communication, swimming, endocrine and predation behaviors of fish schools, creating a habitat shadow area for noise-sensitive fish. The area where the sound line of ship radiation noise cannot directly reach is the sound shadow area of ​​underwater radiation noise from ships, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0075] Step (5) Create ecological slow-flow and sound-shadow areas along the river bank.

[0076] In order to ensure that this section of the river serves as a fish habitat in the waterway for a long time, it is necessary to comprehensively manage the bank slopes of some sections of the river according to the hydrogeological conditions to ensure that both sides of the river become fish habitats while ensuring the naturalness and stability of the river. The riverbank slope protection structure with riprap is constructed, and the debris in the riverbed is cleared first, mainly with blocks of stone, and the slope is pressed to protect the foot; the stone bank protection structure is constructed, and the landslide stone bank protection is constructed. The greening problem is solved by planting turf or cutting willow branches between the masonry stones, and the demand for soil and water alternation is met. At the same time, the riverbank slow flow area and the sound shadow area of ​​the ship radiation noise on the riverbank are constructed by using the stone pile, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0077] The flow range applicable to the present invention is about 15,000 m 3 / s, the flow rate range is about 3-4m / s. It is suitable for flood season with large flow.

[0078] Step (6): monitoring after habitat completion.

[0079] Monitoring work is carried out on protected river sections, with a focus on monitoring aquatic environmental parameters in habitat construction areas and adjacent waters, habitat environment monitoring, fish spawning, habitat monitoring, fish aggregation and population dynamics monitoring, etc.

[0080] Assessment of fish community changes: Through periodic monitoring of fish resources (such as species diversity index, population density, and the frequency of rare fish) and genetic diversity analysis before and after habitat establishment, the differences in fish community structure between habitat establishment areas and habitat reconstruction areas can be compared. For example, acoustic detection technology can be combined to dynamically track the scale of fish aggregation in deep waters, and the survival rate and habitat adaptation of released fish fry can be simultaneously monitored to verify the role of established habitats in promoting fish spawning behavior.

[0081] Noise environmental impact assessment: During the channel operation period, underwater acoustic monitoring equipment is used to continuously monitor the ship noise spectrum and sound pressure level, focusing on analyzing the impact threshold of noise-sensitive frequency bands (such as 50-1000Hz) on target species such as the four major carps. Combined with fish behavior observations (such as spawning ground avoidance rate and migration path deviation), the changes in the degree of interference of the acoustic environment on fish behavior before and after the establishment of the habitat are evaluated.

[0082] Step (7), verification of technical effect.

[0083] The simulation and emulation data of the present invention are provided to reflect the rationality and effect of the scheme. Triangular prism artificial fish reefs have been widely used in the waterway regulation project in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and play an important role in improving the flow state of water bodies and creating fish habitats. When the incoming flow speed is 3m / s, the flow speed behind the fish reef can be reduced to 0.3m / s, and when the incoming flow is 4m / s, the flow speed behind the fish reef can be reduced to 0.5m / s. The back vortex distribution vector diagram of the artificial fish reef on the cross section under different incoming flow speeds is shown in the figure below. Figure 8 Underwater rock piles can create acoustic shadow areas in the sound field, reduce the sound pressure level of water sound in the cavity, and provide a suitable soundscape for fish habitats.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware.

[0085] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for creating a suitable soundscape area for fish habitat using underwater rock piles, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtain river flow velocity, water depth and river curvature parameters through hydrological measurement equipment; Use underwater acoustic measurement equipment to obtain the spectrum and sound pressure level parameters of underwater radiated noise of ships; The method comprises the following steps: determining a water area that meets the requirements of fish habitat and sound shielding according to the water flow parameters and noise parameters; and constructing an underwater rockfill structure in the water area based on the natural river channel morphology, wherein the underwater rockfill structure sets a micro-topography and forms a continuous sound shadow area to reduce the impact of underwater radiation noise of ships on fish.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrological measuring equipment consists of an electromagnetic current meter, an underwater ultrasonic water depth measuring instrument and a river curvature measuring instrument. The electromagnetic current meter is used to collect river water velocity parameters, the underwater ultrasonic water depth measuring instrument is used to collect water depth parameters, and the river curvature measuring instrument is used to collect river curvature parameters.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater acoustic measurement equipment is composed of a hydrophone array, which collects data of underwater radiation noise of the ship and analyzes and obtains frequency spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of the ship.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A predetermined threshold is set according to the river flow velocity parameters, water depth parameters, river channel curvature parameters, and spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of the ship, so as to determine the water area that meets the fish habitat and sound shielding requirements.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater rockfill structure stacks rocks in a continuous grading and staggered arrangement, and forms micro-topography through layered stacking. The micro-topography includes local bottom slopes, shallows and deep pools, and its structural dimensions are designed based on the collected water depth parameters and river flow velocity parameters.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous sound shadow area is composed of a rockfill layer arranged in an underwater rockfill structure, the thickness of the rockfill layer is not less than 0.5m and the internal void ratio is controlled within 15%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction position of the underwater rockfill structure is adjusted according to the frequency spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of the ship, and the adjustment is based on engineering design requirements and actual monitoring data.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural river channel morphology is composed of the river channel cross-sectional morphology and the river channel longitudinal curve morphology, and the underwater rockfill structure is constructed based on the natural river channel morphology.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency spectrum parameters and sound pressure level parameters of the underwater radiation noise of the ship are used to verify the noise shielding effect in the continuous sound shadow area, and the verification basis is the noise attenuation threshold set by the engineering design.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rockfill material is weathering-resistant and erosion-resistant stone, the main rockfill particle size is 30-60 cm, the cushion stone particle size is 5-15 cm, and the rockfill layer thickness formed by the rockfill structure in the deep pool area is 1-1.5 m, and the rockfill layer thickness formed in the shallow area is 0.5-1 m.

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