Dendrobium officinale smoking liquid hydrogel as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses dendrobium officinale smoking liquid hydrogel as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing dendrobium officinale polysaccharide by taking dendrobium officinale as a raw material; carrying out dry distillation, condensation and collection by taking the dendrobium officinale waste residue after polysaccharide extraction as a raw material to obtain dendrobium officinale smoking liquid; and finally, adding xanthan gum and dendrobium candidum polysaccharide into the dendrobium candidum smoking liquid, stirring and standing to form the dendrobium candidum smoking liquid hydrogel. The dendrobium officinale smoking liquid hydrogel does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the dendrobium candidum waste residues are used as raw materials to prepare the dendrobium candidum smoking liquid through dry distillation, and meanwhile, the dendrobium candidum polysaccharide and the dendrobium candidum smoking liquid are matched to prepare the gel-state dendrobium candidum smoking liquid hydrogel, so that the dendrobium candidum raw materials are fully utilized; the application range is widened, oxidative deterioration of effective components can be prevented, and the composition is good in stability and good in application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of food, and relates to a dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Smoking is a traditional food processing method worldwide. The traditional smoking process is complicated and pollutes the environment. In addition, the smoke contains carcinogenic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which poses certain safety risks to consumers' health. Liquid smoke is an improvement on traditional smoking technology. Liquid smoke uses various biomass materials as raw materials and is a smoked flavor produced through dry distillation and purification processes. Liquid smoke is more convenient to use and can be added to the food that needs to be smoked by adding, spraying, dipping, etc. It is pollution-free to the environment, and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the product is significantly reduced. It can be used in various foods such as meat products, sausage products, fish products, egg products, and spicy strips.

[0003] At present, although there are relatively many theoretical studies on liquid smoke in my country, involving different types of raw materials, the types of liquid smoke actually used in the Chinese market are very single. Studies have shown that the rational selection of wood for smoking is one of the important prevention and control measures to increase food flavor and reduce food pollution. The development of safe liquid smoke is the development trend of the smoked food market in the future. As a precious traditional medicinal and edible resource, Dendrobium candidum has a history of thousands of years of application, but there has been no research on the production of liquid smoke using Dendrobium candidum. At the same time, the existing liquid smoke is liquid, which is not convenient to transport and use.

[0004] Therefore, a method that can make Dendrobium officinale into smoke liquid and solve the inconvenience of transporting liquid smoke liquid is of great practical significance. Summary of the invention

[0005] Due to the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for making Dendrobium officinale into smoke liquid and solving the inconvenience in transporting liquid smoke liquid, specifically a preparation method of Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel and its product, which overcomes the current defects of lack of a preparation method for Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid and inconvenience in transporting liquid smoke liquid.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing a dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel comprises the following steps: firstly, using dendrobium officinale as a raw material to prepare dendrobium officinale polysaccharide; then, using the waste residue of dendrobium officinale after polysaccharide extraction as a raw material to dry distill, condense and collect to obtain the dendrobium officinale smoke liquid; finally, adding xanthan gum and dendrobium officinale polysaccharide to the dendrobium officinale smoke liquid, stirring and standing the mixture to form the dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel.

[0008] The method of the present invention not only provides a method for preparing Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid by dry distillation using Dendrobium officinale waste residue as a raw material, but also the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel in a gel state can be prepared by combining the previously prepared Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide with the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid, thereby achieving full utilization of the Dendrobium officinale raw material and having good application prospects.

[0009] As the preferred technical solution:

[0010] The preparation method of the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel as described above, the preparation steps of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide are as follows:

[0011] (1) Grinding the Dendrobium officinale into 20-60 meshes, soaking it in anhydrous ethanol, filtering it, and drying it until the moisture content is reduced to less than 5-10wt%;

[0012] (2) Add the crushed material into deionized water, collect the extract after heating, and repeat the extraction multiple times;

[0013] (3) concentrating the extract;

[0014] (4) Add ethanol to the concentrated solution and mix well, let it stand at room temperature, then centrifuge to recover the ethanol and collect the precipitated crude polysaccharides;

[0015] (5) Dissolve the crude polysaccharide, remove the free protein and then freeze-dry.

[0016] The method for preparing the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel as described above, wherein in step (1), the immersion time of the anhydrous ethanol is 72 hours, and the drying temperature is 80-100°C;

[0017] In step (2), the mass ratio of the crushed material to deionized water is 1:20-100, the heating temperature is 80-120° C., and the heating time is 1-4 hours;

[0018] In step (4), the volume ratio of ethanol to concentrated solution is 4:1, the standing time at room temperature is 24 hours, the centrifugal speed is 3000 rpm, and the time is 15 minutes;

[0019] In step (5), the removal of free protein is accomplished by applying the Sevag method.

[0020] The preparation method of the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel as described above, the preparation steps of the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid are as follows:

[0021] 1) Drying the waste residue of Dendrobium officinale after polysaccharide extraction until the moisture content is reduced to below 5-10wt%, and then crushing;

[0022] 2) Dry distilling the crushed Dendrobium officinale waste residue, and collecting the smoke produced by decomposition through a condenser tube with distilled water (500-1000 g of crushed Dendrobium officinale waste residue can collect 800-1500 mL of collection liquid);

[0023] 3) allowing the collected liquid to stand and filtering it to obtain a crude extract of smoked liquid;

[0024] 4) Let the crude extract of smoke liquid stand, and filter it to obtain Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid.

[0025] The method for preparing the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel as described above, in step 1), the drying temperature is 80-100° C., and the crushing refers to crushing the Dendrobium officinale waste residue into 30-90 meshes;

[0026] In step 2), the dry distillation temperature is 200-420°C and the duration is 50-100 minutes;

[0027] In step 3), the standing temperature is -10 to 10°C for 15 to 30 hours, and the filtering refers to filtering through 4 layers of gauze and filter paper to remove granular and flocculent impurities;

[0028] In step 4), the standing time is 5 to 20 hours, and the filtration refers to filtration with filter paper.

[0029] The method for preparing the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel as described above, wherein the mass ratio of the xanthan gum to the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is 1:10 to 10:1;

[0030] The added amount of the xanthan gum and the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is 1-5wt% of the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid.

[0031] In the method for preparing the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel as described above, the stirring and standing refers to standing for 4 to 24 hours after the magnetic stirring is uniform.

[0032] The present invention also provides a Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel prepared by the preparation method as described above. The Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel is in a jelly-like solid state, can be dissolved in water at room temperature, and can be melted into a liquid by heating. Compared with liquid smoke liquid, it is not only convenient to transport, avoiding the disadvantages of liquid state transportation, enriching its application range, and convenient to use, but also can improve the stability of the product, can prevent the oxidation and deterioration of the effective ingredients, can achieve the purpose of slow release of the effective ingredients, is conducive to the preservation and use of the product, and has good application prospects.

[0033] As the preferred technical solution:

[0034] The Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel as described above has a polyphenol content of 14.95wt% and a carbonyl compound content of 18.8wt% (detected by Folin-Ciocalteu method). It is solid, soluble in water at room temperature, and melts into liquid after heating. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis show that it does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 16 common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoke liquid are not detected.

[0035] In addition, the present invention also provides the application of the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel prepared by the preparation method as described above in medicine and food. Specifically, it can be applied to various foods such as meat products, sausage products, fish products, egg products, spicy strips, etc., which can improve the safety of traditional smoked food, improve the stability and transportation convenience of smoked liquid, expand the application scenarios of smoked liquid, and promote the high added value recycling of Dendrobium resources.

[0036] The above technical solution is only a feasible technical solution of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust the specific design according to actual needs.

[0037] The above invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The method for preparing the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel of the present invention not only provides a method for preparing the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid by dry distillation using the Dendrobium officinale waste residue as raw material, thereby efficiently utilizing the Dendrobium officinale waste residue, but also the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel in a gel state can be prepared by combining the previously prepared Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide with the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid, thereby fully utilizing the Dendrobium officinale raw material;

[0039] (2) Compared with liquid smoke liquid, the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel of the present invention is not only convenient to transport, avoiding the disadvantages of liquid state transportation, enriching its application range, and convenient to use, but also can improve the stability of the product, can prevent the oxidation and deterioration of the active ingredients, and can achieve the purpose of sustained release of the active ingredients, which is beneficial to the storage and use of the product and has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The present invention and its features, appearance and advantages will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings. The same reference numerals indicate the same parts in all the drawings. The drawings are not drawn to scale, and emphasis is placed on illustrating the subject matter of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the yields of the liquid smoke of Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2;

[0042] Figure 2It is a comparison chart of the total phenol content in the smoking liquids of Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of the carbonyl compound content in the smoking liquid of Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2;

[0044] Figure 4 The figure is a comparison chart of the hardness and elasticity of the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogels prepared in Examples 4 to 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A method for preparing Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide, comprising the following steps:

[0048] The Dendrobium officinale was crushed into 20-60 mesh, soaked in anhydrous ethanol for 72 hours, filtered, and dried at 80-100°C until the moisture content dropped to less than 10wt%; the Dendrobium officinale crushed material was added to deionized water (the mass ratio of the Dendrobium officinale crushed material to deionized water was 1:20), heated at 120°C for 2 hours, and then the extract was collected, and the extraction was repeated 4 times; the extract was concentrated; 4 times the volume of ethanol was added to the concentrated solution and mixed, and the solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, centrifuged at 3000r / min for 15 minutes, ethanol was recovered, and crude polysaccharides were collected and precipitated; the crude polysaccharide was dissolved in water, deproteinized by Sevag method, and then freeze-dried to obtain Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A method for preparing Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid, comprising the following steps:

[0051] The waste residue after extracting the polysaccharide from Dendrobium officinale in Example 1 was used as a raw material, and dried at 80-100° C. until the moisture content was reduced to less than 5-10wt%, and the raw material was crushed to a particle size of 60 mesh; 25 g of the raw material powder was dry distilled at 310° C. for 50 min, and the smoke generated by the decomposition was condensed and collected with distilled water through a condenser; the collected liquid was allowed to stand at 0° C. for 20 h, and then filtered through 4 layers of gauze and filter paper to obtain a crude smoke liquid extract; the crude smoke liquid extract was allowed to stand for 10 h, and then filtered with filter paper to obtain the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A method for preparing Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the dry distillation time is 60 minutes.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] A method for preparing liquid smoke is substantially the same as that of Example 2, except that the dry distillation time is 30 minutes.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] A method for preparing liquid smoke is substantially the same as that of Example 2, except that the dry distillation time is 40 minutes.

[0058] The optimal dry distillation time was determined by comparing Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The yields of the smoked liquids obtained in Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were compared. Figure 1 As shown, the total phenol content of the smoked liquids obtained in Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 is compared. Figure 2 As shown, the carbonyl compound content in the smoked liquids prepared in Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 is compared. Figure 3 As shown by Figure 1 It can be seen that when the distillation time is within the range of 30-50 minutes, the yield of Dendrobium branch smoke liquid gradually increases, and when the distillation time is within the range of 50-60 minutes, the yield gradually decreases, and the yield reaches the highest value of 24.46% when the distillation time is 50 minutes; Figure 2 It can be seen that within the range of 30-50 min of dry distillation time, the total phenol content of Dendrobium twig smoke liquid did not change much during the dry distillation process. Specifically, as the dry distillation time gradually increased from the starting point, the total phenol content also increased accordingly. When the dry distillation time entered the range of 50 min to 60 min, the total phenol content began to gradually decrease. When the dry distillation time was exactly 50 min, the total phenol content reached a maximum point, i.e., 14.29 mg / mL. Figure 3 It can be seen that with the increase of distillation time, the content of carbonyl compounds in the Dendrobium smoke liquid generally shows an upward trend. The content of carbonyl compounds gradually increases within the distillation time of 40-60 min. Therefore, when the distillation time is 60 min, the content of carbonyl compounds reaches the maximum value of 18.8 g / 100 mL.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel comprises the following steps:

[0061] The Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution and the xanthan gum solution prepared in Example 1 were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:9, and the added amount of xanthan gum and Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide was 3wt% of the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid, and then added to the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid prepared in Example 2 heated to 60° C. in a water bath, stirred thoroughly, kept warm for 30 minutes, and then allowed to stand for 6 hours to obtain the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel.

[0062] Take 1g of the smoked liquid hydrogel of Dendrobium officinale prepared in Example 4, extract it with petroleum ether (60-90℃ boiling range), let it stand for stratification, separate and collect the petroleum ether layer, and slowly pass it through a 0.2μm filter membrane. Use a pipette to extract 1mL of the filtrate into a sample bottle and place it in the instrument for detection. Chromatographic conditions: chromatographic column TG WAXMS (30m×0.25mm×0.25um); heating program: starting temperature 60℃, hold for 2 min, then heat to 240℃ at a heating rate of 6℃ / min, hold for 6 min; vaporization chamber temperature 250℃; carrier gas (He) flow rate 2.0 mL / min; split ratio 60:1.

[0063] The results showed that a total of 243 compounds were detected in the Dendrobium smoke liquid hydrogel through GC-MS analysis technology with a matching degree of more than 60%. There were many volatile components, including 39 phenols, 14 aldehydes, 52 ketones, 13 esters, and no polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected.

[0064] Example 5

[0065] A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel is substantially the same as that of Example 4, except that the volume ratio of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution to the xanthan gum solution is 2:8.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel is substantially the same as that of Example 4, except that the volume ratio of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution to the xanthan gum solution is 3:7.

[0068] Example 7

[0069] A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel is substantially the same as that of Example 4, except that the volume ratio of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution to the xanthan gum solution is 4:6.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel is substantially the same as that of Example 4, except that the volume ratio of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution to the xanthan gum solution is 5:5.

[0072] Example 9

[0073] A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel is substantially the same as that of Example 4, except that the volume ratio of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution to the xanthan gum solution is 6:4.

[0074] Example 10

[0075] A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel is substantially the same as that of Example 4, except that the volume ratio of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution to the xanthan gum solution is 7:3.

[0076] The hardness and elasticity of the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogels prepared in Examples 4 to 10 were tested, and the test results were compared with Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the ratio of dendrobium polysaccharide and xanthan gum has a great influence on the texture and water holding capacity of the composite gel. From the ratio of dendrobium polysaccharide to xanthan gum of 1:9 to 7:3, the gel hardness changes to 81.01g, 121.38g, 189.37g, 223.49g, 173.89g, 145.34g, and 170.73g. With the increase of the amount of dendrobium polysaccharide added, the gel hardness and elasticity of the composite gel first increase and then decrease, reaching the maximum at a ratio of 4:6 or 5:5. If the amount of DOP added is further increased, the values ​​of each index will decrease.

[0077] Table 1 Sensory evaluation results (average of 10 people)

[0078]

[0079] The test results show that the pork strips treated with the two edible smoke liquids are similar in smoke flavor, meat flavor, taste, color and overall preference. The meat flavor, taste and overall preference are similar; the color is also basically the same.

[0080] Those skilled in the art should understand that those skilled in the art can implement variations by combining the prior art and the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. Such variations do not affect the essential content of the present invention, and will not be described in detail here.

[0081] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the devices and structures that are not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; any technician familiar with the art can use the above-disclosed methods and technical contents to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes, which does not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel, characterized in that: Firstly, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is prepared by using Dendrobium officinale as raw material; then, the waste residue of Dendrobium officinale after polysaccharide extraction is used as raw material for dry distillation, condensation and collection to obtain Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid; finally, xanthan gum and Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide are added to the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid, stirred and allowed to stand, so as to form Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid hydrogel.

2. The method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide are as follows: (1) Grinding the Dendrobium officinale into 20-60 meshes, soaking it in anhydrous ethanol, filtering it, and drying it until the moisture content is reduced to less than 5-10wt%; (2) Add the crushed material into deionized water, collect the extract after heating, and repeat the extraction multiple times; (3) concentrating the extract; (4) Add ethanol to the concentrated solution and mix well, let it stand at room temperature, then centrifuge to recover the ethanol and collect the precipitated crude polysaccharides; (5) Dissolve the crude polysaccharide, remove the free protein and then freeze-dry.

3. The method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), the duration of the anhydrous ethanol immersion is 72 hours, and the drying temperature is 80-100°C; In step (2), the mass ratio of the crushed material to deionized water is 1:20-100, the heating temperature is 80-120° C., and the heating time is 1-4 hours; In step (4), the volume ratio of ethanol to concentrated solution is 4:1, the standing time at room temperature is 24 hours, the centrifugal speed is 3000 rpm, and the time is 15 minutes; In step (5), the removal of free protein is accomplished by applying the Sevag method.

4. The method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid are as follows: 1) Drying the waste residue of Dendrobium officinale after polysaccharide extraction until the moisture content is reduced to below 5-10wt%, and then crushing; 2) Dry distilling the crushed Dendrobium officinale waste residue, and collecting the smoke produced by decomposition through a condenser tube with distilled water; 3) allowing the collected liquid to stand and filtering it to obtain a crude extract of smoked liquid; 4) Let the crude extract of smoke liquid stand, and filter it to obtain Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid.

5. The method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 1), the drying temperature is 80-100° C., and the crushing refers to crushing the waste residue of Dendrobium officinale into 30-90 meshes; In step 2), the dry distillation temperature is 200-420°C and the duration is 50-100 minutes; In step 3), the standing temperature is -10 to 10°C for 15 to 30 hours, and the filtering refers to filtering through 4 layers of gauze and filter paper respectively; In step 4), the standing time is 5 to 20 hours, and the filtration refers to filtration with filter paper.

6. The method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of xanthan gum to Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is 1:10-10:1; The added amount of the xanthan gum and the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is 1-5wt% of the Dendrobium officinale smoke liquid.

7. The method for preparing a Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stirring and standing refers to standing for 4 to 24 hours after the magnetic stirring is uniform.

8. The Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The content of polyphenols in the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel is 14.95wt%, and the content of carbonyl compounds is 18.8wt%.

10. Application of the Dendrobium officinale smoked liquid hydrogel prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in medicine and food.

Images