Caragana korshinskii grass meal biological fermentation feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a caragana microphylla grass meal biological fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, adding additives, and carrying out sealed fermentation. The caragana korshinskii powder and the corn straw are mixed, so that the palatability of the feed can be improved, the dry matter feed intake of cattle is increased, the feed digestibility is improved, the caragana korshinskii powder has higher protein and microelement content, the rumen pH stability and rumen microbial flora balance of the cattle can be promoted after fermentation, the immunity and antitoxin ability of the cattle are enhanced, and the feed is suitable for being used for the cattle. The feed has the advantages of reducing the occurrence of nutritional metabolic diseases, improving the body condition of the cattle, accelerating the growth speed of the cattle, improving the feed conversion and utilization rate of the caragana microphylla grass meal and the corn straw, and solving the environmental problem caused by straw burning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, and in particular to a caragana microphylla powder biological fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Caragana korshinskii, also known as Caragana korshinskii, belongs to the genus Caragana (Caragana Fabr.) of the Fabaceae family. It is a perennial deciduous shrub with a wide distribution in the world, and is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas in northern my country. Caragana korshinskii has excellent drought resistance and tenacious vitality. At the same time, its well-developed root system can prevent wind and sand, thereby improving the ecological environment. After the tender branches, leaves and flowers of Caragana korshinskii are eaten by livestock, Caragana korshinskii will undergo compensatory growth, which is the main basis for its sustainable use as a feed resource. Caragana korshinskii has a significant yield-increasing effect after rejuvenation. The yield of new branches grown for one year increases by nearly 3 times. After continuous feeding, Caragana korshinskii will not damage the ecology, and the utilization rate is low under natural grazing conditions, only about 20%, which seriously hinders its economic utilization value. Therefore, the scientific and rational development and utilization of Caragana korshinskii has good economic and social benefits and scientific significance. Caragana has luxuriant branches and leaves, containing crude protein, crude fiber, minerals, vitamins and various bioactive ingredients, and has high nutritional value. There are relatively large differences in the yield and quality of Caragana at different growth stages, and the nutritional content varies greatly. The optimal harvesting period is determined by using its nutritional change law to obtain high-quality and high-yield feed resources. A large number of studies have shown that in the one-year growth history of Caragana resources, as the growth period advances, the degree of lignification of the plant increases, the content of dry matter and crude fiber increases, and the content of crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrates decreases sharply. Studies have shown that a comparative study of the nutritional components of Caragana tender branches and leaves at different growth stages after pruning for one year found that the crude protein, crude fat and trace elements of Caragana tender branches and leaves showed an upward trend from dormancy to flowering, and its feeding value increased, reaching the highest level during the flowering period. The results of the study showed that the crude protein content of Caragana powder made from tender branches and leaves of Caragana korshinskii in the flowering period can reach 16%-20%, the crude fat content is 3%-5%, and the crude fiber content is 25%-33%. Caragana powder is rich in mineral elements, including 1163mg / 100g of calcium, 3562mg / 100g of phosphorus, 24.82mg / 100g of magnesium and 8.34mg / 100g of iron. Therefore, the stems and leaves of Caragana are also of high utilization value. Straw is a byproduct of agricultural production. my country alone produces hundreds of millions of tons of straw every year. Some of these straws are used for industrial papermaking, fertilizer raw materials, and rural life energy, but most of them are directly burned in the fields, which not only wastes precious resources, but also causes serious environmental pollution. In addition to a large amount of carbon, straw also contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, silicon and various trace elements, as well as cellulose, protein and other substances. It can be converted into high-quality feed through biological fermentation technology. Traditionally, Caragana korshinskii is used directly as feed, with high crude fiber content and low digestibility. In addition, the stems and leaves left after harvesting Caragana korshinskii are wasted. Traditional methods of straw processing, such as physical crushing and chemical treatment, have limited nutritional improvement or environmental pollution. In recent years, improving feed quality through microbial fermentation has become a research hotspot. Combining Caragana korshinskii powder with straw for biological fermentation can bring out the advantages of both. Caragana korshinskii powder can provide protein, crude fiber, minerals and vitamins, and straw can provide cellulose and energy. Fermentation technology uses microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast) to decompose complex carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose into easily digestible small molecules under suitable conditions, increasing the content of protein, minerals and vitamins, and improving nutritional value and digestibility. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved: seasonal shortage of livestock feed, but the problem of environmental pollution caused by burning of straw. The present invention utilizes the stems and leaves left after the harvest of Caragana to combine with straw to prepare feed with rich nutritional value, good palatability and long storage time through biological fermentation, making full use of the abundant local Caragana resources. The nutritional value of Caragana branches and leaves is usually higher than that of the whole, especially the tender branches and leaves, because of their high protein, vitamin and mineral content, palatability and digestibility are also better. Rich protein and other nutrients can improve the digestion and absorption rate of feed and animal immunity of livestock and poultry after biological fermentation, reduce inflammatory response, and improve the overall conversion rate of feed. And its process is simple, the production cost is low, it is not restricted by climate and season, and it is easy to promote. The promotion of this method can not only solve the current situation of feed shortage in the development of the beef cattle industry, greatly save feed costs, but also improve the utilization rate of straw and reduce the impact of straw waste on the environment.

[0004] Technical solution: A caragana powder bio-fermented feed, including a feed base and additives. The feed base includes the following components in mass percentage: caragana powder accounts for 65-70%, corn straw accounts for 30-35%; the additives include 1.0-2.0g / kg of feed base special biological fermentation agent, 0.01-0.03g / kg of feed base special cellulase agent and 2.0-5.0g / kg of feed base molasses. Furthermore, the caragana powder accounts for 70%, and the corn straw accounts for 30%; the additives include 1.0g / kg of feed base material for a special biological fermentation agent, 0.01g / kg of feed base material for a special cellulase agent and 5.0g / kg of feed base material for molasses. Furthermore, the caragana powder accounts for 65%, and the corn straw accounts for 35%; the additives include 1.0g / kg of feed base material special biological fermentation agent, 0.01g / kg of feed base material special cellulase agent and 2.0g / kg of feed base material molasses. Furthermore, the special biological fermentation agent in the additive is composed of 2×10 Lactobacillus plantarum 11 CFU / g, Lactobacillus buchneri 1×10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis 2×10 11 CFU / g; the special cellulase agent is composed of one or more of glucose oxidase 10000U / g and cellulase 100000U / g. Furthermore, the caragana powder in the feed base material is the stems and leaves left after the harvest of caragana, the corn stalks are the corn stems and leaves left after the harvest of corn cobs, or corn stalks with corn cobs, and the molasses is sugarcane molasses with a sugar content of between 40% and 50%. A biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder comprises the following steps: (1) Ingredients: Caragana korshinskii powder and corn stalks are added to a blender and mixed at intervals of 6 to 7 minutes to obtain a Caragana korshinskii powder-corn stalk mixture; (2) adding additives: evenly sprinkle a special biological fermentation agent, a special cellulase agent and molasses into the mixture of Caragana korshinskii powder and corn stalks to obtain a pre-fermentation material; (3) Adjusting moisture: Adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation to 65-70% and stir evenly; (4) Sealed fermentation: Use special equipment to wrap and seal the pre-fermentation materials, with a sealing density of 500-800kg / m 3 After 45 to 60 days of fermentation, Caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed can be obtained. Beneficial effects: 1. The invention uses caragana korshinskii powder as a main ingredient, which contains more protein and minerals than caragana korshinskii, not only improving the utilization rate of caragana korshinskii, but also having a higher feeding value. 2. The present invention uses caragana korshinskii powder as the main material and corn stalks as the auxiliary material, which has a positive effect on alleviating the current shortage of feed resources, reducing feed costs, ensuring the safety of livestock and poultry products, solving the problem of "antibiotic replacement" in feed, and alleviating environmental pollution. 3. The present invention aims at the nutritional characteristics of Caragana korshinskii powder, preferably uses a scientific combination of functional probiotics, and adds enzyme preparations for synergistic fermentation. The fermentation product has significantly lower fiber content than before fermentation, higher crude protein content, significantly higher volatile oil, total flavonoids and tannin contents, and significantly improved nutritional level. At the same time, the smell and palatability of Caragana korshinskii are also significantly improved. The synergistic fermentation of Caragana korshinskii with bacteria and enzymes can promote animal feeding and digestion and absorption, thereby improving utilization. 4. The caragana grass powder feed rich in bioactive substances and beneficial metabolites prepared by the synergistic fermentation of caragana with bacteria and enzymes of the present invention is applied to poultry farming, which can not only meet part of the nutritional needs of animals, but also give full play to its pharmaceutical and health-care effects, regulate the intestinal flora of animals, enhance the body's antioxidant and immune functions, improve animal production performance, reduce production costs, and improve the economic benefits of farming. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are explanations of the present invention and are not limited to the following embodiments: Example 1 A biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: S1. Ingredients: 7 kg of Caragana powder was added to a blender, and 3 kg of corn stalks were added and mixed after an interval of 6 min to obtain a mixture of Caragana powder and corn stalks; S2. Adding additives: Sprinkle the special biological fermentation agent (2×10 Lactobacillus plantarum) evenly into the mixture of Caragana korshinskii powder and corn straw. 11 CFU / g, Lactobacillus buchneri 1×10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis 2×10 11 CFU / g), 10 g of a special cellulase (composed of 10000 U / g of glucose oxidase and 100000 U / g of cellulase) and 50 g of molasses to obtain a pre-fermentation material; S3. Adjust the moisture content: adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation to 65-70% and stir evenly; S4. Sealed fermentation: Use silage wrapping equipment or sealing equipment to wrap and seal the pre-fermentation materials, with a sealing density of 500kg / m 3 After 45 days of fermentation, Caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed was obtained. Example 2 A biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: S1. Ingredients: 6.5 kg of Caragana powder was added to a blender, and 3.5 kg of corn stalks were added and mixed after an interval of 6 min to obtain a mixture of Caragana powder and corn stalks; S2. Adding additives: Sprinkle the special biological fermentation agent (2×10 Lactobacillus plantarum) evenly into the mixture of Caragana korshinskii powder and corn straw. 11 CFU / g, Lactobacillus buchneri 1×10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis 2×10 11 CFU / g), 10 g of a special cellulase (composed of 10000 U / g of glucose oxidase and 100000 U / g of cellulase) and 50 g of molasses to obtain a pre-fermentation material; S3. Adjust the moisture content: adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation to 65-70% and stir evenly; S4. Sealed fermentation: Use silage wrapping equipment or sealing equipment to wrap and seal the pre-fermentation materials, with a sealing density of 500kg / m 3 After 45 days of fermentation, Caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed was obtained. Example 3 A biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: S1. Ingredients: 6.5 kg of Caragana powder was added to a blender, and 3.5 kg of corn stalks were added and mixed after an interval of 6 min to obtain a mixture of Caragana powder and corn stalks; S2. Adding additives: Sprinkle the special biological fermentation agent (2×10 Lactobacillus plantarum) evenly into the mixture of Caragana korshinskii powder and corn straw. 11 CFU / g, Lactobacillus buchneri 1×10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis 2×10 11 CFU / g), 10 g of a special cellulase (composed of 10000 U / g of glucose oxidase and 100000 U / g of cellulase) and 20 g of molasses to obtain a pre-fermentation material; S3. Adjust the moisture content: adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation to 65-70% and stir evenly; S4. Sealed fermentation: Use silage wrapping equipment or sealing equipment to wrap and seal the pre-fermentation materials, with a sealing density of 500kg / m 3 After 45 days of fermentation, Caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed was obtained. Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that no special cellulase agent is added, which is as follows: S1. Ingredients: 6.5 kg of Caragana powder was added to a blender, and 3.5 kg of corn stalks were added and mixed after an interval of 6 min to obtain a mixture of Caragana powder and corn stalks; S2. Adding additives: Sprinkle the special biological fermentation agent (2×10 Lactobacillus plantarum) evenly into the mixture of Caragana korshinskii powder and corn straw. 11 CFU / g, Lactobacillus buchneri 1×10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis 2×10 11 CFU / g composition) 10g and molasses 50g to obtain the pre-fermentation material; S3. Adjust the moisture content: adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation to 65-70% and stir evenly; S4. Sealed fermentation: Use silage wrapping equipment or sealing equipment to wrap and seal the materials before fermentation. The sealing density is 500kg / m3. After 45 days of fermentation, the caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed is obtained. Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that no special biological fermentation agent is added, which is as follows: S1. Ingredients: 6.5 kg of Caragana powder was added to a blender, and 3.5 kg of corn stalks were added and mixed after an interval of 6 min to obtain a mixture of Caragana powder and corn stalks; S2. Adding additives: Evenly sprinkle the mixture of caragana powder - corn straw with a special cellulase (consisting of glucose oxidase 10000U / g and cellulase 100000U / g) 0.1g and molasses 50g to obtain pre-fermentation material; S3. Adjust the moisture content: adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation to 65-70% and stir evenly; S4. Sealed fermentation: Use silage wrapping equipment or sealing equipment to wrap and seal the pre-fermentation materials, with a sealing density of 500kg / m 3 After 45 days of fermentation, Caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed was obtained. Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that Caragana korshinskii is directly used instead of Caragana korshinskii powder, specifically as follows: S1. Ingredients: 6.5 kg of Caragana korshinskii was added to a blender after being shredded and chopped, and 3.5 kg of corn stalks were added and mixed after an interval of 6 min to obtain a mixture of Caragana korshinskii powder and corn stalks; S2. Adding additives: Sprinkle the special biological fermentation agent (2×10 Lactobacillus plantarum) evenly into the mixture of Caragana korshinskii powder and corn straw. 11 CFU / g, Lactobacillus buchneri 1×10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis 2×10 11 CFU / g), 10 g of a special cellulase (composed of 10000 U / g of glucose oxidase and 100000 U / g of cellulase), and 50 g of molasses to obtain a pre-fermentation material; S3. Adjust the moisture content: adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation to 65-70% and stir evenly; S4. Sealed fermentation: Use silage wrapping equipment or sealing equipment to wrap and seal the pre-fermentation materials, with a sealing density of 500kg / m 3 After 45 days of fermentation, Caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed was obtained. Performance measurement: (1)Moisture Determine the moisture content according to GB / T 6435. (2) pH value Take 20g of feed and add 40ml of purified water, stir evenly, and measure the pH value according to the method specified in GB / T 22592. (3) Crude fat The crude fat content was determined according to GB / T 6433. (4) Crude protein The crude protein content was determined according to GB / T 6432. (5) Total colony count The total bacterial count in feed was determined according to the provisions of GB / T 13093. (6) Determination of crude fiber The crude fiber content was determined according to GB / T 6432. Table 1 Physical and chemical indicators of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 As can be seen from Table 1, there is no significant difference in moisture content between the embodiment and the comparative example, but the pH values ​​of comparative examples 1 and 2 are relatively high, indicating that the addition of cellulase and fermentation agent can reduce the pH; after the fermentation agent is added, the number of live bacteria in the feed is significantly improved; more importantly, the crude protein content of the embodiment is significantly higher than that of the comparative example, and crude protein is an important nutrient for the growth and development, production performance and health maintenance of cattle, which can accelerate growth and increase daily weight gain. (7) Cattle feeding effect evaluation test The cattle weighing 500 kg were divided into 6 groups, each with 50 heads, and fed with the feeds of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 respectively. The whole test process lasted for two years, and all the cattle were weaned early and supplemented, and had free access to food and water. Table 2 Evaluation indexes of feeding effect of cattle in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 The feed formulas of Examples 1-3 are superior to Comparative Examples 1-3 in all indicators, especially in terms of organic matter digestibility, daily weight gain and feed-to-meat ratio. In particular, Comparative Example 3 uses Caragana korshinskii instead of Caragana korshinskii powder, and the feed intake is significantly reduced. Comparative Example 2 does not add enzymes, which makes the organic matter digestibility low, so the feed-to-meat ratio is high. This shows that the feed formula of the embodiment is more scientific and efficient, and can significantly improve the production performance and health level of cattle. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any technician familiar with the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the above disclosed methods and technical contents without departing from the spirit and technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder, comprising a feed base and an additive, characterized in that: The feed base comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-70% of caragana powder and 30-35% of corn stalks; the additives comprise 1.0-2.0 g / kg of a special biological fermentation agent for the feed base, 0.01-0.03 g / kg of a special cellulase for the feed base and 2.0-5.0 g / kg of molasses for the feed base.

2. The biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The caragana powder accounts for 70%, and the corn straw accounts for 30%; the additives include 1.0g / kg of feed base material special biological fermentation agent, 0.01g / kg of feed base material special cellulase agent and 5.0g / kg of feed base material molasses.

3. The biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The caragana powder accounts for 65%, and the corn straw accounts for 35%; the additives include 1.0g / kg of feed base material special biological fermentation agent, 0.01g / kg of feed base material special cellulase agent and 2.0g / kg of feed base material molasses.

4. The biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special biological fermentation agent is composed of 2×10 Lactobacillus plantarum 11 CFU / g, Lactobacillus buchneri 1×10 11 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis 2×10 11 CFU / g; the special cellulase agent is composed of one or more of glucose oxidase 10000U / g and cellulase 100000U / g.

5. The biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The caragana powder is the stems and leaves left after the harvest of caragana; the corn stalks are the corn stems and leaves left after the harvest of corn cobs, or corn stalks with corn cobs; the molasses is sugarcane molasses with a sugar content of between 40% and 50%.

6. The method for preparing a biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Ingredients: Add caragana powder and corn stalks into a blender and mix to obtain a caragana powder-corn stalk mixture; S2. Adding additives: Evenly sprinkle the mixture of caragana powder - corn straw with a special biological fermentation agent, a special cellulase agent and molasses to obtain pre-fermentation material; S3. Adjust moisture: adjust the moisture content of the material before fermentation and stir evenly; S4. Sealed fermentation: Use special equipment to wrap and seal the materials before fermentation, and obtain Caragana microphylla powder biological fermented feed after fermentation.

7. The method for preparing a biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step S1, caragana powder and corn stalks are added into the mixer at intervals of 6 to 7 minutes.

8. The method for preparing a biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moisture content in step S3 is 65-70%.

9. The method for preparing a biological fermentation feed of Caragana korshinskii powder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The density of the package sealing in step S4 is 500-800 kg / m 3 The fermentation time is 45 to 60 days and the fermentation temperature is 37 to 42°C.

Images