Method for improving quality of whole-plant feed quinoa silage
By mixing the whole plant of quinoa with wheat bran in a ratio of 7:3 for silage, the problems of high moisture and fermentation failure were solved, and the quality and safety of quinoa silage were improved, reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510108835.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
AI Technical Summary
The water content of the whole plant is too high after harvesting and the dry matter content is low, resulting in fermentation failure during silage and large-scale loss of nutrients. The regulation effect of existing additives is unstable and costly.
The whole plant of quinoa and wheat bran were mixed with 7:3 mass ratio for silage. The storage temperature was between 20℃ and 30℃ for fermentation for 30-90 days, and the storage temperature was between 20℃ and 30℃.
It effectively reduces quinoa moisture, improves the dry matter digestibility and safety of silage, avoids fermentation failure and nutrient loss, and is at a low cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN119949420A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of silage preparation, and in particular to a method for improving the quality of whole-plant quinoa silage. Background Art
[0002] The purpose of forage production is to harvest nutrient bodies such as stems and leaves, and there are no strict requirements on the temporal matching of climate and land resources during the growing period. The use of saline-alkali land resources to develop and grow high-quality salt-tolerant forage is of great significance to improving the efficiency of saline-alkali land use, increasing regional forage supply, and broadening my country's sources of animal protein.
[0003] Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an annual dicotyledonous plant of the Amaranthaceae family. It has strong salt tolerance, drought tolerance, and cold tolerance, and is a pioneer plant for improving saline-alkali land. Quinoa has extremely high feeding value. The relative feeding value of the whole quinoa plant at maturity is as high as 239, which is better than alfalfa hay and silage corn. The dry matter yield of quinoa aboveground during flowering period reaches 11.4t / hm 2 , the protein content exceeds 17%, it has good palatability and can be directly fed to livestock. The high biomass, high nutritional value and wide adaptability of quinoa make it an ideal crop for forage production in saline-alkali land. The harvest of quinoa is highly seasonal. If it is not collected and stored in time, it will become moldy and lose its nutritional value. Silage can preserve quinoa nutrients to the greatest extent. From the perspective of economy and feasibility, it is an effective way to efficiently utilize quinoa feed resources. However, studies have shown that the moisture content of the whole quinoa plant is too high after harvest, and the dry matter content is usually less than 15% of the fresh weight. During the silage process, undesirable microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae can easily dominate the fermentation, resulting in fermentation failure and a large loss of nutrients. The use of conventional additives to regulate the fermentation quality of quinoa silage has the problems of unstable effect and high cost. Many agricultural by-products have good water absorption properties and are cheap and easy to obtain. If these by-products are mixed with quinoa for silage, it can not only regulate the moisture content of quinoa, but also improve the palatability and digestibility of the by-products through fermentation. While improving the fermentation quality of quinoa silage, it will expand the source of feed and promote the use of agricultural and sideline product resources as feed.
[0004] The present invention aims at the technical bottleneck of preparing high-moisture whole-plant quinoa silage, selects wheat bran and whole-plant quinoa mixed silage, and effectively improves the quality and safety of quinoa silage, which is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land and the expansion of food sources in my country. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the technical bottleneck of difficulty in preparing silage of high-moisture whole-plant quinoa, the present invention provides a method for improving the quality of whole-plant quinoa silage for feeding, wherein the whole-plant quinoa is mixed with wheat bran to prepare the silage, specifically, the short-cut whole-plant quinoa and wheat bran are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 for ensilage, which can effectively improve the quality and safety of the whole-plant quinoa silage.
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention claims a method for improving the quality of whole-plant quinoa silage, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
[0008] S1. Cut the whole quinoa plant for feeding and cut it into pieces of 1-2 cm using a crushing machine;
[0009] S2. The chopped quinoa for feeding and the wheat bran are mixed uniformly in proportion to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the mass percentage of the wheat bran in the mixed raw material is 30%-40%;
[0010] S3. Ferment the mixed raw materials in a sealed manner for 30-90 days at a storage temperature of 20° C. to 30° C. to obtain fermented quinoa and wheat bran mixed silage.
[0011] Further: in step S1, the fodder quinoa is fodder quinoa grown for 90 days; when cutting, the whole plant is mowed at a height of 5 to 10 cm above the ground.
[0012] Further: in step S1, the whole plant of quinoa for feeding is cut into pieces of 1 to 2 cm by a crushing machine.
[0013] Further: in step S1, the whole plant of quinoa for feeding does not need to be air-dried to adjust the moisture after being cut.
[0014] Further: in step S2, the mass percentage of the wheat bran in the mixed raw material is 30% (quinoa: wheat bran = 7:3, w / w).
[0015] The quinoa of the present invention is a whole-plant quinoa and is a feed variety.
[0016] Preferably, the mowing height in step S1 is 5 to 10 cm above the ground, and needs to be cut short to 1 to 2 cm by a crusher.
[0017] Preferably, the agricultural and sideline products mixed with quinoa in step S2 are wheat bran, and the mixing ratio with the wheat bran is 7:3.
[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention seeks protection for the quinoa-wheat bran mixed silage prepared by the above method.
[0019] The present invention provides a method for rapidly reducing the moisture content of quinoa for feeding and improving the quality and safety of silage thereof, which has the advantages over the prior art in that:
[0020] The invention preferably uses wheat bran as an absorbent and mixes it with quinoa for feeding, which can quickly reduce the moisture content of quinoa for feeding and improve the quality of quinoa silage. The safety quality is the highest when the mixing ratio of quinoa: wheat bran is 7:3. The invention is suitable for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in my country with high temperature and high humidity, and helps to get rid of the drying step in the process of preparing quinoa silage, greatly improving the efficiency of preparing quinoa silage and the safety of feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 The effect of different proportions of wheat bran (A), beet pulp (B) and rice husk (C) on the Fleig score of whole quinoa silage. Where: W, wheat bran; B, beet pulp; R, rice husk; the number after the letter represents the percentage of by-products in the mixed silage; different lowercase letters in the same row represent significant differences P<0.05.
[0022] Figure 2 .In vitro dry matter digestibility of wheat bran, beet pulp and rice husk raw materials and the effect of their different mixing ratios on the digestibility of whole-plant quinoa.
[0023] Figure 3 Effects of different mixing ratios of wheat bran, beet pulp, and rice husk on the relative abundance of potential pathogens in whole-plant quinoa. Where: Control, W; W, wheat bran; B, beet pulp; R, rice husk; the numbers after the letters represent the percentage of by-products in the mixed silage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] The quinoa used in the following examples was collected from the Xinyang Base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the wheat bran and rice husk were collected from Tinghu District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, and the beet pulp was taken from a beef cattle farm in Yancheng.
[0026] Embodiment 1:
[0027] 1. Silage raw materials
[0028] The fodder quinoa variety is Taiwan red quinoa, sowing time is from late February to early March in spring, sowing amount is 300g / mu, plant spacing is 20cm, row spacing is 40-50cm, after 90 days of growth, the whole plant is mowed at a height of 5-10cm above the ground, and cut into 1-2cm with a crushing machine for later use; wheat bran, beet pulp and rice husk are mixed and used for later use. The chemical composition of fodder quinoa, wheat bran, beet pulp and rice husk is shown in Table 1.
[0029] Table 1 Chemical composition of quinoa, wheat bran, beet pulp and rice husk for feeding (unit: g / kg fresh weight)
[0030]
[0031]
[0032] 2. Silage Preparation
[0033] The chopped quinoa for feeding was evenly mixed with wheat bran, beet pulp and rice husk in the mass ratio of 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3 and 6:4 respectively, with 3 replicates in each group. The mixed silage raw materials were wrapped and sealed with 6 layers of stretch film with a density of 600 kg / m 3 After wrapping, store under a shed (storage temperature is 20℃~30℃), and open the package for use after fermentation for 90 days.
[0034] 3. Detection
[0035] 1. Fermentation quality
[0036] The pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen content of each group of silage were detected. The brief method is as follows: 35g of silage was mixed with 60mL of distilled water, extracted at 4℃ for 24h, filtered through four layers of gauze, and the extract was used to determine the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen content. The pH was determined using a pH meter; the ammonia nitrogen content was determined using the phenol-hypochlorite method; lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The Flieg's score method was used to score the fermentation quality of silage, with scores of 0-20 being very poor; 21-40 being poor; 41-60 being moderate; 61-80 being good; and 81-100 being very good.
[0037] Table 2. Effects of different proportions of wheat bran on the fermentation quality of whole-plant quinoa silage
[0038]
[0039] Note: W0, quinoa: wheat bran = 10:0; W10, quinoa: wheat bran = 9:1; W20, quinoa: wheat bran = 8:2; W30, quinoa: wheat bran = 7:3; W40, quinoa: wheat bran = 6:4; DM, dry matter; TN, total nitrogen; Different lowercase letters in the same row represent significant differences P<0.05; L and Q represent the linear and quadratic effects of the by-product mixing ratio on the indicators, and P<0.05 represents that the effect is significant.
[0040] Table 3. Effects of different proportions of beet pulp on the fermentation quality of whole-plant quinoa silage
[0041]
[0042]
[0043] Note: B0, quinoa: beet pulp = 10:0; B10, quinoa: beet pulp = 9:1; B20, quinoa: beet pulp = 8:2; B30, quinoa: beet pulp = 7:3; B40, quinoa: beet pulp = 6:4; DM, dry matter; TN, total nitrogen; Different lowercase letters in the same row represent significant differences P<0.05; L and Q represent the linear and quadratic effects of the by-product mixing ratio on the indicators, and P<0.05 represents that the effect is significant.
[0044] Table 4. Effects of different proportions of rice husk on the fermentation quality of whole-plant quinoa silage
[0045]
[0046] Note: R0, quinoa: rice husk = 10:0; R10, quinoa: rice husk = 9:1; B20, quinoa: rice husk = 8:2; B30, quinoa: rice husk = 7:3; B40, quinoa: rice husk = 6:4; DM, dry matter; TN, total nitrogen; Different lowercase letters in the same row represent significant differences P<0.05; L and Q represent the linear and quadratic effects of the by-product mixing ratio on the indicators, and P<0.05 represents that the effect is significant.
[0047] As shown in Tables 2 to 4, the mixture of wheat bran, beet pulp and whole quinoa significantly reduced the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of silage. Figure 1 The Fleig score showed that the fermentation quality of silage improved with the increase of the mixing ratio of all by-products. When the mixing ratio of wheat bran and beet pulp reached 30%, the fermentation quality of silage reached "very good", while even if the mixing ratio of rice husk reached 40%, the fermentation quality of silage was still "moderate".
[0048] 2. In vitro digestibility
[0049] In vitro dry matter digestibility: Weigh 0.5 g of sample and place it in a 50 mL conical flask, add 50 mL of pepsin solution, seal with plastic wrap, incubate at 39 °C for 16 h, shake the conical flask every 8 h, filter with qualitative filter paper, rinse the filtered residue with 50 mL of cellulase solution into a 50 mL conical flask, seal, incubate at 39 °C for 48 h, shake every 12 h, filter with weighed filter paper, dry the filter paper and residue at 100 °C and weigh them, and calculate the in vitro dry matter digestibility by the difference in digestion weight.
[0050] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the in vitro dry matter digestibility is: beet pulp (92.8%) > whole quinoa (85.7%) > wheat bran (72.1%) > rice husk (24.7%). With the increase of rice husk mixing ratio, the dry matter digestibility of mixed silage decreased significantly; with the increase of wheat bran mixing ratio, the digestibility of mixed silage decreased, but the dry matter digestibility of silage mixed with the highest ratio of wheat bran was still higher than 80%; with the increase of beet mixing ratio, the in vitro dry matter digestibility of mixed silage was the highest at 30%, and then decreased.
[0051] 3. Safety and quality of silage
[0052] The BugBase analysis method can be used to predict the pathogenicity phenotype of bacterial high-throughput sequencing data. Through the abundance analysis of potential pathogenic microorganisms, the impact of different proportions of wheat bran, beet pulp and rice husk on the safety and quality of whole-plant quinoa silage can be clarified.
[0053] Depend on Figure 3 As shown in the results, the relative abundance of potential pathogens in silage (control) of whole quinoa without mixed byproducts was 16.0%. The mixing of rice husk and whole quinoa significantly increased the relative abundance of potential pathogens in silage, and when the mixing ratio was 30%, the relative abundance of potential pathogens in mixed silage was the highest (18.1%). On the contrary, the mixing of wheat bran and whole quinoa significantly reduced the relative abundance of potential pathogens in silage, and when the mixing ratio was whole quinoa: wheat bran = 7:3, the relative abundance of potential pathogens in mixed silage was the lowest (9.59%).
[0054] In summary, the selection of whole-plant quinoa and mixing it with wheat bran significantly improved the silage fermentation quality. Although the in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased with the increase of the wheat bran mixing ratio, the dry matter digestibility of silage mixed with the highest proportion of wheat bran (40%) was still higher than 80%. When the whole-plant quinoa: wheat bran was mixed in a ratio of 7:3, the relative abundance of potential pathogens in the mixed silage was the lowest among all groups. Therefore, selecting wheat bran and mixing it with whole-plant quinoa in a ratio of 3:7 for silage can obtain high-quality and safe whole-plant quinoa silage.
[0055] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for improving the quality of whole-plant quinoa silage, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the whole quinoa plant for feeding and cut it into pieces of 1-2 cm using a crushing machine; S2. The chopped quinoa for feeding and the wheat bran are mixed uniformly in proportion to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the mass percentage of the wheat bran in the mixed raw material is 30%-40%; S3. Ferment the mixed raw materials in a sealed manner for 30-90 days at a storage temperature of 20° C. to 30° C. to obtain fermented quinoa and wheat bran mixed silage.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the fodder quinoa is 90-day-old fodder quinoa; when cutting, the whole plant is mowed at a height of 5 to 10 cm above the ground.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the whole-plant quinoa forage is cut into pieces of 1 to 2 cm by a crushing machine.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the whole plant of fodder quinoa is cut without drying in the sun to adjust the moisture.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass percentage of wheat bran in the mixed raw material is 30%.
6. Whole-plant quinoa silage prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.