Ring drill

Abstract

The invention discloses a trephine device, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments, the trephine device comprises a shell, a first blade, a second blade and a driving assembly; the shell is provided with a cavity penetrating in the first direction. The first blade is provided with a channel penetrating in the first direction, a cutting edge is arranged at one end of the first blade in the first direction, and through holes are formed in the peripheral side of the first blade. The first blade is movably installed in the cavity in the first direction and has a moving stroke in the first direction, the cutting edge has a cutting position moving to the outside of the cavity in the moving stroke and is used for conducting girdling on the skin, and the second blade is movably installed in the cavity in the second direction and located on one side of the first blade in the second direction. The first electrode and the through hole are correspondingly arranged in the second direction; the driving assembly is in driving connection with the second blade and drives the second blade to stretch into the channel to cut the bottom of the skin. According to the technical scheme, the problem that an existing trephine device cannot completely cut the skin is solved by arranging the second blade.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a trephine. Background Art

[0002] In medical treatment, a trephine is a common medical instrument for skin excision or sampling.

[0003] Current trephine can only excise the skin around to be excised, but the bottom of the skin to be excised still has tissue connection, and it is necessary to use tweezers and scalpel to cooperate to cut the bottom of the skin to be excised. Current trephine cannot completely excise the skin to be excised. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a trephine, aiming to provide a trephine capable of completely removing the skin to be removed.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the trepanation device proposed in the present invention includes: a shell, a first blade, a second blade and a drive assembly; the shell has a cavity running through along the first direction; the first blade has a channel running through along the first direction, a blade is provided with a cutting edge at one end of the first blade in the first direction, and a through hole is provided on the circumferential side of the first blade; the first blade is movably installed in the cavity along the first direction, and has a movable stroke along the first direction. During the movable stroke of the first blade, the blade has a cutting position that can be moved to the outside of the cavity for trepanning the skin, and can be moved to a first storage position in the cavity; the second blade is movably installed in the cavity along the second direction, and is located on one side of the first blade in the second direction, and is correspondingly arranged in the through hole in the second direction; the drive assembly is drive-connected to the second blade, driving the second blade to extend into the channel for cutting the bottom of the skin.

[0006] In one embodiment, the driving assembly includes a first driving mechanism and a mounting plate, wherein the mounting plate is disposed on one side of the first blade in the second direction, and the first driving mechanism is mounted on the mounting plate;

[0007] The first driving mechanism comprises:

[0008] A rack extending in a second direction and slidably mounted on the mounting plate in the second direction, wherein an end of the rack close to the first blade in the second direction is fixedly connected to the second blade;

[0009] The first motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate and has a driving shaft. Gear teeth are arranged on the circumference of the driving shaft, and the gear shaft is meshed with the rack.

[0010] In one embodiment, the trepanator includes a plurality of guide members, and the first blade is provided with a plurality of radially extending through holes spaced circumferentially. The guide members are provided on the outer side wall of the first blade and located between two of the through holes. The guide members are perpendicular to the radial cross-section of the first blade, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases in the direction away from the first blade.

[0011] In one embodiment, the driving assembly includes a first transmission mechanism disposed in the cavity and connected to the mounting plate, so that the second blade has a movable stroke rotating around the first direction axis of the first blade.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first transmission mechanism includes:

[0013] a gear ring, coaxially arranged with the first blade and rotatably mounted on the outer peripheral side of the first blade along an axis in a first direction, wherein the gear ring and the mounting plate are spaced apart in the first direction;

[0014] A connecting rod extending along a first direction, with two ends in the first direction fixedly connected to the gear ring and the mounting plate respectively;

[0015] a first gear, disposed inside the gear ring and configured to mesh with the gear ring;

[0016] The drive assembly further includes a second drive mechanism drivingly connected to the first gear.

[0017] In one embodiment, a transmission portion is provided at one end of the first blade away from the cutting edge, and gear teeth are provided on the outer periphery of the transmission portion;

[0018] The drive assembly includes a second transmission mechanism, and the second transmission mechanism includes:

[0019] a sleeve, fixedly mounted in the cavity, located outside the first blade, and threadedly connected to the first blade;

[0020] The second gear is arranged on one side of the transmission part in the second direction and is used for meshing with the transmission part.

[0021] In one embodiment, the drive assembly includes a second drive mechanism connected to the first gear and the second gear, respectively. The second drive mechanism is movably mounted in the cavity along a second direction, and has a first drive position in which the first gear is engaged with the gear ring, and a second drive position in which the second gear is engaged with the transmission portion, during the movable stroke.

[0022] Wherein, the second driving mechanism is drivingly connected to at most one of the gear ring and the transmission part.

[0023] In one embodiment, the trephine comprises:

[0024] A mounting frame extending along a second direction;

[0025] An installation box is slidably mounted on the installation frame along the second direction, and has an installation cavity, wherein the installation cavity is used for installing the second driving mechanism;

[0026] The handle extends along the second direction, one end of which is fixedly connected to the installation box, and the other end of which extends outside the shell.

[0027] In one embodiment, the mounting bracket has a bypass hole extending along the first direction, and the bypass hole extends along the second direction;

[0028] The second driving mechanism comprises:

[0029] A first bevel gear is rotatably mounted in the mounting cavity along the second direction axis;

[0030] A second bevel gear is rotatably mounted in the mounting cavity along a first direction axis and meshes with the first bevel gear;

[0031] a second motor, drivingly connected to the first bevel gear;

[0032] The transmission shaft extends along the first direction, is coaxially arranged with the second bevel gear, and is fixedly connected to the second bevel gear. The transmission shaft passes through the mounting box and the avoidance hole, and the two ends in the first direction are fixedly connected to the first gear and the second gear respectively.

[0033] In one embodiment, a pipe extending along the first direction is provided in the cavity, one end of the pipe is connected to the channel, and the drilling device further includes a negative pressure generating device, which is provided at the other end of the pipe.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention solves the problem that the existing trephine cannot completely cut the skin by providing a second blade. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a trephine provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the mid-ring drill;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first blade.

[0039] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0040] 100. trepanator; 1. housing; 11. cavity; 2. first blade; 21. channel; 22. through hole; 23. blade; 24. transmission unit; 3. second blade; 4. drive assembly; 41. mounting plate; 42. first drive mechanism; 421. rack; 422. first motor; 43. first transmission mechanism; 431. gear ring; 432. connecting rod; 433. first gear; 44. second drive mechanism; 441. first bevel gear; 442. second bevel gear; 443. second motor; 444. transmission shaft; 5. guide; 6. mounting bracket; 61. avoidance hole; 7. mounting box; 8. handle; 9. pipeline; 10. negative pressure generating device.

[0041] 200. Skin.

[0042] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0045] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions that satisfy both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0046] Current trephine can only excise the skin around to be excised, but the bottom of the skin to be excised still has tissue connection, and it is necessary to use tweezers and scalpel to cooperate to cut the bottom of the skin to be excised. Current trephine cannot completely excise the skin to be excised.

[0047] The present invention provides a trepanner.

[0048] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, the trepanator 100 includes: a shell 1, a first blade 2, a second blade 3 and a drive assembly 4; the shell 1 has a cavity 11 that passes through in a first direction; the first blade 2 has a channel 21 that passes through in the first direction, a cutting edge 23 is provided at one end of the first blade 2 in the first direction, and a through hole 22 is provided on the circumferential side of the first blade 2; the first blade 2 is movably installed in the cavity 11 along the first direction and has a movable stroke along the first direction. During the movable stroke of the first blade 2, the cutting edge 23 has a cutting position that can be moved to the outside of the cavity 11 for circumcising the skin, and can be moved to a first storage position in the cavity 11; the second blade 3 is movably installed in the cavity 11 along the second direction, and is located on one side of the first blade 2 in the second direction, and is correspondingly arranged in the second direction of the through hole 22; the drive assembly 4 is driven and connected to the second blade 3, driving the second blade 3 to extend into the channel 21 for cutting the bottom of the skin.

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention is to set an annular blade 23 at one end of the first blade 2. The blade 23 moves along the first direction and extends out of the shell 1 to perform circumcision on the skin to be sampled. After the circumcision, there is still tissue connection at the bottom of the skin to be sampled, and the skin to be sampled cannot be removed. Because the user presses the shell 1 on the skin during circumcision, there is pressure between the shell 1 and the skin, and the skin will also deform. After the circumcision, the skin in the circumcision area should not be under pressure, so it will protrude from the surrounding skin. The skin in the circumcision area is located in the channel 21 of the first blade 2, and part of it is located in the cavity 11. Therefore, a through hole 22 is set on the side wall of the first blade 2, and the second blade 3 is set on one side of the through hole 22 and is movable along the second direction, so that the second blade 3 can extend into the channel 21 through the through hole 22 to cut the tissue connection at the bottom of the skin, so that the skin to be sampled can be cut and the skin can be extracted.

[0050] In order to realize the movable setting of the second blade 3 along the second direction, specifically, in one embodiment, the driving assembly 4 includes a first driving mechanism 42 and a mounting plate 41. The mounting plate 41 is arranged on one side of the first blade 2 in the second direction, and the first driving mechanism 42 is mounted on the mounting plate 41; the first driving mechanism 42 includes: a rack 421 and a first motor 422. The rack 421 extends along the second direction and is slidably mounted on the mounting plate 41 along the second direction. The end of the rack 421 close to the first blade 2 in the second direction is fixedly connected to the second blade 3; the first motor 422 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 41 and has a driving shaft. The driving shaft is provided with gear teeth on its circumference. The gear shaft is engaged with the rack 421. When the first motor 422 is started, the gear teeth drive the rack 421 and the second blade 3 to move along the second direction.

[0051] Since the first blade 2 rotates along the axis of the first direction, the second blade 3 is not necessarily opposite to the through hole 22, so the second blade 3 may not be able to pass through the through hole 22 when it moves along the second direction. In order to enable the second blade 3 to be inserted into the through hole 22, the trepanator 100 includes a plurality of guide members 5. The first blade 2 is provided with a plurality of radially extending through holes 22 at intervals along the circumference. The guide members 5 are provided on the outer side wall of the first blade 2 and are located between two of the through holes 22. The guide members 5 are perpendicular to the radial cross-section of the first blade 2, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases in the direction away from the first blade 2. When the second blade 3 is not opposite to the through hole 22, the second blade 3 abuts against the guide member 5 during its movement. When abutting, the first blade 2 rotates, and finally the second blade 3 enters the channel 21 along the guide member 5.

[0052] The width of the through hole 22 will not be greater than the diameter of the channel 21. Only when the width of the through hole 22 is equal to the diameter of the channel 21, the second blade 3 can be inserted into the channel 21 to completely cut off the tissue at the lower end of the skin. However, since such a large through hole 22 is required, it means that the section where the through hole 22 is set in the first direction is missing half of the structure compared to the normal blade structure. Its force and rigidity will be greatly affected, and the section where the through hole 22 is set is easy to bend. Therefore, multiple through holes 22 are set at circumferential intervals on the first blade 2. At this time, the blade structure strength is better than the structure where the through hole 22 with a diameter equivalent to the channel 21 is set. When the width of the through hole 22 is smaller than the diameter of the channel 21, the second blade 3 is inserted into the channel 21 along the second direction and cannot completely cut off the tissue at the lower end of the skin. Therefore, after the second blade 3 is inserted into the skin tissue, the second blade 3 needs to be rotated to completely cut off the tissue at the lower end of the skin. In order to rotate the second blade 3 , the driving assembly 4 includes a first transmission mechanism 43 , which is disposed in the cavity 11 and connected to the mounting plate 41 , so that the second blade 3 has a movable stroke rotating around the first direction axis of the first blade 2 .

[0053] Specifically, the first transmission mechanism 43 includes: a gear ring 431, a connecting rod 432, and a first gear 433. The gear ring 431 is coaxially arranged with the first blade 2 and is rotatably mounted on the outer peripheral side of the first blade 2 along the first direction axis. The gear ring 431 and the mounting plate 41 are spaced apart in the first direction. The connecting rod 432 extends in the first direction, with its ends in the first direction fixedly connected to the gear ring 431 and the mounting plate 41, respectively. The first gear 433 is disposed on the inner side of the gear ring 431 for meshing with the gear ring 431. The drive assembly 4 also includes a second drive mechanism 44, which is drivably connected to the first gear 433. The second drive mechanism 44 drives the first gear 433 to rotate, and the first gear 433 drives the gear ring 431 to rotate. Because the mounting plate 41 is fixedly connected to the gear ring 431 and the blade is indirectly mounted on the mounting plate 41, it can revolve around the first direction axis to cut.

[0054] In order to enable the first blade 2 to move in the first direction, a transmission portion 24 is provided at the end of the first blade 2 away from the cutting edge 23, and gear teeth are provided on the outer periphery of the transmission portion 24. The drive assembly 4 includes a second transmission mechanism, which includes: a sleeve and a second gear. The sleeve is fixedly mounted in the cavity 11 and is located outside the first blade 2 and is threadedly connected to the first blade 2. The second gear is provided on one side of the transmission portion 24 in the second direction and is used to engage with the transmission portion 24. When the second gear rotates, because the sleeve is threadedly connected to the first blade 2 and the sleeve is fixed, the first blade 2 rotates along the axis of the first direction and moves in the first direction. The first blade 2 moves spirally in the first direction.

[0055] Since the position of the through hole 22 changes when the first blade 2 rotates, the second blade 3 cannot be inserted into the channel 21. In addition, when the second blade 3 is inserted into the through hole 22 and rotates, in order to completely cut, the second blade 3 rotates at a large angle. The second blade 3 needs to drive the first blade 2 to rotate. However, when the first blade 2 is driven by the second gear, it is restricted by the second gear and may not rotate normally. Therefore, the first blade 2 and the second blade 3 cannot be driven to rotate at the same time.

[0056] In one embodiment, the drive assembly 4 includes a second drive mechanism 44, which is connected to the first gear 433 and the second gear respectively. The second drive mechanism 44 is movably installed in the cavity 11 along the second direction. In the movable stroke, it has a first drive position in which the first gear 433 is engaged with the gear ring 431, and a second drive position in which the second gear is engaged with the transmission part 24; wherein, the second drive mechanism 44 is driven and connected to at most one of the gear ring 431 and the transmission part 24.

[0057] The specific structure of the second driving mechanism 44 capable of moving in the second direction is as follows: the trephine drill 100 includes: a mounting frame 6, a mounting box 7, and a handle 8; the mounting frame 6 extends in the second direction and is fixedly mounted in the cavity 11; the mounting box 7 is slidably mounted on the mounting frame 6 in the second direction and has a mounting cavity for mounting the second driving mechanism 44; the handle 8 extends in the second direction, one end of which is fixedly connected to the mounting box 7 and the other end of which extends outside the housing 1 for user operation. The second driving mechanism 44 is moved between the first driving position and the second driving position by pulling the handle 8.

[0058] The second drive mechanism 44 comprises a first bevel gear 441, a second bevel gear 442, a second motor 443, and a transmission shaft 444. The first bevel gear 441 is mounted within the mounting cavity, rotatably along its axis in the second direction. The second bevel gear 442 is mounted within the mounting cavity, rotatably along its axis in the first direction, and meshes with the first bevel gear 441. The second motor 443 is drivingly connected to the first bevel gear 441. The mounting frame 6 has a clearance hole 61 extending in the first direction and extending in the second direction. The transmission shaft 444 extends in the first direction, is coaxial with the second bevel gear 442, and is fixedly connected to the second bevel gear 442. The transmission shaft 444 passes through the mounting box 7 and the clearance hole 61, and its ends in the first direction are fixedly connected to the first gear 433 and the second gear, respectively. When the second motor 443 is activated, it drives the transmission shaft 444 to rotate in the first direction via the bevel gear assembly, thereby simultaneously driving the first gear 433 and the second gear to rotate.

[0059] When the present trephine device 100 is in use, one end of the housing 1 is pressed against the skin, and the handle 8 is pulled to move the second drive mechanism 44 to the second drive position. At this time, the first gear 433 is disengaged from the gear ring 431, and the second blade 3 is located on one side of the first blade 2. The second motor 443 is started, and the cutting edge 23 of the first blade 2 moves outward from the cavity 11, advancing in a spiral manner to perform a trephine on the skin. Under pressure, the normal skin is pressed at a lower position, and the trephine portion is higher than the peripheral skin, located within the cavity 11, and located within the channel 21. The handle 8 is then pulled to move the second drive mechanism 44 to the first drive position, and the second gear is disengaged from the first blade 2. Start the first motor 422, the second blade 3 extends into the channel 21, and then start the first motor 422 again, the second blade 3 rotates, and during rotation, the second blade 3 abuts against the side wall of the through hole 22 and pushes the first blade 2 to rotate (the transmission part 24 is disengaged from the second gear, and the rotation of the first blade 2 is not restricted by the second gear), and the second blade 3 cuts the bottom of the skin tissue.

[0060] In order to collect the excised skin, a pipe 9 extending along a first direction is provided in the cavity 11, one end of which is connected to the channel 21. The trepanator 100 further includes a negative pressure generating device 10, which is provided at the other end of the pipe 9. The excised skin is sucked through the negative pressure generating device 10.

[0061] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by utilizing the contents of the present invention's description and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A trephine drill, characterized in that: include: A housing having a cavity extending through along a first direction; A first blade has a passage extending in a first direction, a blade is provided at one end of the first blade in the first direction, and a through hole is provided on the peripheral side of the first blade; the first blade is movably installed in the cavity along the first direction, and has a movable stroke along the first direction. During the movable stroke of the first blade, the blade can move to a cutting position outside the cavity for circumcision of the skin, and can move to a first storage position inside the cavity; A second blade is movably installed in the cavity along a second direction and is located on one side of the first blade in the second direction and is correspondingly arranged in the through hole in the second direction; The driving assembly is connected to the second blade drivingly, and drives the second blade to extend into the channel for cutting the bottom of the skin.

2. The trephine drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a first driving mechanism and a mounting plate, wherein the mounting plate is arranged on one side of the first blade in the second direction, and the first driving mechanism is mounted on the mounting plate; The first driving mechanism comprises: A rack extending along the second direction and slidably mounted on the mounting plate along the second direction, wherein one end of the rack close to the first blade in the second direction is fixedly connected to the second blade; The first motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate and has a driving shaft. The circumference of the driving shaft is provided with gear teeth, and the gear shaft is meshed with the rack.

3. The trephine drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trepanner includes a plurality of guide members, the first blade is provided with a plurality of through holes radially passing therethrough at intervals along the circumferential direction, the guide members are provided on the outer side wall of the first blade and are located between two of the through holes, the guide members are perpendicular to the radial cross section of the first blade, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases in the direction away from the first blade.

4. The trephine drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a first transmission mechanism, which is disposed in the cavity and connected to the mounting plate, so that the second blade has a movable stroke rotating around the first direction axis of the first blade.

5. The trephine drill according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first transmission mechanism comprises: A gear ring is coaxially arranged with the first blade and is rotatably mounted on the outer peripheral side of the first blade along the axis in the first direction, and the gear ring and the mounting plate are spaced apart in the first direction; A connecting rod extending along a first direction, with two ends in the first direction respectively fixedly connected to the gear ring and the mounting plate; A first gear, disposed inside the gear ring and configured to mesh with the gear ring; The driving assembly further includes a second driving mechanism, which is drivingly connected to the first gear.

6. The trephine drill according to claim 5, characterized in that: A transmission part is arranged at one end of the first blade away from the blade edge, and gear teeth are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the transmission part; The drive assembly includes a second transmission mechanism, and the second transmission mechanism includes: A sleeve, fixedly mounted in the cavity, located outside the first blade, and threadedly connected to the first blade; The second gear is arranged on one side of the transmission part in the second direction and is used for meshing with the transmission part.

7. The trephine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a second driving mechanism, which is connected to the first gear and the second gear respectively, and the second driving mechanism is movably installed in the cavity along the second direction, and has a first driving position in which the first gear is meshed with the gear ring, and a second driving position in which the second gear is meshed with the transmission part in the movable stroke; Wherein, the second driving mechanism is drivingly connected to at most one of the gear ring and the transmission part.

8. The trephine according to claim 7, characterized in that The trepanning device comprises: A mounting frame extending along a second direction; An installation box is slidably installed on the installation frame along the second direction, and has an installation cavity, wherein the installation cavity is used for installing the second driving mechanism; The handle extends along the second direction, one end of which is fixedly connected to the installation box, and the other end of which extends outside the shell.

9. The trephine according to claim 8, characterized in that The mounting frame has an escape hole extending in a first direction, and the escape hole extends in a second direction; The second driving mechanism comprises: A first bevel gear is rotatably mounted in the mounting cavity along the axis of the second direction; A second bevel gear is rotatably installed in the installation cavity along the first direction axis and meshes with the first bevel gear; A second motor is drivingly connected to the first bevel gear; The transmission shaft extends along the first direction, is coaxially arranged with the second bevel gear, and is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear. The transmission shaft passes through the installation box and the avoidance hole, and the two ends in the first direction are respectively fixedly connected with the first gear and the second gear.

10. The trephine drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pipe extending along a first direction is arranged in the cavity, one end of the pipe is connected to the channel, and the trepanner also includes a negative pressure generating device, which is arranged at the other end of the pipe.

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