Tubular reactor
By setting up a catalyst bed in the shell of the tube reactor and passing through the tube, the problem of easy breakage of the catalyst is solved, and the long life and efficient reaction of the catalyst are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311475873.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
AI Technical Summary
The filling of catalysts in existing tube reactors can easily lead to the breakdown of the catalyst, reducing the service life and reaction efficiency of the catalyst.
A catalyst bed is arranged in the shell and a column tube of a heat exchange mechanism is arranged to provide sufficient space for the catalyst particles to avoid breaking.
Effectively prevent the catalyst particles from breaking when heated, extending the service life of the catalyst and improving the reaction efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119951415A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reaction devices, and in particular to a shell-and-tube reactor. Background Art
[0002] In the chemical industry, many reactions or adsorption processes require the use of solid catalysts or adsorbents. In the above reaction or adsorption process, the solid bed temperature will rise due to the presence of reaction heat or adsorption heat. In order to improve the reaction efficiency and prevent temperature runaway, it is necessary to control the reaction temperature through a variety of heat removal methods.
[0003] Take the shell-and-tube reactor as an example. The shell-and-tube reactor refers to a reactor that conducts chemical reactions in tubes. The heat carrier is used to remove or supply heat through the tube wall. The structure is similar to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The catalyst is evenly loaded in the tubes, and the heat carrier is passed between the tubes. In order to enhance the heat transfer effect and continuously supply or take away the reaction heat, the heat carrier must be circulated. Different circulation methods are used according to different heat carriers, such as internal circulation and external circulation.
[0004] At present, catalysts are usually loaded into the tubes of a tube-in-tube reactor. However, since solid catalysts may swell, the catalysts loaded into the tubes are prone to breakage, thereby reducing the service life and reaction efficiency of the catalysts. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem in the prior art that catalysts are easily broken when loading catalysts into the tubes of a tube-in-tube reactor, and to provide a tube-in-tube reactor having a catalyst bed arranged in a shell, so as to provide sufficient space for the catalyst to swell and make the catalyst particles not easily broken.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a shell-and-tube reactor on one hand, wherein the shell-and-tube reactor comprises:
[0007] A housing, wherein the housing is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet for respectively allowing materials to enter and exit;
[0008] A heat exchange mechanism, wherein the heat exchange mechanism is disposed in the shell, the heat exchange mechanism comprises a plurality of tubes, the tubes extend along the axial direction of the shell, and the tubes are provided with a heat exchange inlet and a heat exchange outlet for respectively allowing heat exchange medium to enter and exit; and
[0009] A catalyst bed, wherein the catalyst bed is arranged in the shell, and the catalyst bed is arranged between the material inlet and the material outlet, wherein: the heat exchange mechanism is arranged in the catalyst bed.
[0010] The above technical solution arranges the catalyst bed in the shell, that is, arranges the catalyst bed in the shell layer, so as to provide sufficient space for the catalyst particles when the catalyst particles swell due to heat, making the catalyst particles not easy to break, thereby basically not affecting the service life and reaction efficiency of the catalyst particles.
[0011] Preferably, the tube array includes an outer tube and an inner tube disposed inside the outer tube, and both the outer tube and the inner tube extend along the axial direction of the shell; wherein:
[0012] One end of the outer tube is closed, the other end of the outer tube is open, both ends of the inner tube are open, and a flow gap for heat exchange medium to pass through is formed between the outer tube and the inner tube.
[0013] Preferably, the shell-and-tube reactor comprises an outer tube sheet mounted on the shell, the outer tube sheet having an outer tube assembly portion located inside the shell, the outer tube assembly portion being provided with a plurality of outer tube holes, and a plurality of outer tubes are respectively assembled in corresponding outer tube holes.
[0014] Preferably, in the direction of material flow, the material inlet is arranged upstream of the material outlet, and the outer tube sheet is arranged downstream of the material outlet.
[0015] Preferably, a notch is provided at the closed end of the inner tube facing the outer tube; and / or
[0016] The tube array includes a connector supported between the outer tube and the inner tube.
[0017] Preferably, the inner tube extends beyond the outer tube;
[0018] The shell-and-tube reactor comprises an inner tube sheet mounted on the shell, wherein the inner tube sheet has an inner tube mounting portion located in the shell, the inner tube mounting portion is provided with a plurality of inner tube holes, and a plurality of inner tubes are respectively mounted in corresponding inner tube holes.
[0019] Preferably, the catalyst bed comprises a catalyst support plate and a catalyst bed body loaded on the catalyst support plate, wherein: the catalyst support plate is provided with support plate holes for materials to pass through, and the aperture of the support plate holes is set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles.
[0020] Preferably, in the direction of material flow, the catalyst bed comprises a first filter screen arranged downstream of the material inlet, the first filter screen having a first mesh, the aperture of the first mesh being set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles; and / or
[0021] The opening rate of the catalyst support plate is 10%-30%.
[0022] Preferably, the catalyst bed comprises a stopper disposed above the catalyst bed body, and the stopper comprises a baffle disposed between the catalyst bed body and the material outlet;
[0023] The baffle is provided with tube through holes for the tubes to pass through, and the baffle is provided with material through holes for the materials to pass through.
[0024] Preferably, in the direction of the material flow, the stopper comprises a second filter screen arranged upstream of the material outlet, the second filter screen is arranged in contact with the baffle, the second filter screen has a second mesh, and the aperture of the second mesh is set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles; or
[0025] The aperture of the material through hole of the baffle is set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles.
[0026] Preferably, the opening rate of the baffle is 30%-50%.
[0027] Preferably, the shell-and-tube reactor includes a material distributor arranged below the catalyst bed, the material distributor includes a main pipe inserted in the material inlet for material entry and a plurality of distribution pipes distributed along the axial direction of the main pipe, the distribution pipe is connected to the main pipe, and the distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of material distribution holes distributed along the axial direction of the distribution pipe.
[0028] Preferably, the shell-and-tube reactor comprises an inclined tube arranged at the material outlet, the inclined tube is arranged outside the shell, and along the flow direction of the material, the axis of the inclined tube gradually moves away from the axis of the shell.
[0029] Preferably, the shell includes a shell body with open ends and a pair of heads, which respectively close the corresponding ports of the shell body. The shell body includes a plurality of shell segments arranged along the axial direction of the shell, and the plurality of shell segments can be assembled together to form the shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a shell-and-tube reactor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the top view of the material distributor of the shell-and-tube reactor shown in FIG.
[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the tubes of the tube-in-tube reactor shown in FIG.
[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the transverse cross-sectional structure of the tubes of the tube-in-tube reactor shown in FIG.
[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A top view of the tube array shown in FIG.
[0035] Description of Reference Numerals
[0036] 10-tube reactor; 12-shell; 120-shell body; 121-shell section; 122-head; 13-outer tube sheet; 14-tube; 140-outer tube; 141-notch; 142-inner tube; 143-connector; 144-flow gap; 15-inner tube sheet; 160-catalyst support plate; 170-inclined tube; 172-straight tube; 174-catalyst feed pipe; 176-heat exchange medium inlet pipe; 178-heat exchange medium outlet pipe; 18-baffle; 19-material distributor; 190-main pipe; 192-distribution pipe; 194-distribution hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, directional words such as "up, down, left, right" are generally understood in combination with the directions shown in the drawings and actual applications, and "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside of the outline of the component.
[0038] The present invention provides a shell-and-tube reactor, and the shell-and-tube reactor 10 includes a shell 12, a heat exchange mechanism, and a catalyst bed. The shell 12 is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet for materials to enter and exit respectively. The material inlet can be arranged below the material outlet, the material inlet can be arranged at the bottom of the shell 12, and the material outlet can be arranged at the shell body of the shell 12; the heat exchange mechanism is arranged in the shell 12, and the heat exchange mechanism includes a plurality of shells and tubes 14. The plurality of shells and tubes 14 can be arranged in a triangular shape or a square shape. The shells and tubes 14 extend along the axial direction of the shell 12. The shells and tubes 14 are provided with a heat exchange inlet and a heat exchange outlet for heat exchange medium to enter and exit respectively. Heat exchange medium such as water can enter from the heat exchange inlet and then be discharged from the heat exchange outlet. The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the heat released by the reaction during the flow of the heat exchange medium in the shells and tubes 14, thereby removing the heat released by the reaction. In order to facilitate the entry and exit of the heat exchange medium, a heat exchanger can be provided in the shell. A heat exchange medium inlet pipe 176 in fluid communication with the heat exchange inlet is inserted on the shell 12, and a heat exchange medium outlet pipe 178 in fluid communication with the heat exchange outlet can also be inserted on the shell 12. The heat exchange medium inlet pipe 176 can be inserted in the shell body of the shell 12, and the heat exchange medium outlet pipe 178 can be inserted at the top of the shell 12; the catalyst bed is arranged in the shell 12, and the catalyst bed is arranged between the material inlet and the material outlet. The reaction material enters the shell 12 from the material inlet and passes through the catalyst bed. Under the catalytic action of the catalyst particles in the catalyst bed, the reaction material reacts, and the material obtained after the reaction can be discharged from the material outlet. It should be noted that the required catalyst type can be filled in the catalyst bed according to actual needs. For example, the catalyst can be a solid acid catalyst such as amberlyst15. The heat exchange mechanism is inserted in the catalyst bed, that is, a plurality of tubes 14 can be inserted in the catalyst bed to achieve the purpose of removing heat from the catalyst bed. By arranging the catalyst bed in the shell 12, that is, arranging the catalyst bed in the shell layer, sufficient space can be provided for the catalyst particles when the catalyst particles swell due to heat, so that the catalyst particles are not easily broken, thereby basically not affecting the service life and reaction efficiency of the catalyst particles.
[0039] In order to facilitate the loading of catalyst particles, a catalyst inlet for the catalyst to enter can be provided in the shell body of the shell 12. In addition, a catalyst feed pipe 174 can be provided at the catalyst inlet. The catalyst feed pipe 174 can be provided at an angle. In the direction of material flow, the axis of the catalyst feed pipe 174 can gradually move away from the axis of the shell 12 to facilitate the entry of catalyst particles. The catalyst inlet can be provided below the material outlet.
[0040] At the material outlet, a discharge pipe for discharging the material may be provided, and the structure of the discharge pipe is not subject to specific restrictions, such as Figure 1As shown in , an inclined tube 170 can be provided at the material outlet, and the inclined tube 170 can allow the material to be discharged. The inclined tube 170 can be located outside the shell 12, and along the flow direction of the material, the axis of the inclined tube 170 gradually moves away from the axis of the shell 12. By providing the inclined tube 170, the material obtained by the reaction can be discharged in time, and the catalyst particles carried by the material can also be properly blocked. In addition, a straight tube 172 can be provided at one end of the inclined tube 170 away from the material outlet, and the straight tube 172 can extend along the axis of the shell 12. Through the mutual cooperation relationship between the inclined tube 170 and the straight tube 172, the catalyst particles carried by the material can be further prevented from being easily discharged.
[0041] In order to enhance the heat exchange efficiency, the tubes 14 can be arranged in a jacket structure. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown in , the tube array 14 may include an outer tube 140 and an inner tube 142 disposed in the outer tube 140, and both the outer tube 140 and the inner tube 142 extend along the axial direction of the shell 12; wherein: one end of the outer tube 140 may be set to be closed, and the other end of the outer tube 140 may be set to be open. When the tube array 14 is set in the shell 12, the closed end of the outer tube 140 may be lower than the open end of the outer tube 140, and both ends of the inner tube 142 may be formed to be open, and a flow gap 144 for the heat exchange medium to pass through may be formed between the outer tube 140 and the inner tube 142. When the heat exchange medium enters the inner tube 142 from the heat exchange medium inlet pipe 176, it flows through the bottom end of the inner tube 142 and enters the flow gap 144, and then is discharged from the open end of the outer tube 140. The heat exchange medium is baffled through the tube array 14, and there is no dead zone in the heat exchange, thereby enhancing the heat exchange effect.
[0042] like Figure 4 As shown in , a notch 141 may be provided at the closed end of the inner tube 142 facing the outer tube 140. Specifically, the notch 141 may be provided at the bottom end of the inner tube 142. In this way, the passage of the heat exchange medium can be ensured, and the heat exchange medium can pass through even if the inner tube 142 contacts the outer tube 140. In order to further allow the heat exchange medium to pass smoothly, a plurality of notches 141 may be provided at the bottom end of the inner tube 142. The plurality of notches 141 may be provided at intervals along the circumference of the inner tube 142.
[0043] In order to make the structure of the tube array 14 more stable, Figure 5 As shown in , a connector 143 supporting the outer tube 140 and the inner tube 142 may be provided between the outer tube 140 and the inner tube 142. In addition, in order to further improve the structural stability of the tube array 14, a plurality of connectors 143 may be provided, and the plurality of connectors 143 may be provided at intervals along the circumference of the inner tube 142.
[0044] like Figure 1As shown in , an outer tube sheet 13 can be provided, and the outer tube sheet 13 can be assembled on the shell 12. The outer tube sheet 13 has an outer tube assembly portion located in the shell 12, and the outer tube assembly portion can extend along the radial direction of the shell 12. At the same time, a plurality of outer tube holes can be provided on the outer tube assembly portion, and a plurality of outer tubes 140 can be respectively assembled in the corresponding outer tube holes, wherein the opening rate on the outer tube sheet 13 can be 5-50%. The plurality of outer tubes 140 of the plurality of tubes 14 can be assembled and fixed by the outer tube sheet 13, so that the structure of the heat exchange mechanism assembled in the shell 12 can be more stable. The outer tube sheet 13 can be inserted into the shell 12, so that the outer tube sheet 13 can divide the space in the shell 12 into two parts.
[0045] In the direction of material flow, the material inlet can be arranged upstream of the material outlet, and the outer tube sheet 13 can be arranged downstream of the material outlet. The outer tube sheet 13 will basically not affect the discharge of the material obtained by the reaction.
[0046] The inner tube 142 can extend beyond the outer tube 140, and the inner tube sheet 15 can be assembled on the shell 12. The inner tube sheet 15 can have an inner tube assembly portion located in the shell 12. The inner tube assembly portion can extend in the radial direction of the shell 12. A plurality of inner tube holes can be provided on the inner tube assembly portion, and a plurality of inner tubes 142 can be assembled in the corresponding inner tube holes respectively. Among them, the opening rate on the inner tube sheet 15 can be 5-50%. The inner tube sheet 15 can be used to assemble and fix a plurality of inner tubes 14 of a plurality of tube arrays 14, so that the structure of the heat exchange mechanism assembled in the shell 12 can be more stable. The inner tube sheet 15 can be inserted into the shell 12, so that the inner tube sheet 15 can divide the space in the shell 12 into two parts. It should be noted that since the inner tube 142 can extend beyond the outer tube 140, the inner tube assembly portion can be located downstream of the outer tube assembly portion in the flow direction of the material.
[0047] The catalyst bed may include a catalyst support plate 160 and a catalyst bed body loaded on the catalyst support plate 160. It can be understood that in the direction of material flow, the catalyst support plate 160 can be arranged downstream of the material inlet, and the catalyst bed body is formed by the accumulation of granular catalysts, wherein: the catalyst support plate 160 can be provided with support plate holes for material to pass through, and the aperture of the support plate holes can be set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles. In this way, the catalyst support plate 160 can not only support the catalyst bed body, but also allow the material to pass smoothly.
[0048] In the direction of material flow, a first filter screen may be arranged downstream of the material inlet, the first filter screen having a first mesh hole, the aperture of which may be set smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles, so that the catalyst particles are not easy to pass through the first filter screen, but the first filter screen can ensure smooth passage of the material. The first filter screen may be attached to the catalyst support plate 160.
[0049] A plurality of support plate holes may be provided on the catalyst support plate 160, and the plurality of support plate holes may be evenly distributed on the catalyst support plate 160, so that the material can pass more smoothly. The opening rate of the catalyst support plate 160 may be set to 10%-30%, that is, the total area of the holes on the catalyst support plate 160 may account for 10%-30% of the total area of the catalyst support plate 160.
[0050] The catalyst bed may include a stopper disposed above the catalyst bed body, and the stopper may include a baffle 18 disposed between the catalyst bed body and the material outlet, and the baffle 18 may be provided with a tube through hole for the tube array 14 to pass through, and a material through hole for the material to pass through may be provided on the baffle 18, and the baffle 18 not only ensures the smooth passage of the material, but also ensures the normal assembly of the tube array 14. In addition, the baffle 18 may also block the catalyst particles carried in the material. It should be noted that the catalyst inlet may be disposed below the baffle 18.
[0051] The aperture of the material through hole of the baffle 18 can be set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles, so that the baffle 18 not only ensures the smooth passage of the material, but also better blocks the catalyst particles. A plurality of material through holes can be set on the baffle 18, and the plurality of material through holes can be evenly distributed on the baffle 18 to facilitate the smooth passage of the material. The opening rate of the baffle 18 can be set to 30%-50%, that is, the total area of the material through holes opened on the baffle 18 accounts for 30%-50% of the total area of the entire baffle 18.
[0052] In the direction of material flow, the stopper may include a second filter screen disposed upstream of the material outlet, the second filter screen having second mesh holes, the aperture of the second mesh holes may be set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles, the second filter screen may be disposed in close contact with the baffle 18, and the second filter screen may further block the catalyst particles carried by the material. It is understandable that the second filter screen has a plurality of second mesh holes, and the plurality of second mesh holes may be evenly distributed on the second filter screen.
[0053] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , a material distributor 19 can be provided below the catalyst bed, and the material distributor 19 can make the material evenly distributed in the catalyst bed. The material can enter the material distributor 19 from outside the housing 12 and be distributed by the material distributor 19, thereby evenly distributing the material.
[0054] The material distributor 19 may include a main pipe 190 inserted at the material inlet for material entry and a plurality of distribution pipes 192 distributed along the axial direction of the main pipe 190. The distribution pipe 192 may be connected to the main pipe 190. A plurality of distribution holes 194 distributed along the axial direction of the distribution pipe 192 may be provided on the distribution pipe 192, wherein the plurality of distribution holes 194 of the same distribution pipe 192 may be evenly distributed. It should be noted that one end of the main pipe 190 located in the housing 12 may be formed as a closed end, and furthermore, both ends of the distribution pipe 192 may be formed as closed ends. The opening rate on the material distributor 19 may be 10%-45%, that is, the total area of the distribution holes 194 accounts for 10%-45% of the area of the entire material distributor 19.
[0055] The shell 12 includes a shell body 120 with both ends being open and a pair of heads 122, the pair of heads 122 can respectively seal the corresponding ports of the shell body 120, the shell body 120 can include a plurality of shell segments 120 arranged along the axial direction of the shell 12, and the plurality of shell segments 120 can be assembled together to form the shell 12. By arranging the shell 12 into a plurality of parts that can be assembled together, the installation of the shell 12 is facilitated.
[0056] The pair of end caps 122 may include a first end cap and a second end cap. In the direction of material flow, the first end cap may be disposed downstream of the second end cap. Figure 1 From the orientation shown in FIG. 1 , the first end cap may be arranged above the second end cap, the shell body 120 may include a first shell segment and a second shell segment arranged along the axial direction of the shell 12, and the first shell segment may be arranged downstream of the second shell segment in the direction of material flow. Figure 1 In the orientation shown in , the first housing segment can be arranged above the second housing segment.
[0057] According to the foregoing content, when the outer tube sheet 13, the inner tube sheet 15 and the catalyst support plate 160 are assembled on the shell 12, the inner tube sheet 15 can be arranged between the first head and the first shell section, the outer tube sheet 13 can be arranged between the first shell section and the second shell section, and the catalyst support plate 160 can be arranged between the second shell section and the second head.
[0058] Example
[0059] exist Figure 1In the provided shell-and-tube reactor 10, a material inlet and a material outlet for respectively feeding and exiting materials are provided on the shell 12, the material inlet is provided at the bottom of the shell 12, and the material outlet is provided at the shell body of the shell 12; a plurality of shells and tubes 14 are provided in the shell 12, the shells and tubes 14 extend along the axial direction of the shell 12, the shells and tubes 14 include an outer tube 140 and an inner tube 142 provided in the outer tube 140, and the outer tube 140 and the inner tube 142 both extend along the axial direction of the shell 12; an outer tube sheet 13 is assembled on the shell 12, the outer tube sheet 13 has an outer tube assembly portion located in the shell 12, a plurality of outer tube holes are provided on the outer tube assembly portion, and the plurality of outer tubes 140 can be respectively assembled in the corresponding outer tube holes; the inner tube 142 can extend beyond the outer tube 140, and the inner tube 142 can extend beyond the outer tube 140, a plurality of inner tube holes are arranged on the inner tube assembly part, and the plurality of inner tubes 142 can be respectively assembled in the corresponding inner tube holes; the catalyst bed is arranged in the shell 12, and the plurality of array tubes 14 are penetrated in the catalyst bed; a baffle 18 between the catalyst bed body and the material outlet can be provided with array tube holes for the array tubes 14 to pass through on the baffle 18, and a material through hole for the material to pass through can be provided on the baffle 18; a material distributor 19 is arranged below the catalyst bed, and the material distributor 19 includes a main pipe 190 inserted in the material inlet and for the material to enter, and a plurality of distribution pipes 192 distributed along the axial direction of the main pipe 190, the distribution pipe 192 can be connected with the main pipe 190, and a plurality of material distribution holes 194 distributed along the axial direction of the distribution pipe 192 can be opened on the distribution pipe 192.
[0060] use Figure 1 The provided shell-and-tube reactor 10 is used for preparing phenol and cyclohexanone from cyclohexylbenzene peroxide. Amberlyst 15 ion exchange resin catalyst (CAS No.: 9037-24-5) is loaded therein, and the reaction pressure is 0.005-0.1 MPa. The reaction raw materials are cyclohexylbenzene peroxide and cyclohexylbenzene, wherein the concentration of cyclohexylbenzene peroxide is 25wt%, and the volume space velocity of cyclohexylbenzene peroxide is 0.3-0.65h -1 The temperature of the catalyst bed was controlled at 50-70°C, and the radial temperature difference was 1-3°C. After testing, the cyclohexylbenzene peroxide conversion rate was 99.9wt%, the phenol selectivity was 93.1%, the cyclohexanone selectivity was 82.3%, and the catalyst was intact with almost no breakage.
[0061] Comparative Example
[0062] Comparative Example 1
[0063] The method is basically the same as Example 1, except that the catalyst is loaded in the tube array 14. After testing, the cyclohexylbenzene peroxide conversion rate is 99.8wt%, the phenol selectivity is 90.3%, the cyclohexanone selectivity is 78.4%, and the catalyst is broken.
[0064] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various specific technical features in any suitable manner. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations. However, these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A tubular reactor, characterized in that: The shell-and-tube reactor (10) comprises: A housing (12), wherein the housing (12) is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet for respectively allowing materials to enter and exit; a heat exchange mechanism, the heat exchange mechanism being arranged in the shell (12), the heat exchange mechanism comprising a plurality of tubes (14), the tubes (14) extending in the axial direction of the shell (12), the tubes (14) being provided with a heat exchange inlet and a heat exchange outlet for respectively allowing heat exchange medium to enter and exit; and A catalyst bed, wherein the catalyst bed is arranged in the shell (12), and the catalyst bed is arranged between the material inlet and the material outlet, wherein the heat exchange mechanism is arranged in the catalyst bed.
2. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tube array (14) comprises an outer tube (140) and an inner tube (142) disposed inside the outer tube (140), wherein both the outer tube (140) and the inner tube (142) extend in the axial direction of the shell (12); wherein: One end of the outer tube (140) is configured to be closed, and the other end of the outer tube (140) is configured to be open. Both ends of the inner tube (142) are formed in an open state, and a flow gap (144) for heat exchange medium to pass through is formed between the outer tube (140) and the inner tube (142).
3. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shell-and-tube reactor (10) comprises an outer tube sheet (13) mounted on the shell (12), wherein the outer tube sheet (13) has an outer tube mounting portion located inside the shell (12), wherein the outer tube mounting portion is provided with a plurality of outer tube holes, and the plurality of outer tubes (140) are respectively mounted in corresponding outer tube holes.
4. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the direction of material flow, the material inlet is arranged upstream of the material outlet, and the outer tube sheet (13) is arranged downstream of the material outlet.
5. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A notch (141) is provided at the closed end of the inner tube (142) facing the outer tube (140); and / or The tube array (14) includes a connecting body (143) supported between the outer tube (140) and the inner tube (142).
6. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner tube (142) extends beyond the outer tube (140); The shell-and-tube reactor (10) comprises an inner tube sheet (15) mounted on the shell (12), wherein the inner tube sheet (15) has an inner tube mounting portion located inside the shell (12), wherein the inner tube mounting portion is provided with a plurality of inner tube holes, and the plurality of inner tubes (142) are respectively mounted in corresponding inner tube holes.
7. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst bed comprises a catalyst support plate (160) and a catalyst bed body loaded on the catalyst support plate (160), wherein the catalyst support plate (160) is provided with support plate holes for materials to pass through, and the aperture of the support plate holes is set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles.
8. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the direction of material flow, the catalyst bed comprises a first filter screen arranged downstream of the material inlet, the first filter screen having a first mesh, the aperture of the first mesh being set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles; and / or The opening rate of the catalyst support plate (160) is 10%-30%.
9. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The catalyst bed comprises a stopper arranged above the catalyst bed body, and the stopper comprises a baffle (18) arranged between the catalyst bed body and the material outlet; The baffle (18) is provided with tube through holes for the tubes (14) to pass through, and the baffle (18) is provided with material through holes for materials to pass through.
10. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the direction of the material flow, the stopper comprises a second filter screen arranged upstream of the material outlet, the second filter screen is arranged in close contact with the baffle (18), the second filter screen has a second mesh hole, and the aperture of the second mesh hole is set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles; or The aperture of the material through hole of the baffle (18) is set to be smaller than the particle size of the catalyst particles.
11. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The opening rate of the baffle (18) is 30%-50%.
12. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell-and-tube reactor (10) includes a material distributor (19) arranged below the catalyst bed, the material distributor (19) including a main pipe (190) inserted into the material inlet for material entry and a plurality of distribution pipes (192) distributed along the axial direction of the main pipe (190), the distribution pipe (192) being connected to the main pipe (190), and the distribution pipe (192) is provided with a plurality of material distribution holes (194) distributed along the axial direction of the distribution pipe (192).
13. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell-and-tube reactor (10) comprises an inclined tube (170) arranged at the material outlet, wherein the inclined tube (170) is arranged outside the shell (12), and along the flow direction of the material, the axis of the inclined tube (170) gradually moves away from the axis of the shell (12).
14. The shell-and-tube reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The shell (12) comprises a shell body (120) with both ends being open and a pair of heads (122), wherein the pair of heads (122) respectively seal corresponding ports of the shell body (120), and the shell body (120) comprises a plurality of shell segments (120) arranged along the axial direction of the shell (12), and the plurality of shell segments (120) can be assembled together to form the shell (12).