Underwater Subgrade Spiral Scraper Leveling System and Leveling Method

Abstract

This application provides an underwater foundation bed spiral scraper leveling system, including an underwater leveling frame. The underwater leveling frame includes a base frame, and a movable frame is provided along the length of the base frame. The lower end of the movable frame is provided with a rotatable scraper spiral with opposite spiral connections to level the gravel in the base frame. It also includes a lifting frame installed on a support vessel on the water. The lifting frame is provided with a hook that can move up and down, and a lifting rope is provided on the hook. The lower end of the lifting rope is connected to the underwater leveling frame, which solves the problem of automated leveling of underwater foundation beds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater subgrade leveling, and in particular to an underwater subgrade spiral scraper leveling system and its leveling method. Background Technology

[0002] The laying and leveling of underwater foundation stones is a crucial step in the construction of breakwaters, bridges, and underwater tunnels. To ensure that the top elevation of the foundation meets design requirements and facilitates the stable installation of precast components (such as large caisson foundations and immersed tunnel sections), the top surface of the foundation must be leveled according to design specifications. The leveling accuracy of the foundation directly affects the final installation accuracy of the precast components.

[0003] Based on the type of leveling equipment, underwater leveling methods can be classified into manual leveling, long-arm excavator leveling, and professional leveling vessel or jack-up platform leveling. Manual leveling typically involves laying steel rails underwater, then divers use the rails to position the surface and use scrapers or manual handling to level the base. Long-arm excavator leveling involves installing an excavator bucket on a vessel to scrape and level underwater gravel. Professional leveling vessel or jack-up platform leveling typically involves suspending a leveling frame below a vessel or platform with a moonpool. A specialized placing boom is installed on the frame, with a scraper at the front. The scraper removes gravel above the target elevation, while gravel below the target elevation is filled in through the placing boom.

[0004] Generally, manual leveling is only suitable for shallow waters, and since it relies entirely on manual labor, it is less efficient than the latter two methods, but has a cost advantage. Similarly, as water depth increases, the boom length required for long-arm excavators to level becomes increasingly limited, making this method only suitable for shallow water. Furthermore, because all controls are on board, its leveling accuracy is lower, and it is generally used in the rough leveling stage. Specialized jack-up platforms or leveling vessels further adapt to deep-water operating conditions, and can currently level underwater foundations in water depths up to 50 meters. They also offer advantages such as high accuracy and efficiency, but their operating costs are significantly higher than the former two methods.

[0005] Traditional scraping methods cause excess gravel to accumulate in front of the scraper blade, leading to a continuous increase in leveling resistance. Therefore, the scraper blade's thrust is typically designed to be as large as possible to cope with this increasing resistance. This also limits the depth of a single pass during scraping. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides an underwater subgrade spiral scraper leveling system and its leveling method, which solves the problem of automated leveling of underwater subgrades.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an underwater bed spiral scraper leveling system, including an underwater leveling frame, the underwater leveling frame including a base frame, the base frame having a movable frame along the length direction, and a rotatable scraper spiral at the lower end of the movable frame to level the gravel in the base frame.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a lifting frame is also provided on a support vessel on the water. The lifting frame is equipped with a hook that can move up and down, and a lifting rope is provided on the hook. The lower end of the lifting rope is connected to an underwater leveling frame.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, the underwater leveling frame is equipped with a lateral inclinometer and a longitudinal inclinometer. The foundation frame is a rectangular structure, and the foundation frame has hydraulic outriggers that can extend and retract vertically at at least four corners. The lower end of the hydraulic outriggers is equipped with universal feet. The foundation frame is connected to an upward-standing truss measuring tower, and the top of the truss measuring tower is equipped with an RTK altimeter.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the scraper auger includes a rotating shaft, and a first auger blade and a second auger blade arranged side by side on the outer side of the rotating shaft, with the first auger blade and the second auger blade rotating in opposite directions.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, the mobile frame is provided with a widening frame at both ends, and each end of the widening frame is provided with a rotatable first traveling wheel on its lower side. The first traveling wheel rolls against the upper surface of the base frame. The side of the base frame is provided with a chain linear guide structure, and the mobile frame is also provided with a rotatable sprocket, which meshes with the chain linear guide structure.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment, multiple temporary piles are arranged on the seabed, with at least two rows of temporary piles. Each row is equipped with a base rail frame, and each base rail frame is equipped with a movable beam that can move along the length of the base rail frame. Each movable beam is equipped with a traction winch at both ends. The traction cable of each traction winch extends to the side close to the underwater leveling frame and connects to the four corners of the foundation frame. The extension direction of the traction cable is perpendicular to the length direction of the base rail frame. Multiple inflatable airbags are connected to the outside of the foundation frame.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, the upper end of the temporary pile is provided with a height-adjustable seat, and the upper end of the height-adjustable seat is provided with a locking seat, and the base rail frame is slidably connected to the locking seat.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the upper end of the height adjustment seat is provided with a U-shaped groove, and each side wall of the U-shaped groove is provided with a threaded first push rod. One end of the first push rod abuts against the side wall of the locking seat. The locking seat is provided with a C-shaped locking slot space. The lower end of the base rail frame is located in the locking slot space. The side walls of the locking slot space are provided with threaded second push rods, and the ends of the second push rods abut against the lower side wall of the base rail frame.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the movable beam is provided with a liftable platform, and the liftable platform is provided with rotatable guide wheels, which abut against the traction cable.

[0016] In the preferred scheme,

[0017] The surface support vessel was positioned, and the underwater leveling frame was lowered and leveled.

[0018] Crushed stone is transported from the surface support vessel to the bed surface to be leveled via a crushed stone conveying pipe. The underwater leveling frame is then activated to begin the leveling operation.

[0019] After the area leveling is completed, the quality of the crushed stone bed leveling is tested by acoustic measurement equipment on the support vessel, and the depressions below the target elevation are filled with additional material.

[0020] The underwater leveling frame will be moved to the next construction area to begin the next round of leveling work.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the spiral-scraper leveling frame is designed for independent operation, requiring no rigid connection to the supporting vessel, resulting in a simple structure and significantly reduced leveling costs; compared to manual labor, it can accurately self-position and level, efficiently paving and scraping, greatly improving leveling efficiency and accuracy; the scraper spiral adopts a mirrored double spiral structure, preventing gravel from piling up to one side; in terms of construction technology, temporary piles are used to install a mobile base rail frame, enabling rapid construction across small and large strip areas without the need for vessels on the water; through parallel double traction cables and airbags, the leveling frame can be moved while limiting its suspended sway, improving the efficiency of construction position relocation and increasing the accuracy of construction position repositioning. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a temporary pile layout diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support vessel and leveling frame of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling frame of the present invention from below.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling frame in operation according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling frame of the present invention moving across a large area.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a construction diagram of the leveling frame according to its depth.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a front view of the leveling frame.

[0030] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the leveling frame being placed on the ground.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the leveling frame being raised.

[0032] Figure 10 This is an enlarged view of the mobile frame's walking structure.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a top view of the leveling frame.

[0034] Figure 12 This is an enlarged view of the moving frame drive structure.

[0035] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of the temporary pile location.

[0036] Figure 14 This is a diagram of the temporary pile lifting and moving mechanism.

[0037] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary pile height adjustment and lateral adjustment structure.

[0038] Figure 16 It is a resistance curve obtained by measuring different screw speeds and scraper forward speeds.

[0039] Figure 17 These are contour maps of the base bed surface before leveling under various working conditions.

[0040] Figure 18 These are contour maps of the base bed surface after two passes and leveling under various working conditions.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Surface support vessel; 2. Lifting frame; 201. Hook; 202. Lifting rope; 203. Winch; 3. Underwater leveling frame; 301. Lateral inclinometer; 302. Truss measuring tower; 303. RTK altimeter; 304. Foundation frame; 4. Hydraulic outriggers; 401. Universal foot; 402. Inflatable airbag; 403. Air hose; 404. Mobile frame; 5. First traveling wheel; 501. Sprocket; 502. Chain linear guide structure; 503. Limit wheel; 504. First traveling motor; 505. Widening frame; 506. Scraper auger; 6. Rotating shaft; 601. First screw... 602; second spiral blade; 603; scraper drive motor; 605; deceleration and torque increase mechanism; 7; height adjustment seat; 702; screw; 703; U-shaped groove; 704; first push rod; 705; slot space; 706; second push rod; 707; base rail frame; 8; traveling track; 801; rack; 802; second traveling motor; 803; gear; 804; moving beam; 9; traction winch; 901; traction cable; 902; guide wheel; 903; lifting cylinder; second traveling wheel; 905; lifting platform; 10; crushed stone conveying pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] like Figure 1-15 In the present invention, an underwater bed spiral scraper leveling system includes an underwater leveling frame 3, the underwater leveling frame 3 includes a base frame 4, the base frame 4 is provided with a movable frame 5 along the length direction, and the lower end of the movable frame 5 is provided with a rotatable scraper spiral 6 to level the gravel in the base frame 4.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a launching frame 2 mounted on a water support vessel 1. The launching frame 2 is equipped with a hook 201 that can move up and down, and a lifting rope 202 is mounted on the hook 201. The lower end of the lifting rope 202 is connected to an underwater leveling frame 3.

[0045] The lifting frame 2 is a frame structure similar to a parallelogram, with one corner extending outward to support the edge of the waterborne vessel 1.

[0046] The water support vessel 1 is equipped with a winch 203 and a pulley mechanism on the lifting frame 2. The traction rope of the winch 203 is connected to the hook 201 through the pulley mechanism on the lifting frame 2. The hook 201 is lowered and the underwater leveling frame 3 is placed on the bottom of the water.

[0047] Next to the hook 201 of the hoisting frame 2, there is also an auxiliary hook that can be used to assist in hoisting the crushed stone conveying pipe 10.

[0048] In the preferred embodiment, the underwater leveling frame 3 is equipped with a transverse inclinometer 301 and a longitudinal inclinometer 302. The foundation frame 4 is a rectangular structure, and the foundation frame 4 is equipped with hydraulic outriggers 401 that can extend and retract vertically at at least four corners. The lower end of the hydraulic outriggers 401 is equipped with universal feet 402. The foundation frame 4 is connected to an upwardly erected truss measuring tower 303, and the top of the truss measuring tower 303 is equipped with an RTK altimeter 304.

[0049] The floating support vessel 1 is equipped with a flexible crushed stone conveying pipe 10. The lower end of the crushed stone conveying pipe 10 is connected to the underwater leveling frame 3 to convey crushed stone into the foundation frame 4.

[0050] The base frame 4 and the square frame welding frame are equipped with hydraulic outriggers 401 at the four corners of the frame structure. The cylinder body of the hydraulic outrigger 401 is embedded in the base frame 4, the telescopic cylinder rod faces downward, and the end of the telescopic cylinder rod is a ball joint structure and is hinged to the universal foot 402, so that the universal foot 402 can swing in a small range.

[0051] Under the monitoring of the RTK height measuring instrument 304, the lateral tilt meter 301 can be guided to extend to the set length so that the base frame 4 reaches the predetermined height. The lateral tilt meter 301 and the longitudinal tilt meter 302 work together to guide the relative difference in the extension length of the four hydraulic outriggers 401, adjust the tilt angle of the base frame 4, and keep it level.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the scraper auger 6 includes a rotating shaft 601, and a first auger blade 602 and a second auger blade 603 arranged side by side on the outer side of the rotating shaft 601, with the first auger blade 602 and the second auger blade 603 rotating in opposite directions.

[0053] One end of the rotating shaft 601 is provided with a scraper drive motor 604 fixed to the lower end of the movable frame 5. The shaft end of the scraper drive motor 604 is provided with a speed reduction and torque increase mechanism 605 and is connected to the shaft end of the rotating shaft 601.

[0054] The first helical blade 602 and the second helical blade 603 are of similar length and rotate in opposite directions, which can prevent the stones from accumulating on one side and affecting the flatness.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the movable frame 5 is provided with a widening frame 506 at both ends, and each end of the widening frame 506 is provided with a rotatable first traveling wheel 501. The first traveling wheel 501 rolls against the upper surface of the base frame 4. The side of the base frame 4 is provided with a chain linear guide structure 503. The movable frame 5 is also provided with a rotatable sprocket 502, which meshes with the chain linear guide structure 503.

[0056] The mobile frame 5 is equipped with a first traveling motor 505, and the shaft end of the first traveling motor 505 is connected to the sprocket 502.

[0057] The inner side of the base frame 4 has a protruding structure along the length direction, and the lower end of the movable frame 5 is provided with a limiting wheel 504. The limiting wheel 504 rolls against the lower end of the protruding structure of the base frame 4 to prevent the movable frame 5 from coming off upward.

[0058] In the preferred embodiment, multiple temporary piles 7 are arranged on the seabed. The multiple temporary piles 7 are in at least two rows. Each row is equipped with a base rail frame 8. Each base rail frame 8 is equipped with a movable beam 9 that can move along the length of the base rail frame 8. Each movable beam 9 is equipped with a traction winch 901 at both ends. The traction cable 902 of each traction winch 901 extends to the side close to the underwater leveling frame 3 and connects to the four corners of the foundation frame 4. The extension direction of the traction cable 902 is perpendicular to the length direction of the base rail frame 8. Multiple inflatable airbags 403 are connected to the outside of the foundation frame 4.

[0059] The lower end of the movable beam 9 is provided with a rotatable second traveling wheel 905, and the base rail frame 8 is provided with a traveling track 801. The second traveling wheel 905 rolls against the traveling track 801. A second traveling motor 803 is provided on one side of the movable beam 9. A gear 804 is provided at the shaft end of the second traveling motor 803. A rack 802 is provided at the side end of the base rail frame 8. The gear 804 meshes with the rack 802.

[0060] The track frames 8 on the two adjacent temporary piles 7 are parallel, and the movable beams 9 on them are on both sides of the underwater leveling frame 3. A total of four traction winches 901 pull the underwater leveling frame 3.

[0061] The inflatable airbag 403 is fixed to the outer wall of the base frame 4 by a connector, and each inflatable airbag 403 is connected in series by a pipeline.

[0062] After the underwater leveling frame 3 is completed in a strip area, it needs to be moved to the next position. At this time, the inflation system on the surface support vessel 1 inflates the inflatable airbag 403 through the air pipe 404, which increases the volume of the inflatable airbag 403 and increases the buoyancy. It then supports the weight of the underwater leveling frame 3. The rope pulling point can be set higher than the underwater leveling frame 3. When the four traction cables 902 are tightened, the underwater leveling frame 3 can be pulled up so that the underwater leveling frame 3 is lifted off the bottom of the water. The traction winches 901 on the two moving beams 9 pull and rewind, while the other set unwinds and drives the underwater leveling frame 3 to the next position.

[0063] When moving in the opposite direction, the traction group and the winding group are swapped.

[0064] Once a strip area is completed, two adjacent movable beams 9 can move synchronously in one direction along the base rail frame 8 to pull the underwater leveling frame 3 to the next adjacent strip area for construction.

[0065] Another way is as follows Figure 6 Construction proceeded from low to high, prioritizing height.

[0066] In the preferred embodiment, the upper end of the temporary pile 7 is provided with a height-adjustable seat 701, and the upper end of the height-adjustable seat 701 is provided with a locking seat 702, and the base rail frame 8 is slidably connected to the locking seat 702.

[0067] Due to the elevation difference in the underwater foundation, the pile height will also vary during pile driving, necessitating the configuration of a height adjustment mechanism. The lower end of the height adjustment seat 701 is equipped with multiple screws 703. The lower ends of the screws 703 are threadedly connected to the upper flange of the temporary pile 7. The upper ends of the screws 703 pass through the through holes at the lower end of the height adjustment seat 701, and multiple threaded height adjustment nuts are fitted onto the upper ends of the screws 703 to adjust and lock the height of the height adjustment seat 701.

[0068] Each temporary pile 7 can be pre-installed with an adjustment seat 701 and a locking seat 702. After the construction of a large area is completed, the base rail frame 8 can be slid to the next position and locked in the locking seat 702 at the next position, so as to realize the rapid transfer of the construction position in a large area.

[0069] In the preferred embodiment, the upper end of the height adjustment seat 701 is provided with a U-shaped groove 704, and each of the two side walls of the U-shaped groove 704 is provided with a threaded first push rod 705. One end of the first push rod 705 abuts against the side wall of the locking seat 702. The locking seat 702 is provided with a C-shaped locking space 706. The lower end of the base rail frame 8 is located in the locking space 706. The two side walls of the locking space 706 are provided with threaded second push rods 707, and the ends of the second push rods 707 abut against the lower side wall of the base rail frame 8.

[0070] The lateral position of the locking seat 702 can be adjusted by rotating the two first push rods 705 to align with the base rail frame 8.

[0071] After a large area of ​​construction is completed, the second push rod 707 can be released, and the rail frame 8 can slide into the next clamping seat 702. Then, the second push rod 707 of the clamping seat 702 is clamped and fixed to the rail frame 8.

[0072] The width of the embedded structure at the lower end of the base rail frame 8 is smaller than the width of the slot space 706. There are at least four second push rods 707, located near the four corners. The orientation angle of the base rail frame 8 can be finely adjusted by adjusting the extension length of the four second push rods 707 to prevent the base rail frame 8 from misaligning with the other locking seat 702.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the movable beam 9 is provided with a liftable lifting platform 906, and the lifting platform 906 is provided with a rotatable guide wheel 903, which abuts against the traction cable 902.

[0074] A lifting cylinder 904 is installed on the moving beam 9. The cylinder rod end of the lifting cylinder 904 lifts the lifting platform 906. To prevent the cylinder rod from being subjected to excessive lateral force, the lifting platform 906 is also equipped with a guide rod, which is slidably connected to the moving beam 9.

[0075] The leveling plan is as follows:

[0076] Temporary piles 7 were pre-installed in the underwater construction area and arranged in a row-column pattern.

[0077] 1 water support vessel is in place;

[0078] Install height adjustment seat 701 and clamping seat 702 on each temporary pile 7, and install two base rail frames 8;

[0079] Adjust the levelness of the single rail frame 8 and the parallelism of the two rail frames 8;

[0080] Install the movable beam 9 and the traction winch 901 on the rail frame 8;

[0081] In the diagram: 1. Surface support vessel; 2. Lifting frame; 201. Hook; 202. Lifting rope; 203. Winch; 3. Underwater leveling frame; 301. Lateral inclinometer; 302. Truss measuring tower; 303. RTK altimeter; 304. Foundation frame; 4. Hydraulic outriggers; 401. Universal foot; 402. Inflatable airbag; 403. Air hose; 404. Mobile frame; 5. First traveling wheel; 501. Sprocket; 502. Chain linear guide structure; 503. Limit wheel; 504. First traveling motor; 505. Widening frame; 506. Scraper auger; 6. Rotating shaft; 601. First screw... 602; second spiral blade; 603; scraper drive motor; 605; deceleration and torque increase mechanism; 7; height adjustment seat; 702; screw; 703; U-shaped groove; 704; first push rod; 705; slot space; 706; second push rod; 707; base rail frame; 8; traveling track; 801; rack; 802; second traveling motor; 803; gear; 804; moving beam; 9; traction winch; 901; traction cable; 902; guide wheel; 903; lifting cylinder; second traveling wheel; 905; lifting platform; 10; crushed stone conveying pipe.

[0082] The original height of the underwater foundation was detected using acoustic measurement equipment on the water support vessel 1.

[0083] The underwater leveling frame 3 is lowered and the traction cable 902 is connected to the foundation frame 4;

[0084] Underwater leveling frame 3 leveling;

[0085] The crushed stone is transported from the water support vessel 1 to the base bed surface that needs to be leveled through the crushed stone conveying pipe 10. The underwater leveling frame 3 is activated to start the leveling operation of the strip area.

[0086] like Figure 6 The traction cable 902 and the two moving beams 9 work together to drive the underwater leveling frame 3 to the lowest position of the foundation bed, and then the second lowest area is constructed, and so on until the large area is completed.

[0087] After the large area is leveled, the quality of the crushed stone bed leveling is tested by acoustic measurement equipment on the water support vessel 1, and the depressions below the target elevation are filled with additional material.

[0088] The base rail frame 8 is slid onto the clamping seat 702 of the next large area, and the underwater leveling frame 3 is moved to the next large area to start the next round of leveling construction.

[0089] Example 2:

[0090] A barge-launched underwater leveling equipment based on spiral-scraper crushed stone bed leveling includes: a surface support vessel, a launching frame, lifting ropes, an underwater leveling frame, a hydraulic pump station, a winch, a spiral, a scraper, a truss-type measuring tower, the main frame of the leveling frame, hydraulic outriggers, rails, a launching frame traveling trolley, a trolley main hook, a trolley auxiliary hook, a pin-wheel and pin-tooth transmission mechanism for the leveling frame traveling trolley, limit wheels, guide wheels, a transverse inclinometer, a longitudinal inclinometer, and the bed to be leveled.

[0091] The prototype of the water support vessel is a barge of suitable specifications, which is equipped with a crushed stone storage and dumping area, an underwater leveling frame lifting frame, a leveling frame storage and maintenance area, various power stations and pipelines, providing a carrier for crushed stone dumping, power transmission, leveling frame operation support, maintenance and repair.

[0092] The lifting frame is a hoisting device that supports the barge's side layout. It is responsible for the overall movement of the leveling frame, including lifting, lowering, and lateral movement. It is slightly wider than the leveling frame.

[0093] The lifting ropes are responsible for connecting the leveling frame to the crane, supporting the ship, and bearing the forces exerted by the leveling frame and hydraulic hoses during lifting and lowering.

[0094] The underwater leveling frame is the core of this patent. It is responsible for underwater leveling work. The whole is a rectangular frame structure with measuring towers arranged at the two corners of the frame. The horizontal frame contains a spiral and scraper trolley, the longitudinal frame contains a track and a moving trolley, and the connection and limit between the horizontal and vertical equipment and the truss are arranged.

[0095] The hydraulic pump station is the power source of the hydraulic system, which converts mechanical energy into the pressure energy of hydraulic oil. By adjusting the direction, pressure and flow of the hydraulic oil, it controls the hydraulic drive motor of the oil cylinder, screw and scraper trolley to complete the target movement.

[0096] The winch is the part of the crane where the hoisting rope is wound. It controls the lifting and lowering of the leveling frame by winding in and out the wire rope.

[0097] The spiral is arranged symmetrically in the horizontal direction and is responsible for the main function of leveling, spreading the aggregated crushed stone horizontally in a spiral manner.

[0098] The scraper is positioned behind the spiral. After the spiral spreads the crushed stone, it scrapes down any remaining crushed stone that is higher than the leveling elevation and, to a certain extent, fills in depressions that are lower than the subgrade elevation.

[0099] Two truss-type measuring towers are respectively arranged at the two vertices of the leveling frame away from the rectangular frame supporting the vessel. An RTK positioning instrument is installed on the top of the tower to measure and calculate the planar position and elevation of the underwater leveling frame. When the leveling frame is underwater in the operating area, the top of the measuring tower is exposed above the water surface and is wirelessly connected to the base station in real time to measure and control the elevation of the leveling frame.

[0100] The main frame of the leveling frame is a rectangular hollow truss structure, which serves as the carrier for components such as the spiral-scraper track trolley and hydraulic outriggers.

[0101] The hydraulic outriggers support the leveling frame at the bottom of the water leveling area and are responsible for adjusting the elevation and tilt of the leveling frame to meet the target requirements.

[0102] The track is arranged along the long side of the rectangular frame of the leveling frame, serving as the travel path for the trolley, and the direction of the track is the same as the direction in which the spiral scraper travels.

[0103] The trolley traveling on the jacking frame is located on the track of the jacking frame crossbeam and can move along the direction of the jacking frame crossbeam. It is used to level the frame laterally and is responsible for moving it from the ship to the water surface and then back to the support deck of the ship.

[0104] The trolley's main hook is used for raising and lowering the leveling frame.

[0105] The trolley's auxiliary hook is used for the synchronous lifting and placement of pipelines such as hydraulic oil pipes on the leveling frame.

[0106] The leveling frame trolley is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the track, with a spiral-scraper leveling device connected in the middle, which is responsible for the movement of the spiral-scraper.

[0107] In the pin-wheel and pin-tooth transmission mechanism, the pin wheel is located at the bottom of the traveling trolley, and the pin tooth is located at the center of the track. The pin wheel and pin tooth meshing transmission provides the traveling mode of the traveling trolley.

[0108] The limiting wheel is located below the inner side of the gear and rack track, which restricts the vertical movement of the traveling trolley. During the leveling process, the accumulation of gravel in front of the scraper may cause the auger and scraper to be subjected to an upward lifting force. In order to avoid the auger and scraper being lifted up during the leveling process, causing the bottom elevation to deviate from the target elevation.

[0109] The guide wheels are located above the main frame track of the leveling frame, assisting and guiding the movement of the trolley on the track.

[0110] The lateral tilt meter is located at the midpoint of the short side of the rectangular frame of the leveling frame, and measures and controls the lateral tilt angle of the leveling frame underwater.

[0111] The longitudinal tilt meter is located at the midpoint of the long side of the rectangular frame of the leveling frame, and measures and controls the longitudinal tilt angle of the leveling frame underwater.

[0112] The base bed that needs to be leveled is the base bed area after the leveling frame has reached the designated leveling position and the riprap operation has been completed.

[0113] Underwater leveling construction methods include:

[0114] 1. Leveling Frame Preparation: The leveling frame is installed on the water support vessel, including the auger, scraper, truss measuring tower, leveling frame overall frame, hydraulic outriggers, transverse inclinometer, longitudinal inclinometer, rails, pin wheel and pin tooth transmission mechanism, hydraulic oil pipes, etc. Then, the power equipment such as the hydraulic pump station is installed, and the leveling frame is debugged. Finally, the hydraulic outriggers are in the retracted state, and the scraper and auger are moved to the end of the leveling frame.

[0115] 2. Positioning of the leveling support vessel: With manual assistance, the leveling frame is connected to the main hook of the trolley by a hoisting rope, and the hydraulic oil pipes are connected to the auxiliary hook of the trolley. At the same time, the water support vessel carries the leveling frame to the target water area and is accurately positioned on the bed to be leveled by anchoring.

[0116] 3. Leveling frame positioning: The leveling frame is smoothly lowered into the water by the crane on the leveling support vessel. At the same time, hydraulic oil pipes and other equipment are lowered into the water. Divers assist in underwater positioning of the leveling frame until the hydraulic outriggers contact the bottom surface and are fully on the bottom. At this time, the crane is still connected to the leveling frame by the hoisting rope, but no tension is generated.

[0117] 4. Leveling the leveling frame: Adjust the hydraulic system to precisely control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic outrigger cylinders. In conjunction with the elevation and horizontal and vertical tilt angles monitored by the truss-type measuring tower, the transverse inclinometer, and the longitudinal inclinometer, adjust the overall frame plane of the leveling frame to the target leveling plane elevation.

[0118] 5. Rock Throwing and Leveling: Crushed stones are thrown from the support vessel on the water onto the bed surface to be leveled until the required amount of stones is reached. Then, the hydraulic system is used to start the track trolley and auger, which move forward from one end of the overall frame of the leveling frame along the gear and rack track at a set lateral speed to begin the leveling operation.

[0119] 6. Subgrade inspection and leveling: After the leveling operation is completed, the leveling quality of the crushed stone subgrade is tested by acoustic measurement equipment on the support vessel. If there are any depressions below the target elevation, they will be filled with additional material.

[0120] 7. Leveling Operation Cycle: After the leveling operation of a single target leveling area is completed, the crane will lift the leveling frame and hydraulic oil pipes simultaneously, so that the leveling frame leaves the water surface. Then, repeat steps 2-6 until the leveling work of all the base beds that need to be leveled is completed.

[0121] 8. Leveling frame storage and maintenance: After underwater leveling work is completed, or if the leveling frame malfunctions, the lifting frame will lift the leveling frame out of the water and move it laterally to the surface support vessel via a mobile trolley. It will then be lowered to the vessel's deck for storage, maintenance, or repair.

[0122] Example 3:

[0123] The overall design of the spiral-scraper combined leveling device has a spiral diameter of 0.6m, a spiral pitch of 0.25m, and its bottom edge is flush with the rear scraper. The closest distance between the spiral edge and the scraper is 0.14m, and the angle between the scraper and the forward direction is 100°.

[0124] A leveling experimental platform was constructed based on the spiral-scraper combined device. This platform consists of a traction winch, a frame, a trolley, a return winch, and a pump station. The trolley carries the spiral-scraper leveling device, and the depth of cut of the spiral-scraper is controlled by hydraulic cylinders. The trolley moves back and forth on the frame track via pulleys. The interior of the frame is lined with sand and gravel, and its surface is treated to simulate different leveling conditions. During the experiment, the pump station controls the operation of the hydraulic cylinders at various points to control the trolley's forward speed, spiral rotation speed, and cut depth. A force gauge is installed at the connection point between the traction winch cable and the trolley to record the trolley resistance during the experiment.

[0125] This paper describes the flatness of the base bed surface by using elevation data before and after leveling. The distance l from the base bed surface to the centerline of the lower crossbeam at the front of the trolley is measured using a laser rangefinder. Assuming the ground height is 0 and the centerline height of the crossbeam is H, the absolute elevation h of the base bed is calculated as follows, where H = 1.17m and h = Hl.

[0126] The relevant working conditions of the resistance experiment and process experiment are summarized in Table 1 below: The resistance experiment investigated the influence of the screw rotation speed and the scraper advance speed on the leveling resistance. To further control variables, the experiment was conducted on a fully laid and flat base bed, with a cutter depth of 5 cm. The leveling effect experiment investigated the leveling effect of different structures. In the table, working condition 9 has a rotation speed of 0, which was used to investigate the leveling performance of a single scraper; working condition 10 was used to investigate the leveling performance of the screw-scraper combination device; and working condition 11 was used to investigate the leveling performance of a single screw.

[0127]

[0128] Before the experiment, an unloaded test was first conducted, and the resistance of the trolley when moving forward under no-load was measured to be 155N. After excluding the results of no-load frictional resistance, the resistance curves for various working conditions were measured as follows: Figure 16 .

[0129] It can be seen that when the screw speed is 0, the total resistance of leveling increases continuously over time; after the screw starts to rotate, the resistance curve rises for a period of time and then stabilizes within a certain range, indicating that the screw rotation has achieved a good resistance reduction effect on the paving of the piled stone.

[0130] Before each leveling operation, an excavator was used to treat the subgrade surface to simulate the uneven surface after riprap placement in actual engineering. Before leveling, the elevation data of the subgrade surface was measured, and a contour map of the subgrade surface was drawn, as shown below. Figure 17 .

[0131] To control for variables, the surface flatness (difference between maximum and minimum elevation) of the substrate was controlled to be approximately 0.16m in all three process experiments. Each working condition underwent two leveling passes, with each pass having a depth of 5cm. The surface elevation of the substrate was measured after each pass. The surface flatness of the substrate in working conditions 9-11 was 0.036m, 0.040m, and 0.130m, respectively. Based on the measurement data, contour maps of the substrate surface were plotted as follows: Figure 18 .

[0132] From the perspective of the flatness of the base bed surface, when a scraper is used for leveling, whether the auger rotates or not has little impact on the flatness of the base bed surface. However, from the contour map, the rotation of the auger is beneficial to the improvement of the leveling performance. The contour map after leveling at a speed of 30 rpm shows a significant reduction in low-lying areas compared to the case where the speed is 0 rpm. This is because the low-lying areas of the base bed are filled during the auger paving of the stone. The single auger leveling effect is the worst. Since the direction of friction is the same as the leveling direction when the auger rotates, the experiment showed that the rotation of the auger drove the entire platform vehicle forward, and thread-like grooves appeared on the base bed surface.

[0133] The above experiments show that, compared with the traditional single-blade process, adding a spiral in front of the blade will further reduce the leveling resistance during the leveling process and further improve the leveling effect.

[0134] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater substrate spiral scraper leveling system, characterized in that: Includes an underwater leveling frame (3), which includes a base frame (4). The base frame (4) has a movable frame (5) along its length. The lower end of the movable frame (5) has a rotatable scraper auger (6) to level the gravel inside the base frame (4). The underwater leveling frame (3) is equipped with a transverse inclinometer (301) and a longitudinal inclinometer (302). The foundation frame (4) is a rectangular structure. The foundation frame (4) is equipped with hydraulic outriggers (401) that can extend and retract vertically at at least four corners. The lower end of the hydraulic outriggers (401) is equipped with universal foot (402). The foundation frame (4) is connected to an upwardly erected truss measuring tower (303). The top of the truss measuring tower (303) is equipped with an RTK height measuring instrument (304). It also has multiple temporary piles (7) arranged on the bottom of the water. The multiple temporary piles (7) are at least two rows. Each row is equipped with a base rail frame (8). Each base rail frame (8) is equipped with a movable beam (9) that can move along the length of the base rail frame (8). Each movable beam (9) is equipped with a traction winch (901) at both ends. The traction cable (902) of each traction winch (901) extends to the side close to the underwater leveling frame (3) and connects to the four corners of the foundation frame (4). The extension direction of the traction cable (902) is perpendicular to the length direction of the base rail frame (8). Multiple inflatable airbags (403) are connected to the outside of the foundation frame (4). The temporary pile (7) is equipped with a height-adjustable seat (701) at the upper end, and a locking seat (702) is provided at the upper end of the height-adjustable seat (701). The base rail frame (8) is slidably connected to the locking seat (702).

2. The underwater substrate spiral scraper leveling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a lifting frame (2) installed on a water support vessel (1), a lifting hook (201) that can move up and down is provided on the lifting frame (201), a lifting rope (202) is provided on the hook (201), and the lower end of the lifting rope (202) is connected to an underwater leveling frame (3).

3. The underwater substrate spiral scraper leveling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraper auger (6) includes a rotating shaft (601), and a first auger blade (602) and a second auger blade (603) arranged side by side on the outside of the rotating shaft (601). The first auger blade (602) and the second auger blade (603) rotate in opposite directions.

4. The underwater substrate spiral scraper leveling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable frame (5) is provided with a widening frame (506) at both ends. Each of the lower sides of the widening frame (506) is provided with a rotatable first traveling wheel (501). The first traveling wheel (501) rolls against the upper surface of the base frame (4). The side of the base frame (4) is provided with a chain straight guide structure (503). The movable frame (5) is also provided with a rotatable sprocket (502). The sprocket (502) meshes with the chain straight guide structure (503).

5. The underwater substrate spiral scraper leveling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the height adjustment seat (701) is provided with a U-shaped groove (704). Each side wall of the U-shaped groove (704) is provided with a first push rod (705) connected by threads. One end of the first push rod (705) abuts against the side wall of the snap-fit ​​seat (702). The snap-fit ​​seat (702) is provided with a C-shaped snap-fit ​​space (706). The lower end of the base rail frame (8) is located in the snap-fit ​​space (706). The side walls of the snap-fit ​​space (706) are provided with a second push rod (707) connected by threads. The end of the second push rod (707) abuts against the lower side wall of the base rail frame (8).

6. The underwater substrate spiral scraper leveling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the movable beam (9) is provided with a liftable platform (906), and the liftable platform (906) is provided with a rotatable guide wheel (903), which abuts against the traction cable (902).

7. The leveling method of the underwater substrate spiral scraper leveling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface support vessel (1) is in place, and the underwater leveling frame (3) is lowered and leveled. The crushed stone is transported from the water support vessel (1) to the bed surface to be leveled through the crushed stone conveying pipe (10), and the underwater leveling frame (3) is started to begin the leveling operation; After the area leveling is completed, the quality of the crushed stone bed leveling is detected by acoustic measurement equipment on the water support vessel (1), and the depression area below the target elevation is filled with additional material. Move the underwater leveling frame (3) to the next construction area to begin the next round of leveling construction.

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