Rapid spline shaft unlocking mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism, which belongs to the technical field of spline shaft quick unlocking and replacement, and comprises a locking rod arranged in a first shaft hole of a spline shaft; a plurality of first V-shaped grooves are formed in the circumferential direction of the locking rod, and a plurality of reducing limiting holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the side wall of the spline shaft; the steel balls are located in the first V-shaped groove and the variable-diameter limiting hole; the first spring is used for being arranged in a second shaft hole of the transmission shaft, an inner spline is arranged in the second shaft hole, a plurality of second V-shaped grooves are formed in the second shaft hole, and the second V-shaped grooves and the first V-shaped grooves are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode. The first spring extrudes the locking rod to slide along the first shaft hole, and the steel ball is extruded out of the first V-shaped groove and extends into the second V-shaped groove through the variable-diameter limiting hole. The connecting device improves the reliability and safety of connection, and is simple in structure, convenient to operate and suitable for a mechanical transmission system needing to be disassembled and assembled frequently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of quick unlocking and replacement of a spline shaft, in particular to a quick unlocking mechanism for a spline shaft. Background Art

[0002] As a core component in the field of mechanical transmission, the spline shaft realizes the reliable transmission of torque and motion through the circumferentially evenly distributed key tooth structure, and has been widely used in precision transmission systems such as machine tools, automobile gearboxes, and aerospace equipment. In traditional connection technology solutions, bolt-tightened flange connection, keyway transition fit or clearance fit are commonly used. Although these methods can meet basic transmission needs, they gradually expose significant defects in industrial scenarios that require frequent disassembly and assembly such as equipment maintenance and component replacement: 1. Bolt connections require special tools for point-by-point disassembly, which is inefficient and has the risk of thread slippage; 2. Keyway fit is prone to contact surface wear during repeated disassembly and assembly, resulting in an increase in fit clearance and affecting transmission accuracy; 3. Although clearance fit can reduce the difficulty of assembly, it is easy to cause vibration and abnormal noise under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, and in severe cases, it causes plastic deformation of the key teeth.

[0003] Some improvement schemes have been proposed in the prior art, such as the use of quick clamping devices, elastic locking mechanisms, etc. However, due to the complexity of some unlocking mechanisms during long-term use, they are prone to wear or jamming, resulting in incomplete unlocking and difficulty in adapting to spline shafts of different sizes or types.

[0004] Therefore, a spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism, comprising:

[0007] A locking rod is used to be arranged in the first shaft hole of the spline shaft; the locking rod is circumferentially provided with a plurality of first V-shaped grooves, and the side wall of the spline shaft is circumferentially provided with a plurality of variable diameter limiting holes;

[0008] A plurality of steel balls are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first V-shaped grooves and the plurality of the variable diameter limiting holes, the diameter of the small diameter end of the variable diameter limiting hole is smaller than the diameter of the steel balls, and the steel balls are located in the first V-shaped grooves and the variable diameter limiting holes;

[0009] The first spring is used to be arranged in the second shaft hole of the transmission shaft, the second shaft hole is provided with an internal spline, the second shaft hole is provided with a plurality of second V-grooves, the plurality of second V-grooves are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first V-grooves, when the spline shaft extends into the second shaft hole and matches the internal spline in the second shaft hole, the first spring squeezes the locking rod to slide along the first shaft hole, squeezes the steel ball out of the first V-groove and extends into the second V-groove through the variable diameter limit hole.

[0010] Preferably, an unlocking push rod is also provided. When unlocking is required, the unlocking push rod is extended into the first axial hole away from one end of the locking rod. The unlocking push rod pushes the locking rod to slide in the first axial hole, so that the first V-shaped groove is opposite to the variable diameter limit hole and the second V-shaped groove. At this time, the spline shaft automatically pops out under the elastic force of the first spring to achieve unlocking.

[0011] Preferably, the first axial hole includes a first sliding hole and a second sliding hole, the diameter of the first sliding hole is larger than the diameter of the second sliding hole, the locking rod is in sliding contact with the first sliding hole, the end of the first sliding hole is detachably connected with a locking ring, the inner ring diameter of the locking ring is smaller than the diameter of the first sliding hole, when one end of the locking rod is in contact with the inner end surface of the locking ring, the first V-shaped groove is opposite to the variable diameter limiting hole, and when the other end of the locking rod is in contact with the inner end surface of the first sliding hole, the first V-shaped groove is misaligned with the variable diameter limiting hole.

[0012] Preferably, a sleeve is fixedly connected to the locking ring, and the sleeve is sleeved outside the spline shaft. The locking ring is fixedly connected to the end face of the spline shaft by a plurality of screws, and the variable diameter limiting hole includes a first circular hole opened on the side wall of the spline shaft and a second circular hole opened on the locking ring, the diameter of the first circular hole is equal to the diameter of the steel ball, and the diameter of the second circular hole is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball.

[0013] Preferably, a sliding shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the locking rod away from the locking ring, and the sliding shaft is in sliding contact with the first sliding hole.

[0014] Preferably, an internal spline sleeve is provided in the second shaft hole, the end of the transmission shaft and the outer end surface of the internal spline sleeve are fixedly connected by screws, and the internal key in the internal spline sleeve matches the external spline on the spline shaft.

[0015] Preferably, a spring seat is provided in the second shaft hole, the spring seat is in contact with the inner end surface of the inner spline sleeve, a third sliding hole is provided in the spring seat, a plurality of second V-shaped grooves are provided on the hole wall of the third sliding hole, and the first spring is provided in the third sliding hole; when the second V-shaped groove is directly opposite to the variable diameter limiting hole, the first spring pushes the locking rod to axially displace, so that the first V-shaped groove is misaligned with the variable diameter limiting hole.

[0016] Preferably, a variable diameter spring push rod is slidably connected in the third sliding hole, the first spring is sleeved on the small diameter end of the variable diameter spring push rod, the large diameter end of the variable diameter spring push rod is in sliding contact with the third sliding hole, and the first spring pushes the locking rod to axially displace through the variable diameter spring push rod.

[0017] Preferably, a second spring is arranged at one end of the second shaft hole away from the internal spline sleeve, the spring seat is a variable diameter structure, the large diameter end of the spring seat is in sliding contact with the second shaft hole, and the end of the second spring is sleeved on the small diameter end of the spring seat and abuts against the end surface of the large diameter end of the spring seat.

[0018] Preferably, a spline spacer is further provided in the second shaft hole, and the spline spacer is clamped between the spring seat and the inner spline sleeve. When the spline shaft and the spline spacer are matched and installed, the spline spacer is in contact with the end face of the spline shaft at the same time.

[0019] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: when locking, the spline shaft is inserted into the second shaft hole of the transmission shaft, and the outer spline on the spline shaft matches the inner spline in the second shaft hole of the transmission shaft to perform radial limiting; at this time, the second V-shaped groove in the second shaft hole is directly opposite to the variable diameter limiting hole on the spline shaft, and the first spring squeezes the locking rod to make it move axially along the first shaft hole, so that the first V-shaped groove is misaligned with the variable diameter limiting hole on the spline shaft, thereby squeezing the steel ball out of the first V-shaped groove and extending into the second V-shaped groove through the variable diameter limiting hole. Since the steel ball is located in the variable diameter limiting hole and the second V-shaped groove at this time, the spline shaft is axially limited to complete locking. In addition, since the variable diameter limiting hole is opened on the side wall of the spline shaft, a reliable radial constraint can be generated on the steel ball to prevent the steel ball from falling off.

[0020] The present application can realize a rigid connection, improve the reliability and safety of the connection, and has a simple structure and convenient operation, and is suitable for mechanical transmission systems that require frequent disassembly and assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1This is a cross-sectional view of the unlocked state of the HMT80 in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the locking state of the (HMT80) in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the main locking structure of the present invention (HMT80);

[0025] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the spline shaft (HMT80) in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is an axonometric view of the spline shaft (HMT80) in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is an axonometric view of the spline shaft (HMT45) in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the locked state of (HMT45) in the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. spline shaft; 2. bearing; 3. sliding shaft; 4. locking rod; 5. steel ball; 6. locking ring; 7. unlocking push rod; 8. internal spline sleeve; 9. transmission shaft; 10. spline spacer; 11. spring seat; 12. reducing spring push rod; 13. first spring; 14. second spring; 15. M5 flat washer; 16. first shaft hole; 17. second shaft hole; 18. third sliding hole; 19. first V-groove; 20. second V-groove; 21. first round hole; 22. second round hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 (Depending on the manufacturing requirements of the test piece, spline shafts with different spline models can be used. Figure 1-Figure 7 Only HMT80 and HMT45 are used as examples), the present invention provides a spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism, comprising:

[0033] The locking rod 4 is used to be arranged in the first shaft hole 16 of the spline shaft 1; the locking rod 4 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of first V-shaped grooves 19, and the side wall of the spline shaft 1 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of variable diameter limiting holes;

[0034] A plurality of steel balls 5 are arranged corresponding to the plurality of first V-shaped grooves 19 and the plurality of variable diameter limiting holes. The diameter of the small diameter end of the variable diameter limiting hole is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball 5. The steel ball 5 is located in the first V-shaped groove 19 and the variable diameter limiting hole.

[0035] The first spring 13 is used to be arranged in the second shaft hole 17 of the transmission shaft 9. The second shaft hole 17 is provided with an internal spline. The second shaft hole 17 is provided with a plurality of second V-grooves 20. The plurality of second V-grooves 20 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first V-grooves 19. When the spline shaft 1 extends into the second shaft hole 17 and matches the internal spline in the second shaft hole 17, the first spring 13 squeezes the locking rod 4 to slide along the first shaft hole 16, squeezes the steel ball 5 out of the first V-groove 19 and extends into the second V-groove 20 through the variable diameter limit hole.

[0036] When the steel ball 5 is located in the first V-groove 19 and the variable diameter limit hole, the steel ball does not protrude out of the diameter limit hole. When locking, the spline shaft 1 is inserted into the second shaft hole 17 of the transmission shaft 9, and the external spline on the spline shaft 1 matches the spline in the second shaft hole 17 of the transmission shaft 9 for radial limitation; at this time, the second V-groove 20 in the second shaft hole 17 is directly opposite to the variable diameter limit hole on the spline shaft 1, and the first spring 13 squeezes the locking rod 4 to make it move axially along the first shaft hole 16, so that the first V-groove 19 is misaligned with the variable diameter limit on the spline shaft 1, thereby squeezing the steel ball 5 out of the first V-groove 19 and extending into the second V-groove 20 through the variable diameter limit hole. Since the steel ball 5 is located in the variable diameter limit hole and the second V-groove 20 at this time, the spline shaft 1 is axially limited to complete the locking.

[0037] In this embodiment, the number of steel balls 5 is 6, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the locking rod 4, with a distribution angle of 60°. The steel balls 5 are radially constrained by the variable diameter limiting holes to prevent the steel balls 5 from falling off.

[0038] The first V-shaped groove 19 inches is 2.6 mm and 120 degrees, and the second V-shaped groove 20 inches is 2.8 mm and 90 degrees.

[0039] In some optional embodiments, an unlocking push rod 7 is also provided. When unlocking is required, the unlocking push rod 7 is extended into the first axial hole 16 at one end away from the locking rod 4. The unlocking push rod 7 pushes the locking rod 4 to slide in the first axial hole 16, so that the first V-shaped groove 19 is opposite to the variable diameter limit hole and the second V-shaped groove 20. At this time, the spline shaft 1 automatically pops out under the elastic force of the first spring 13 to achieve unlocking.

[0040] When unlocking, the unlocking push rod 7 is manually inserted axially from the right end, and the unlocking push rod 7 pushes the locking rod 4 to slide in the first axial hole 16, so that the first V-shaped groove 19 is opposite to the variable diameter limit hole and the second V-shaped groove 20, offsetting the locking force of the first spring 13 to make the steel ball 5 radially retract, thereby releasing the axial constraint and realizing the rapid unlocking of the mechanism.

[0041] In some optional embodiments, the first axial hole 16 includes a first sliding hole and a second sliding hole, the diameter of the first sliding hole is larger than the diameter of the second sliding hole, the locking rod 4 is in sliding contact with the first sliding hole, the end of the first sliding hole is detachably connected with a locking ring 6, the inner ring diameter of the locking ring 6 is smaller than the diameter of the first sliding hole, when one end of the locking rod 4 contacts the inner end surface of the locking ring 6, the first V-shaped groove 19 is opposite to the variable diameter limiting hole, and when the other end of the locking rod 4 contacts the inner end surface of the first sliding hole, the first V-shaped groove 19 is misaligned with the variable diameter limiting hole.

[0042] With such arrangement, when the unlocking push rod 7 pushes the locking rod 4 until it contacts the inner end surface of the locking ring 6, the lock can be unlocked.

[0043] In some optional embodiments, a sleeve is fixedly connected to the locking ring 6, and the sleeve is sleeved outside the spline shaft 1. The locking ring 6 is fixedly connected to the end face of the spline shaft 1 by a plurality of screws. The variable diameter limit hole includes a first circular hole 21 opened on the side wall of the spline shaft 1 and a second circular hole 22 opened on the locking ring 6. The diameter of the first circular hole 21 is equal to the diameter of the steel ball 5, and the diameter of the second circular hole 22 is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball 5.

[0044] Therefore, the steel ball 5 is radially limited by the second circular hole 22 to prevent the steel ball 5 from escaping from the first circular hole 21, and the disassembly and replacement of the steel ball 5 are facilitated by providing a locking ring 6 and a sleeve. When replacing, the locking ring 6 and the sleeve are removed to expose the first circular hole 21, and the steel ball 5 can be taken out.

[0045] The nominal diameter of the steel ball 5 is φ8 mm, and the diameter of the second circular hole 22 is φ7.8 mm, ensuring reliable restraint.

[0046] In some optional embodiments, one end of the locking rod 4 away from the locking ring 6 is fixedly connected to the sliding shaft 3, and the sliding shaft 3 is in sliding contact with the first sliding hole.

[0047] One end of the sliding shaft 3 is fixedly connected to the locking rod 4 through a screw, and the other end is supported by the JH-B0810 bearing 2.

[0048] The sliding shaft 3 and the locking rod 4 are fixedly connected via a screw.

[0049] In some optional embodiments, an internal spline sleeve 8 is provided in the second shaft hole 17 , the end of the transmission shaft 9 and the outer end surface of the internal spline sleeve 8 are fixedly connected by screws, and the internal splines in the internal spline sleeve 8 match the external splines on the spline shaft 1 .

[0050] The inner spline sleeve 8 on the left is fixed to the transmission shaft 9 by screws and positioned by cylindrical pins; it is convenient to replace different types of inner spline sleeves 8. The schematic diagram of the present invention takes HMT80 spline and HMT45 spline as examples. If other models are required, it is only necessary to replace the spline shaft 1. It can adapt to the spline shafts of different types of test pieces and has good versatility.

[0051] In some optional embodiments, a spring seat 11 is provided in the second shaft hole 17, the spring seat 11 contacts the inner end surface of the inner spline sleeve 8, a third sliding hole 18 is provided in the spring seat 11, a plurality of second V-shaped grooves 20 are provided on the hole wall of the third sliding hole 18, and a first spring 13 is provided in the third sliding hole 18; when the second V-shaped groove 20 is directly opposite to the variable diameter limiting hole, the first spring 13 pushes the locking rod 4 to axially displace, so that the first V-shaped groove 19 is misaligned with the variable diameter limiting hole.

[0052] At this time, the steel ball 5 is squeezed out of the first V-shaped groove 19 and extends into the second V-shaped groove 20 through the variable diameter limiting hole.

[0053] In some optional embodiments, a variable diameter spring top rod 12 is slidably connected in the third sliding hole 18, the first spring 13 is sleeved on the small diameter end of the variable diameter spring top rod 12, the large diameter end of the variable diameter spring top rod 12 is in sliding contact with the third sliding hole 18, and the first spring 13 pushes the locking rod 4 to axially displace through the variable diameter spring top rod 12.

[0054] The first spring 13 is axially limited by the variable diameter spring push rod 12; the third sliding hole 18 is a variable diameter hole, the variable diameter spring push rod 12 is located at the small diameter end of the third sliding hole 18, and the second V-shaped groove 20 is opened at the large diameter end of the third sliding hole 18; when the spline shaft 1 is matched and connected with the transmission shaft 9, the end of the spline shaft 1 extends into the large diameter end of the third sliding hole 18 and abuts against the end face of the large diameter end of the third sliding hole 18. At this time, the second V-shaped groove 20 is opposite to the variable diameter limiting hole, and the first spring 13 is compressed.

[0055] The variable diameter spring push rod 12 and the spring seat 11 are clearance-matched to ensure that the variable diameter spring push rod 12 can realize axial movement. The end of the variable diameter spring push rod 12 passes through the spring seat 11 and is fixedly connected with the M5 flat washer 15 by screws.

[0056] In some optional embodiments, a second spring 14 is provided at one end of the second axial hole 17 away from the internal spline sleeve 8, the spring seat 11 is a variable diameter structure, the large diameter end of the spring seat 11 is in sliding contact with the second axial hole 17, and the end of the second spring 14 is sleeved on the small diameter end of the spring seat 11 and abuts against the end face of the large diameter end of the spring seat 11.

[0057] In some optional embodiments, a spline spacer 10 is also slidably connected in the second axial hole 17. The spline spacer 10 is clamped between the spring seat 11 and the inner spline sleeve 8. When the spline shaft 1 and the spline spacer 10 are matched and installed, the spline spacer 10 contacts the end face of the spline shaft 1 at the same time.

[0058] A spline spacer 10 is sandwiched between the spring seat 11 and the inner spline sleeve 8. The second spring 14 and the spline spacer 10 are combined to make the spline shaft 1 and the test piece have a flexible effect during the docking process.

[0059] In some optional embodiments, the locking rod 4 and the first sliding hole are clearance-matched to ensure that the locking rod 4 can achieve axial movement and the locking ring 6 has axial constraints on the locking rod 4 .

[0060] The method of use of the present invention is as follows:

[0061] Step 1: Fix the sliding shaft 3 and the locking rod 4 together through a screw, and install the sliding shaft 3 and the locking rod 4 into the JH-B0810 bearing 2 of the spline shaft 1;

[0062] Step 2: Fix the left end of the spline shaft 1 to the locking ring 6 by screws;

[0063] Step 3: Install the first spring 13 to the spring seat 11, and pass the variable diameter spring push rod 12 through the first spring 13, and fix the variable diameter spring push rod 12 and the M5 flat washer 15 with screws;

[0064] Step 4: axially install the spring seat 11 on the second spring 14, and support the spring seat 11 with the inner spline sleeve 8 through the spline spacer 10, and fix the inner spline sleeve 8 to the transmission shaft 9 by screws;

[0065] Step 5: Push the spline shaft 1 inward axially as a whole, and the outer spline of the spline shaft 1 cooperates with the inner spline sleeve 8. After pushing to the bottom, the first V-shaped groove 19 and the second V-shaped groove 20 are aligned, and the variable diameter spring push rod 12 pushes the locking rod 4 by the spring force of the first spring 13, and the locking rod 4 drives the steel ball 5. The first V-shaped groove 19 and the second V-shaped groove 20 are axially misaligned, and the steel ball 5 enters the second V-shaped groove 20, forming an axial constraint on the spline shaft 1, and the mechanism is locked;

[0066] Step six: apply axial thrust to the unlocking push rod 7 to push the sliding shaft 3 to move axially, which is transmitted to the variable diameter spring push rod 12 through the locking rod 4. The first V-groove 19 coincides with the second V-groove 20, and the steel ball 5 returns to the first V-groove 19; under the spring force of the first spring 13, the spline shaft 1 obtains axial thrust to automatically pop out and complete the unlocking.

[0067] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0068] 1. The spline shaft 1 is axially inserted into the inner spline sleeve 8, and the locking rod 4 is in contact with the reducer spring push rod 12. Under the elastic force of the first spring 13, the reducer spring push rod 12 pushes the locking rod 4 to move axially, forcing the steel ball 5 to radially displace into the second V-groove 20. The locking ring 6 forms a reliable radial constraint on the steel ball 5 to prevent accidental falling off and ensure safe operation. At this time, the upper half of the steel ball 5 is embedded in the second V-groove 20, and the lower half is restricted by the first circular hole 21 and the second circular hole 22. Due to the axial misalignment of the second V-groove 20 and the first V-groove 19, the steel ball 5 forms an axial constraint on the spline shaft 1, completing the axial locking. The spline shaft 1 can be connected to the test piece to reach the working state. The rigid connection ensures the connection reliability under high load and high-speed operation conditions.

[0069] 2. The unlocking push rod 7 applies an axial thrust to push the sliding shaft 3 to move axially to the left. This movement is transmitted to the variable diameter spring push rod 12 through the locking rod 4, causing the first spring 13 to further compress the stored energy. At the same time, the axial displacement of the locking rod 4 causes the first V-groove 19 to be gradually aligned with the second V-groove 20. When the first V-groove 19 and the second V-groove 20 are radially overlapped, the upper steel ball 5 is reset to the first V-groove 19 by gravity after the axial constraint is released, and the lower steel ball 5 is pushed into the locking rod 4 by the second V-groove 20 during the pop-up process. The quick unlocking mechanism obtains an axial thrust under the action of the spring force of the compressed first spring 13 to achieve automatic pop-up and complete the unlocking action. The spline shaft 1 and the inner spline sleeve 8 can be quickly connected and separated, and the number of mechanism parts is small, which is convenient for manufacturing, installation and maintenance.

[0070] 3. The first spring 13 provides a stable axial preload, and the spline shaft 1 is automatically ejected when unlocking, without additional operation, thereby improving work efficiency. The unlocking mechanism can also adapt to different types of spline shafts and has good versatility.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0072] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism, characterized in that: include: A locking rod (4) is used to be arranged in a first shaft hole (16) of a spline shaft (1); the locking rod (4) is provided with a plurality of first V-shaped grooves (19) in a circumferential direction, and a plurality of variable diameter limiting holes is provided in a circumferential direction on a side wall of the spline shaft (1); A plurality of steel balls (5) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first V-shaped grooves (19) and the plurality of the variable diameter limiting holes, the diameter of the small diameter end of the variable diameter limiting hole is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball (5), and the steel ball (5) is located in the first V-shaped groove (19) and the variable diameter limiting hole; The first spring (13) is used to be arranged in a second shaft hole (17) of the transmission shaft (9), wherein the second shaft hole (17) is provided with an internal spline, and the second shaft hole (17) is provided with a plurality of second V-shaped grooves (20), wherein the plurality of second V-shaped grooves (20) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first V-shaped grooves (19), and when the spline shaft (1) extends into the second shaft hole (17) and matches with the internal spline in the second shaft hole (17), the first spring (13) presses the locking rod (4) to slide along the first shaft hole (16), squeezes the steel ball (5) out of the first V-shaped groove (19) and extends into the second V-shaped groove (20) through the variable diameter limiting hole.

2. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: An unlocking push rod (7) is also provided. When unlocking is required, the unlocking push rod (7) is extended into the first shaft hole (16) away from one end of the locking rod (4). The unlocking push rod (7) pushes the locking rod (4) to slide in the first shaft hole (16), so that the first V-shaped groove (19) is aligned with the variable diameter limit hole and the second V-shaped groove (20). At this time, the spline shaft (1) automatically pops out under the elastic force of the first spring (13), thereby achieving unlocking.

3. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first shaft hole (16) comprises a first sliding hole and a second sliding hole, the diameter of the first sliding hole is larger than the diameter of the second sliding hole, the locking rod (4) is in sliding contact with the first sliding hole, the end of the first sliding hole is detachably connected with a locking ring (6), the inner ring diameter of the locking ring (6) is smaller than the diameter of the first sliding hole, when one end of the locking rod (4) contacts the inner end surface of the locking ring (6), the first V-shaped groove (19) is opposite to the diameter-changing limiting hole, and when the other end of the locking rod (4) contacts the inner end surface of the first sliding hole, the first V-shaped groove (19) is misaligned with the diameter-changing limiting hole.

4. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sleeve is fixedly connected to the locking ring (6), and the sleeve is sleeved outside the spline shaft (1). The locking ring (6) is fixedly connected to the end face of the spline shaft (1) by means of a plurality of screws. The variable diameter limiting hole comprises a first circular hole (21) provided on the side wall of the spline shaft (1) and a second circular hole (22) provided on the locking ring (6). The diameter of the first circular hole (21) is equal to the diameter of the steel ball (5), and the diameter of the second circular hole (22) is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball (5).

5. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the locking rod (4) away from the locking ring (6) is fixedly connected to a sliding shaft (3), and the sliding shaft (3) is in sliding contact with the first sliding hole.

6. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: An internal spline sleeve (8) is arranged in the second shaft hole (17), the end of the transmission shaft (9) and the outer end surface of the internal spline sleeve (8) are fixedly connected by screws, and the internal splines in the internal spline sleeve (8) match the external splines on the spline shaft (1).

7. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: A spring seat (11) is arranged in the second shaft hole (17), the spring seat (11) contacts the inner end surface of the inner spline sleeve (8), a third sliding hole (18) is arranged in the spring seat (11), a plurality of second V-shaped grooves (20) are arranged on the hole wall of the third sliding hole (18), and the first spring (13) is arranged in the third sliding hole (18); when the second V-shaped groove (20) is directly opposite to the variable diameter limiting hole, the first spring (13) pushes the locking rod (4) to axially displace, so that the first V-shaped groove (19) is misaligned with the variable diameter limiting hole.

8. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: A variable diameter spring push rod (12) is slidably connected in the third sliding hole (18); the first spring (13) is sleeved on the small diameter end of the variable diameter spring push rod (12); the large diameter end of the variable diameter spring push rod (12) is in sliding contact with the third sliding hole (18); the first spring (13) pushes the locking rod (4) to axially displace via the variable diameter spring push rod (12).

9. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second spring (14) is arranged at one end of the second shaft hole (17) away from the internal spline sleeve (8); the spring seat (11) is a variable diameter structure; the large diameter end of the spring seat (11) is in sliding contact with the second shaft hole (17); the end of the second spring (14) is sleeved on the small diameter end of the spring seat (11) and abuts against the end surface of the large diameter end of the spring seat (11).

10. The spline shaft quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: A spline spacer (10) is also provided in the second shaft hole (17). The spline spacer (10) is clamped between the spring seat (11) and the inner spline sleeve (8). When the spline shaft (1) and the spline spacer (10) are matched and installed, the spline spacer (10) is in contact with the end face of the spline shaft (1) at the same time.

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