Nuclear fusion reaction device, system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a nuclear fusion reaction device, system and method. The outer wall of a vacuum chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device comprises an inner ring surface and an outer ring surface which are connected, the outer ring surface surrounds the inner ring surface, and the inner ring surface protrudes towards a center shaft of the vacuum chamber; the vacuum chamber surrounds the first coils, and at least part of the first coils extend in the circumferential direction of the inner ring face and are sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber. The plurality of second coils surround the vacuum chamber, extend in the circumferential direction of the outer ring surface and are sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber; the plurality of third coils surround the vacuum chamber and are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction of the vacuum chamber; the plurality of first coils, the plurality of second coils and the plurality of third coils are used for generating a magnetic field, so that a plasma ring with negative triangles is generated in the vacuum chamber, and fusion reaction is carried out; the nuclear fusion reaction device can improve the stability of fusion plasma.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a nuclear fusion reaction device, system and method. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear fusion technology has been widely studied due to its advantage of utilizing low-cost materials to produce large amounts of clean energy, and the requirements for the stability of fusion plasma are becoming increasingly higher.

[0003] A nuclear fusion reaction device (such as a tokamak device) may include an annular vacuum chamber, the cross section of which is D-shaped. The vacuum chamber may surround a central column, on which a plurality of solenoids are arranged in sequence, and a plurality of poloidal magnetic field coils surround the periphery of the vacuum chamber. By transmitting current to the plurality of solenoids and the poloidal magnetic field coils, two plasma rings may be generated in the vacuum chamber. By adjusting the current on the solenoids and the poloidal magnetic field coils, the two plasma rings may be driven to fuse so that the plasma is heated to the fusion reaction temperature, and then a fusion reaction occurs to release energy.

[0004] However, the stability of fusion plasma in current nuclear fusion reaction devices still needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a nuclear fusion reaction device, system and method, which can improve the stability of fusion plasma.

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a nuclear fusion reaction device is provided, the nuclear fusion reaction device comprising: an annular vacuum chamber, a plurality of first coils, a plurality of second coils, and a plurality of third coils;

[0007] The outer wall of the vacuum chamber comprises an inner annular surface and an outer annular surface connected to each other, the outer annular surface surrounds the inner annular surface, and the inner annular surface protrudes toward the central axis of the vacuum chamber;

[0008] The vacuum chamber surrounds the plurality of first coils, at least some of the plurality of first coils extend along the circumferential direction of the inner annular surface, and are arranged sequentially in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber;

[0009] The plurality of second coils surround the vacuum chamber, the plurality of second coils extend along the circumferential direction of the outer annular surface, and are arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber;

[0010] The plurality of third coils all surround the vacuum chamber and are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the vacuum chamber;

[0011] The plurality of first coils, the plurality of second coils and the plurality of third coils are used to generate a magnetic field, so that a negative triangular plasma ring is generated in the vacuum chamber and a fusion reaction occurs.

[0012] In one embodiment, the axial space of the vacuum chamber gradually increases along the direction from the central axis to the outer edge of the vacuum chamber.

[0013] In one embodiment, the cross-section of the vacuum chamber is in an inverted D-shape or a triangle, and the cross-section is a plane where the central axis of the vacuum chamber is located.

[0014] In one embodiment, the third coil is in an inverted D-shape or a triangle shape.

[0015] In one embodiment, at least one first coil among the plurality of first coils surrounds another first coil.

[0016] In one embodiment, at least three first coils located on one side of a reference plane are arranged in a triangle, and the reference plane is perpendicular to the axial direction of the vacuum chamber.

[0017] In one embodiment, the nuclear fusion reaction device further includes a plurality of fourth coils;

[0018] The plurality of fourth coils are surrounded by the vacuum chamber and are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber, and at least one of the fourth coils is surrounded by the plurality of first coils.

[0019] In one embodiment, the vacuum chamber has an annular aspect ratio less than 3.

[0020] In one embodiment, the nuclear fusion reaction device further includes a divertor, and the divertor is located at the junction area between the inner annular surface and the outer annular surface of the vacuum chamber.

[0021] In one embodiment, the nuclear fusion reaction device further includes an air pump connected to the divertor.

[0022] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a nuclear fusion reaction system is provided, the nuclear fusion reaction system comprising: the above-mentioned nuclear fusion reaction device, as well as a magnet power supply, a plasma diagnostic unit and a control unit;

[0023] The magnet power supply is connected to the coil in the nuclear fusion reaction device and is used to transmit current to the coil;

[0024] The plasma diagnostic unit is used to detect the parameters of the plasma in the vacuum chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device;

[0025] The control unit is configured to adjust the current transmitted to the coil based on the parameter.

[0026] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a nuclear fusion reaction method is provided, which is applied to the above-mentioned nuclear fusion reaction system, and the nuclear fusion reaction method includes:

[0027] Starting an exhaust pump in the nuclear fusion reaction system to exhaust the gas in the vacuum chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device in the nuclear fusion reaction system;

[0028] Starting a magnet power supply in the nuclear fusion reaction system to transmit current to a plurality of third coils in the nuclear fusion reaction device, so as to generate a toroidal magnetic field in the vacuum chamber;

[0029] Controlling the air inlet valve in the nuclear fusion reaction device to inject fusion fuel gas into the vacuum chamber;

[0030] Controlling the magnet power supply to transmit current to the first coil and the second coil located at two ends of the vacuum chamber in the axial direction in the nuclear fusion reaction device, so that two magnetic zero points are formed at two ends of the vacuum chamber in the axial direction, and two plasma rings are generated at the two magnetic zero points;

[0031] Controlling the magnet power supply to transmit current to each first coil and each second coil in sequence from both ends to the middle along the axial direction;

[0032] Based on the parameters detected by the plasma diagnostic unit in the nuclear fusion reaction system, the current transmitted by the magnet power supply to each first coil and each second coil is adjusted to make the two plasma rings fuse into a negative triangle-shaped plasma ring, and the plasma in the plasma ring is heated to the fusion temperature to produce a fusion reaction.

[0033] In the nuclear fusion reaction device provided by the present application, the inner ring surface of the outer wall of the vacuum chamber protrudes toward the central axis of the vacuum chamber, the first coil extends along the circumferential direction of the inner ring surface and is arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber, and the magnetic field generated by the first coil and the second coil causes a negative triangle-changing plasma ring to be generated in the vacuum chamber and a fusion reaction to occur. In this way, the first coil is closer to the negative triangle-changing plasma ring, so only a small current can be input to the first coil to apply the force required for the negative triangle change to the plasma ring, thereby reducing current loss and improving the generation efficiency of the negative triangle-changing plasma ring. Since the control of lower currents can be more stable, the accuracy and stability of controlling the negative triangle-changing plasma ring can be improved, and the stability of the fusion plasma can be improved accordingly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a tokamak device in the related art;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional shape of a plasma ring provided by the related art;

[0036] Figure 3It is a structural schematic diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the state of another nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.10 This is a schematic structural diagram of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig.11 This is a schematic structural diagram of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig.12 is a structural schematic diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction device provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig.13 is a schematic structural diagram of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Fig.14 This is a flow chart of a nuclear fusion method provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Many specific details are described in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0049] The terms used in one or more embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present application. The singular forms of "one", "said" and "the" used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. The term "at least one" in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to "one or more", and "multiple" refers to "two or more". The term "including" is an open description and should be understood as "including but not limited to", and may include other content on the basis of the content described.

[0050] It should be understood that, although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of the present application, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present application, "first" may also be referred to as "second", and similarly, "second" may also be referred to as "first". Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0051] At present, nuclear fusion is considered to be an ideal choice for solving human energy problems. Nuclear fusion reactions can provide a large amount of clean energy, and the fuel required for nuclear fusion reactions is widely available and low in cost. Accordingly, nuclear fusion reaction devices are widely studied, such as the tokamak device, which is a nuclear fusion reaction device that has been studied more.

[0052] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a cross-section of a tokamak device in the related art. Figure 1 As shown, the tokamak device 10 includes an annular vacuum chamber 101 and a magnet located around the vacuum chamber 101. The cross section is the plane where the central axis z1 of the vacuum chamber 101 is located, and the cross-sectional shape of the vacuum chamber 101 is D-shaped. The magnet includes a central solenoid 102 located in the area surrounded by the vacuum chamber 101, a polar magnetic field coil 103 that surrounds the vacuum chamber 101 laterally, and a toroidal magnetic field coil 104 that surrounds the vacuum chamber 101 longitudinally. The transverse direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the central axis z1 (the x direction in the figure), and the longitudinal direction refers to the direction parallel to the central axis z1 (the y direction in the figure). The magnet can generate a magnetic field to confine the plasma in the vacuum chamber 101, and achieve a nuclear fusion reaction by heating.

[0053] Please continue to refer to Figure 1The tokamak device also includes a divertor 104 for performing tasks such as heat removal and dust removal from the vacuum chamber. It should be noted that the divertor 104 shown in the figure is only used to indicate its relative position to the vacuum chamber 101, and does not limit the actual shape and size of the divertor 104.

[0054] However, the tokamak device also faces a series of challenges in carrying out nuclear fusion reactions, such as the plasma produced is more prone to instability and turbulence, and the heat load of the divertor is high. The instability and turbulence of the plasma will not only lead to plasma energy loss and reduce the energy confinement time, but may also cause plasma rupture and cause serious damage to the tokamak device. The maximum heat load that the target plate of the existing divertor can withstand is 10 megawatts per square meter (MW / m 2 ), this limit value is far from meeting the requirements for future nuclear fusion reaction devices.

[0055] The embodiment of the present application provides a nuclear fusion reaction device, which can improve the stability of fusion plasma, increase energy confinement time, and reduce the heat load of the divertor. The embodiment of the present application also relates to a nuclear fusion reaction system and a nuclear fusion reaction method.

[0056] The nuclear fusion reaction device provided in the embodiment of the present application is designed based on a plasma ring with negative triangularity. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional shape of a plasma ring provided by the related art, and the plasma ring can be Figure 1 The tokamak device shown is generated in the vacuum chamber. Figure 2 The negative triangle transformation of plasma is introduced.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the major radius of the plasma ring is R, the minor radius of the plasma ring is a, and the diameter ratio of the plasma ring is A=R / a. The major radius refers to the distance between the central axis z2 of the plasma ring and the reference axis z3, which passes through the midpoint of the plasma ring cross section and is parallel to the central axis z2 of the plasma ring. The minor radius refers to the maximum distance between the reference axis z3 and the outer edge of the plasma ring in the direction perpendicular to the central axis z2 (such as the x direction).

[0058] The cross-sectional parameters of the plasma ring may also include an elongation ratio k and a triangular variable parameter δ. The elongation ratio may reflect the situation in which the plasma ring is elongated in the vertical direction (y direction), and the vertical elongation is conducive to the increase of the specific pressure value, which refers to the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic field pressure. The triangular variable parameter may reflect the situation in which the plasma ring undergoes a triangular deformation, and the triangular deformation is conducive to the stability of the plasma. Half of the maximum distance of the plasma ring in its axial direction (such as the y direction) may be b, and the elongation ratio k of the plasma ring is k=b / a. In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction (such as the x direction), the distance between the highest point or the lowest point of the plasma ring and the reference axis z3 may be △, and the triangular variable parameter δ=Δ / a.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the plasma ring is D-shaped, and the cross-sectional shape includes a straight side and an arc side connected, and the straight side faces the inner side of the vacuum chamber of the tokamak device. The plasma ring of this shape generated by the tokamak device is a plasma ring of a regular triangle. If the cross-sectional shape of the plasma ring is a reverse D-shaped shape, so that the straight side of the cross-sectional shape faces the outer side of the vacuum chamber of the tokamak device, the plasma ring is a plasma ring of a negative triangle.

[0060] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction device provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 The figure shows the structure of the remaining part of the nuclear fusion reaction device after it is cut by a plane. Figure 4 for Figure 3 The cross-sectional diagram of the nuclear fusion reaction device shown in Figure 1 is shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The nuclear fusion reaction device 30 includes: a vacuum chamber 301 and a magnet, wherein the magnet includes a plurality of first coils 302 , a plurality of second coils 303 and a plurality of third coils 304 . Figure 3 and Figure 4 The number and position of the first coil 302 , the second coil 303 , and the third coil 304 are merely illustrative, and the actual number and position of the coils may be different from the illustration.

[0061] The vacuum chamber 301 is annular and is used to accommodate plasma. The vacuum chamber 301 may also be called a plasma chamber. The cross section may be a plane where the central axis of the vacuum chamber 301 is located. The outer wall of the vacuum chamber 301 may include an inner annular surface M1 and an outer annular surface M2 connected to each other. The outer annular surface M2 surrounds the inner annular surface M1, and the inner annular surface M1 may protrude toward the central axis z of the vacuum chamber 301. The vacuum chamber 301 may be symmetrical about a reference plane C, which is a plane perpendicular to the central axis z. The reference plane C may pass through the point on the inner annular surface M1 that is closest to the central axis z. In some embodiments, the vacuum chamber 301 may not be symmetrical about the reference plane C.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, the outer annular surface of the vacuum chamber 301 is roughly flat as an example. Accordingly, the axial space of the vacuum chamber 301 gradually increases along the direction from the central axis z of the vacuum chamber 301 to the outer edge, and the vacuum chamber 301 is an annular structure with a concave center and convex surroundings. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the vacuum chamber 301 can be an inverted D-shape or a triangle. In the embodiment of the present application, the cross-sectional shape is a triangle, such as a rounded isosceles triangle. It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape only needs to be roughly in the inverted D-shape or triangle, and does not have to be a standard inverted D-shape or triangle.

[0063] In some embodiments, the outer annular surface M2 of the vacuum chamber 301 may also protrude in a direction away from the central axis z of the vacuum chamber 301 , but this implementation is not illustrated in the embodiments of the present application.

[0064] The vacuum chamber 301 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 surrounds the plurality of first coils 302, and at least some of the plurality of first coils 302 extend along the circumferential direction of the inner annular surface M1 and are arranged sequentially in the axial direction (such as the y direction) of the vacuum chamber 301. At least some of the first coils 302 can be evenly arranged in the y direction. Figure 3 and Figure 4 For example, all the first coils 302 extend along the circumferential direction of the inner annular surface M1 , that is, are arranged in a row along the inner annular surface M1 .

[0065] In some embodiments, in addition to Figure 3 In addition to the first coil 302 shown in the figure, the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may also include an additional first coil 302. The first coil 302 may also be called an ohmic coil or a central solenoid. In some embodiments, the multiple first coils 302 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may also be symmetrical about the reference plane. The multiple first coils 302 may also not be symmetrical about the reference plane, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0066] The multiple second coils 303 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 surround the vacuum chamber 301. The multiple second coils 303 extend along the circumference of the outer annular surface M2 and are arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber 301. The multiple second coils 303 can uniformly surround the vacuum chamber 301 laterally. The second coil 303 is also a polar magnetic field coil. In some embodiments, the multiple second coils 303 may also be symmetrical about the reference plane. The multiple second coils 303 may also not be symmetrical about the reference plane, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0067] The multiple third coils 304 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 all surround the vacuum chamber 301 and are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the vacuum chamber 301. The annular surface of each third coil 304 is parallel to the central axis z of the vacuum chamber 301. The third coil 304 is also a toroidal magnetic field coil. The multiple third coils 304 can uniformly surround the vacuum chamber 301 longitudinally. The multiple third coils 304 are used to generate a toroidal magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 301. The triangular shape of the third coil 304 changes direction to a negative direction, and the negative direction refers to the direction from the central axis z of the vacuum chamber 301 to the edge. In one embodiment, the shape of the third coil 304 can match the shape of the vacuum chamber 301, and the third coil 304 can be in a reverse D shape or a triangle.

[0068] The magnet (including the first coil 302, the second coil 303 and the third coil 304) in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 is used to generate a magnetic field, so that plasma is generated in the vacuum chamber 301, and the plasma can be constrained to form a plasma ring, and the shape and position of the plasma ring can also be controlled. By adjusting the current on the magnet, a force can be applied to the plasma in the vacuum chamber 301 to push the plasma into a desired shape and move it to a set position, thereby generating a negative triangle-shaped plasma ring and generating a fusion reaction. In some embodiments, the magnet can be made of a superconducting coil, which can achieve zero resistance at low temperatures, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the magnetic field.

[0069] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the state of another nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a nuclear fusion reaction device during a nuclear fusion reaction provided by another embodiment of the present application. Figures 5 to 9The generation and deformation process of plasma ring in nuclear fusion reaction device is introduced, and Figures 5 to 9 Only the cross section of the structure on the right side of the central axis z of the nuclear fusion reaction device (including the vacuum chamber 301, the first coil 302 and the second coil 303) is illustrated.

[0070] For example, current may be transmitted to the plurality of third coils 304 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 to generate a toroidal magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 301. Figure 5 As shown, two first coils 302 and two second coils 303 ( Figure 5 The coil (enclosed in the middle) transmits current to form two magnetic zero points in the two end spaces of the vacuum chamber 301 in the axial direction. Figure 6 As shown, two plasma rings can be generated at the two magnetic zero points. Then, current can be transmitted to each first coil 302 and each second coil 303 in sequence from the two ends to the middle of the axial direction to drive the two plasma rings to move toward the equatorial plane of the vacuum chamber 301 (as shown in FIG. Figure 7 The equatorial plane and the reference plane may be the same plane. Then, based on the parameters of the plasma ring, the current transmitted to each first coil 302 and each second coil 303 may be adjusted so that the two plasma rings merge into a negative triangle plasma ring (such as Figure 8 The current transmitted to each first coil 302 and each second coil 303 is continuously adjusted to continue to push the plasma ring closer to the central axis z of the vacuum chamber 301 (as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the large radius of the plasma ring is reduced and the volume is shrunk. In the process of plasma ring fusion and contraction, a large amount of heat energy can be released to heat the plasma to the fusion temperature, so that the plasma produces a fusion reaction.

[0071] Compared with the traditional positive triangle change, the negative triangle change plasma ring can effectively increase the area of ​​the magnetic field line region with good curvature inside, greatly reduce the boundary turbulence of the plasma ring, and suppress the microscopic instability of the ion scale (such as the captured electron mode); accordingly, the interaction between the plasma and the wall of the vacuum chamber is also reduced, which can effectively reduce the risk of wall damage. In addition, the electron temperature and density perturbations in the core area of ​​the negative triangle change plasma ring can be low, which can significantly improve the energy confinement time. And in the case of a negative triangle change plasma ring, the nuclear fusion reaction device discharges in a low-confinement operation mode (low-confinement mode, L mode), and can achieve a higher normalized specific pressure value and a confinement performance equivalent to a high-confinement operation mode (high-confinement mode, H mode), and there is no occurrence of boundary localized mode, which can improve the stability of fusion plasma. The negative triangle change plasma ring can also achieve a higher normalized specific pressure value, making the magnetic field energy utilization rate higher and more conducive to achieving net energy output.

[0072] In the related art, two induction coils are arranged in a vacuum chamber, and a large induction voltage is transmitted to the induction coils to generate a plasma ring. Since the induction coils are located in the vacuum chamber, they are more likely to interact with the plasma and be damaged in the case of such interaction.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, a first coil 302 arranged outside the vacuum chamber is used in conjunction with a second coil 303 to generate a plasma ring at the double magnetic zero point in the vacuum chamber 301, without the need to set an induction coil inside the vacuum chamber 301 to generate the plasma ring. In this way, the coil used to generate the plasma ring is far away from the plasma, which can avoid damage caused by interaction with the plasma. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the volume of the plasma ring will be reduced to a certain extent during the movement and fusion of the plasma ring toward the equatorial plane of the vacuum chamber 301, which is more conducive to the release of heat energy, so it is easier to heat the plasma to the fusion temperature, reducing the difficulty of triggering the fusion reaction.

[0074] For a conventional nuclear fusion reaction device with a positive D-shaped cross section, if the nuclear fusion reaction device is to produce a negative triangular plasma ring, a very large current needs to be transmitted to the central solenoid to apply enough force to the plasma to cause the negative triangular change. This will cause a large current loss, and the efficiency of generating a negative triangular plasma ring is low. In addition, since it is difficult to achieve stability control of the magnetic field when using an excessively large current to generate a magnetic field, the stability of the plasma ring control is poor, and the stability of the fusion plasma is correspondingly poor.

[0075] The first coil 302 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 of the embodiment of the present application is close to the plasma ring of the negative triangle change, so only a small current can be input to the first coil 302 to apply the force required for the negative triangle change to the plasma ring, thereby reducing the current loss and improving the efficiency of generating the plasma ring of the negative triangle change. Since the control of the lower current can be more stable, the accuracy and stability of the control of the plasma ring of the negative triangle change can be improved, and the stability of the fusion plasma can be improved accordingly. The nuclear fusion reaction device 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application is more suitable for the requirements of future fusion reactors.

[0076] In addition, the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application can also suppress the instability of plasma in the vertical direction. In the traditional nuclear fusion reaction device with a positive D-shaped cross-section, the plasma ring is attracted and elongated in the vertical direction. Each central solenoid is only arranged in a row along the vertical direction. If the coil current on the upper or lower side is slightly unstable, the plasma will move rapidly to that side as a whole, and then the plasma may hit the wall of the vacuum chamber, causing damage to the nuclear fusion reaction device. In the embodiment of the present application, each first coil is distributed along the inner annular surface of the vacuum chamber as a whole, and each first coil can apply a certain upward force to the plasma. Even if the force generated by one coil is unstable, the plasma will be pushed by the force generated by other coils and cannot slide down, thereby ensuring the stability of the fusion plasma.

[0077] In one embodiment, in addition to the first coil 302, the space surrounded by the vacuum chamber 301 can also be installed with a coil support structure and accommodate a power connector derived from the coil. Based on the structural design of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 in the embodiment of the present application, the volume of the space surrounded by the vacuum chamber can be greatly expanded relative to the traditional nuclear fusion reaction device, so that more coils with larger radii can be accommodated in the space, ensuring that the coil can generate a larger magnetic flux. In addition, there is more space to install the coil support structure and accommodate the power connector derived from the coil, so the setting of the coil can be more stable, and the power connector can also be set more firmly, improving the reliability of the coil. The constraints on the central column of the traditional nuclear fusion reaction device can be greatly alleviated.

[0078] The embodiment of the present application provides a nuclear fusion reaction device with a low annular ratio. The annular ratio of the vacuum chamber 301 of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may be less than 3.

[0079] The above description takes the example that the vacuum chamber 301 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 only surrounds a plurality of first coils 302, and the plurality of first coils 302 are arranged along the inner annular surface M1 of the vacuum chamber 301 and are arranged in only one row. Other possible implementation methods of the coils in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0080] In one embodiment, among the multiple first coils 302 of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30, at least one first coil 302 surrounds another first coil 302. For example, Fig.10 is a schematic structural diagram of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided in one embodiment of the present application, and Fig.10 The figure shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction device. Fig.10 As shown, in Figure 4 On the basis of, the number of first coils 302 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 can be greater. Fig.10 In Figure 4 On the basis of the reference plane C, three additional first coils 302 are provided on each side, that is, Fig.10 The first coil 302 is in the dashed box. Figure 4 The original first coil 302 can surround the newly added first coil 302. Among the newly added first coils 302, one first coil 302 surrounds the other first coil 302 in the two first coils 302 at the top.

[0081] Fig.10 This is just an example. Figure 4 The number of the first coils 302 newly added on the basis of can be 1, 2, 3 or any other accommodating number. Fig.10 Take the example that the number of first coils 302 on both sides of the reference plane C is the same and the arrangement is symmetrical. In one implementation, the number of first coils 302 on both sides of the reference plane C may be different and the arrangement may be asymmetrical.

[0082] In one embodiment, among the multiple first coils 302 of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30, at least three first coils 302 located on one side of the reference plane C are arranged in a triangle. Fig.10 , there are 6 first coils 302 arranged in a triangle on each side of the reference plane C. In the embodiment of the present application, there may be at least three first coils 302 arranged in a triangle on each side of the reference plane C, or there may be at least three first coils 302 arranged in a triangle on only one side of the reference plane C.

[0083] Fig.11 is a structural schematic diagram of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction device provided by another embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 It can be a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction device. Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may further include a plurality of fourth coils 305. The plurality of fourth coils 305 are surrounded by the vacuum chamber 301 and are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber 301. At least one fourth coil 305 is surrounded by the plurality of first coils 302 of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30. Fig.12 As shown, the three fourth coils 305 at the top and the three fourth coils 305 at the bottom of the plurality of fourth coils 305 may be surrounded by the first coil 302. In one embodiment, the absolute value of the difference between the diameters of any two fourth coils 305 may be less than the length threshold, such as the sizes of the fourth coils 305 are the same. The fourth coil 305 and the first coil 302 may have the same function.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present application, changes can be made based on the partial structure of the nuclear fusion reaction device in the related art to obtain the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application. For example, the fourth coil 305 can be the central solenoid in a traditional nuclear fusion reaction device with a vacuum chamber cross-section in a regular D shape, and the plurality of fourth coils 305 together constitute the central column of the traditional nuclear fusion reaction device. A plurality of first coils 302 can be added on the basis of the central column of the traditional nuclear fusion reaction device to obtain the coil surrounded by the vacuum chamber 301 in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 of the embodiment of the present application. For example, the added plurality of first coils 302 include Fig.12 The first coil 302 in the middle dotted frame is arranged in a triangle.

[0085] In one embodiment, part of the fourth coil 305 originally included in the central column may be removed, and multiple first coils 302 may be added on this basis. The added multiple first coils 302 may not need to be symmetrical about the reference plane.

[0086] In one embodiment, Fig.12 On the basis of Fig.12 The first coils 302 at the top and bottom that are not in the dotted-line frame also surround other first coils 302 .

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, the central axes of the coils in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may coincide with each other, and may also coincide with the central axis z of the vacuum chamber 301 .

[0088] Fig.13 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another nuclear fusion reaction device provided by another embodiment of the present application. Fig.13 As shown, in any of the above-mentioned nuclear fusion reaction devices (with Figure 3Based on the nuclear fusion reaction device shown in FIG. 30 as an example, the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 further includes a divertor 306, which is located at the junction of the inner annular surface M1 and the outer annular surface M2 of the vacuum chamber 301. The divertor 306 is used to remove waste (such as helium ash) generated by fusion and impurities introduced from the plasma. Fig.13 Take the divertor 306 located at the junction area at the bottom of the vacuum chamber 301 as an example. In some implementations, a divertor may also be provided at the junction area between the inner annular surface M1 and the outer annular surface M2 at the top of the vacuum chamber 301. In this case, the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may include two divertors. In some implementations, the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may also only include a divertor provided at the top of the vacuum chamber 301.

[0089] The weak field side of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 is the side farther from the center axis z of the vacuum chamber 301, and the strong field side is the side closer to the center axis z of the vacuum chamber 301. Compared with the conventional nuclear fusion reaction device, in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 of the embodiment of the present application, since the magnetic zero point is closer to the weak field side of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30, the impact point of the plasma is closer to the weak field side, and accordingly the large radius of the impact point can be significantly increased, and the divertor 306 can also be closer to the weak field side. In this way, the radius of the divertor 306 target plate is larger, so that the wetted area of ​​the divertor 306 target plate (i.e., the effective heat bearing area of ​​the target plate) is larger, which can reduce the heat load of the divertor 306.

[0090] Please continue to refer to Fig.13 The nuclear fusion reaction device 30 further includes an air pump 307, which can be connected to the divertor 306. The position of the air pump 307 can be determined based on the position of the divertor 306, such as Fig.13 As shown, the vacuum pump 307 is located at the bottom of the vacuum chamber 301. If the divertor 306 is located at the top of the vacuum chamber 301, the vacuum pump 307 can also be located at the top of the vacuum chamber 301 accordingly. The vacuum pump 307 is used to exhaust the gas in the vacuum chamber 301 to maintain a high vacuum environment. The vacuum pump 307 can be a pump group composed of multiple pumps, such as the vacuum pump 307 includes a molecular pump, a mechanical pump and an ion pump, so as to provide a sufficient pumping rate.

[0091] The nuclear fusion reaction device 30 may also include an intake valve assembly (not shown). The intake valve assembly connects the inside and outside of the vacuum chamber 301 and is used to control the rate and type of fusion fuel gas entering the vacuum chamber 301. By adjusting the intake valve assembly, the composition and density of the plasma can be adjusted. The fusion fuel gas transmitted by the intake valve assembly can be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0092] In summary, in the nuclear fusion reaction device provided by the present application, the inner ring surface of the outer wall of the vacuum chamber protrudes toward the central axis of the vacuum chamber, the first coil extends along the circumferential direction of the inner ring surface and is arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber, and the magnetic field generated by the first coil and the second coil causes a negative triangle-changing plasma ring to be generated in the vacuum chamber and a fusion reaction to occur. In this way, the first coil is closer to the negative triangle-changing plasma ring, so only a small current can be input to the first coil to apply the force required for the negative triangle change to the plasma ring, thereby reducing current loss and improving the generation efficiency of the negative triangle-changing plasma ring. Since the control of lower currents can be more stable, the accuracy and stability of controlling the negative triangle-changing plasma ring can be improved, and the stability of the fusion plasma can be improved accordingly.

[0093] A nuclear fusion reaction system is also provided in an embodiment of the present application. The nuclear fusion reaction system, in addition to including the above-mentioned nuclear fusion reaction device 30, may also include a magnet power supply, a plasma diagnostic unit and a control unit.

[0094] The magnet power supply is used to provide the electrical energy required by the magnets in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30. The magnet power supply is connected to the coils (such as the first coil 302, the second coil 303, the third coil 304 and the fourth coil 305) in the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 to transmit current to each coil.

[0095] The plasma diagnostic unit is used to detect the parameters of the plasma in the vacuum chamber 301 of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30. The plasma diagnostic unit may include a microwave interferometer, a Langmuir probe, a magnetic probe, and a variety of radiation diagnostic (such as hard X-ray, soft X-ray, AXUV) units, etc. The acquired parameters may include the density, temperature, doped impurities, and magnetic field information of the plasma, etc.

[0096] The control unit is used to adjust the current transmitted to each coil based on the parameter. The control unit can also be called a control and data acquisition system, which is used to control the density, temperature, shape and other parameters of the plasma in real time, and record various operating data of the nuclear fusion reaction device 30. The control unit can use advanced real-time feedback control algorithms to accurately control the parameters of the plasma.

[0097] The present application also provides a nuclear fusion reaction method, which can be applied to any of the above-mentioned nuclear fusion reaction systems. Figures 5 to 9 The relevant introductions are for mutual reference. Fig.14 1 is a flow chart of a nuclear fusion method provided in one embodiment of the present application, such as the method can be executed by the above control unit. Fig.14 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0098] Step 402: Start the vacuum pump in the nuclear fusion reaction system to exhaust the gas in the vacuum chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device in the nuclear fusion reaction system.

[0099] Before step 402, preparation work may be performed to ensure that the nuclear fusion reaction device 30 and other related equipment are in good condition, and necessary maintenance and repair may be performed, for example, to check whether the vacuum chamber, magnet, magnet power supply, divertor, vacuum pump, inlet valve assembly, plasma diagnostic unit and control unit can operate normally.

[0100] Step 402 may be used to create a vacuum environment, exhaust the gas in the vacuum chamber, and ensure that the interior of the vacuum chamber reaches a desired high vacuum environment.

[0101] Step 404: Start the magnet power supply in the nuclear fusion reaction system to transmit current to the multiple third coils in the nuclear fusion reaction device, so as to generate a toroidal magnetic field in the vacuum chamber.

[0102] In step 404, magnetic field configuration may be performed to enable the superconducting coil to start working and generate a toroidal magnetic field at the magnetic axis of the nuclear fusion reactor.

[0103] Step 406: Control the air inlet valve in the nuclear fusion reaction device to inject fusion fuel gas into the vacuum chamber.

[0104] In step 406, gas injection may be performed, such as starting a millisecond pulse gas inlet valve to inject an appropriate amount of high-purity fusion fuel gas into the vacuum chamber. For example, the fusion fuel gas may include hydrogen or deuterium.

[0105] Step 408, controlling the magnet power supply to transmit current to the first coil and the second coil located at the two ends of the vacuum chamber in the axial direction in the nuclear fusion reaction device, so that two magnetic zero points are formed at the two ends of the vacuum chamber in the axial direction, and two plasma rings are generated at the two magnetic zero points.

[0106] For example, you can refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the first coil 302 and the second coil 303 can be charged to generate two plasma rings at the double magnetic zero points at the top and bottom of the vacuum chamber 301.

[0107] Step 410: Control the magnet power supply to transmit current to each first coil and each second coil in sequence from both ends to the middle of the axial direction.

[0108] For example, you can refer to Figures 7 to 9, fusion compression of the plasma ring can be performed in step 410. The magnet power supply can transmit current to multiple groups of first coils and multiple groups of second coils in sequence to drive the two plasma rings to move toward the equatorial plane and fuse into a plasma current ring. Each group of first coils includes two first coils that are symmetrical about the reference plane, and each group of second coils includes two second coils that are symmetrical about the reference plane. Large-scale magnetic reconnection occurs in this process, and magnetic energy can be converted into the internal energy of plasma. The plasma is heated to the fusion temperature, and a fusion reaction is generated. In some embodiments, if the first coil and the second coil are not symmetrical about the reference plane, each group of first coils may include at least two first coils respectively located on both sides of the reference plane, and each group of second coils may include at least two second coils respectively located on both sides of the reference plane.

[0109] Step 412: Based on the parameters detected by the plasma diagnostic unit in the nuclear fusion reaction system, adjust the current transmitted by the magnet power supply to each first coil and each second coil, so that the two plasma rings are merged into a negative triangle plasma ring, and the plasma in the plasma ring is heated to the fusion temperature to produce a fusion reaction.

[0110] Step 412 is to monitor and control the plasma parameters. In this step, the plasma diagnostic unit can be used to monitor the density, temperature, doped impurities and magnetic field information of the plasma in real time. According to the monitoring results, the currents of the multiple groups of first coils and the multiple groups of second coils are adjusted in real time to accurately control the shape and position of the plasma.

[0111] In the nuclear fusion reaction method provided in the embodiment of the present application, a first coil arranged outside the vacuum chamber is used in conjunction with a second coil 303 to generate a plasma ring at the double magnetic zero point in the vacuum chamber, without the need to set an induction coil inside the vacuum chamber to generate the plasma ring. In this way, the distance between the coil used to generate the plasma ring and the plasma is relatively far, which can avoid damage caused by interaction with the plasma. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, during the process of the plasma ring moving toward the equatorial plane of the vacuum chamber and merging, as Fig. 9 As shown, the maximum radius of the plasma ring will decrease, and correspondingly the volume of the plasma ring will decrease to a certain extent, which is more conducive to the release of heat energy, so it is easier to heat the plasma to the fusion temperature and reduce the difficulty of triggering the fusion reaction.

[0112] The above describes specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0113] Those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present application. In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis, and for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0114] The preferred embodiments of the present application disclosed above are only used to help explain the present application. The optional embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the present application to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of the present application. The present application selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present application well.

Claims

1. A nuclear fusion reaction device, characterized in that: The nuclear fusion reaction device comprises: an annular vacuum chamber, a plurality of first coils, a plurality of second coils and a plurality of third coils; The outer wall of the vacuum chamber comprises an inner annular surface and an outer annular surface connected to each other, the outer annular surface surrounds the inner annular surface, and the inner annular surface protrudes toward the central axis of the vacuum chamber; The vacuum chamber surrounds the plurality of first coils, at least some of the plurality of first coils extend along the circumferential direction of the inner annular surface, and are arranged sequentially in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber; The plurality of second coils surround the vacuum chamber, the plurality of second coils extend along the circumferential direction of the outer annular surface, and are arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the vacuum chamber; The plurality of third coils all surround the vacuum chamber and are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the vacuum chamber; The plurality of first coils, the plurality of second coils and the plurality of third coils are used to generate a magnetic field, so that a negative triangular plasma ring is generated in the vacuum chamber and a fusion reaction occurs.

2. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial space of the vacuum chamber gradually increases along the direction from the central axis to the outer edge of the vacuum chamber.

3. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-section of the vacuum chamber is in an inverted D-shape or a triangle, and the cross-section is a plane where the central axis of the vacuum chamber is located.

4. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third coil is in an inverted D shape or a triangle shape.

5. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: At least one first coil among the plurality of first coils surrounds another first coil.

6. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to claim 5, characterized in that: At least three first coils located on one side of a reference plane are arranged in a triangle, and the reference plane is perpendicular to the axial direction of the vacuum chamber.

7. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The nuclear fusion reaction device further includes a plurality of fourth coils; The plurality of fourth coils are surrounded by the vacuum chamber and are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber, and at least one of the fourth coils is surrounded by the plurality of first coils.

8. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The vacuum chamber has an annular diameter ratio of less than 3.

9. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The nuclear fusion reaction device further includes a divertor, which is located at a junction area between the inner annular surface and the outer annular surface of the vacuum chamber.

10. The nuclear fusion reaction device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The nuclear fusion reaction device also includes an air pump connected to the divertor.

11. A nuclear fusion reaction system, characterized in that: The nuclear fusion reaction system comprises: the nuclear fusion reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, as well as a magnet power supply, a plasma diagnostic unit and a control unit; The magnet power supply is connected to the coil in the nuclear fusion reaction device and is used to transmit current to the coil; The plasma diagnostic unit is used to detect the parameters of the plasma in the vacuum chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device; The control unit is configured to adjust the current transmitted to the coil based on the parameter.

12. A nuclear fusion reaction method, characterized in that: Applied to the nuclear fusion reaction system of claim 11, the method comprises: Starting an exhaust pump in the nuclear fusion reaction system to exhaust the gas in the vacuum chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device in the nuclear fusion reaction system; Starting a magnet power supply in the nuclear fusion reaction system to transmit current to a plurality of third coils in the nuclear fusion reaction device, so as to generate a toroidal magnetic field in the vacuum chamber; Controlling the air inlet valve in the nuclear fusion reaction device to inject fusion fuel gas into the vacuum chamber; Controlling the magnet power supply to transmit current to the first coil and the second coil located at two ends of the vacuum chamber in the axial direction in the nuclear fusion reaction device, so that two magnetic zero points are formed at two ends of the vacuum chamber in the axial direction, and two plasma rings are generated at the two magnetic zero points; Controlling the magnet power supply to transmit current to each first coil and each second coil in sequence from both ends to the middle along the axial direction; Based on the parameters detected by the plasma diagnostic unit in the nuclear fusion reaction system, the current transmitted by the magnet power supply to each first coil and each second coil is adjusted to make the two plasma rings fuse into a negative triangle-shaped plasma ring, and the plasma in the plasma ring is heated to the fusion temperature to produce a fusion reaction.

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