MW-level fuel cell heat and power cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system and refrigeration and heat dissipation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an MW-grade fuel cell heat and power cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system, which comprises a fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system, one side of the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system is connected with a hydrogen inlet, an air inlet and a cooling water inlet, and the bottom of the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system is provided with a cooling water outlet and a cathode water outlet. The cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet are connected through a cooling water pipe; the cooling water pipe is positioned in the fuel cell cogeneration system; the cooling water outlet and the cathode water outlet are connected with the inlet end of the three-way valve, the first outlet end of the three-way valve is connected with the user side, the second outlet end of the three-way valve is connected with the water inlet of the water storage tank, and the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the waste heat refrigerating device. A water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device is connected with the water curtain heat dissipation device, the box type spray heat dissipation device and the computing power center. According to the invention, efficient heat management and water resource recycling of the MW-grade proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of integrated utilization of fuel cells and cogeneration systems, and specifically relates to a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system, and also relates to a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation method. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion technology that has been widely used in many fields, such as automobiles, power tools, portable power supplies, backup power supplies, etc. However, with the increasing demand for larger-scale and high-power applications, the application scope of PEMFC has gradually expanded to MW-level combined heat and power (CHP) systems. These systems generate a large amount of heat and water resources while generating electricity. The management and utilization of these byproducts have become key factors affecting the overall efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0003] In the existing MW-level CHP system, although the efficient conversion of fuel cell power generation can be achieved, the management and utilization of heat and water resources generated during system operation are relatively extensive. This practice not only reduces the overall energy utilization rate of the system, but also may cause a series of problems such as equipment overheating and resource waste, thus affecting the life and operation efficiency of the system.

[0004] In the existing technology, heat management and water resource utilization have always been the difficulties in the design of proton exchange membrane fuel cell CHP system. In complex practical application scenarios, such as high temperature and high humidity environments, the existing heat dissipation and water management systems are often difficult to cope with, resulting in unstable system operation or even failure. Therefore, how to effectively manage and utilize these heat and water resources has become the key to improving the overall performance of MW-level CHP systems.

[0005] The difficulties and pain points of existing technologies in thermal management are mainly the following: (1) Inadequate heat management.

[0006] The thermal management of PEM fuel cell containers faces dual challenges: the combined effect of external high temperature and operating heat generation can easily cause thermal runaway of the system. How to reasonably control the internal temperature of the container so that the fuel cell system is not prone to thermal runaway is a difficult design point.

[0007] The existing air cooling system is subject to the constraints of ambient temperature and air velocity, and the heat dissipation efficiency is significantly reduced under high temperature conditions; although the liquid cooling system improves the heat transfer efficiency, it has technical defects such as water temperature fluctuations and unstable flow in complex environments, and lacks effective heat recovery and utilization methods, and has not fully utilized the potential of thermal energy. Both cooling methods are difficult to take into account the stable temperature control and comprehensive utilization of thermal energy requirements of high-power systems, becoming a key bottleneck restricting the improvement of system energy efficiency.

[0008] (2) Cathode water management issues.

[0009] During the reaction process, proton exchange membrane fuel cells produce a large amount of water on the cathode side, which is usually at a high temperature of 60°C to 90°C. If not properly managed and utilized, it will not only waste precious water resources, but may also have an adverse effect on the stable operation of the system. Existing water management methods are mostly simple discharge or evaporation, which not only wastes the thermal energy of high-temperature water, but may also cause water accumulation on the cathode side, further increasing the risk of system failure.

[0010] The accumulation of cathode water will cause the internal pressure of the fuel cell to increase, affecting the circulation of the reaction gas, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. In addition, too much water may also cause condensation problems within the system, increase the risk of corrosion of battery components, and shorten the service life of the system. Therefore, how to effectively manage cathode water, prevent its accumulation inside the system, and utilize its thermal energy has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved in the design. For example, the utility model patent with publication number CN218763633U, publication date March 28, 2023, and patent name "A Fuel Cell Cogeneration Heating and Thermal Management System" is essentially a method for managing fuel cell thermal energy and electrical energy, and does not involve the use of heat from high-temperature water generated during the combustion process of the fuel cell.

[0011] (3) Insufficient waste heat cooling.

[0012] In some special application scenarios, such as computing centers and other places that require a lot of heat dissipation, the existing CHP system often only focuses on the recovery and simple use of heat energy, but ignores the potential of waste heat cooling. The computing center generates a lot of heat during high-intensity computing. The existing heat dissipation method usually uses an independent air conditioning system for cooling, and this part of the heat is not effectively utilized.

[0013] Waste heat refrigeration technology can use excess heat in the CHP system for cooling, but the application of this technology is not common in existing CHP systems. Traditional cooling systems are often simple in design and cannot cope with complex heat requirements, especially in high temperature environments, and the cooling effect is limited. Therefore, how to effectively integrate waste heat refrigeration technology into the CHP system to both meet the system's own heat dissipation needs and provide cooling support for external equipment is an important pain point in the prior art. For example, the publication number is CN219979607U, the publication date is November 7, 2023, and the patent name is "A Small Fuel Cell Cogeneration Heat Management System". Its essence is the management and utilization of internal heat in the fuel cell, and does not involve using it for refrigeration.

[0014] (4) Complexity of system integration.

[0015] In the existing CHP system design, heat management, water resource utilization and refrigeration systems are often relatively independent parts, lacking a comprehensive management solution. This design leads to the complexity of system integration and increases the difficulty of maintenance and management. In actual operation, the coordination of various parts of the system is insufficient, and improper management of heat and water resources often occurs, affecting the overall performance of the system.

[0016] For example, if the management of cooling water circuits and cathode water cannot be effectively coordinated, it may lead to uneven heat distribution within the system, or even cause local overheating or water waste. In addition, existing waste heat recovery and refrigeration systems are usually designed with a single function and cannot cope with multi-scenario and multi-demand application environments. This design limitation makes the system's scalability and adaptability poor, and it cannot meet the special needs of different application scenarios.

[0017] In summary, the existing MW-level proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system has many difficulties and pain points in terms of heat management, water resource utilization and system integration. These problems not only affect the overall efficiency and reliability of the system, but also limit its promotion and application in a wider range of application scenarios. In order to solve these problems, a comprehensive solution that can effectively manage heat and water resources is urgently needed to improve the overall performance and adaptability of the system, thereby promoting the further development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology. Summary of the invention

[0018] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a MW-level fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system to solve the problems of insufficient heat management, cathode water waste, insufficient waste heat refrigeration and complex system integration in the existing MW-level proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system.

[0019] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a MW-level fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system, including a fuel cell cogeneration system, one side of the fuel cell cogeneration system is connected with a hydrogen inlet, an air inlet and a cooling water inlet, and the bottom of the fuel cell cogeneration system is provided with a cooling water outlet and a cathode water outlet, and the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet are connected by a cooling water pipe, and the cooling water pipe is located in the fuel cell cogeneration system; the cooling water outlet and the cathode water outlet are connected to the inlet end of the three-way valve, the first outlet end of the three-way valve is connected to the user end, and the second outlet end of the three-way valve is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank, and the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat refrigeration device, and the water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device is respectively connected to the water curtain heat dissipation device, the box-type spray heat dissipation device and the computing power center; the water curtain heat dissipation device and the box-type spray heat dissipation device are connected to the fuel cell cogeneration system, and the other side of the fuel cell cogeneration system is electrically connected to the power end and the computing power center through the power conversion system.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention also has the following characteristics: The three-way valve is an electromagnetic three-way valve.

[0021] It also includes a PLC controller, which is connected to a flow meter, a waste heat refrigeration device, a three-way valve, a system temperature sensor and an ambient temperature sensor. The flow meter is installed at the first outlet end of the three-way valve, and the system temperature sensor is arranged in the fuel cell cogeneration system.

[0022] A liquid level gauge is arranged inside the water storage tank, and a drain valve is arranged on the side of the water storage tank.

[0023] The waste heat refrigeration device comprises a generator, a condenser, a heat exchanger, an absorber, an evaporator and a cooling tower; a first heat exchange tube and a dilute lithium bromide solution filled on the outside of the first heat exchange tube are arranged in the generator; a liquid outlet at the bottom of the generator is connected to a first inlet of the heat exchanger, the first outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a liquid inlet of the absorber, a second heat exchange tube is arranged in the absorber, a liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorber is connected to a second inlet of the heat exchanger through a solution pump, and the second outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a liquid inlet at the top of the generator; a liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorber is connected to a second inlet of the heat exchanger through a solution pump, and a liquid outlet at the second outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a liquid inlet at the top of the generator; a liquid outlet at the generator side is connected to a liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorber; a liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorber is connected to a second inlet of the heat exchanger through a solution pump, and a liquid outlet at the second outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a liquid inlet at the top of the generator; a liquid outlet at the bottom of the generator ... The air outlet of the part is connected with the air inlet of the condenser, and a third heat exchange tube is arranged in the condenser; the water outlet of the cooling tower is connected with the water inlet of the second heat exchange tube and the third heat exchange tube, the water outlet of the second heat exchange tube and the third heat exchange tube is connected with the water inlet of the cooling tower, the water inlet of the first heat exchange tube is connected with the water outlet of the water storage tank, and the water outlet of the first heat exchange tube is connected with the water inlet of the user end and the evaporator; the liquid outlet of the condenser is connected with the liquid inlet of the evaporator, and the water outlet of the evaporator is connected with the water curtain heat dissipation device, the box-type spray heat dissipation device and the computing power center.

[0024] The water curtain heat dissipation device includes a cooling water pipe, a water curtain wall structure and a return pipe; one end of the cooling water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device, and the other end is connected to the water inlet diversion port on the upper side of the water curtain wall structure; one end of the return pipe is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat refrigeration device, and the other end is connected to the return water diversion port on the lower side of the water curtain wall structure.

[0025] The box-type spray heat dissipation device includes a spray cooling main pipeline, a branch pipe network and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle; the water inlet end of the spray cooling main pipeline is connected to the low-temperature water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device, and the water outlet port is connected to multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles through a multi-stage tapered branch pipe network. The multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles are fixed on the inner surface of the container roof of the fuel cell cogeneration system in an equidistant topological arrangement.

[0026] The second object of the present invention is to provide a MW-level fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation method to solve the problems of insufficient heat management, cathode water waste, insufficient waste heat refrigeration and complex system integration in the existing MW-level proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system.

[0027] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a MW-level fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation method, specifically: the high-temperature return water of the cooling water circuit and the cathode circuit converge to the inlet end of the three-way valve, and the outlet end of the three-way valve is divided into two paths as primary hot water, one of which is directly connected to the heating network through the user side branch; the other is connected to the water tank through the water tank branch, which is used for heat exchange with the waste heat refrigeration device; the instantaneous flow of hot water on the user side is monitored in real time by a flow meter, and the return temperature data collected by the temperature sensor is combined to establish a "monitoring-decision-making-regulation" closed-loop link to achieve refined control of cooling water flow and temperature.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system and refrigeration and heat dissipation method of the present invention realizes efficient thermal management and water resource recycling of the MW-class proton exchange membrane fuel cell combined heat and power system by integrating advanced technologies such as dynamic monitoring of overflow heat, water recovery, waste heat refrigeration, box-type spraying and water curtain heat dissipation, and significantly improves the energy efficiency, stability and adaptability of the system. The system performs well in improving equipment operating efficiency, extending service life and reducing environmental impact, providing strong support for the development of clean energy technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a waste heat refrigeration device in a MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a water curtain heat dissipation device in a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a water curtain heat dissipation device in a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 5 It is an assembly side view of a box-type spray heat dissipation device in a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 6 It is an assembly bottom view of a box-type spray heat dissipation device in a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Fuel cell cogeneration system; 2. Ambient temperature sensor, 3. System temperature sensor, 4. Three-way valve, 5. PLC controller, 6. Flow meter, 7. User end, 8. Water storage tank, 9. Liquid level meter, 10. Drain valve, 11. Waste heat refrigeration device, 12. Box-type spray cooling device, 13. Water curtain cooling device, 14. Power conversion system, 15. Computing center, 16. Power end, 17. Generator, 18. Dilute lithium bromide solution, 19. First heat exchange tube, 20. Condenser, 21. Third heat exchange tube, 22. Liquid refrigerant water, 23. cooling tower, 24. throttle valve, 25. sprinkler, 26. evaporator, 27. second heat exchange tube, 28. absorber, 29. solution pump, 30. heat exchanger, 31. lithium bromide concentrated solution, 32. cooling water pipe, 33. water inlet diversion port, 34. water curtain wall structure, 35. return water diversion port, 36. return pipe, 37. spray cooling main pipeline, 38. diversion pipe network, 39. hydrogen inlet, 40. cooling water inlet, 41. cooling water inlet, 42. high-pressure atomizing nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention comprises a fuel cell cogeneration system 1, one side of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 is connected to Figure 5 The hydrogen inlet 39, the air inlet 41 and the cooling water inlet 40 are shown, and the bottom of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 is provided with a cooling water outlet and a cathode water outlet, and the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet are connected by a cooling water pipe, and the cooling water pipe is located in the fuel cell cogeneration system 1; the cooling water outlet and the cathode water outlet are connected to the inlet end of the three-way valve 4 (the three-way valve 4 is an electromagnetic three-way valve), the first outlet end of the three-way valve 4 is connected to the user end 7, the second outlet end of the three-way valve 4 is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank 8, the water outlet of the water storage tank 8 is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat refrigeration device 11, and the water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 is respectively connected to the water curtain heat dissipation device 13, the box-type spray heat dissipation device 12 and the computing center 15; the water curtain heat dissipation device 13 and the box-type spray heat dissipation device 12 are connected to the fuel cell cogeneration system 1, and the other side of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 is electrically connected to the power end 16 and the computing center 15 through the power conversion system 14. It also includes a PLC controller 5, which is connected to a flow meter 6, a waste heat refrigeration device 11, a three-way valve 4, a system temperature sensor 3 and an ambient temperature sensor 2. The flow meter 6 is installed at the first outlet end of the three-way valve 4, and the system temperature sensor 3 is arranged in the fuel cell cogeneration system 1.

[0033] The present invention aims to solve the problem of insufficient thermal management and water resource utilization in the prior art. The system can achieve efficient management of thermal energy and water resources by integrating a variety of advanced technical means, and significantly improve the overall performance and operational stability of the system. The core lies in the organic combination of technologies such as dynamic monitoring and recovery of overflow heat, waste heat refrigeration, and box-type spray / water curtain heat dissipation, so as to achieve the purpose of efficiently recovering and utilizing the heat and water resources generated in the system.

[0034] (1) Water recovery pipeline.

[0035] The water recovery pipeline is designed to solve the water and heat management problems of the PEMFC cooling circuit and cathode circuit, aiming to improve the utilization rate of water resources and ensure the stable operation of the system. The cooling circuit water takes away the system heat in a circulation mode. The cathode side of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 is mainly the water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell. The water output of a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration system is about 500kg / h. The pipeline recovers the high-temperature water generated in the fuel cell cooling circuit and cathode reaction process, sends it to the user side 7 or the water storage tank 8, and cooperates with the waste heat refrigeration device 11 for reuse, avoiding the waste of water resources.

[0036] The water recovery pipeline is installed with collection pipes at the outlet of the cooling circuit and the cathode side, and integrates temperature sensors (±0.5℃ accuracy) and flow meters (±1% accuracy) and temperature sensors to monitor and collect high-temperature liquid water in real time. The other side of the pipeline is connected to the heat overflow dynamic monitoring system to achieve coordinated utilization of thermal energy and water resources through multi-stage processing.

[0037] (2) Heat overflow dynamic monitoring system.

[0038] The overflow heat dynamic monitoring system is a key thermal management module in the present invention. The system can monitor the hot water temperature and residual heat after use by the user in real time, and adaptively adjust the system based on these data.

[0039] The heat overflow dynamic monitoring device consists of a three-way valve 4, a PLC controller 5, a user-side electromagnetic flowmeter 6 (±1% accuracy), a system temperature sensor 3, and an ambient temperature sensor 2 (±0.5℃ accuracy). It achieves a dynamic balance between efficient waste heat recovery and heat supply through intelligent diversion. Its core structure includes: the high-temperature return water (≥75℃) of the cooling water circuit and the cathode circuit converges to the inlet of the three-way valve 4, and the outlet is divided into two routes - as the first-level hot water, the user-side branch is directly connected to the heating network, and the water tank branch is connected to the water tank 8, which is used for heat exchange with the waste heat refrigeration device 11 (efficiency ≥85%). The system monitors the instantaneous flow of hot water on the user side in real time through the flowmeter 6, and combines the return temperature data collected by the temperature sensor to establish a "monitoring-decision-control" closed-loop link to achieve refined control of cooling water flow and temperature.

[0040] The dynamic control logic is based on the decision module of PLC, and the residual heat threshold is calculated through the heat balance formula (Q_residual=Q_initial-(user demand+environmental loss)). When it is detected that the user demand is reduced, the three-way valve 4 gradually switches to the water tank branch to import 75℃ hot water into the water tank 8 for storage; on the contrary, if the flow meter detects a surge in user demand, the three-way valve 4 will preferentially expand the user side channel with a linear opening of 0-100%, and the water tank branch will be shut down synchronously to ensure the instantaneous flow supply of the heating network. This mechanism realizes the dynamic matching of residual heat storage and user demand through vector regulation to avoid redundant heat waste.

[0041] The advantage of the system is that it breaks through the bottleneck of thermal management of traditional CHP systems, and forms an integrated closed loop of "heat dissipation-heat use-heat storage" through real-time data drive, multi-condition collaborative judgment and three-way valve precise control. Compared with the fixed diversion mode, its dynamic response capability can improve the overall thermal efficiency by more than 15% and reduce environmental heat loss by more than 30%, especially under complex working conditions such as heat fluctuations on the user side and sudden changes in ambient temperature, it can still maintain thermal cycle stability. With hardware integration and algorithm optimization as the core, the device provides a highly robust solution for industrial waste heat recovery and regional energy systems.

[0042] (3) Waste heat refrigeration device.

[0043] Combination Figure 2 The waste heat cooling device 11 is an important technical innovation provided in the design of this application for high temperature application scenarios (such as computing center 15). The system converts the waste heat generated in the CHP system into cooling capacity, providing cooling support for equipment that requires a large amount of heat dissipation (such as servers, electronic equipment, etc.), while also providing a more efficient heat dissipation path for the system itself.

[0044] The waste heat refrigeration device 11 of the present invention uses absorption refrigeration technology to transfer waste heat to a refrigerant (such as lithium bromide) to evaporate and absorb heat to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. After the refrigerant evaporates, the generated cold air is transported through pipelines to the area or equipment that needs to be cooled.

[0045] (4) Box-type spray and water curtain cooling system.

[0046] The box-type spray cooling device 12 and the water curtain cooling system 13 constitute a box-type spray and water curtain cooling system, which is intended to achieve temperature control of the entire CHP system through effective water evaporation and cooling means. The system uses cooled water resources to dissipate heat outside the system in the form of spray and water curtain, effectively avoiding the limitations of traditional heat dissipation methods.

[0047] The system of the present invention uses a heat overflow dynamic monitoring system to evaluate the heat load in real time, and combines the PLC control algorithm to start differentiated heat dissipation modes for different heat levels. The specific strategies are as follows: 1. Low heat scenario (heat load < 40%) - only the cooling pad is activated.

[0048] When the system operating temperature is ≤50°C and the cooling water flow rate is lower than the threshold (such as 60% of the total flow rate), it is judged to be in a low load state.

[0049] The cooling water forms a water curtain through the structure of the water curtain heat dissipation device 13 (located at the air inlet of the container air compressor of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1), precooling the ambient air entering the system (the temperature reduction range can reach 5℃-8℃), reducing the air intake temperature of the air compressor and reducing the energy consumption of the compressor. The water curtain water flow rate is controlled at 0.5-1.0 m³ / h to avoid water resource waste.

[0050] Through the pre-cooling air intake structure, the internal heat load of the system is reduced by indirect conduction, and low power consumption and high efficiency temperature control are achieved to indirectly reduce the internal temperature of the system. After the cooling water that has completed the heat exchange converges at the bottom of the water curtain wall, it passes through the return water diversion port and other collecting devices in turn, and returns to the cooling tower 23 of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 through the return pipe for secondary cooling treatment. The treated cooling water is redistributed to the main circuit of the waste heat refrigeration cycle, forming a fully closed water resource circulation system.

[0051] 2. Medium to high heat scenarios (heat load ≥ 40%) - water curtain + mist combined cooling.

[0052] When the system temperature rises above 50°C, it is judged as a medium to high load state.

[0053] Water curtain cooling: The water curtain flow rate at the air inlet is increased to 2.0-3.5 m³ / h, reducing the intake air temperature to below the ambient temperature (ΔT≥10°C), alleviating the impact of external high temperature on the system.

[0054] Spray heat dissipation: Cooling water is atomized into 50-100 μm particles through the top high-pressure atomizing nozzle (pressure ≥ 2.5 MPa), covering the fuel cell power generation unit group and the internal space of the container, and using the latent heat of evaporation (2260 kJ / kg) to quickly absorb heat.

[0055] The top nozzle operates at full power (flow rate ≥ 4.0 m³ / h), combined with forced convection in the internal air duct, to achieve synchronous cooling inside and outside the container (local cooling rate > 5℃ / min).

[0056] The IP67 waterproof design ensures the safety of the equipment. The evaporated water vapor from the spray is recycled for a second time through the condenser 20, maintaining a closed-loop water resource recovery rate of > 90%. The synergistic heat dissipation capacity with the water curtain heat dissipation is greatly improved by 300%, which can cope with sudden high loads or extreme environments.

[0057] The following are the main technical effects of the MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention: Cascade utilization of waste heat: using industrial waste heat (75°C) as the driving heat source, combined with lithium bromide solution circulation to achieve cold energy output, with a comprehensive energy efficiency of >85%.

[0058] Closed-loop water circulation design: hot water and cooling water form a closed loop through independent pipes to reduce dependence on external water sources; water curtain hot water exchange and evaporator spray water mist are recycled through the waste heat refrigeration device, and the water resource utilization rate is >90%.

[0059] Modular control: Real-time monitoring of solution concentration, temperature and flow rate through sensors, dynamic adjustment of hot water input and cooling water distribution ratio to meet different working conditions.

[0060] The introduction of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 enables the present invention to not only efficiently utilize waste heat for heating, but also provide refrigeration support for equipment when needed, greatly improving the flexibility and adaptability of the system.

[0061] The MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Improve thermal management efficiency.

[0062] The heat overflow dynamic monitoring and recovery system of the present application and the box-type spray and water curtain cooling system work together to significantly improve the thermal management efficiency of the system.

[0063] Dynamic balance of heat: By real-time monitoring of the remaining heat after use by users, and dynamically adjusting the system's heat dissipation and heat recovery process according to changes in the environment and load, the system is ensured to maintain a dynamic balance of heat under various working conditions. This will effectively reduce the decline in efficiency and equipment damage caused by overheating, and extend the life of the system.

[0064] Efficient heat dissipation: The box-type spray and water curtain heat dissipation system uses the principle of water evaporation and heat absorption to quickly reduce the system temperature, which is especially suitable for heat dissipation requirements in high-power and complex environments. This design greatly improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the system and ensures that the system can still work stably under high-temperature operating conditions.

[0065] (2) Efficient use of water resources.

[0066] The combination of water recovery and waste heat refrigeration makes full use of the water resources generated during the operation of the system.

[0067] Recycling of water resources: The present invention can collect high-temperature water generated by the fuel cell during operation in real time, use it in the water storage tank 8 and cool it through the waste heat refrigeration device 11. After the cooled water completes the heat dissipation of the system and the cooling of external equipment, the cooling water after heat exchange is transported to the waste heat refrigeration device 11 through multi-stage recovery and diversion for secondary cooling treatment, and finally returns to the main circulation loop to form a closed-loop water resource management system to achieve the reuse of water resources. Reduce condensation and corrosion risks: By effectively managing cathode water, water accumulation inside the system is avoided, thereby reducing condensation and corrosion risks, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0068] (3) Effective utilization of waste heat.

[0069] The waste heat refrigeration device 11 converts the waste heat generated by the system into cooling capacity through absorption refrigeration technology, providing cooling support for equipment in high temperature environments.

[0070] Energy saving and efficiency improvement: By using waste heat for cooling, the present invention not only meets the heat dissipation requirements within the system, but also provides cooling services for external devices (such as the computing center 15). This multifunctional integrated design not only improves the utilization efficiency of waste heat, but also reduces additional energy consumption, achieving the goal of energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0071] Multi-scenario application: The flexible design of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 enables the present invention to be applied to a variety of different scenarios, meeting the cooling requirements in different environments, and improving the adaptability and scalability of the system.

[0072] (4) Comprehensive management and optimization of the system.

[0073] The PLC's automated monitoring and adjustment functions enable adaptive management and optimization of the entire system. The operating parameters of each subsystem are automatically adjusted based on real-time temperature data to ensure that the entire system can maintain optimal operating conditions under different operating conditions. This adaptive adjustment capability enables the system to flexibly respond to load changes and environmental fluctuations, improving overall operational efficiency and stability.

[0074] Example 2 Different from Example 1, in the MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of Example 2 of the present invention, a liquid level meter 9 is provided inside the water storage tank 8, and a drain valve 10 is provided on the side of the water storage tank 8.

[0075] The recovered heat enters the water storage tank 8 in the form of hot water for storage, and the liquid level meter 9 monitors the hot water capacity in real time. Once the stored hot water exceeds the upper liquid level, the discharge valve 10 will be opened for discharge.

[0076] Example 3 Different from Example 2, in Example 3, a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the waste heat refrigeration device 11 includes a generator 17, a condenser 20, a heat exchanger 30, an absorber 28, an evaporator 26 and a cooling tower 23. The generator 17 is provided with a first heat exchange tube 19 and a dilute lithium bromide solution 18 filled outside the first heat exchange tube 19; the liquid outlet at the bottom of the generator 17 is connected to the first inlet of the heat exchanger 30, the first outlet of the heat exchanger 30 is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorber 28, the absorber 28 is provided with a second heat exchange tube 27, the liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorber 28 is connected to the second inlet of the heat exchanger 30 through a solution pump 29, the second outlet of the heat exchanger 30 is connected to the liquid inlet at the top of the generator 17; the air outlet on the side of the generator 17 is connected to the air inlet of the condenser 20, and the condenser 20 is connected to the second inlet of the heat exchanger 30. A third heat exchange tube 21 is provided in the condenser 20; the water outlet of the cooling tower 23 is connected to the water inlet of the second heat exchange tube 27 and the third heat exchange tube 21, the water outlet of the second heat exchange tube 27 and the third heat exchange tube 21 is connected to the water inlet of the cooling tower 23, the water inlet of the first heat exchange tube 19 is connected to the water outlet of the water storage tank 8, the water outlet of the first heat exchange tube 19 is connected to the water inlet of the user end 7 and the evaporator 26; the liquid outlet of the condenser 20 is connected to the liquid inlet of the evaporator 26, and the water outlet of the evaporator 26 is connected to the water curtain heat dissipation device 13, the box-type spray heat dissipation device 12 and the computing center 15.

[0077] The waste heat refrigeration device 11 is based on lithium bromide absorption refrigeration technology and is composed of the following components to form a closed cycle network. The connection relationship between the components is as follows: Generator 17: The dilute lithium bromide solution 18 (concentration of about 50%-55%) in the absorber 28 enters the generator 17 after being preheated by the heat exchanger 30; high-temperature hot water (75°C) is input into the first heat exchange tube 19 in the generator 17 through the hot water pipeline, heating the dilute solution to evaporate the water (refrigerant) therein into steam, and the generated water vapor enters the condenser 20. At the same time, the solution is concentrated into a concentrated lithium bromide solution (concentration of about 60%-65%), and the concentrated solution is cooled by the heat exchanger 30 and returned to the absorber 28, and the secondary hot water (40°C) after heat exchange enters the user side for use.

[0078] Condenser 20: The water vapor from the generator 17 enters the condenser 20 through the steam pipe. External cooling water (25℃-32℃) enters the third heat exchange tube 21 in the condenser 20 through the cooling water pipe, and condenses the water vapor into liquid refrigerant water. The cooling water is heated to 35℃-40℃ and then discharged to the cooling tower 23 for cooling circulation; the liquid refrigerant water is depressurized by the throttle valve and then flows into the evaporator 26.

[0079] Evaporator 26: The refrigerant water from the condenser 20 enters the evaporator 26 and is sprayed by the refrigerant pump to the outer surface of the heat exchange tube in the evaporator 26. After the heat exchange in the generator, part of the secondary hot water (40°C) enters the heat exchange tube of the evaporator 26 through the pipeline, and is evaporated by the refrigerant water to absorb heat and cool down to below 20°C, realizing refrigeration, and output to the cold equipment (such as the computing center). The refrigerant water evaporates into steam and enters the absorber 28.

[0080] Absorber 28: The refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 26 enters the absorber 28 through the steam channel; the concentrated lithium bromide solution from the generator 17 is cooled by the heat exchanger 30 and sprayed into the absorber 28. The concentrated solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor and becomes a dilute solution, and the released heat is taken away by the cooling water (sharing the cooling water loop with the condenser). The dilute solution is transported to the generator 17 through the solution pump to complete the cycle.

[0081] Heat exchanger 30: preheats the dilute solution entering the generator 17 (using the heat of the concentrated solution), cools the concentrated solution returning to the absorber 28, and the dilute solution and the concentrated solution flow in the heat exchanger 30 in countercurrent to achieve heat exchange.

[0082] When the PLC controller 5 determines that the system heat load is ≥40% through real-time data analysis of the ambient temperature sensor 2 and the system sensor 3, the waste heat refrigeration device 11 is started. The 65°C hot water recovered from the water storage tank 8 enters the generator 17 in the waste heat refrigeration device 11, and heats the dilute lithium bromide solution 18 (50%-55%) through the heat exchanger 19 to precipitate water vapor (refrigerant). The solution is concentrated to 60%-65% to become a lithium bromide concentrated solution 31, which enters the absorber 28 after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 30. Part of the secondary hot water (40°C) after heat exchange enters the user side for use, and part enters the evaporator 26; the generated water vapor enters the condenser 20, and is condensed into liquid refrigerant water 22 under the action of the cooling water (20°C) from the cooling tower 23 through the heat exchanger 21. The cooling water is heated to 35°C-40°C and then discharged to the cooling tower 23 for circulation; the liquid refrigerant water 22 is throttled. After the pressure is reduced by valve 24, it flows into evaporator 26, and is sprayed onto the outer surface of the heat exchange tube through sprayer 25, and heat exchanges with the 40°C secondary hot water (part of which is diverted to the evaporator) after heat exchange from generator 17. The hot water absorbs heat and cools to below 20°C, and is output to the data center, spray, and water curtain system for cooling; the liquid refrigerant water 22 evaporates into refrigerant steam and enters absorber 28, and is absorbed by lithium bromide concentrated solution 31 from generator 17 to become lithium bromide dilute solution 18. The released heat is taken away by the shared cooling water loop of cooling tower 23, and then the lithium bromide dilute solution 18 is transported to heat exchanger 30 through solution pump 29, and enters generator 17 after being preheated by high-temperature lithium bromide concentrated solution 31 from generator 17, completing the cycle.

[0083] Example 4 Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 , which is different from Example 3, in Example 4 of the present invention, in a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration cooling and heat dissipation system, the water curtain heat dissipation device 13 includes a cooling water pipe 32, a water curtain wall structure 34 and a return pipe 36. One end of the cooling water pipe 32 is connected to the water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device 11, and the other end is connected to the water inlet guide port 33 on the upper side of the water curtain wall structure 34; one end of the return pipe 36 is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat refrigeration device 11, and the other end is connected to the return water guide port 35 on the lower side of the water curtain wall structure 34.

[0084] Under the intelligent control of the PLC controller 5, when the system determines that the water curtain heat dissipation function needs to be activated, the cooling water of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 is transported to the water inlet diversion port 33 through the cooling water pipe 32, and is injected into the top cavity of the water curtain wall structure 34 through the multi-stage uniform diversion structure to form a continuous and stable vertical water curtain interface. The water curtain wall structure 34 uses a specially designed honeycomb diversion channel to allow the cooling water to form a uniform and dense water film covering layer under the action of gravity. During the operation of the system, when the external air flows through the water curtain interface, an evaporative heat exchange effect is generated, and the airflow that has been cooled is introduced into the equipment through a dedicated air duct to implement precise temperature control. After the cooling water that has completed the heat exchange converges at the bottom of the water curtain wall, it passes through the collection device of the return water diversion port 35 and the return pipe 36 in turn, and returns to the cooling tower 23 of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 for secondary cooling treatment, and finally re-enters the waste heat refrigeration cycle system.

[0085] The present invention adopts a closed-loop water circulation system controlled by PLC to achieve efficient reuse of cooling water. The multi-stage diversion design of the water curtain wall structure ensures the uniformity of water film distribution and the stability of heat exchange. The waste heat recovery and active heat dissipation system are integrated to form a composite temperature control solution for energy cascade utilization. This technical solution optimizes the fluid dynamics characteristics and control parameters to increase the water resource recycling rate to more than 98.7%, significantly reducing the operating water consumption and energy consumption of the industrial cooling system.

[0086] Example 5 Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 , which is different from Example 4, in Example 5 of the present invention, in a MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system, the box-type spray heat dissipation device 12 includes a spray cooling main pipeline 37, a branch pipe network 38 and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle 42.

[0087] The water inlet end of the spray cooling main pipeline 32 is connected to the low-temperature water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 , and the water outlet port is connected to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 42 via a multi-stage tapered shunt pipe network 38 .

[0088] The system is equipped with a PLC central controller 5, which integrates a temperature feedback module and a flow control unit. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds the set threshold value, the PLC actuator will activate the cooling water circulation pump and adjust the opening of the diverter valve to achieve dynamic control of cooling water delivery.

[0089] The water inlet of the spray cooling main pipeline 37 is connected to the low-temperature water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device 11, and the water outlet is connected to multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles 42 through a multi-stage tapered shunt pipe network 38. The multiple high-pressure atomizing nozzles 42 are fixed on the inner surface of the container top plate of the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 in an equidistant topological arrangement. The axis of each nozzle forms a vertical projection relationship with the heat source core area of ​​the fuel cell module below, and the nozzle spacing (D) satisfies: D = 0.7-1.2 × H (H is the design height of the nozzle from the top surface of the fuel cell).

[0090] Atomization cooling mechanism: The high-pressure atomization nozzle 42 uses multi-hole jet technology to produce cavitation effect in the vortex cavity through 0.5-1.2MPa pressurized water flow, forming atomized particles with a particle size of 20-50μm. The droplet group forms a three-dimensional convection field in the container, and heat exchange is carried out through phase change latent heat absorption and forced convection dual modes.

[0091] The system works in coordination: the low-temperature working fluid of the waste heat refrigeration device 11 completes two thermodynamic processes in a closed cycle: first, it absorbs the waste heat of the fuel cell to achieve the refrigerant phase change, and then the low-temperature water completes the sensible heat-latent heat composite heat dissipation through the spray system, and the water mist finally formed enters the Figure 2 As shown, the waste heat enters the condenser 20 of the waste heat refrigeration device 11, forming a thermodynamic cycle.

[0092] Therefore, the present invention constructs a pressure-adaptive atomization pipe network, and through the optimization design of the flow channel, the flow deviation rate of each nozzle is less than 5%; the spatial mapping layout method is adopted to achieve three-dimensional matching of cooling medium and heat source; the integrated automatic temperature control system is used to achieve dynamic self-regulation of cooling intensity; and the energy coupling mechanism of waste heat recovery and spray heat dissipation is established, and the system energy efficiency ratio is improved by more than 22%. It effectively solves the heat accumulation problem existing in traditional air cooling systems, and is particularly suitable for gradient heat dissipation of high power density fuel cell groups. Under the condition of 40-80kW / m³ heat load, the system temperature rise can be maintained at no more than ±1.5℃.

[0093] Example 6 A MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation method of the present invention is specifically as follows: high-temperature return water (≥75°C) of the cooling water circuit and the cathode circuit converges to the inlet end of the three-way valve 4, and the outlet end of the three-way valve 4 is divided into two paths as primary hot water, one of which is directly connected to the heating network through the user-side branch; the other is connected to the water tank through the water tank branch, which is used for heat exchange with the waste heat refrigeration device 11 (efficiency ≥85%); the instantaneous flow of hot water on the user side is monitored in real time by the flow meter 6, and combined with the return temperature data collected by the temperature sensor, a "monitoring-decision-making-control" closed-loop link is established to achieve refined control of the cooling water flow and temperature. The specific implementation process is as follows: (1) System operation.

[0094] Fuel supply: In the CHP system, hydrogen and air are used as raw materials for chemical reactions to generate electricity and heat; cooling water is used to control the temperature during the reaction to ensure stable operation of the fuel cell. They enter the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 and work with the power distribution system to generate electricity. The electric energy generated by the fuel cell cogeneration system 1 enters the computing center 15 and the power consumption end 16 for use through the power conversion system 14. The power conversion system 14 adjusts the electric energy to a voltage and current suitable for the user, and finally supplies it to different load ends such as the computing center 15 and the power consumption end 16.

[0095] (2) Water and heat management of cogeneration systems.

[0096] The heat generated by the system is mainly output from the outlet of the cooling circuit and the outlet of the cathode side in the form of hot water, and is recovered to the overflow heat monitoring system through the water recovery pipeline. The high-temperature return water (≥75℃) of the water circuit and the cathode circuit converges to the inlet of the three-way valve 4, and the outlet is divided into two routes: one is through the user side branch, and directly connected to the heating network after passing through the flow meter 6, as the first-level hot water (≥75℃) to provide heating for the user 7; the other is through the water storage tank branch to connect the water storage tank 8, which is used for refrigeration by the waste heat refrigeration device 11. The dynamic control logic is regulated based on the PLC module 5. When it is detected that the demand of the user 7 decreases, the data of the flow meter 6 is fed back to the PLC module 5, and then the three-way valve 4 is adjusted to gradually switch to the water storage tank branch to import the hot water into the water storage tank 8 for storage; on the contrary, if the flow meter 6 detects that the demand of the user 7 increases sharply, the electromagnetic three-way valve 4 will give priority to expanding the user side channel with a linear opening of 0-100%, and the water storage tank 8 branch will be shut down synchronously to ensure the instantaneous flow supply of the heating network. This mechanism achieves dynamic matching of waste heat storage and user demand through vector regulation, avoiding redundant heat waste.

[0097] (3) Cooling system.

[0098] Heat dissipation of the computing center 15: A portion of the water cooled by the waste heat refrigeration device 11 is controlled by the PLC module and distributed to the computing center 15 for heat dissipation of computer equipment. The computing center will generate a lot of heat when operating at high load. Using cooled water for heat dissipation can effectively reduce the temperature of the equipment and ensure its normal operation.

[0099] Heat dissipation inside the cogeneration system: Another part of the water cooled by the waste heat refrigeration device 11 enters the water curtain heat dissipation device 13 and the box-type spray heat dissipation device 12 respectively, and combined with the temperature data and control algorithm of the PLC module 5, differentiated heat dissipation modes are started according to different heat levels. When the system operating temperature is ≤50°C and the cooling water flow rate is lower than the threshold value (such as 60% of the total flow rate), it is determined to be a low-load state. In the low-heat scenario (heat load <40%), only the water curtain heat dissipation 13 is started. The cooling water forms a water curtain through the special structure of the water curtain heat dissipation system (located at the air inlet of the container air compressor), which pre-cools the ambient air entering the system and reduces the system operating temperature; when the system temperature rises above 50°C, it is determined to be a medium-to-high load state. In the medium-to-high heat scenario (heat load ≥40%), the water curtain + spray combined heat dissipation is started. The cooling water is atomized into 50-100μm particles through the top high-pressure atomization nozzle 42 (pressure ≥2.5 MPa), covering the fuel cell power generation unit group and the internal space of the container, using the latent heat of evaporation (2260 kJ / kg) to quickly absorb heat, and cooperate with the water curtain heat dissipation to quickly and evenly reduce the system temperature inside the entire container.

[0100] The water curtain cooling system 13 and the box-type spray cooling system 12 dissipate heat from the fuel cell power generation unit group through water curtains and sprays, effectively reducing the temperature in the system. The water curtain heat dissipation is returned to the cooling tower of the waste heat refrigeration device through the reflux pipe for secondary cooling treatment, and the spray evaporated water vapor is recycled through the condenser for a secondary recovery rate of >90%. Through this closed-loop water circulation design, the water resource utilization rate condensation recovery device maintains a closed water resource loop, and the total consumption is <5%.

[0101] In summary, the CHP system ensures efficient use of energy, reduces heat loss and improves the overall efficiency of the system through precise thermal management and heat recovery mechanisms. The system not only meets electricity demand, but also effectively utilizes and manages the generated hydrothermal resources, demonstrating advanced energy utilization technology.

Claims

1. MW fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fuel cell cogeneration system (1), wherein one side of the fuel cell cogeneration system (1) is connected to a hydrogen inlet (39), an air inlet (41) and a cooling water inlet (40), and the bottom of the fuel cell cogeneration system (1) is provided with a cooling water outlet and a cathode water outlet, and the cooling water inlet (40) and the cooling water outlet are connected via a cooling water pipe, and the cooling water pipe is located in the fuel cell cogeneration system (1); the cooling water outlet and the cathode water outlet are connected to the inlet end of a three-way valve (4), and the first outlet end of the three-way valve (4) is connected to the user end (7), and the three-way valve (4) is connected to the user end (7). The second outlet port of (4) is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank (8), the water outlet of the water storage tank (8) is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat refrigeration device (11), and the water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device (11) is respectively connected to the water curtain heat dissipation device (13), the box-type spray heat dissipation device (12) and the computing power center (15); the water curtain heat dissipation device (13) and the box-type spray heat dissipation device (12) are connected to the fuel cell cogeneration system (1), and the other side of the fuel cell cogeneration system (1) is electrically connected to the power consumption end (16) and the computing power center (15) through the power conversion system (14).

2. The MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way valve (4) is an electromagnetic three-way valve.

3. The MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It also comprises a PLC controller (5), the PLC controller (5) being connected to a flow meter (6), a waste heat refrigeration device (11), a three-way valve (4), a system temperature sensor (3) and an ambient temperature sensor (2), the flow meter (6) being installed at a first outlet end of the three-way valve (4), and the system temperature sensor (3) being arranged in the fuel cell cogeneration system (1).

4. The MW-class fuel cell cogeneration refrigeration and heat dissipation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A liquid level meter (9) is arranged inside the water storage tank (8), and a drainage valve (10) is arranged on the side of the water storage tank (8).

5. The MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat refrigeration device (11) comprises a generator (17), a condenser (20), a heat exchanger (30), an absorber (28), an evaporator (26) and a cooling tower (23); the generator (17) is provided with a first heat exchange tube (19) and a dilute lithium bromide solution (18) filled outside the first heat exchange tube (19); the liquid outlet at the bottom of the generator (17) is connected to the first inlet of the heat exchanger (30), the first outlet of the heat exchanger (30) is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorber (28), the absorber (28) is provided with a second heat exchange tube (27), the liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorber (28) is connected to the second inlet of the heat exchanger (30) through a solution pump (29), and the second outlet of the heat exchanger (30) is connected to the liquid inlet at the top of the generator (17). The air outlet on the side of the generator (17) is connected to the air inlet of the condenser (20), and a third heat exchange tube (21) is arranged in the condenser (20); the water outlet of the cooling tower (23) is connected to the water inlets of the second heat exchange tube (27) and the third heat exchange tube (21), the water outlets of the second heat exchange tube (27) and the third heat exchange tube (21) are connected to the water inlet of the cooling tower (23), the water inlet of the first heat exchange tube (19) is connected to the water outlet of the water storage tank (8), and the water outlet of the first heat exchange tube (19) is connected to the water inlet of the user end (7) and the evaporator (26); the liquid outlet of the condenser (20) is connected to the liquid inlet of the evaporator (26), and the water outlet of the evaporator (26) is connected to the water curtain heat dissipation device (13), the box-type spray heat dissipation device (12) and the computing center (15).

6. The MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water curtain heat dissipation device (13) comprises a cooling water pipe (32), a water curtain wall structure (34) and a return pipe (36); one end of the cooling water pipe (32) is connected to the water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device (11), and the other end is connected to the water inlet guide port (33) on the upper side of the water curtain wall structure (34); one end of the return pipe (36) is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat refrigeration device (11), and the other end is connected to the return water guide port (35) on the lower side of the water curtain wall structure (34).

7. The MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The box-type spray cooling device comprises a spray cooling main pipeline (37), a branch pipe network (38) and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle (42); the water inlet end of the spray cooling main pipeline (37) is connected to the low-temperature water outlet of the waste heat refrigeration device (11), and the water outlet port is connected to a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles (42) via a multi-stage tapered branch pipe network (38); the plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles (42) are fixed to the inner surface of the top plate of the container of the fuel cell cogeneration system (1) in an equidistant topological arrangement.

8. A MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation method, implemented based on the MW-class fuel cell combined heat and power refrigeration and heat dissipation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The high-temperature return water of the cooling water circuit and the cathode circuit converges to the inlet end of the three-way valve (4), and the outlet end of the three-way valve (4) is divided into two paths as primary hot water, one of which is directly connected to the heating network through the user-side branch; and the other is connected to the water storage tank through the water storage tank branch for heat exchange with the waste heat refrigeration device (11). The instantaneous flow of hot water on the user side is monitored in real time by the flow meter (6), and combined with the return temperature data collected by the temperature sensor, a "monitoring-decision-making-control" closed-loop link is established to achieve refined control of the cooling water flow and temperature.

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