Signal point distribution method of generalized enhanced spatial modulation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a signal point distribution method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system, which comprises the following steps of: S1, converting an input bit stream into parallel from serial, and dividing the bit stream into two parts of # imgabs0 # and # imgabs1 #; s2, converting the bit of the # imgabs2 # part into a decimal number # imgabs3 #, and sending the # imgabs4 # as an antenna index value into an antenna director selector; an antenna director selector selects an antenna director from an antenna director set # imgabs6 # according to an antenna index value # imgabs5 #, and the number of non-zero elements equal to '1' in the antenna director corresponding to the antenna director quantum set is the number of activated antennas; s3, selecting a constellation group from the constellation cluster according to the number of activated antennas to map a # imgabs7 # part; s4, signal constellation points in the selected constellation group are modulated to activated antennas in the selected antenna director, and a transmitting space vector X is formed. According to the invention, the antenna index and the minimum Euclidean distance can be increased, and the spectrum efficiency and the communication reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular relates to a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system. Background Art

[0002] Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) is a new type of wireless communication technology. It is a multi-antenna wireless communication technology based on vector amplitude modulation (VAM). In generalized spatial modulation, the transmitter uses multiple transmitting antennas to activate to send different modulation symbols at the same time, and maps different data to different antennas through vector amplitude modulation. The receiver uses multiple antennas to receive signals and combines the signals received by different antennas through algorithms such as maximum ratio combining (MRC). Therefore, generalized spatial modulation can carry more information to improve spectrum efficiency by increasing the number of transmitting antenna combinations. However, the detection complexity of the generalized spatial modulation system will increase exponentially with the increase in the number of activated transmitting antennas.

[0003] Enhanced Spatial Modulation (ESM) is an improved spatial modulation technology that aims to improve the performance and transmission rate of communication systems by optimizing the combination of antenna index and traditional amplitude phase modulation (APM). ESM transmits information bits by activating one or more antennas. When one transmit antenna is activated, M-order primary constellation symbols are transmitted; when two transmit antennas are activated, M / 2-order secondary constellation symbols are transmitted. This modulation method not only utilizes the antenna index information, but also combines traditional amplitude phase modulation to achieve higher transmission rates and better system performance. The number of activated antennas in the ESM system is variable, and the activated antenna combination can be dynamically selected. It has the advantage of maintaining the minimum Euclidean distance between the transmitted space vectors, but it also has the disadvantage of limited improvement in spectrum efficiency.

[0004] Combining the above two technologies, it can be seen that the existing spatial modulation method still has certain limitations, and there is no signal point allocation method in the prior art that combines the advantages of the above two technologies, which makes it difficult to further improve the spectrum efficiency and reliability of the wireless communication system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system. By combining the advantages of generalized spatial modulation and enhanced spatial modulation, the signal point constellation is reasonably designed and allocated, which can ensure that the minimum Euclidean distance between the transmitting space vectors is large enough, thereby further expanding the size of the signal space. Therefore, the present invention can increase the antenna index index and the minimum Euclidean distance, and improve the spectrum efficiency and communication reliability.

[0006] By combining the information retrieval capabilities of knowledge graphs with the generation capabilities of large language models, the accuracy and reliability of question-answering systems can be improved.

[0007] A signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to the present invention comprises the following steps: Step S1: During the duration of each transmission vector symbol, the input bit stream is converted from serial to parallel and then divided into two parts, namely and ; Step S2: Convert some bits from binary to decimal ,Will is the antenna index value, and the antenna index value Send to antenna index vector selector; The antenna index vector selector is based on the antenna index value From the antenna index vector set Select antenna index vector, antenna index vector subset The number of non-zero elements equal to "1" in the corresponding antenna index vector is , i.e. the number of activated antennas; Step S3: Select a constellation group mapping from the constellation cluster according to the number of activated antennas part, when the number of activated antennas is When , the corresponding constellation groups are ; Step S4: The signal constellation points in the constellation group selected in step S3 are Modulate to the antenna index vector selected in step S2 respectively In The root activates the antenna and forms a transmit space vector X.

[0008] Furthermore, the transmit space vector X can be expressed as: In the formula, yes No. component vector, i.e., it is a vector that exists only in the The position value is a non-zero unit vector, , , is the number of transmitting antennas.

[0009] Furthermore, the antenna index vector subset There are antenna index vectors, where express The number of bits of the information bit stream that part has, , is the combination of activated transmitting antennas, that is, Activate any of the transmitting antennas , , Transmitting antenna.

[0010] Furthermore, the antenna index vector subset The construction is as follows: , , , .

[0011] Furthermore, the design of the constellation group in step S3 needs to meet the following rules: (1) The minimum unnormalized squared Euclidean distance between the emission space vectors is 4; (2) When the number of transmitting antennas When , the number of activated transmitting antennas must be greater than or equal to two.

[0012] Furthermore, when the Partial mapping The corresponding signal constellation points must satisfy or ,in for The number of bits of the information bit stream that part has, represent The modulation order of the signal constellation, represent The modulation order of the signal constellation, represent Modulation order of the signal constellation.

[0013] Furthermore, when the number of transmitting antennas is given When , the corresponding specified situation is obtained according to the following algorithm value: (1) When is an even number, ; (2) When is an odd number, ; for No. In this case, When it is an even number, use constellation, constellation, , Constellation signal constellation points; when When it is an odd number, use Signal constellation, Signal constellation, , Signal constellation signal constellation points.

[0014] Furthermore, the information carried by a transmit space symbol includes two parts: The number of antenna index vectors and Partial Mapping signal constellation points; among them, The number of antenna index vectors of the parts can be expressed as: , Partial Mapping The case of a signal constellation point can be expressed as: ; At this time, the spectrum efficiency is , ,in .

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system. By combining the advantages of generalized spatial modulation and enhanced spatial modulation, the signal point constellation is reasonably designed and allocated, which can ensure that the minimum Euclidean distance between the transmitting space vectors is large enough, thereby further expanding the size of the signal space. Therefore, the present invention can increase the antenna index index and the minimum Euclidean distance, and improve the spectrum efficiency and communication reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A flow chart of the steps of a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a processing flow of a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system provided by the present invention; Figure 3A constellation group design diagram of a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system provided by the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0017] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step S1: During the duration of each transmission vector symbol, the input bit stream is converted from serial to parallel and then divided into two parts, namely and ; In wireless communications, the transmitted data is usually encoded into a series of symbols to represent different information. Vector symbols refer to the representation of these symbols in vector space.

[0018] Specifically, in step S1, the information bit stream b is divided into and Two parts , The number of bits of the information bit stream of part is , It also represents the number of bits carried by the antenna index. The number of bits of the information bit stream of part is , represents the total number of bits carried by multiple signal constellation points after modulation. In addition, in this embodiment, the number of transmitting antennas is root.

[0019] Step S2: Convert some bits from binary to decimal ,Will as the antenna index value, and the antenna index value Send to antenna index vector selector; The antenna index vector selector is based on the antenna index value From the antenna index vector set Select antenna index vector, antenna index vector subset The number of non-zero elements equal to "1" in the corresponding antenna index vector is , i.e. the number of activated antennas; Specifically, the antenna index vector set refers to a set of index vectors used to represent and distinguish the position and characteristics of each antenna unit in a multi-antenna system. This set contains the index vectors of all antenna units in the system, namely, antenna index vectors, and each antenna index vector corresponds to a specific antenna unit.

[0020] The antenna index vector is a vector used to represent the location and characteristics of each antenna element in a multi-antenna system. It contains the index values ​​of all antenna elements in the system, which are used to distinguish and select specific antenna elements during communication. The antenna index vector is usually a one-dimensional array or vector whose elements correspond to the index values ​​of each antenna element in the system.

[0021] Antenna index values ​​are usually used to identify or select parameters of a specific antenna in a specific communication system. Antenna index values ​​are used to distinguish and select different antennas in communication systems, especially in multi-antenna systems. It can help the system identify the location and characteristics of each antenna, thereby optimizing communication performance. Antenna index values ​​play an important role in communication systems, as they help the system identify, select, and optimize specific antennas, thereby improving communication performance.

[0022] In antenna technology and communication systems, an antenna index vector selector is a tool or component used to select the optimal antenna subset from multiple antennas according to specific criteria or performance standards. This selector is usually used in multi-antenna systems (such as MIMO systems) to improve communication performance, increase data transmission rate or enhance signal quality. The working principle of the existing antenna index vector selector is based on certain selection algorithms and criteria. It selects the optimal antenna subset from all available antennas based on the received channel state information (CSI), signal quality indicators (such as signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, etc.) or other related parameters. This selection process may involve matrix operations, signal processing techniques or machine learning algorithms, etc. The working principle of the antenna index vector selector in this embodiment is similar to the existing one, so it will not be repeated.

[0023] The number of active antennas refers to the number of antennas selected by the system and actually participating in signal transmission during the communication process of the current multi-antenna system. These antennas can be transmitting antennas, receiving antennas, or both. The selection of the number of active antennas has an important impact on the performance of the system, including data transmission rate, signal quality, coverage, and power consumption, so it needs to be adjusted according to the system needs, configuration, and performance requirements.

[0024] According to the design in step 2 above, in this embodiment, the antenna index vector subset There are antenna index vectors, where express The number of bits of the information bit stream that part has, , is the combination of activated transmitting antennas, that is, Activate any of the transmitting antennas , , Transmitting antenna.

[0025] Among them, the antenna index vector subset The construction is as follows: , , , .

[0026] Step S3: Select a constellation group mapping from the constellation cluster according to the number of activated antennas part, when the number of activated antennas is When , the corresponding constellation groups are ; In the process of wireless signal modulation, the constellation group is a key concept that helps define the amplitude and phase of signal elements and plays a vital role in the modulation and demodulation process. The constellation group is a basic concept of current digital modulation, which is used to represent the distribution of the modulated signal on the complex plane. In the constellation group, each point represents a modulation symbol, and its horizontal coordinate (I axis) and vertical coordinate (Q axis) correspond to the in-phase component and orthogonal component on the orthogonal carrier, respectively. Through the constellation group, the amplitude and phase information of the modulated signal can be intuitively seen.

[0027] In the process of wireless signal modulation, the constellation group is mainly used for mapping and judgment. During modulation, the digital information is mapped to different points on the constellation group; during reception, the distance between the received signal and each point on the constellation group is used to determine which signal is being sent, so as to correctly demodulate the data.

[0028] In the modulation process, the constellation group is used to map the digital signal (bit stream) into modulation symbols. For example, in QPSK (quadrature phase modulation), each modulation symbol corresponds to four different phases (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°), and these four phases are represented as four points on the constellation group. Similarly, in 16QAM (hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation), each modulation symbol corresponds to 16 different amplitude and phase combinations, which are represented as 16 points on the constellation group.

[0029] By increasing the number of points in the constellation group, more information can be transmitted. For example, in QPSK, each modulation symbol can transmit 2 bits of information (because 4 points correspond to 4 states, that is, 2 to the power of 2). In 16QAM, each modulation symbol can transmit 4 bits of information (because 16 points correspond to 16 states, that is, 2 to the power of 4). Therefore, using higher-order modulation methods (such as 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.) can significantly increase the transmission rate.

[0030] During the demodulation process, the receiver determines which modulation symbol is sent based on the distance between the received signal and each point on the constellation group (usually called the Euclidean distance). For example, in QPSK demodulation, the receiver calculates the Euclidean distance between the received signal and four points on the constellation group, and selects the point with the smallest distance as the modulation symbol to be sent. Similarly, in 16QAM demodulation, the receiver calculates the Euclidean distance between the received signal and 16 points on the constellation group, and selects the point with the smallest distance as the modulation symbol to be sent. In order to improve the anti-noise performance, the constellation group should be designed to maximize the Euclidean distance between adjacent points. In this way, even if the received signal is interfered by noise, the receiver can still accurately determine the modulation symbol to be sent.

[0031] The shape and number of points of the constellation group can be optimized according to specific communication requirements. For example, in applications with limited bandwidth, fewer points can be selected to reduce bandwidth occupancy; while in applications that require high transmission rates, more points can be selected to increase the transmission rate.

[0032] The existing common constellation group types include phase modulation (PSK) types, such as BPSK (Binary Phase ShiftKeying, binary phase shift keying) constellation group, QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, four-phase phase shift keying) constellation group, 8PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying, eight-phase phase shift keying) constellation group; and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) types, such as 16QAM (16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation), 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, 4096QAM, etc. In this embodiment, the constellation group used is the quadrature amplitude modulation type.

[0033] Step S4: The signal constellation points in the constellation group selected in step S3 are Modulate to the antenna index vector selected in step S2 respectively In The root activates the antenna and forms a transmit space vector X.

[0034] In the constellation group, the signal constellation points represent different signal states or symbols, and these points are mapped to the complex plane (i.e., the IQ plane) through a specific modulation method. The signal constellation point is a basic element in the constellation group, and each point corresponds to a possible signal state or symbol. In digital modulation, the signal constellation point is usually used to indicate the position of the modulated signal on the complex plane. In the constellation group, the coordinates of the signal constellation point usually consist of its real part and imaginary part, corresponding to the I axis and the Q axis respectively. These coordinate values ​​represent the in-phase component (I component) and the orthogonal component (Q component) of the signal.

[0035] In the constellation group, the distance from a point to the origin represents the energy of the signal corresponding to the point. The farther from the origin, the greater the signal energy. The distance between two adjacent signal constellation points (i.e., the Euclidean distance) represents the anti-noise performance of the modulation method. The larger the Euclidean distance, the better the anti-noise performance and the smaller the possibility of misjudgment.

[0036] Different modulation methods will produce different signal constellation point distributions. In the QAM modulation method, the number of QAM constellation points depends on the modulation order M. For example, the constellation group of 16-QAM contains 16 points, forming a 4x4 grid. Each point represents a different amplitude combination and symbol.

[0037] In communication systems, signal constellation points are widely used in modulation and demodulation processes. During modulation, digital information is mapped to different points on the constellation group; during demodulation, the distance between the received signal and each point on the constellation group is used to determine which signal is being sent, thereby correctly demodulating the data.

[0038] In this embodiment, the transmit space vector X can be expressed as: In the formula, yes No. component vector, i.e., it is a vector that exists only in the The position value is a non-zero unit vector, , , is the number of transmitting antennas.

[0039] Specifically, the design of the constellation group in this embodiment needs to meet the following rules: (1) Ensure that the minimum unnormalized squared Euclidean distance between the emission space vectors is 4, that is, ,in, and Represent two adjacent transmit space vectors respectively.

[0040] (2) Number of transmitting antennas , the number of activated transmitting antennas must be greater than or equal to two.

[0041] For example, suppose The number of bits in the information bit stream of the part =8. If only one transmit antenna is activated, a 256-QAM signal constellation point is required. If two active transmit antennas are used, two 16-QAM signal constellation points are required. Obviously, the energy of each signal is increased from 170 (i.e. ) is reduced to 20 (i.e. ).

[0042] Based on the above rules, the design of the constellation group is as follows Figure 3 As shown, and They are Signal constellation and Abbreviation for Signal Constellation.

[0043] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, when the Partial mapping The corresponding signal constellation points must satisfy or ,in for The number of bits of the information bit stream that part has, represent The modulation order of the signal constellation, represent The modulation order of the signal constellation, represent Modulation order of the signal constellation.

[0044] It represents and , Until The product of the modulation orders between It represents and , Until The product of the modulation orders between them.

[0045] In order to reduce the detection complexity of the receiver, when the number of transmitting antennas is given When , the corresponding specified situation is obtained according to the following algorithm value, The value is the number of selected signal constellation points: (1) When is an even number, ; (2) When is an odd number, ; for No. In this case, When it is an even number, use constellation, Signal constellation, , Signal constellation signal constellation points; when When it is an odd number, use Signal constellation, Signal constellation, , Signal constellation signal constellation points.

[0046] For further explanation, some examples are provided in Table 1 below. ,Right now .

[0047] Table 1 Examples of constellation groups: In this embodiment, the information carried by a transmission space symbol includes two parts: The number of antenna index vectors and Partial Mapping signal constellation points; among them, The number of antenna index vectors of the parts can be expressed as: , Partial Mapping The case of a signal constellation point can be expressed as: ; Therefore, the spectrum efficiency of this embodiment is , ,in .

[0048] In summary, the present invention proposes a signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system. By combining the advantages of both generalized spatial modulation and enhanced spatial modulation, the signal point constellation is reasonably designed and allocated, which can ensure that the minimum Euclidean distance between the transmitting space vectors is large enough (in this embodiment, the minimum Euclidean distance is 4), thereby further expanding the size of the signal space. Therefore, the present invention can increase the antenna index index and the minimum Euclidean distance, and improve the spectrum efficiency and communication reliability. The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A signal point allocation method for a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: During the duration of each transmission vector symbol, the input bit stream is converted from serial to parallel and then divided into two parts, namely and ; Step S2: Convert some bits from binary to decimal ,Will is the antenna index value, and the antenna index value Send to antenna index vector selector; The antenna index vector selector is based on the antenna index value From the antenna index vector set Select antenna index vector, antenna index vector subset The number of non-zero elements equal to "1" in the corresponding antenna index vector is , i.e. the number of activated antennas; Step S3: Select a constellation group mapping from the constellation cluster according to the number of activated antennas part, when the number of activated antennas is When , the corresponding constellation groups are ; Step S4: The signal constellation points in the constellation group selected in step S3 are Modulate to the antenna index vector selected in step S2 respectively In The root activates the antenna and forms a transmit space vector X.

2. The signal point allocation method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmit space vector X can be expressed as: In the formula, yes No. component vector, i.e., it is a vector that exists only in the The position value is a non-zero unit vector, , , is the number of transmitting antennas.

3. The signal point allocation method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna index vector subset There are antenna index vectors, where express The number of bits of the information bit stream that part has, , is the combination of activated transmitting antennas, that is, Activate any of the transmitting antennas , , Transmitting antenna.

4. The signal point allocation method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The antenna index vector subset The construction is as follows: ， ， ， 。 5. The signal point allocation method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design of the constellation group in step S3 needs to meet the following rules: (1) The minimum unnormalized squared Euclidean distance between the emission space vectors is 4; (2) When the number of transmitting antennas When , the number of activated transmitting antennas must be greater than or equal to two.

6. The signal point allocation method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the Partial mapping The corresponding signal constellation points must satisfy or ,in for The number of bits of the information bit stream that part has, represent The modulation order of the signal constellation, represent The modulation order of the signal constellation, represent Modulation order of the signal constellation.

7. The signal point allocation method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the number of transmitting antennas is given When , the corresponding specified situation is obtained according to the following algorithm value: (1) When is an even number, ; (2) When is an odd number, ; for No. In this case, When it is an even number, use constellation, Signal constellation, , Signal constellation signal constellation points; when When it is an odd number, use Signal constellation, Signal constellation, , Signal constellation signal constellation points.

8. The signal point allocation method of a generalized enhanced spatial modulation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The information carried by a transmitted space symbol consists of two parts: The number of antenna index vectors and Partial Mapping signal constellation points; among them, The number of antenna index vectors of the parts can be expressed as: , Partial Mapping The case of a signal constellation point can be expressed as: ; At this time, the spectrum efficiency is , ,in .

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