Data transmission method, data processing method and related devices

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a data transmission method, a data processing method and related devices. If the channel quality changes or the client side demand changes, the sending end can process the to-be-transmitted superframe so that the to-be-transmitted superframe carries symbols or bits used for indicating rate switching. For example, rate switching is indicated with at least one reserved symbol of the superframe in at least one polarization direction. Yet for example, at least one padding bit in a set of bits prior to framing is utilized to indicate rate switching. Therefore, the super-frame transmitted by the transmitting end through the channel carries the symbol or the bit for indicating rate switching, and the receiving end can flexibly adjust the rate mode of data processing by identifying the symbol or the bit. Since the symbol or bit for indicating rate switching is transmitted to the receiving end together with the service, the receiving end is lower in delay of rate switching and does not affect normal transmission of the service.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of optical communications, and in particular to a data transmission method, a data processing method and related devices. Background Art

[0002] With the development of emerging network technologies such as 5G networks and artificial intelligence, the demand for high-speed and high-bandwidth transmission is also increasing. Faced with limited network resources, we need to refine network allocation to maximize spectrum utilization and capacity. Standard fixed grid traditional optical networks are gradually unable to meet diverse business needs, and fixed data throughput will also cause a waste of channel capacity. If the bandwidth, modulation format and transmission rate can be flexibly allocated according to the actual situation of the channel, it will be conducive to achieving high-performance and low-power transmission.

[0003] However, due to the complexity of high-speed optical transmission, such as the use of coherent modulation, adaptive signal processing and forward error correction (FEC) coding technologies, switching rates during optical transmission may introduce large delays or interruptions, resulting in reduced transmission quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, a data processing method and a related device. The transmitting end transmits the symbol or bit used to indicate rate switching together with the service to the receiving end, and the receiving end implements rate switching with lower delay and does not affect the normal transmission of the service.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a transmitting end. First, the transmitting end obtains at least one superframe. Among them, the superframe includes multiple subframes, and the target subframe in the superframe in one polarization direction includes multiple pilot symbols, multiple frame synchronization symbols and multiple reserved symbols. At least one target reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed. Furthermore, the transmitting end sends at least one superframe to the receiving end through a channel. It should be understood that in some possible scenarios, the target subframe includes a rate switching identifier for indicating a change in the data transmission rate, that is, the rate switching identifier is given a function for indicating a rate switch, but the rate switching identifier is still carried in the position of the reserved reserved symbol.

[0006] In this implementation, if the channel quality changes or the client-side demand changes, the transmitting end can process the superframe to be transmitted so that the superframe to be transmitted carries a symbol for indicating rate switching. For example, at least one reserved symbol in at least one polarization direction of the superframe is used to indicate rate switching. In this way, the superframe transmitted by the transmitting end through the channel carries a symbol for indicating rate switching, and the receiving end can flexibly adjust the rate mode of data processing by identifying the symbol. Since the symbol for indicating rate switching is transmitted to the receiving end together with the service, the delay of the receiving end to implement rate switching is lower and will not affect the normal transmission of the service.

[0007] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol is also used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the target reserved symbol, the receiving end can not only know that the sending end will transmit data at the new rate, but also know at what rate the sending end transmits data, which is conducive to faster rate switching of the receiving end.

[0008] In some possible implementations, at least one superframe among the multiple superframes includes a target reserved symbol, and the number of superframes carrying the target reserved symbol among the multiple superframes is used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. Taking V superframes as an example (V is an integer greater than 1), the receiving end determines how many superframes among the V superframes carry the target reserved symbol by detecting the V superframes, and each detection result corresponds to an indication of a specific transmission rate, which has a good practical effect.

[0009] In some possible implementations, obtaining at least one superframe includes: replacing at least one reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction with a corresponding target reserved symbol. The embodiment of the present application can define the reserved symbol position for indicating rate switching according to actual conditions, that is, this part of the reserved symbols is reserved for indicating rate switching and is no longer used for other purposes. In this way, in a scenario where rate switching is required, the reserved symbol position reserved in the superframe can be replaced with a rate switching identifier or a rate switching identifier for indicating rate switching, and the complexity of implementation is low.

[0010] In some possible implementations, multiple target reserved symbols in at least one polarization direction of the target subframe are used to indicate a change in data transmission rate. The multiple target reserved symbols are pseudo-random sequences with good correlation, so that the receiving end can more easily identify the rate switching identifier in the superframe.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol and the corresponding reserved symbol before replacement are opposite numbers. This design is more conducive to the receiving end accurately identifying the rate switching identifier used to indicate rate switching from the reserved symbol sequence, thereby reducing the false detection rate.

[0012] In some possible implementations, each target reserved symbol is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is a real number. This design enables the receiving end to more easily and accurately identify the target reserved symbol for indicating rate switching.

[0013] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), A=-1 or 1; or, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 64-bit quadrature amplitude modulation (64QAM), A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7, or 7.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the sum of the real parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, thereby achieving DC balance (DC Balance), which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the number of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and the difference between any two of them is less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of each reserved symbol in one polarization direction is close to balance.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the target subframe is a subframe arranged at the first position in the superframe.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the target subframe further includes multiple training symbols and / or multiple pre-framing symbols.

[0018] In some possible implementations, every H consecutive symbols in the target subframe include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, where H=32, 64, 96 or 128.

[0019] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method, which is applied to a receiving end. First, the receiving end obtains a superframe transmitted through a channel. Among them, the superframe includes multiple subframes, and the target subframe in the superframe in one polarization direction includes multiple pilot symbols, multiple frame synchronization symbols and multiple reserved symbols. At least one target reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed. Furthermore, the receiving end identifies the target reserved symbol in the superframe so as to use a new rate mode to process the received data. For example, the receiving end receives a first superframe and a second superframe transmitted through a channel, and the first superframe enters the channel transmission before the second superframe. The receiving end recognizes that the first superframe carries a target reserved symbol for indicating rate switching. Then, the receiving end uses the first rate mode to process the first superframe, and uses the second rate mode to process the second superframe according to the target reserved symbol.

[0020] In some possible implementations, identifying the target reserved symbol in the superframe includes: performing correlation processing on the superframe according to the preset target reserved symbol to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe. Wherein, the correlation peak obtained after the correlation processing is greater than the first preset value. A specific implementation method for identifying the target reserved symbol in the superframe is provided herein, which has a good missed detection rate and false detection rate.

[0021] In some possible implementations, identifying the target reserved symbol in the superframe includes: obtaining a position in the superframe for carrying the target reserved symbol. Detecting the position in the superframe for carrying the target reserved symbol to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe, wherein the number of symbols detected in error is less than a second preset value. Another specific implementation of identifying the target reserved symbol in the superframe is provided herein, which has a good missed detection rate and a false detection rate.

[0022] In some possible implementations, acquiring a superframe transmitted through a channel includes: receiving a data stream transmitted through the channel, and performing frame synchronization, polarization demultiplexing, and phase recovery on the data stream to obtain a superframe.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol is also used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the target reserved symbol, the receiving end can not only know that the sending end will transmit data at the new rate, but also know at what rate the sending end transmits data, which is conducive to faster rate switching of the receiving end.

[0024] In some possible implementations, at least one superframe among the multiple superframes includes a target reserved symbol, and the number of superframes carrying the target reserved symbol among the multiple superframes is used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. Taking V superframes as an example (V is an integer greater than 1), the receiving end determines how many superframes among the V superframes carry the rate switching identification symbol by detecting the V superframes, and each detection result corresponds to indicating a specific transmission rate, which has a good practical effect.

[0025] In some possible implementations, multiple target reserved symbols in at least one polarization direction of the target subframe are used to indicate a change in data transmission rate. The multiple target reserved symbols are pseudo-random sequences with good correlation, so that the receiving end can more easily identify the rate switching identifier in the superframe.

[0026] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol and the corresponding reserved symbol before replacement are opposite numbers. This design is more conducive to the receiving end accurately identifying the rate switching identifier used to indicate rate switching from the reserved symbol sequence, thereby reducing the false detection rate.

[0027] In some possible implementations, each target reserved symbol is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is a real number. This design enables the receiving end to more easily and accurately identify the target reserved symbol for indicating rate switching.

[0028] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is QPSK, A=-1 or 1; or, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 64QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7, or 7.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the sum of the real parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, thereby achieving DC balance (DC Balance), which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the number of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and the difference between any two of them is less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of each reserved symbol in one polarization direction is close to balance.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the target subframe is a subframe arranged at the first position in the superframe.

[0032] In some possible implementations, the target subframe further includes multiple training symbols and / or multiple pre-framing symbols.

[0033] In some possible implementations, every H consecutive symbols in the target subframe include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, where H=32, 64, 96 or 128.

[0034] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a transmitting end. First, a first bit set that has been encoded by a first forward error correction (FEC) is obtained. After that, a plurality of padding bits are added to the first bit set to obtain a second bit set, and at least one target padding bit among the plurality of padding bits is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed. Next, the second bit set is subjected to a second FEC encoding to obtain a third bit set. Furthermore, the third bit set is subjected to data processing to obtain a superframe, and the superframe is sent. It should be understood that in some possible scenarios, the second bit set includes a rate switching identification bit for indicating a change in the data transmission rate, that is, the rate switching identification bit is given a function for indicating a rate switch, but the rate switching identification bit is still carried in the position of the reserved padding bit.

[0035] In this implementation, if the channel quality changes or the client-side demand changes, the transmitting end can process the superframe to be transmitted so that the superframe to be transmitted carries a bit for indicating rate switching. For example, at least one padding bit in the bit set before framing is used to indicate rate switching. In this way, the superframe transmitted by the transmitting end through the channel carries a bit for indicating rate switching, and the receiving end can flexibly adjust the rate mode of data processing by identifying the bit. Since the bit for indicating rate switching is transmitted to the receiving end together with the service, the delay of the receiving end to implement rate switching is lower and will not affect the normal transmission of the service.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the target fill bit is also used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the target fill bit, the receiving end can not only know that the sending end will transmit data at the new rate, but also know the specific rate at which the sending end transmits data, which is conducive to faster rate switching of the receiving end.

[0037] In some possible implementations, the number of target filling bits is used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. The receiving end determines the number of target filling bits through detection. Each detection result corresponds to an indication of a specific transmission rate, which has a good practical effect.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the value of the target fill bit is used to indicate the data transmission rate after the rate change. In a scenario including multiple target fill bits, the receiving end determines the values ​​of the multiple target fill bits through the hard decision of FEC decoding, where the values ​​of the multiple target fill bits are not unique, and each value result corresponds to an indication of a specific transmission rate, and the implementation method is relatively flexible.

[0039] In some possible implementations, after adding multiple padding bits to the first bit set to obtain the second bit set, and before performing a second FEC encoding on the second bit set to obtain the third bit set, the method further includes: performing a first interleaving on the second bit set. This can reduce the transmission of error correlation between the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding, and more effectively resist burst errors.

[0040] In some possible implementations, after adding multiple padding bits to the first bit set to obtain the second bit set, and before performing the second FEC encoding on the second bit set to obtain the third bit set, the method further includes: scrambling the second bit set, so that 0 and 1 in the scrambled bit data are more likely to be equal, so that the DC is balanced, which is conducive to reception at the receiving end.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the data processing performed on the third bit set includes symbol mapping, second interleaving, polarization division, and framing processing.

[0042] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method, which is applied to a receiving end. First, the receiving end obtains a superframe transmitted through a channel. After that, the superframe is demodulated and FEC decoded to obtain a bit set. Then, a target filling bit in the bit set is identified. Among them, at least one target filling bit among the multiple filling bits included in the bit set is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed, so as to adopt a new rate mode to process the received data. For example, a first bit subset in the bit set is processed using a first rate mode, and a second bit subset in the bit set is processed using a second rate mode according to the target filling bit, wherein the first bit subset includes bits in the bit set that are located before the target filling bit, and the second bit subset includes bits in the bit set that are located after the target filling bit.

[0043] In some possible implementations, identifying a target filling bit in a bit set includes: obtaining a position in a bit set for carrying a target filling bit. Detecting the position in a bit set for carrying a target filling bit to identify the target filling bit in the bit set, wherein the number of bits detected to be erroneous is less than a preset value. A specific implementation of identifying a target reserved symbol in a superframe is provided herein, which has a good missed detection rate and a false detection rate.

[0044] In some possible implementations, acquiring a data frame transmitted through a channel includes: receiving a data stream transmitted through the channel, and performing frame synchronization, polarization demultiplexing, and phase recovery on the data stream to obtain a superframe.

[0045] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sending device, the sending device comprising: a processing unit and a sending unit. The processing unit is used to: obtain at least one superframe. The superframe includes multiple subframes, and the target subframe in the superframe in one polarization direction includes multiple pilot symbols, multiple frame synchronization symbols, and multiple reserved symbols. At least one target reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed. The sending unit is used to: send at least one superframe.

[0046] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol is also used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the target reserved symbol, the receiving end can not only know that the sending end will transmit data at the new rate, but also know at what rate the sending end transmits data, which is conducive to faster rate switching of the receiving end.

[0047] In some possible implementations, at least one superframe among the multiple superframes includes a target reserved symbol, and the number of superframes carrying the target reserved symbol among the multiple superframes is used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. Taking V superframes as an example (V is an integer greater than 1), the receiving end determines how many superframes among the V superframes carry the rate switching identification symbol by detecting the V superframes, and each detection result corresponds to indicating a specific transmission rate, which has a good practical effect.

[0048] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: replace at least one reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction with a corresponding target reserved symbol.

[0049] In some possible implementations, multiple target reserved symbols in a target subframe in at least one polarization direction are used to indicate a change in data transmission rate, and the multiple target reserved symbols are pseudo-random sequences, so that the receiving end can more easily identify the rate switching identifier in the superframe.

[0050] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol and the corresponding reserved symbol before replacement are opposite numbers. This design is more conducive to the receiving end accurately identifying the rate switching identifier used to indicate rate switching from the reserved symbol sequence, thereby reducing the false detection rate.

[0051] In some possible implementations, each target reserved symbol is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is a real number. This design enables the receiving end to more easily and accurately identify the target reserved symbol for indicating rate switching.

[0052] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is QPSK, A=-1 or 1; or, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 64QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7, or 7.

[0053] In some possible implementations, the sum of the real parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, thereby achieving DC balance (DC Balance), which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0054] In some possible implementations, the number of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and the difference between any two of them is less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of each reserved symbol in one polarization direction is close to balance.

[0055] In some possible implementations, the target subframe is a subframe arranged at the first position in the superframe.

[0056] In some possible implementations, the target subframe further includes multiple training symbols and / or multiple pre-framing symbols.

[0057] In some possible implementations, every H consecutive symbols in the target subframe include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, where H=32, 64, 96 or 128.

[0058] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving device, the receiving device comprising: a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is used to: obtain a superframe transmitted through a channel, wherein the superframe includes multiple subframes, and a target subframe in a superframe in a polarization direction includes multiple pilot symbols, multiple frame synchronization symbols, and multiple reserved symbols, and at least one target reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed. The processing unit is used to: identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe.

[0059] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: perform correlation processing on the superframe according to a preset target reserved symbol to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe, wherein a correlation peak obtained through the correlation processing is greater than a first preset value.

[0060] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically used to: obtain a position in a superframe used to carry a target reserved symbol; detect the position in a superframe used to carry a target reserved symbol to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe, wherein the number of symbols detected in error is less than a second preset value.

[0061] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol is also used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the target reserved symbol, the receiving end can not only know that the sending end will transmit data at the new rate, but also know at what rate the sending end transmits data, which is conducive to faster rate switching of the receiving end.

[0062] In some possible implementations, at least one superframe among the multiple superframes includes a target reserved symbol, and the number of superframes carrying the target reserved symbol among the multiple superframes is used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. Taking V superframes as an example (V is an integer greater than 1), the receiving end determines how many superframes among the V superframes carry the rate switching identification symbol by detecting the V superframes, and each detection result corresponds to indicating a specific transmission rate, which has a good practical effect.

[0063] In some possible implementations, multiple target reserved symbols in at least one polarization direction of the target subframe are used to indicate a change in data transmission rate. The multiple target reserved symbols are pseudo-random sequences with good correlation, so that the receiving end can more easily identify the rate switching identifier in the superframe.

[0064] In some possible implementations, the target reserved symbol and the corresponding reserved symbol before replacement are opposite numbers. This design is more conducive to the receiving end accurately identifying the rate switching identifier used to indicate rate switching from the reserved symbol sequence, thereby reducing the false detection rate.

[0065] In some possible implementations, each target reserved symbol is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is a real number. This design enables the receiving end to more easily and accurately identify the target reserved symbol for indicating rate switching.

[0066] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is QPSK, A=-1 or 1; or, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 64QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7, or 7.

[0067] In some possible implementations, the sum of the real parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, thereby achieving DC balance (DC Balance), which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0068] In some possible implementations, the number of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and the difference between any two of them is less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of each reserved symbol in one polarization direction is close to balance.

[0069] In some possible implementations, the target subframe is a subframe arranged at the first position in the superframe.

[0070] In some possible implementations, the target subframe further includes multiple training symbols and / or multiple pre-framing symbols.

[0071] In some possible implementations, every H consecutive symbols in the target subframe include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, where H=32, 64, 96 or 128.

[0072] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sending device, the sending device comprising: a processing unit and a sending unit. The processing unit is used to: obtain a first bit set after a first FEC encoding; add multiple padding bits to the first bit set to obtain a second bit set, at least one target padding bit among the multiple padding bits is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed; perform a second FEC encoding on the second bit set to obtain a third bit set; perform data processing on the third bit set to obtain a superframe. The sending unit is used to: send a superframe.

[0073] In some possible implementations, the target fill bit is also used to indicate the changed data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the target fill bit, the receiving end can not only know that the sending end will transmit data at the new rate, but also know the specific rate at which the sending end transmits data, which is conducive to faster rate switching of the receiving end.

[0074] In some possible implementations, after adding multiple padding bits to the first bit set to obtain the second bit set, and before performing the second FEC encoding on the second bit set to obtain the third bit set, the processing unit is further configured to: perform the first interleaving on the second bit set. This can reduce the transmission of error correlation between the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding, and more effectively resist burst errors.

[0075] In some possible implementations, after adding multiple padding bits to the first bit set to obtain the second bit set, and before performing the second FEC encoding on the second bit set to obtain the third bit set, the processing unit is further configured to: scramble the second bit set, so that 0 and 1 in the scrambled bit data are more likely to be equal, so that the DC is balanced, which is conducive to reception at the receiving end.

[0076] In some possible implementations, the data processing performed on the third bit set includes symbol mapping, second interleaving, polarization division, and framing processing.

[0077] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving device, which includes: a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is used to: obtain a superframe transmitted through a channel. The processing unit is used to: demodulate and FEC decode the superframe to obtain a bit set, and identify a target fill bit in the bit set. Among them, at least one target fill bit among the multiple fill bits included in the bit set is used to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed, so as to adopt a new rate mode to process the received data.

[0078] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: obtain a position in the bit set for carrying the target filling bit, detect the position in the bit set for carrying the target filling bit to identify the target filling bit in the bit set, wherein the number of bits detected to be erroneous is less than a preset value.

[0079] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sending device, the sending device comprising: a processor and an interface circuit. The processor is used to execute the data transmission method described in any implementation of the first aspect or the third aspect. The interface circuit is used to send a superframe through a channel.

[0080] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving device, the receiving device comprising: a processor and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is used to obtain a superframe transmitted through a channel, and the processor is used to execute the data processing method described in any implementation of the second aspect or the fourth aspect.

[0081] In the eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission system, which includes a sending device as described in any implementation of the fifth aspect, the seventh aspect or the ninth aspect and a receiving device as described in any implementation of the sixth aspect, the eighth aspect or the tenth aspect.

[0082] In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical module, the sending device comprising: a processor and an interface circuit. The processor is used to execute the data transmission method described in any implementation of the first aspect or the third aspect. The interface circuit is used to send a superframe through a channel.

[0083] In a thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical module, the transmitting device comprising: a processor and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is used to obtain a superframe transmitted through a channel, and the processor is used to execute the data processing method described in any implementation of the second aspect or the fourth aspect.

[0084] In a fourteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, comprising a processor, and the processor is used to execute the method described in any implementation method of the first to fourth aspects.

[0085] In the fifteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a computer, the method described in any one of the embodiments of the first to fourth aspects is implemented.

[0086] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0087] In this embodiment, if the channel quality changes or the client-side demand changes, the transmitting end can process the superframe to be transmitted so that the superframe to be transmitted carries a symbol or bit for indicating rate switching. For example, at least one reserved symbol in at least one polarization direction of the superframe is used to indicate rate switching. For another example, at least one fill bit in the bit set before framing is used to indicate rate switching. In this way, the superframe transmitted by the transmitting end through the channel carries a symbol or bit for indicating rate switching, and the receiving end can flexibly adjust the rate mode of data processing by identifying the symbol or bit. Since the symbol or bit for indicating rate switching is transmitted to the receiving end together with the service, the delay of the receiving end to implement rate switching is lower and will not affect the normal transmission of the service. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0088] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application;

[0089] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another communication system used in an embodiment of the present application;

[0090] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a data processor at the originating end in an embodiment of the present application;

[0091] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the originating data processor in the embodiment of the present application;

[0092] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of another implementation of the originating data processor in the embodiment of the present application;

[0093] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the originating data processor in the embodiment of the present application;

[0094] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a data transmission method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0095] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a framing process in an embodiment of the present application;

[0096] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a superframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0097] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0098] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0099] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0100] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a scenario of switching between different rate modes in an embodiment of the present application;

[0101] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0102] Fig.15 is another schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0103] Fig.16 Schematic diagram of comparison between the first bit set and the second bit set in an embodiment of the present application;

[0104] Fig.17 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second bit set;

[0105] Fig.18 is another structural schematic diagram of the second bit set;

[0106] Fig.19 is another structural schematic diagram of the second bit set;

[0107] Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of simulating symbol data flow in an embodiment of the present application;

[0108] Fig.21 A schematic diagram of an application scenario in which a receiving end performs rate switching in an embodiment of the present application;

[0109] Fig. 22 A schematic diagram of the structure of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0110] Fig.23 A schematic diagram of the structure of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0111] Fig.24 This is another structural schematic diagram of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0112] Fig.25 Another structural schematic diagram of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0113] The embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, a data processing method and a related device. The transmitting end transmits the symbol or bit used to indicate rate switching together with the service to the receiving end, and the receiving end implements rate switching with lower delay and does not affect the normal transmission of the service.

[0114] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, rather than to limit a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the above terms can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments described in this application can be implemented in a sequence other than the content described in this application. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0115] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a communication system used in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1As shown, the communication system includes a transmitting device 01, a transmitting processing module 02, a channel transmission medium 03, a receiving processing module 04 and a receiving device 05. Taking the communication system as a data center network as an example, the transmitting device 01 and the receiving device 05 can be devices such as switches or routers, and the transmitting device 01 is also called a client-side chip (host chip) located at the transmitting end, and the receiving device 05 is also called a client-side chip located at the receiving end, and the channel transmission medium 03 can be an optical fiber. The client-side chip is sometimes also called a client-side device (host device). Among them, the transmitting device 01 and the transmitting processing module 02 can be connected through an attachment unit interface (attachment unit interface, AUI), and the receiving device 05 and the receiving processing module 04 can be connected through the AUI. The transmitting processing module 02 and the receiving processing module 04 can be optical modules (optical modules), electrical modules, connectors (connectors) or other modules that process data during data transmission. For example, the processing module can be an 800G ZR module (800G ZR module, a coherent optical module). Furthermore, the transmitting device 01, the transmitting processing module 02, the channel transmission medium 03, the receiving processing module 04 and the receiving device 05 in the communication system can support bidirectional transmission or unidirectional transmission, which is not specifically limited here.

[0116] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another communication system used in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, at the transmitting end, the information source provides the data stream to be sent; the transmitting data processor receives the data stream and performs data processing including encoding, interleaving, modulation, and DSP framing to obtain a symbol data stream, which is sent to the transmitting signal processor for transmitting signal preprocessing, and reaches the receiving device after being transmitted through the channel. After the receiving device receives the distorted signal caused by noise or other damage in the channel, it is sent to the receiving signal processor for clock synchronization, dispersion compensation, frame synchronization, depolarization demultiplexing, phase recovery and other operations, and then sent to the receiving data processor for demodulation, deinterleaving, and decoding, and the original data is restored and sent to the destination. Among them, Figure 2 The transmitting data processing and transmitting signal processing shown in can be applied to Figure 1 In the sending end processing module 02 shown, Figure 2 The receiving end data processing and receiving end signal processing shown in can be applied to Figure 1 In the receiving end processing module 04 shown.

[0117] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a data processor at the originating end in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3As shown, the transmitting end data processor obtains the bit data to be encoded from the received data sequence, performs the first data processing including outer code encoding, inserting padding bits, first interleaving, and inner code encoding to obtain the data encoded by the outer code and inner code, and then performs the second data processing including symbol mapping, second interleaving, polarization distribution, and DSP framing. As an example, after the transmitting end data processor obtains the bit data to be encoded, it first performs the first data processing, that is, performs the outer code encoding, inserting padding bits, first interleaving, and inner code encoding in sequence to obtain the data encoded by the outer code and inner code; then, it performs the second data processing, that is, performs the symbol mapping, second interleaving, polarization distribution, and DSP framing in sequence.

[0118] Figure 4 FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of another implementation of the data processor of the transmitting end in the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the operations performed by the data processor of the transmitting end in the actual application include but are not limited to: Figure 3 The operations reflected in Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , before the first interleaving process is performed, the outer code coded data after outer code coding and inserting padding bits may be scrambled. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the data processing flow introduced, the second interleaving in the second data processing is the interleaving processing performed after the modulation symbol data is obtained by symbol mapping, which is also called symbol interleaving (symbol interleave).

[0119] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is another embodiment of the data processor of the transmitting end in the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the execution order of each step in the second data processing can also be flexibly adjusted. Figure 5 As shown, the transmitting end data processor obtains the bit data to be encoded, and first performs the first data processing, that is, sequentially performs outer code encoding, inserts padding bits, scrambles, first interleaving, and inner code encoding to obtain data encoded by the outer code and the inner code; then, the second data processing is performed, that is, sequentially performs the second interleaving, symbol mapping, polarization distribution, and DSP framing.

[0120] Figure 6FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of another implementation of the data processor at the originating end in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the transmitting end data processor obtains the bit data to be encoded, and first performs the first data processing, that is, sequentially performs outer code encoding, inserts padding bits, scrambles, first interleaves, and inner code encoding to obtain data encoded by outer codes and inner codes; then, the second data processing is performed, that is, sequentially performs second interleaving, DSP framing, polarization distribution, and symbol mapping.

[0121] It should be noted that if Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 The DSP framing operation in the DSP is to insert at least one preset symbol (presetsymbols) such as pilot symbols, training symbols, frame alignment symbols, and reserved symbols into the symbol data obtained after symbol mapping. The multiple pilot symbols inserted in the DSP framing are used for carrier phase recovery, the multiple training symbols are used for link training, and the multiple frame synchronization symbols are used for frame synchronization to obtain the boundary of the DPS frame. Multiple reserved symbols are reserved for other future uses, which can be randomized, or some of them can be fixed for other purposes, such as optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) measurement and end-to-end (E2E) delay measurement. In some specific applications, the DSP frame obtained by DSP framing contains multiple subframes, and its DSP frame is also called a super-frame or multi-frame.

[0122] It should also be noted that Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 The DSP framing operation in the DSP is performed on symbols, and can also be performed as follows Figure 6 In the manner shown, for the data after the second interleaving, DSP framing is performed before symbol mapping according to the adopted symbol mapping rule, such as inserting bits corresponding to at least one preset symbol such as pilot symbols, training symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and reserved symbols, and then performing polarization division and symbol mapping to obtain a DSP frame, which is the same symbol as the DPS frame obtained by DSP framing based on the symbol. It should be understood that other DSP framing methods are not excluded, and this application will not go into details.

[0123] It should also be noted that in some possible scenarios, the above Figure 3-Figure 6 The first interleaving operation in may not be performed (bypassed), that is, the first interleaving is an optional operation, so that the first data processing has a lower latency.

[0124] It should be understood that the "inner" in the inner code and the "outer" in the outer code are distinguished only based on the distance of the execution subject operating the data relative to the channel transmission medium. The execution subject operating the inner code is closer to the channel transmission medium, and the execution subject operating the outer code is farther away from the channel transmission medium. Figure 1 For example, since the transmitting end processing module 02 encodes the data twice before sending it to the channel transmission medium. The data encoded by the transmitting end processing module 02 first is far away from the channel transmission medium, and the data encoded by the transmitting end processing module 02 later is closer to the channel transmission medium. Therefore, the data encoded by the transmitting end processing module 02 first is called data encoded by the outer code, and the data encoded by the transmitting end processing module 02 later is called data encoded by the inner code. Correspondingly, the data decoded by the receiving end processing module 04 first is called data decoded by the inner code, and the data decoded by the receiving end processing module 04 later is called data decoded by the outer code. In a possible implementation, the above-mentioned inner code encoding and outer code encoding are both FEC encoding methods, thereby forming a cascade FEC transmission scheme. For example, the transmitting end data processing module 02 can use staircase (SC) code for outer code encoding, Hamming code for inner code encoding, or Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code for inner code encoding.

[0125] It should be noted that the above content is an exemplary description of the application scenarios of the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the application scenarios of the method. A person skilled in the art will know that as business needs change, the application scenarios can be adjusted according to application needs, and the embodiment of the present application does not list them one by one. Figure 3-Figure 6 The implementation method applied to the data transmitting end is mainly introduced. The implementation method applied to the receiving end can be understood as the inverse operation of the implementation method of the transmitting end. On the basis of the implementation method of the transmitting end, the implementation method of the receiving end is also clear. For example, the inverse operation of encoding is decoding, the inverse operation of inserting padding bits is removing padding bits, the inverse operation of interleaving is deinterleaving, the inverse operation of symbol mapping is demodulation, the inverse operation of polarization division is polarization demultiplexing, the inverse operation of scrambling is descrambling, and so on.

[0126] In actual applications, if the optical fiber bends or kinks during the communication process, causing the channel to deteriorate and the received signal quality to deteriorate, the sender can improve the communication transmission quality by changing the data transmission rate. Alternatively, the sender can also change the data transmission rate according to changes in client-side requirements. In order to allow the receiving end to promptly know that the sender wants to change the data transmission rate, this application designs a method that allows the data sent by the sender to also carry symbols or bits used to indicate that the rate has switched, so that the receiving end can process the received data according to the new rate mode based on actual needs. The following is a detailed introduction.

[0127] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a data transmission method in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the data transmission method includes the following steps. It should be understood that, for ease of explanation, the first FEC encoding in the following text can be regarded as the outer code encoding introduced above, and the second FEC encoding in the following text can be regarded as the inner code encoding introduced above, and the following text can be understood based on this. It should also be understood that the sender and the receiver in the following text are named based on the data flow direction, and do not limit the function of the device, wherein the sender can also have the function of receiving, and the receiver can also have the function of sending.

[0128] 101. Obtain a superframe including a rate switching flag.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmitting end may indicate the rate switching through the superframe to be sent in a variety of ways. Figures 3 to 6 At least one reserved symbol is inserted in the DSP framing operation introduced in the second data processing to indicate that the data transmission rate has changed. In other words, one or more reserved symbols are used to indicate the rate switching. Here, the reserved symbol used to indicate the rate switching can be referred to as the rate switching identifier. In another possible implementation, using the above Figures 3 to 6 At least one padding bit is used to indicate the change of data transmission rate. That is, one or more inserted padding bits are used to indicate rate switching. Here, the padding bit used to indicate rate switching can be called rate switching identification bit. The following describes these two implementation modes in detail.

[0130] Implementation method 1: using one or more reserved symbols to indicate rate switching.

[0131] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the framing process in an embodiment of the present application. In one framing method, Figure 8As shown in (a), the received data sequence is symbol mapped, including but not limited to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and then polarization symbol distribution is performed to obtain dual-polarization (DP) symbols, such as DP-QPSK, DP-8QAM, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM and DP-64QAM. A certain number of dual-polarization symbols are framed, and these dual-polarization symbols before framing are called pre-framing symbols, which can also be called payload symbols. The framing process is as follows: insert the frame alignment word sequence (FAW Sequence), training symbol sequence (Training Sequence), reserved symbols (Reserved Fields) and pilot symbol sequence (Pilot Sequence) in the X and Y polarization directions respectively to obtain the dual-polarization symbol sequence to be sent, which is called a super-frame, or multi-frame. Here, the frame alignment symbol sequence is also called a super-frame alignment word sequence. It should be noted that the frame alignment symbol sequence can also be used for link training, and the frame alignment symbol can be considered as a training symbol sequence.

[0132] In an embodiment of the present application, a dual polarization symbol can be represented by two symbols, one of which is located in the X polarization direction and the other is located in the Y polarization direction, and each symbol can be represented by a complex number. For example, the symbol obtained by 16QAM modulation can be represented by any one of the following 16 complex numbers, ±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j and ±3±3j, where j here is a complex unit, and can also be represented by other letters such as i. It should be understood that in some cases, the real part and the imaginary part are normalized, but the essence does not change. Further, a sequence with N dual polarization symbols can be completely represented by two complex sequences of length N, one of which represents the symbol on the X polarization and the other represents the symbol on the Y polarization. Each complex sequence of length N is represented by a real sequence of length N and an imaginary sequence of length N, and N is an integer greater than 1.

[0133] Typically, the received data sequence is the information and check sequence obtained through the forward error correction code (FEC). Figure 8 The framing operation shown in (a) in FIG. 1 is performed on symbols. In another framing method, Figure 8 As shown in (b) of FIG. 1 , for the received data sequence, the bits corresponding to the frame synchronization symbol sequence, the training symbol sequence, the reserved symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence are first inserted according to the adopted symbol mapping rule, and then the bits corresponding to the frame synchronization symbol sequence, the training symbol sequence, the reserved symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence are ... Figure 8 (a) in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 operate the same superframe. Similarly, in another framing method, such as Figure 8 As shown in (c) of FIG. 1 , for the received data sequence, the bits corresponding to the frame synchronization symbol sequence, the training symbol sequence, the reserved symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence are first inserted according to the adopted symbol mapping rule, and then polarization division and symbol mapping are performed to obtain the same Figure 8 (a) in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 operate the same superframe. It should be understood that except Figure 2 In addition to the framing method introduced in, there may be other similar framing methods, which will not be described in detail in this application.

[0134] Fig. 9 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a superframe structure in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 As shown, the superframe includes N SF subframes, each subframe includes N S symbols, then the superframe consists of N F Symbols, N F =N SF ×N S , N S and N SF are all integers greater than 1. The subframes in a superframe are divided into two categories, which are referred to as first-category subframes and second-category subframes. The following introduces these two categories of subframes respectively.

[0135] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the first structure of a subframe in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.10 (a) in FIG. 1 shows the structure of the first type of subframe, which includes training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, reserved symbols, and payload symbols. Usually, the first type of subframe is the subframe arranged in the first position in the superframe, but it is not excluded that it is located in other positions in the superframe. For example, the first type of subframe can also be the subframe arranged in the last position in the superframe. The other subframes in the superframe except the first type of subframe are the second type of subframes, such as Fig.10 As shown in (b), the second type of subframe is different from the first type of subframe. The second type of subframe includes training symbols, pilot symbols and payload symbols, but does not include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols.

[0136] For the first type of subframe and the second type of subframe, each subframe includes training symbols and pilot symbols. The training symbols are used for link training and / or subframe synchronization, and the pilot symbols are used for carrier phase recovery. In one polarization direction, the number of training symbols in a subframe is recorded as N TS , the number of pilot symbols in a subframe is recorded as N PS , N TS and N PS are all integers greater than 1. It should be noted that there is a symbol in a subframe that is both a training symbol and a pilot symbol, that is, Fig.10 The symbol indicated by the dashed box. TS The training symbols include the symbol indicated by the dashed box, N PS The pilot symbols also include the symbol indicated by the dotted box. TS +N PS is greater than or equal to 5, and N TS +N PS is an odd number. Usually, N TS Continuous training symbols are arranged from the beginning of the subframe, N TS The symbol at the starting position of the continuous training symbols is both a training symbol and a pilot symbol. That is, the first symbol of the subframe is the first symbol of the training symbol sequence and the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence. In other words, the first symbol of the training symbol sequence is also the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence, and the first symbol of the training symbol sequence has the same value as the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence. Of course, Fig.10 The symbol indicated by the dashed box may also be N TS Any symbol among the training symbols is not limited in this application.

[0137] For each subframe in a superframe, each consecutive N PG symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, where N PG is 32, 64, 96 or 128. It should be understood that since each consecutive N PG The position of the pilot symbol in each symbol is fixed, so the interval between two consecutive pilot symbols in a subframe is equal. Usually, the pilot symbol is located every N consecutive PG The starting position of the symbols, of course, the pilot symbol is located at each consecutive N PG Any position in the symbol, no limitation is made here.

[0138] It should be noted that the frame synchronization symbol is used for synchronization between superframes. The frame synchronization symbol can be used together with the training symbol for synchronization between superframes, or can be used together with the pilot symbol to achieve synchronization. It should be understood that the frame synchronization symbol is arranged continuously and can be next to the training symbol, such as Fig.10 As shown. In addition, there may be one or more symbol intervals between the frame synchronization symbol and the training symbol. After the multiple frame synchronization symbols, there are usually multiple reserved symbols, which can be reserved for other future uses. The reserved symbols should be randomized and may not be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. Of course, in some applications, the reserved symbols may also be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. A part of the reserved symbols may also be fixed for other purposes, such as optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) measurement, end-to-end (E2E) delay measurement, etc. The reserved symbols may also be located in one of the multiple second-class subframes, which is not limited in this application. The remaining symbols are pre-framing symbols (i.e., payload symbols) containing information and verification, wherein there is no overlap between the pilot symbol and the reserved symbol, and there is no overlap between the pilot symbol and the pre-framing symbol. In other words, there is no symbol that is both a pilot symbol and a pre-framing symbol, and there is no symbol that is both a pilot symbol and a reserved symbol.

[0139] It should be noted that, in addition to the above Fig.10 In addition to the subframe structure introduced above, the first type of subframe may not include a training sequence. The following introduces possible structures of the other two subframes.

[0140] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the second structure of the subframe in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.11 (a) in FIG. 1 shows the structure of the first type of subframe, which includes pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, reserved symbols, and payload symbols. Usually, the first type of subframe is the subframe arranged in the first position in the superframe, but it is not excluded that it is located in other positions in the superframe. For example, the first type of subframe can also be the subframe arranged in the last position in the superframe. The other subframes in the superframe except the first type of subframe are the second type of subframes, such as Fig.11 As shown in (b), the second type of subframe is different from the first type of subframe. The second type of subframe includes pilot symbols and payload symbols, but does not include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols.

[0141] For the first type of subframe and the second type of subframe, each subframe includes a pilot symbol, which is used for carrier phase recovery. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in a subframe is denoted as N PS , N PS is an even number greater than 0. For the first type of subframe, there is a symbol in the first type of subframe that is both a pilot symbol and a frame synchronization symbol, that is, Fig.11 The number of frame synchronization symbols in the first type of subframe is denoted by N. FAW , N FAW is an odd number. FAWThe frame synchronization symbols include the symbol indicated by the dotted box, N PS The pilot symbols also include the symbol indicated by the dotted box. FAW The frame synchronization symbols are arranged from the beginning of the first type of subframe, N FAW The symbol at the starting position of the frame synchronization symbol is both a frame synchronization symbol and a pilot symbol. That is, the first symbol of the first type of subframe is the first symbol of the frame synchronization symbol sequence and the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence. In other words, the first symbol of the frame synchronization symbol sequence is also the first symbol in the pilot symbol sequence, and the first symbol of the frame synchronization symbol sequence has the same value as the first symbol in the pilot symbol sequence. Of course, Fig.11 The symbol indicated by the dashed box in (a) may also be N FAW Any one of the frame synchronization symbols is not limited in this application.

[0142] Fig.12 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the third structure of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 (a) in FIG. 1 shows the structure of the first type of subframe, which includes pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, reserved symbols, and payload symbols. Usually, the first type of subframe is the subframe arranged in the first position in the superframe, but it is not excluded that it is located in other positions in the superframe. For example, the first type of subframe can also be the subframe arranged in the last position in the superframe. The other subframes in the superframe except the first type of subframe are the second type of subframes, such as Fig.12 As shown in (b), the second type of subframe is different from the first type of subframe. The second type of subframe includes pilot symbols and payload symbols, but does not include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols.

[0143] For the first type of subframe and the second type of subframe, each subframe includes a pilot symbol, which is used for carrier phase recovery. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in a subframe is denoted as N PS , N PS is an even number greater than 0. For the first type of subframe, the number of frame synchronization symbols in the first type of subframe is recorded as N FAW , N FAW is an even number. Usually, the starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol, N FAW A frame synchronization symbol is arranged adjacent to the pilot symbol.

[0144] It should be noted that the above Figure 10-12Taking the first type of subframe shown as an example, the embodiment of the present application uses at least one reserved symbol in the first type of subframe in at least one polarization direction to indicate a change in the data transmission rate. For the sake of ease of introduction, the reserved symbol used to indicate a change in the data transmission rate can be referred to as a target reserved symbol or a rate switching identifier. The position of the symbol is still in the reserved reserved symbol position. The present application does not limit the naming of the reserved symbol used to indicate the rate switching. The following is an introduction using the rate switching identifier as an example. In addition, the first type of subframe that includes the reserved symbol in the superframe can also be referred to as a target subframe to distinguish it from other subframes that do not include the reserved symbol in the superframe. In actual applications, if the channel quality changes or the client-side demand changes, the transmitter can replace the original reserved symbol inserted in the framing process with a rate switching identifier used to indicate the rate switching in the first type of subframe or subframes of one or more superframes.

[0145] It should be understood that in actual applications, the specific number of reserved symbols used to indicate rate switching depends on the number of reserved symbols actually available, and this application does not limit it. For example, in a 400G optical transmission scenario, the number of reserved symbols in the first type of subframe is 76. For another example, in an 800G optical transmission scenario, the number of reserved symbols in the first type of subframe is 74. In actual applications, other reserved symbols except for reserved symbols that have been defined for use can be used to indicate rate switching. The embodiment of the present application can define the reserved symbol position for indicating rate switching according to actual conditions, that is, this part of the reserved symbols is reserved for indicating rate switching and is no longer used for other purposes. In this way, in a scenario where rate switching is required, the reserved symbol position reserved in the superframe can be replaced with a rate switching identifier or a rate switching identifier for indicating rate switching. In one possible scenario, multiple reserved symbols of the first type of subframe in one polarization direction are used together to indicate rate switching. In another possible scenario, multiple reserved symbols of the first type of subframe in two polarization directions are used together to indicate rate switching. In yet another possible scenario, multiple reserved symbols of multiple superframes are commonly used to indicate rate switching.

[0146] In some possible scenarios, the reserved symbol in the first type of subframe can be used to indicate not only a change in the data transmission rate, but also a change in the data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the reserved symbol, the receiving end can not only know that the sending end will transmit data at a new rate, but also know at what specific rate the sending end transmits data. As an example, the number of superframes carrying rate switching identifiers can be used to indicate different data transmission rates. Taking V superframes as an example (V is an integer greater than 1), the receiving end determines how many of the V superframes carry rate switching identifiers by detecting the V superframes. Each detection result corresponds to an indication of a specific transmission rate. A possible application scenario is described below.

[0147] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of a scenario of switching between different rate modes in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.13 As shown, there are three switchings between different rates in the transmission system, and the receiving end needs to use the results of continuous detection of two superframes. If the receiving end only successfully detects that one of the superframes carries the rate switching identifier, the original rate mode 1 needs to be switched to rate mode 2, the original rate mode 2 needs to be switched to rate mode 1, and the original rate mode 3 needs to be switched to rate mode 1. If the receiving end successfully detects that both superframes carry the rate switching identifier, the original rate mode 1 needs to be switched to rate mode 3, the original rate mode 2 needs to be switched to rate mode 3, and the original rate mode 3 needs to be switched to rate mode 2.

[0148] It should be noted that each rate switching identifier can be one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, which is convenient for flexibly selecting the symbol of the rate switching identifier on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used according to actual needs, for example, it can improve sensitivity, and for example, it can reduce noise. Among them, A is a real number. In the embodiment of the present application, the value of A is determined by the modulation format used when generating the symbol.

[0149] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.15 It is another schematic diagram of the constellation diagram in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application. In some practical application scenarios, -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj are symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. For example, QPSK is used, there are 4 symbols, and A=1 or -1. Each reserved symbol can be represented by one of -1-1j, -1+1j, 1-1j and 1+1j. In the first type of subframe, the reserved symbols represented by the four complex numbers will exist. For another example, 16QAM is used, there are 16 symbols, and A=1, -1, 3 or -3. Usually, the reserved symbols are the outermost 4 symbols on the constellation diagram, such as Fig.14 As shown by the hollow symbols in (a), when A = 3 or -3, each reserved symbol can be represented by one of -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j and 3+3j. Similarly, using 64QAM, there are 64 symbols, then A = 1, -1, 3, -3, 5, -5, 7 or -7. Usually, in the complex number representing the reserved symbol, A = 5, -5, 7 or -7. Assuming A = 7 or -7, as Fig.15 As shown by the hollow symbols in (a), each reserved symbol can be represented by one of -7-7j, -7+7j, 7-7j and 7+7j. In addition, a higher-order modulation format can be used, which will not be described in detail in this application. In the actual transmission process, the probability of symbol error can be reduced, which is convenient for channel estimation.

[0150] It should be noted that it is also possible to compress the symbols on the constellation diagram, and accordingly, the value of A will also be compressed accordingly. Taking 16QAM as an example, the power of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram is normalized, and the value becomes The value of A is or Taking 64QAM as an example, the power of 64 symbols on the 64QAM constellation diagram is normalized. At this time, the value becomes

[0151] The value of A is or In addition, other normalization methods may also be used, which are not limited in this application.

[0152] It should be understood that when the reserved symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj use the outermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram, the sensitivity of the reserved symbols is higher, but the peak to average power ratio is larger. When the reserved symbol values ​​-A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj use the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram, the noise of the reserved symbols is smaller, but its sensitivity is lower.

[0153] It should be noted that in some practical application scenarios, the reserved symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj may not be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used, but may be 4 symbols in the middle area between the outermost 4 symbols and the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram. In this case, the noise and sensitivity of the reserved symbols are average, but the peak-to-average power ratio is relatively low. Taking 16QAM as an example, the values ​​of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram are one of {±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j, ±3±3j}, and the value of the real number A satisfies 1≤A≤3. More specifically, if Fig.14 As shown in (b) in the figure, the outermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram are 3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, -3-3j, and the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram are 1+1j, 1-1j, -1+1j, -1-1j. The values ​​of the reserved symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj can be any 4 symbols in the middle area between the outermost 4 symbols and the innermost 4 symbols of the 16QAM constellation diagram. The specific value of the real number A can be selected according to the actual application scenario so that the peak-to-average power ratio, noise and sensitivity of the reserved symbols have a good compromise. For example, the real number The reserved symbols have the following values: In addition, when the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation are power normalized, the value is One of the values ​​of real number A satisfies For example, real numbers The reserved symbols have the following values: Taking 64QAM as an example, the values ​​of the 64 symbols on the 64QAM constellation are one of {±1±1j,±1±3j,±1±5j,±1±7j,±3±1j,±5±1j,±7±1j,±3±3j,±3±5j,±3±7j,±5±3j,±7±3j,±5±5j,±5±7j,±7±5j,±7±7j}, and the value of the real number A satisfies 1≤A≤7. More specifically, as Fig.15 As shown in (b) in the figure, the outermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram are 7+7j, 7-7j, -7+7j, -7-7j, and the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram are 1+1j, 1-1j, -1+1j, -1-1j. The values ​​of the reserved symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj can be any 4 symbols in the middle area between the outermost 4 symbols and the innermost 4 symbols of the 64QAM constellation diagram. The specific value of the real number A can be selected according to the actual application scenario so that the peak-to-average power ratio, noise and sensitivity of the reserved symbols have a good compromise. For example, the real number The reserved symbols have the following values: In addition, when the 64 symbols on the 64QAM constellation are power normalized, the value is

[0154] One of the values ​​of real number A satisfies For example, real numbers The reserved symbols have the following values: One of them.

[0155] In one possible scenario, multiple rate switching identifiers in a first type of subframe are used together to indicate rate switching. These multiple rate switching identifiers may use a pseudo-random sequence with good correlation, so that the receiving end can more easily identify the rate switching identifier in the superframe. Among them, these multiple rate switching identifiers may be continuous or discontinuous. In another possible scenario, the rate switching identifier after replacement in the first type of subframe is the reciprocal of the original reserved symbol before replacement. For example, if the original reserved symbol before replacement is -A-Aj, then the rate switching identifier after replacement is A+Aj. This design is more conducive to the receiving end accurately identifying the rate switching identifier used to indicate rate switching from the reserved symbol sequence, thereby reducing the false detection rate.

[0156] It should be noted that in the first type of subframe, the sum of the real parts of all rate switching identifiers in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all rate switching identifiers in one polarization direction is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality. It should also be noted that in the first type of subframe, the number of all rate switching identifiers in one polarization direction, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, differs from each other by less than or equal to 2, which effectively ensures that the number of each reserved symbol in one polarization direction approaches balance.

[0157] Embodiment 2: using one or more inserted padding bits to indicate rate switching.

[0158] The transmitting end first performs the first FEC encoding on the data sequence to be encoded to obtain the first bit set. Then, multiple padding bits are added to the first bit set to obtain the second bit set. Then, the second bit set is subjected to the second FEC encoding to obtain the third bit set. The first FEC encoding can be understood as the above Figures 3 to 6 The outer code shown in the second FEC code can be understood as the above Figures 3 to 6 The inner code shown in .

[0159] It should be noted that the bit sets and bit subsets in the specification and claims of this application are concepts introduced only for the convenience of description. In practical applications, the data stream is a whole and there is no division, and each bit set and bit subset can be regarded as one or more bits in the data stream. It should be understood that the bit set and bit subset can also be presented in the form of a matrix, an array, etc., which is not specifically limited here.

[0160] Fig.16 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison between the first bit set and the second bit set in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.16 As shown, the first bit set can be represented in the form of a row-column matrix, that is, the first bit set includes multiple rows and columns of bits. Among them, the first bit set includes information bits participating in the outer code encoding and check bits obtained by the outer code encoding. For example, the 1st bit to the ath bit of each row in the first bit set are used to carry the information bits encoded by the outer code, and the a+1th bit to the a+bth bit of each row in the first bit set are used to carry other types of bits such as check bits except information bits, and a and b are both integers greater than 1. The second bit set adds multiple padding bits every r rows on the basis of the first bit set, wherein the value of r and the specific number of padding bits depend on the actual application scenario, which is not limited here. Several possible application scenarios are introduced below.

[0161] Fig.17 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second bit set. Fig.17 As shown in the figure, in the 400G ZR scenario, the second bit set includes 10970 columns of bits, of which the first 10280 columns are used to carry information bits encoded by the outer code, and the last 690 columns are used to carry other types of bits such as check bits in addition to information bits. 6×119=714 padding bits are added to every 119 rows in the second bit set.

[0162] Fig.18 is another structural diagram of the second bit set. Fig.18 As shown, in the 400G ZR+ scenario, 992 padding bits are added to the second bit set based on every 116 rows with a total of 1,192,480 bits.

[0163] Fig.19 is another structural diagram of the second bit set. Fig.19 As shown, in the 800G ZR scenario, bits that have been cyclically redundancy checked (CRC) are inserted into every 4 rows of the second bit set. Typically, CRC uses CRC-32 check. 64 padding bits are added to every 116 rows of 1,192,480 bits in the second bit set.

[0164] It should be understood that the padding bits are mainly added to adapt to the inner code encoding method and have no practical effect. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application uses at least one padding bit to indicate a change in the data transmission rate. For the sake of ease of introduction, the padding bits used to indicate a change in the data transmission rate can be referred to as target padding bits or rate switching identification bits. The position of the padding bits is still in the reserved padding bit position. The present application does not limit the naming of the padding bits used to indicate rate switching. The following is introduced by taking the rate switching identification bit as an example. The specific number of rate switching identification bits is not limited here. In practical applications, if the channel quality changes or the client-side requirements change, the transmitter can design a specific value for the padding bit used to indicate the rate switching as the rate switching identification bit. Taking multiple rate switching identification bits jointly indicating the rate switching as an example, the value of each rate switching identification bit is 0 or 1, and the sequence composed of multiple rate switching identification bits can take values ​​of all 0, or all 1, or any designed value.

[0165] In some possible scenarios, the rate switching identification bit can be used to indicate not only the change in data transmission rate, but also the changed data transmission rate. That is, by identifying the rate switching identification bit, the receiving end can know that the sending end will transmit data at the new rate, and can also know the specific rate at which the sending end transmits data.

[0166] As an example, different data transmission rates can be indicated according to the number of padding bits used to indicate rate switching, that is, the number of rate switching identification bits is used to indicate a specific data transmission rate. Taking V preset padding bit positions as an example (V is an integer greater than 1), the receiving end determines how many reserved positions carry rate switching identification bits by detecting the V preset padding bit positions, and each detection result corresponds to an indication of a specific transmission rate. For example, you can refer to Fig.13 In the scenario shown, there are three different rate switches in the transmission system, and the receiving end needs to use the results of continuous detection of two preset padding bit positions. If the receiving end only successfully detects one of the padding bits as the rate switching identification bit, the original rate mode 1 needs to be switched to rate mode 2, the original rate mode 2 needs to be switched to rate mode 1, and the original rate mode 3 needs to be switched to rate mode 1. If the receiving end successfully detects both padding bits as rate switching identification bits, the original rate mode 1 needs to be switched to rate mode 3, the original rate mode 2 needs to be switched to rate mode 3, and the original rate mode 3 needs to be switched to rate mode 2.

[0167] As another example, since the bit error rate of the hard decision of FEC decoding is low, the specific data transmission rate can also be indicated according to the value of the rate switching identification bit. In a scenario including multiple rate switching identification bits, the receiving end determines the values ​​of multiple rate switching identification bits through the hard decision of FEC decoding, wherein the values ​​of these multiple rate switching identification bits are not unique, and each value result corresponds to an indication of a specific transmission rate. Taking 3 rate switching identification bits as an example, the values ​​of the 3 rate switching identification bits can be 010, 110, 101, etc., and each value result corresponds to a transmission rate.

[0168] 102. The transmitting end sends a superframe to the receiving end.

[0169] The superframe sent by the transmitting end will reach the receiving end through the channel transmission. It should be noted that after the transmitting end sends the superframe carrying the rate switching flag, it will use the new rate mode to process the data to be sent, thereby realizing the switching of the data transmission rate.

[0170] Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of simulating symbol data flow in the embodiment of the present application. Fig. 20 As shown in some possible scenarios, after the digital to analog conversion (DAC), the superframe symbol data stream can be regarded as four analog symbol data streams, which are marked as X and I , X Q , Y I and Y Q Among them, X I Simulate symbolic data flow and X Q The analog symbol data streams correspond to the real part sequence data stream and the imaginary part sequence data stream in the X polarization direction respectively. I Simulate symbolic data flow and Y Q The analog symbol data streams correspond to the real part sequence data stream and the imaginary part sequence data stream in the Y polarization direction. It should be understood that the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are two mutually orthogonal polarization directions, and there are two mutually orthogonal phase channels in each polarization direction, namely I (In-phase) and Q (Quadrature), and I and Q correspond to the real part sequence data stream and the imaginary part sequence data stream, respectively.

[0171] 103. The receiving end identifies a rate switching flag in the superframe.

[0172] It should be understood that what the receiving end receives is data after being transmitted through the channel, which can be understood as a distorted signal affected by noise or other damage in the channel. The data received by the receiving end includes the superframe sent by the transmitting end, but the data received by the receiving end is not aligned with the data sent by the transmitting end. Therefore, the receiving end needs to perform frame synchronization, polarization demultiplexing and phase recovery on the received data to obtain the superframe sent by the transmitting end. Then, the receiving end executes the above Figures 3 to 6 The inverse operation of the first data processing and the second data processing in the above step 101 is used to obtain the original data sent by the transmitting end. Considering that the above step 101 introduces two ways of carrying the rate switching identifier in the data, the corresponding ways of identifying the rate switching identifier are introduced here for these two ways.

[0173] Implementation 1: Identify reserved symbols in a superframe for indicating rate switching.

[0174] As an example, the receiving end and the transmitting end may negotiate in advance the specific design of the reserved symbol for indicating the rate switching, that is, the receiving end may pre-store the rate switching identifier. Furthermore, the receiving end performs correlation processing on the acquired superframe according to the pre-stored rate switching identifier to determine whether the superframe carries the rate switching identifier. Specifically, if the correlation peak obtained by the correlation processing is less than or equal to the first preset value, it indicates that the rate switching identifier is not detected. If the correlation peak obtained by the correlation processing is greater than the first preset value, it indicates that the rate switching identifier is detected. Among them, the first preset value can be set to the correlation value when there are only M positions of symbol errors, 0≤M≤N1 / 2, and N1 is the number of rate switching identifiers.

[0175] The missed detection rate can be expressed by the following formula (1):

[0176] Where P C is the symbol error rate.

[0177] The false positive rate can be expressed by the following formula (2):

[0178] Where P E is the probability of misjudging a rate switch identifier.

[0179] For example, N1 = 24, which can be 24 rate switching identifiers in one polarization direction, or 12 rate switching identifiers in both the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction. Where M = 12, BER = 1.25e-2. The corresponding P C is 2.5e-2, and the missed detection rate is 3.33e-15 according to formula (1). The corresponding P E The maximum is 1.25e-2. According to formula (2), the false positive rate is less than 1e-16.

[0180] As another example, the receiving end and the transmitting end may negotiate in advance the specific design and carrying position of the reserved symbol for indicating the rate switching, that is, the receiving end may pre-store the rate switching identifier and its carrying position. Furthermore, the receiving end detects the position in the superframe used to carry the rate switching identifier to determine whether the superframe carries the rate switching identifier. Specifically, if the number of symbols detected with errors is greater than or equal to the second preset value, it indicates that the rate switching identifier is not detected. If the number of symbols detected with errors is less than the second preset value, it indicates that the rate switching identifier is detected. The second preset value is denoted as M, 0≤M≤N1 / 2, and N1 is the number of rate switching identifiers.

[0181] For example, N1 = 24, which can be 24 rate switching identifiers in one polarization direction, or 12 rate switching identifiers in both the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction. Where M = 12, BER = 1.25e-2. The corresponding P C is 2.5e-2, and the missed detection rate is 3.33e-15 according to formula (1). The corresponding P E The maximum is 1.25e-2. According to formula (2), the false positive rate is less than 1e-16.

[0182] Implementation method 2: identifying padding bits in a decoded bit set used to indicate rate switching.

[0183] After the receiving end performs frame synchronization, polarization demultiplexing and phase recovery on the received data to obtain a superframe, it first performs the above Figures 3 to 6 The inverse operation of the second data processing in the inner code is then decoded to obtain a bit set, which includes the padding bits added by the sending end. The receiving end and the sending end can negotiate in advance the specific design and carrying position of the padding bits used to indicate the rate switching, that is, the receiving end can pre-store the rate switching identification bits and their carrying positions. Furthermore, the receiving end detects the position used to carry the rate switching identification bits in the bit set after the inner code decoding to determine whether the bit set carries the rate switching identification bits. Specifically, if the number of bits detected in error is greater than or equal to the third preset value, it indicates that the rate switching identification bit is not detected. If the number of bits detected in error is less than the third preset value, it indicates that the rate switching identification bit is detected. Among them, the number of bits detected in error is recorded as W, 0≤W≤N2 / 2, and N2 is the number of rate switching identification bits.

[0184] Its missed detection rate and false detection rate can be expressed by the following formula (3):

[0185] Where P B is the bit error rate.

[0186] For example: N2 = 15, W = 7, BER = 4.5e-3. The corresponding P B It is 4.5e-3. According to formula (3), the missed detection rate and false detection rate are 3.33e-16.

[0187] 104. The receiving end processes data according to the new rate mode.

[0188] In one possible scenario, for implementation 1 in step 103, if the receiving end detects a rate switching identifier from one of the superframes, the receiving end can adopt a new rate mode for data processing starting from a superframe at any position after the superframe, depending on which superframe the sending end starts to adopt the new rate mode for data processing. A possible scenario is introduced below.

[0189] Fig.21 Schematic diagram of an application scenario in which a receiving end performs rate switching in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.21 As shown, the receiving end processes data in rate mode 1 for superframe 1 and superframe 2, and the receiving end detects the rate switching identifier in superframe 2, thereby preparing to start rate switching. The receiving end may process data in rate mode 2 for subsequent superframes starting from superframe 3, or the receiving end may process data in rate mode 2 for subsequent superframes starting from superframe 4.

[0190] In another possible scenario, for implementation mode 2 in step 103, if the receiving end identifies a rate switching identification bit from the bit set after the inner code decoding, the receiving end can adopt a new rate mode to process data starting from the position after the rate switching identification bit in the bit set. Fig.17 Taking the scenario shown as an example, the receiving end uses rate mode 1 to process the bits of the first 228 rows in the bit set, and the receiving end detects the rate switching identification bit in the 714 padding bits at the end of the 228th row in the bit set. The receiving end can use rate mode 2 to process data starting from the 229th row of the bit set or any row after the 229th row. It should be understood that since this embodiment detects the bit set after inner code decoding to identify the rate switching identification bit, the sending end usually needs to delay for a period of time after sending the rate switching identification bit before sending data at the new transmission rate, and the delay time is greater than the time required for inner code decoding.

[0191] Fig. 22 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 22As shown, the sending device includes: a processing unit 201 and a sending unit 202. The processing unit 201 is used to perform the operation of the above step 101, and the sending unit 202 is used to perform the operation of the above step 102. It should be understood that the sending device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above sending device is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated in a processing unit, or they can be independent physical units, or two or more functional units can be integrated in a processing unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0192] Fig.23 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.23 As shown, the receiving device includes: a receiving unit 301 and a processing unit 302. The receiving unit 301 is used to perform the operation of the above step 102, and the processing unit 302 is used to perform the operations of the above steps 103 and 104. It should be understood that the receiving device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above-mentioned receiving device is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in a processing unit, or it can be each independent physical unit, or two or more functional units can be integrated in a processing unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0193] Fig.24 FIG. 2 is another structural diagram of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.24 As shown, the sending device includes a processor 401 and an interface circuit 402. The processor 401 is used to perform the operation of the above step 101, and the interface circuit 402 is used to perform the operation of the above step 101. The interface circuit 402 can be a transceiver or an input-output interface, and the interface circuit 402 is used to receive a signal from another device outside the sending device and transmit it to the processor 401 or send the signal from the processor 401 to another device outside the sending device. Optionally, the sending device may also include a memory 403, wherein the memory 403 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0194] Fig.25 FIG. 2 is another structural diagram of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.25As shown, the receiving device includes a processor 501 and an interface circuit 502. The interface circuit 502 is used to perform the operation of the above step 102, and the processor 501 is used to perform the operations of the above steps 103 and 104. The interface circuit 502 can be a transceiver or an input-output interface, and the interface circuit 502 is used to receive signals from other devices outside the receiving device and transmit them to the processor 501 or send signals from the processor 501 to other devices outside the receiving device. Optionally, the receiving device may also include a memory 503, wherein the memory 503 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0195] The embodiment of the present application also provides a chip. The chip integrates a circuit and one or more interfaces for implementing the functions of the above-mentioned processor 401 or processor 501. As an example, the chip integrates a memory. As another example, when the chip does not integrate a memory, it can be connected to an external memory through an interface. The chip can complete the method steps of any one or more of the above-mentioned embodiments. Alternatively, the chip implements the actions performed by the data processing device in the above-mentioned embodiment according to the program code stored in the memory.

[0196] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, including a program or an instruction. When the program or the instruction is executed on a computer, the method executed by the processor 401 or the processor 501 in the above method embodiment is implemented.

[0197] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or by software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor implemented by reading software code stored in a memory.

[0198] As an example, the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0199] In the embodiments of the present application, the memory may be a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a mobile hard disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be a component of the processor. The processor and the storage medium may be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC may be located in a network device or a terminal device. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also be present in a network device or a terminal device as discrete components.

[0200] In the above embodiments, all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.

[0201] When implemented using hardware, the data processing method provided in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented without reading software codes or instructions. For example, it may be implemented by a CPU, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0202] When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instruction is loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is performed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a terminal device, or other programmable device. The computer program or instruction may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted via the computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; it may also be an optical medium, such as a DVD; it may also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state disk (SSD).

[0203] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: include: Acquire at least one superframe, the superframe comprising a plurality of subframes, a target subframe in the superframe in one polarization direction comprising a plurality of pilot symbols, a plurality of frame synchronization symbols and a plurality of reserved symbols, and at least one target reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate a change in a data transmission rate; At least one of the superframes is transmitted.

2. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The target reserved symbol is also used to indicate a changed data transmission rate.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that At least one superframe among the multiple superframes includes the target reserved symbol, and the number of superframes carrying the target reserved symbol among the multiple superframes is used to indicate the changed data transmission rate.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Acquiring at least one of the superframes comprises: At least one reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is replaced with the corresponding target reserved symbol.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The multiple target reserved symbols in the target subframe in at least one polarization direction are used to indicate that a data transmission rate has changed, and the multiple target reserved symbols are a pseudo-random sequence.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The target reserved symbol and the corresponding reserved symbol before replacement are opposite numbers of each other.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Each of the target reserved symbols is one of four complex numbers: -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is a real number.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, A=-1 or 1; or, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√5 or √5; or, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the target reserved symbol is 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation 64QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√21, √21, -5, 5, -7 or 7.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The sum of real parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of imaginary parts of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction is 0.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that The number of all target reserved symbols of the target subframe in one polarization direction having values ​​of -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj is less than or equal to 2.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The target subframe is a subframe arranged at the first position in the superframe.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The target subframe further includes a plurality of training symbols and / or a plurality of pre-framing symbols.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that Every H consecutive symbols in the target subframe include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, where H=32, 64, 96 or 128.

14. A data processing method, characterized in that: include: Acquire a superframe transmitted through a channel, wherein the superframe includes multiple subframes, a target subframe in the superframe in one polarization direction includes multiple pilot symbols, multiple frame synchronization symbols, and multiple reserved symbols, and at least one of the target reserved symbols of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate that a data transmission rate has changed; Target reserved symbols in the superframe are identified.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that Identifying a target reserved symbol in the superframe includes: The superframe is subjected to correlation processing according to a preset target reserved symbol to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe, wherein a correlation peak obtained through the correlation processing is greater than a first preset value.

16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that Identifying a target reserved symbol in the superframe includes: Acquire a position in the superframe for carrying the target reserved symbol; A position in the superframe used to carry the target reserved symbol is detected to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe, wherein the number of symbols detected in error is less than a second preset value.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that Acquiring a superframe transmitted through a channel includes: Receiving a data stream transmitted through a channel; The data stream is subjected to frame synchronization, polarization demultiplexing and phase recovery to obtain the superframe.

18. A sending device, characterized in that: The sending device comprises: a processing unit and a sending unit; The processing unit is used to: acquire at least one superframe, the superframe includes multiple subframes, the target subframe in the superframe in one polarization direction includes multiple pilot symbols, multiple frame synchronization symbols and multiple reserved symbols, and at least one target reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate that the data transmission rate changes; The sending unit is used to send at least one of the superframes.

19. The transmitting device according to claim 18, characterized in that The target reserved symbol is also used to indicate a changed data transmission rate.

20. The transmitting device according to claim 19, characterized in that At least one superframe among the multiple superframes includes the target reserved symbol, and the number of superframes carrying the target reserved symbol among the multiple superframes is used to indicate the changed data transmission rate.

21. The transmitting device according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that: The processing unit is specifically used for: At least one reserved symbol of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is replaced with the corresponding target reserved symbol.

22. The transmitting device according to claim 21, characterized in that The multiple target reserved symbols in the target subframe in at least one polarization direction are used to indicate that a data transmission rate has changed, and the multiple target reserved symbols are a pseudo-random sequence.

23. The transmitting device according to claim 22, characterized in that The target reserved symbol and the corresponding reserved symbol before replacement are opposite numbers of each other.

24. A sending device, characterized in that: The sending device comprises a processor and an interface circuit, the processor is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and the interface circuit is used to send a superframe through a channel.

25. A receiving device, characterized in that: include: a receiving unit and a processing unit; The receiving unit is used to: obtain a superframe transmitted through a channel, wherein the superframe includes multiple subframes, a target subframe in the superframe in one polarization direction includes multiple pilot symbols, multiple frame synchronization symbols and multiple reserved symbols, and at least one of the target reserved symbols of the target subframe in at least one polarization direction is used to indicate that the data transmission rate changes; The processing unit is used for identifying target reserved symbols in the superframe.

26. The receiving device according to claim 25, characterized in that The processing unit is specifically used for: The superframe is subjected to correlation processing according to a preset target reserved symbol to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe, wherein a correlation peak obtained through the correlation processing is greater than a first preset value.

27. The receiving device according to claim 25, characterized in that The processing unit is specifically used for: Acquire a position in the superframe for carrying the target reserved symbol; A position in the superframe used to carry the target reserved symbol is detected to identify the target reserved symbol in the superframe, wherein the number of symbols detected in error is less than a second preset value.

28. A receiving device, characterized in that: The receiving device comprises a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is used to obtain a superframe transmitted through a channel, and the processor is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 14 to 17.

29. A data transmission system, characterized in that: The data transmission system comprises a transmitting device according to any one of claims 18 to 24 and a receiving device according to any one of claims 25 to 28.

30. A chip, characterized in that: The chip comprises a processor configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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