Disk sorting machine with protective sleeve

Abstract

The present invention relates to a separating and sorting machine for processing heterogeneous products from completely different sources in order to obtain a desired fractionation of the components present in the material to be processed, the separation being preferably ultimately determined for specific uses, the machine providing a plurality of organized selector units (10, 110) cooperating with one another, each selector unit comprises a rotating shaft (12), a desired plurality of selector traction disks (11, 111), and a plurality of tubular elements (14) preventing winding of long elements on the rotating shaft (12).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an improved machine for separating-sorting fragmented material, for example fragments from solid waste or even from untreated wood, advantageously but not exclusively for obtaining fragments or similar, similar or assimilable products in wood, plastic or other materials.

[0002] More precisely, the present invention relates to separation-sorting machines that have to process split material of heterogeneous products coming from completely different sources in order to obtain the desired separation of the components present in the material to be processed. The separation must be performed in a manner ultimately determined for the particular application. The practical application of the invention, in particular but not exclusively in the case of obtaining fragments, allows obtaining better specific and general yields than known techniques. Background Art

[0003] The separation-sorting machine that the present invention relates to is a disc screen, which has multiple shafts or axes, which are usually parallel to each other. Usually, the shafts are coplanar, but they can also be positioned on two or more heights, that is, or even in a non-horizontal plane.

[0004] The shaft has a plurality of traction sheaves arranged at a distance from one another in a coordinated manner.

[0005] While helping to advance the material to be screened, the disc also prepares it for selection and selects it as required. The purpose of the separating-sorting screen according to the invention is to be able to process various wastes, waste materials or debris with adequate consistency, such as: industrial technical waste, solid urban waste, waste from various industrial processes in the wood, plastic, textile sectors and waste from the agricultural sector, such as compost, algae, herbs and generally loose and non-loose products. Furthermore, the aim is to solve the problems found in known sieves with selector discs when municipal or heterogeneous waste is to be processed; said problems occur because light, long and more or less flexible objects (such as wires, ropes, rags, plastic, paper or the like or similar products etc.) become entangled around the axis, providing movement to the rollers, thereby clogging the rollers and reducing the sorting capacity until they are eliminated.

[0006] In extreme cases this will inevitably lead to obstruction of the space between the axes and between the axes and the discs, rendering the screening action ineffective and reducing production.

[0007] It is well known that when manufacturing screens with selector discs, every effort should be made to avoid the aforementioned long, flexible and light objects from being wound around the axis of the rollers, so as not to block the screen itself, reduce the screen's sorting capacity, prolong the screen's sorting time due to a reduction in the sorting volume, and also to carry out necessary recovery interventions.

[0008] A known solution provides for the manufacture of a screen in which polygonal shaped discs are used which have lateral, axial or oblique extensions on the periphery, which extensions are usually provided on both sides. Known solutions have a cylindrical tubular element or a cylindrical sleeve surrounding the selector axis, freely and independently rotatable relative to the aforementioned axis. Said known solution with said cylindrical tubular element or cylindrical sleeve may cooperate with a weight arranged inside or outside said element.

[0009] It should be noted that in known solutions, axial or inclined extensions provided on both sides of the traction disk affect the hourly production because the discharge opening is significantly reduced and said extensions may also interact with the material, causing obstructions or other problems.

[0010] Furthermore, the fins provided on each side of the discs are affected by the impact (even violent impact) generated by the material to be processed, causing the fins to bend or allowing the material to be processed to slide between the discs, thereby creating blockages and obstructions that hinder the free flow of the material to be sorted.

[0011] A disadvantage of the known solution is that the cylindrical sleeve, which is circular in cross section, rotates on the shaft due to the friction between the shaft and the cylindrical sleeve on which the material to be treated is pressed. When the cylindrical sleeves rotate with the shaft, they carry along any elongated flexible elements, such as wires, rags, paper and plastic sheets, which tend to become entangled, creating tangles, and in order to remove these tangles, it is necessary to stop the machine and cut them with a cutting device, such as a grinder or the like.

[0012] In an attempt to address this problem, some solutions have been developed which involve pressurizing the cylindrical sleeve to counteract its tendency to rotate.

[0013] Document WO 2011 / 0456565 A1 describes a screen for separating solids, which comprises a plurality of rotating shafts on which selector disks are positioned alternately with sleeves, in which stabilizer bodies are arranged circumferentially. The sleeve comprises an inner tubular body and an outer tubular body, the dimensions of the inner tubular body corresponding to the dimensions of the rotating shafts, and the space between the two tubular bodies is filled with a filler material, in which the stabilizer bodies are immersed. A disadvantage of this solution is that the weight of the stabilizer bodies tends to wear the sleeves prematurely.

[0014] Document IT2020000021796A describes an improved screening system for glass recycling, comprising a plurality of rotating shafts on which are arranged selector discs provided with protruding teeth, which alternate with spacing elements having a full elliptical shape and comprising eccentrically arranged through holes, the dimensions of which are substantially equal to those of the rotating shafts. According to this document, the spacing elements can rotate even with a limited travel relative to the shafts, without solving the problems indicated above. Other known selector devices are described in EP1358020B1, EP3771499A1, US8646615B2 and EP3922356A1.

[0015] One purpose of the present invention is to create a separating and sorting machine capable of preventing the creation of lacings in the material to be treated, which could block the discharge gap between the rollers and impede its operation.

[0016] Another purpose is to prevent material from becoming entangled around the tubular element.

[0017] An object of the present invention is to provide a separation sorting machine which tends to better guarantee the sorting quality and which tends to achieve better output at the productivity level, by improving the traction capacity of the disc itself for the material to be sorted.

[0018] Furthermore, another object of the invention is to provide a separate sorting machine which is also suitable for processing pre-grinded pieces or chips of fresh or recycled wood which have to be sorted by thickness or even by reasonable length.

[0019] Yet another object of the present invention is to eliminate the need to provide counterweights which are often provided to prevent rotation of a tubular element arranged to cover the axis of rotation, which would prematurely wear the tubular element.

[0020] The technical problem that the present invention intends to solve is therefore to create a simplified separation sorting machine with discs suitable for screening urban solid waste and other materials similar thereto, as identified above by way of example.

[0021] At the same time, the invention has for its object to improve the pulling effect of the material to be treated, generally avoiding that filaments or the like and / or long, flexible and light or similar products are wound around the selector shaft. It is a further object of the present invention to significantly reduce or, more precisely, eliminate undesirable machine stoppages, such as those caused by entanglements or jams. Summary of the invention

[0022] The present invention relates to a perfected separation sorting machine suitable for processing heterogeneous products coming from completely different sources in order to obtain the desired separation of the components present in the material to be processed, said separation operation being ultimately determined for a specific use. The present invention provides that in a sorting machine, there are a plurality of selector units cooperating with each other, each selector unit comprising a rotating shaft, a plurality of improved selector traction disks and a plurality of tubular elements alternating with the selector traction disks, which prevent light, long and / or flexible elements or the like from winding around the rotating shaft.

[0023] The element preventing winding is preferably autonomous, ie it is not connected to the rotating shaft and / or the selector disk.

[0024] According to the invention, the plane in which the axes of the rollers lie does not necessarily have to be horizontal, i.e. everything is in the same plane. According to a variant, the sorting plane can also be inclined, or can have one or more steps; the steps can be horizontal, i.e. all or part of them can be inclined in the feed direction.

[0025] Still according to the invention, not all disks necessarily have to rotate at the same speed, since the distances between the axes may also be different in one or more of the cases to be treated.

[0026] The invention also provides a tubular anti-blocking element which is idle on the disc support shaft and has an oval shape between one selector disc and the other, which advantageously but not necessarily matches the cross section of the shaft. The tubular element substantially surrounds and protects the free portion of the rotating shaft arranged between two consecutive selector traction discs.

[0027] According to the invention, the tubular element has a hollow oval section defining a housing chamber for the rotation axis, wherein the housing chamber is configured to allow a vertical oscillating movement of the tubular element relative to the rotation axis.

[0028] In other words, the tubular element and the oval cross section of the housing are configured so that when the rotating shaft is inserted into the tubular element, a free space remains between the inner wall of the tubular element and the outer surface of the rotating shaft, which allows vibration, ie vertical movement of the tubular element.

[0029] By its very nature, the oval shape prevents entanglement since it does not rotate, while it allows sliding of long, light, flexible and / or thread-like or similar elements.

[0030] Furthermore, according to the invention, on the basis of studies and numerous experiments, the selector discs have a width suitable for the purpose from time to time; they are not provided with axial or oblique extensions on both sides of the traction disc, as in the known solutions, which would cause problems in many operating situations.

[0031] According to the invention, the disc has three to nine or more peripheral walls on the periphery, which generally have a flat or substantially flat surface, not necessarily uniform, which defines the polygonal shape of the disc. According to a first solution, at least one of the surfaces may be inhomogeneous with respect to the other surfaces.

[0032] According to a variant, the surface is homogeneous.

[0033] Furthermore, the surfaces are planar, but according to a variant, they may have surface modifications concerning planarity and / or surface shape. According to a first concept, at least one of the peripheral walls is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation. According to a first variant, at least one of the peripheral walls has an angle relative to the axis of rotation. According to another variant, this angle is not the same for all said flat peripheral walls of a disc and / or of the plurality of discs.

[0034] According to another variant, the surface of the peripheral wall may be provided with reliefs, ie a combination of the aforementioned modifications. Through these expedients, the range of materials that can be processed is significantly expanded, thus changing the results related to the products to be processed and also to the results sought.

[0035] In any of the possible embodiments identified above, the peripheral presence of a flat or substantially flat surface improves the pulling and sorting effects of the selector pulling disk; this is because the surface, and the wall function it performs, aids in pulling and interfering with the material, thereby aiding in sorting.

[0036] According to a variant, at least one of the side walls is orthogonal to the axis of rotation.

[0037] According to another variant, at least one of the side walls advantageously has an angle with respect to the axis of rotation, which angle may even be a few degrees, possibly in a negative direction, in order to avoid jamming and improve the sorting effect.

[0038] According to another variant, at least one surface of the peripheral wall of at least one selector disk may have a shape that is more or less rounded in various ways, ie pointed, ie with more or less prominent reliefs, depending on the material to be treated.

[0039] According to the invention, the selector disc has an outer periphery shaped like a polygon, advantageously but not restrictively, a solution with seven sides is considered to be preferred and is also the most common solution at the filing date of the invention with respect to the average material to be treated and the average desired result. However, it is also within the spirit of the invention to provide a fewer or greater number of sides, such as six or eight or nine sides, up to ten sides, depending on the type of material to be sorted and / or product desired, but in any case without the problematic peripheral lateral extensions present in the background art.

[0040] By means of the solution according to the invention, a machine is obtained capable of treating heterogeneous wastes, which can be equipped from time to time for specific or particular wastes, adapted to a wide variety of specific needs, and therefore of a type that can be finalized, which is not present in the background art. In fact, all the products on the market end up being pre-ground or fresh or recycled wood chips. Furthermore, with a machine made according to the invention, the length of the sorted product can be predetermined with good approximation.

[0041] Furthermore, according to the solution of the invention, the screening speed is not slowed down and no jamming occurs due to jamming, for example but not limited to between the lateral extensions of the selector disc.

[0042] One feature of the present invention is to avoid the situation in the background art whereby a free tubular element on the shaft tends to be driven in rotation and loses its proper capacity.

[0043] Furthermore, since there are no flat, cylindrical or V-shaped extensions on the side walls as is typical in the prior art, the debris will not be pulled or stuck between the side walls of the disks of two adjacent shafts, thereby slowing down the sorting speed and sometimes even causing a jam.

[0044] According to the invention, different conditions are provided to obtain the various components and their assembly so as to meet all requirements for a correct and desired sorting, depending on the starting material and the desired result. The specific arrangement of the invention also significantly reduces slowdowns and stoppages of the sorting machine and extends the availability of the sorting machine. Indeed, the present invention is intended to account for the considerable number of variables, including operational variables, which have and will achieve the desired outcome of the fragments to be sorted.

[0045] In fact, with the invention it is also possible to configure the separation sorting machine from time to time such that it meets the most occurring needs in order to obtain the desired fractions starting from the average value of the material to be sorted present on the market. This is because the separation sorting machine according to the invention allows to meet almost all requirements, allowing different combinations depending on the desired result in terms of sorting and sorting continuity.

[0046] The width of the selector pulling discs ranges from 20 mm to 100 mm, depending on the material to be sorted, and the discs can also be full or empty depending on the rotation speed and / or the type of material to be processed. According to a preferred embodiment, the width of the selector pulling disc ranges from 20 mm to 80 mm.

[0047] Similarly, the selector disk has a polygonal shape, the diameter of the (substantially but not necessarily) circumscribed circle of which may vary from about 200 mm to about 400 mm, depending on the material to be processed and the product sought.

[0048] The peripheral speed of the selector disk may advantageously be 1.0 m / sec to 1.4 m / sec According to the invention, the distance between the selector disc arranged on one shaft and the cooperating selector disc arranged on the other preceding or succeeding shaft varies from 8 mm to 60 mm, depending on the material to be processed and the product sought.

[0049] According to the invention, with the machine stationary, the closest distance of the outer periphery of the selector disc relative to the oval tubular anti-clogging element closest to the axis varies from 10 mm to 25 mm, depending on the material to be processed and the product sought.

[0050] The tubular element held floating on the shaft of the selector unit has essentially an oval shape with two smaller radii related to the diameter of the sorting shaft on which they are located.

[0051] Assuming a nominal diameter of the shaft equal to 100, the minimum internal width of the ring of the substantially oval tubular element will advantageously be between 112 and 125, while the minimum internal length will be between 119 and 144, these two dimensions being related to the diameter of the shaft; all this being related to the material to be treated and the product sought, the invention therefore comprises the minimum variations of the indicated values.

[0052] According to the invention, it is advantageous if the ring of the tubular element has a minimum thickness of 4-5 mm.

[0053] According to the invention, the lateral distance between two selector disks arranged on the respective adjacent shaft is in each case (from time to time) between 8 mm and 60 mm, while the width of the selector disks coordinated with the material to be processed is between 20 and 80 mm.

[0054] The lateral distance I can, in certain cases relevant to the sorting problem, be varied at least between two sets of selector disks.

[0055] According to the invention, the minimum distance between the selector disc and the tubular element cooperating directly therewith is between 10 mm and 25 mm, depending on the material to be treated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description of some preferred but not exclusive embodiments of the selector unit. The embodiments are illustrated by way of non-limiting example only in the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 A pair of selector units for a separate sorting machine according to the invention is shown, wherein the selector disc exemplarily has six sides; - Figure 2 A pair of selector units with a selector disk exemplarily having seven sides is shown; - Figure 3 and 4 Two possible embodiments of the arrangement are shown by way of example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In the drawings, a pair of selector units 10 suitable for use in a separate sorting machine 20 is shown.

[0058] A separation and sorting machine 20 for processing heterogeneous products is described in general, but the functional configuration from time to time is advantageously determined by the specific material to be processed, taking into account the product to be obtained, which defines the factors to be used. The material to be processed is of a comminuted type, for example it comes from solid waste or even wood chips.

[0059] Each selector unit 10 has a rotation axis 12 which can be cylindrical or polygonal and is twisted integrally with the selector traction disc 11, 111 by means of a key, pin or geometric ratio between the size of the axis 12 and the hole present in the selector disc 11. Hereinafter, the "selector pulling disc" will also be referred to as the "selector disc" or simply as the "disc".

[0060] Depending on the use factors and their positioning, the selector disc 11 can be empty or full.

[0061] Exemplarily, the selector disks 11 , 111 may be kept spaced apart by special spacer elements 19 having a tubular shape cooperating directly with the shaft 12 , or by locking / locating means not shown here. In the case shown, one selector disc 11 , 111 and said shaft 12 between the rear or front selector disc advantageously cooperate with a tubular covering element 14 which is advantageously freely movable relative to the shaft 12 .

[0062] The tubular element 14 may be arranged at least partially above the spacing element 19 .

[0063] The tubular element 14 is oval in shape, but may also be polygonal in shape, and may be substantially inscribed in an oval or similar shape. According to an embodiment, the tubular element 14 has a hollow oval section and defines a housing chamber 15 for the shaft 12 .

[0064] The housing chamber 15 enables a free space 16 to exist between the shaft 12 and the tubular element 14 (ie the inner surface of the tubular element), which is configured to allow a vibrating movement of the tubular element 14 relative to the shaft 12 .

[0065] The oval configuration of the tubular elements 14 allows them to be dragged in rotation during no-load operation, i.e., in the absence of material to be processed, by friction with the shaft 12. During normal operation, under the action of the material to be processed, the tubular elements 14 tend to rotate due to increased friction, but when engaged with the flexible elongated element that tends to curl upward, as the tubular elements 14 rotate, the lower portion of the oval tubular elements tends to move and rise relative to the vertical plane, contacting the material to be processed that is being pushed forward and pressing it back downward, thereby preventing rotation and thus preventing curling.

[0066] Due to the combination between the oval shape of the cross section and the free space 16, when the material to be treated is placed on the tubular element 14 and the tubular element 14 is deposited on the shaft 12, the tubular element 14 is actually only allowed a small oscillating movement relative to the vertical plane and is then brought back in the vertical direction, thereby preventing it from rotating relative to the shaft 12.

[0067] The weight of the material to be treated on the tubular element 14 causes it to creep on the shaft 12, but when it moves relative to the vertical plane, the weight of the material to be treated pressing thereon causes the tubular element 14 to return to its original position.

[0068] According to an embodiment, the minimum inner length of the oval cross-section of the tubular element 14 is between 1.05 and 1.2 times the minimum inner width. According to an embodiment, the minimum internal width is only slightly greater than the diameter of the shaft 12 or an equivalent diameter, for example between 1.1 and 1.25 times this diameter, whereby the free space 16 is defined between the shaft 12 and the length extension of the accommodation chamber 15. According to an embodiment, the extension of the free space 16 in the length direction is between 0.4 and 0.6 times the diameter of the shaft 12.

[0069] According to the invention, depending on the product to be treated, the minimum internal width of the oval section of the tubular element 14 will be between 112 mm and 125 mm, and the minimum internal length will be between 119 mm and 144 mm, based on the diameter of the shaft 12 (in the exemplary case, equal to 100 mm) or on the circle of the polygon in which the shaft 12 is inscribed, depending on the product to be treated, these two dimensions are related to the diameter of the shaft 12, depending on the material to be treated.

[0070] In other words, the inner distance between the two minimum correlations (i.e. between opposite points in the width direction) of the tubular element 14 is between 119 mm and 144 mm, while the inner distance between the two maximum correlations (i.e. between opposite points in the length direction) is between 112 mm and 125 mm, the sides being connected.

[0071] Advantageously, but not necessarily, the thickness S of the tubular element 14 will be between 4 and 6 mm, advantageously 5 mm.

[0072] Preferably, this thickness is constant over the entire peripheral development.

[0073] The disk 11, 111 has a polygonal configuration defined by a plurality of peripheral walls 17 and side walls 18. Depending on the product to be treated and the effect sought from time to time on the material to be processed, the periphery of the disk 11, 111 may be hexagonal, heptagonal or octagonal, or have nine or more faces 13 or sides. Depending on the material to be treated, the disc 11 , 111 has a width L of between 20 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 20 mm and 80 mm, and advantageously has no undercuts, but may have more or less inclined sides 13 .

[0074] Said side surface 13 with an orthogonal or inclined peripheral surface may be flat or have uniform or non-uniform defects, ie deterioration in the desired direction.

[0075] Depending on the type of material to be processed and the rotation speed, the rotating discs 11 , 111 perform the function of rebounding the material which then falls onto the discs.

[0076] According to the invention, the discs 11, 111 rotate at a peripheral speed of about 1.0 m / sec to about 1.4 m / sec, advantageously inversely proportional to the density / composition of the material to be treated.

[0077] exist Figure 1 In the example of , two discs 11 are shown, which have six faces 13, i.e. six sides, which are useful in the case of processing light materials (such as recycled dry wood), which will rebound strongly on the faces 13 of the discs 11, 111, receiving high energy and falling back after the movement away.

[0078] Due to the multiple repetitions of the action, these actions break up the material to be screened and improve its separation. The presence of a greater length of the face or side 13 relative to the inscribed diameter increases the upward projection and also improves the decomposition effect of the material produced by the fallback.

[0079] The surface shapes of the face 13 and of the side wall 18 determine different effects on the substance to be treated and on the individual components of said substance. Also shown are examples of selector units 110 having disks 111 having seven faces or sides 113 ( Figure 2 ), but depending on the material to be processed, discs with a greater number of sides, at least up to nine sides, can be provided. The disk 111 has seven faces or sides 113 (thus with respect to Figure 1 Discs with shorter sides, with the same inscribed diameter, are more suitable for processing heavy materials or materials heavier than those processed with discs 11 with six sides 13, such as wet chips of fresh wood, and these discs can be used advantageously because the chips can be broken down by fewer bounces.

[0080] Advantageously, when the material that has to be processed is more demanding or heavier than those previously indicated, such as compost or the like, which is friable and contains aggregates or heavy objects that could damage the selector disc, the disc 11, 111 can also have eight or nine sides, so that the sides are shorter with the same inscribed diameter.

[0081] According to the present invention having these features, various categories of known products can be benignly managed so as to be fragmented while achieving an excellent balance between productivity, management cost and maintenance cost.

[0082] exist Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the plate 11 is hollow and has a polygonal shape with six sides 13, while Figure 2In the exemplary embodiment of , the tray 111 is hollow and has a polygonal shape with seven sides 113 . As indicated, there can also be pans with eight or nine sides, depending on the type of material to be processed, and furthermore, the pans can also be full for reasons of durability and wear, depending on the material to be processed. In the screen, i.e. in the machine 20, depending on the material to be processed, the trays 11, 111 can be completely or partially empty, or completely or partially full, i.e. partly full and partly empty, e.g. in the first row concerned, the trays 11, 111 can be full and then in the last row they can also be empty.

[0083] The sides or faces 13, 113 of the disks 11, 111 may be flat or provided with surface modifications, i.e. curved or have lateral or differently positioned elevations or depressions, depending on the average structure of the product to be treated and therefore on the requirements arising from time to time.

[0084] As also indicated below, the invention makes it possible also to adjust the discs 11 , 111 according to the specific material to be ruptured, so as to rationally determine the result sought. A tubular element 14 having an oval shape is arranged between the disks 11 , 111 and cooperates with the free portion of the shaft 12 .

[0085] The width "L" of the disc 11, 111 varies with the average characteristics of the material to be treated and varies from about 20 mm to 100 mm, advantageously from about 20 mm to 80 mm.

[0086] It is possible, within the spirit of the invention, for the shaft 12 which in turn carries the discs to be equipped with discs 11 , 111 of different widths, if the material to be treated so requires.

[0087] Depending on the material to be treated, the side walls 18 of the disks 11, 111 can have a characteristic shape; thus, for example, they can be parallel, or one or both can be inclined towards the axis 12 so as to widen the spacing relative to the axis and thus avoid jamming; this solution depends on different factors, in particular the average type of material to be treated and the traction effect sought on the material to be treated.

[0088] Thus, the side wall 18 of the disk 11 , 111 may be substantially orthogonal to the axis 12 , or slightly inclined (either positively or negatively); said wall may be smooth or have a uniform deformation, or be of a different type so as to possibly facilitate rupture.

[0089] According to the present invention, the distance "g" between the outer periphery of the disk 11 of the selector unit 10 and the periphery of the tubular element 14 arranged on the shaft 12 of the adjacent selector unit 10 can be provided according to the product to be processed; usually a distance of about 10-25 mm is provided.

[0090] According to the invention, the distance between the traction shafts 12 of the separation and sorting machine 20 can be fixed, in which case the material to be processed must fall within a defined range.

[0091] However, it is contemplated that it is within the spirit of the present invention to position the shaft 12 within a desired distance range.

[0092] According to an embodiment, there may be at least two different distances between corresponding pairs of adjacent shafts 12 of the machine 20 .

[0093] According to the possible geometrical conceptions of the invention, there are two possible exemplary cases, depending on the end product sought, starting from the recycling of wood, obtaining small and large fragments respectively with the aim of finally obtaining particleboards: Example: A - Separation of small wood fragments 11, 111 - Selector plate: 250 mm external diameter; I - Opening / lateral distance: ≥10 mm (from 10 mm); L - width / thickness ≥ 30 mm (from 30 mm); g - Gap / distance: ≥12.5 mm (from 12.5 mm); N - Peripheral speed: ≥95 rpm / 1,24 m / sec (from95 rpm / 1,24 m / sec); Screen width: 1.6 m → Output: 12 / 17 m3 / h chips / roller; Screen width: 2.2 m → Output: 18 / 25 m3 / h chips / roller.

[0094] B - Separation of large wood fragments 11, 111 - Selector plate: 250 mm external diameter; I - Opening / lateral distance: ≥30 mm (from 30 mm); g - Gap / distance: ≥12.5 mm (from 12.5 mm); N - speed: ≥95 rpm (from 95 rpm); Screen width 1.6 m → output 22 / 27 m3 / h chips / roller; Screen width 2.2 m → output 32 / 37 m3 / h / chip / roller.

[0095] According to the present invention, generally: - the width L of the disk 11, 111 is between 20 mm and 80 mm; - the lateral distance I between two mating disks 11, 111 arranged on two adjacent shafts 12 is between 8 mm and 60 mm; The tubular element 14 in its rest position leaves a free space of 10 to 25 mm relative to the front or rear disc 11 , 111 with which it works.

[0096] Here, it is irrelevant how the small and large fragments are separated.

[0097] Solution ideas are proposed and relevant practical results are given for two different needs.

[0098] According to a variant, the distance between the axes of rotation 12 may be adjustable so as to be able to vary the range of products to be treated.

[0099] A practical embodiment of the invention has been shown, but variations using the solution idea are possible.

Claims

1. An improved separation and sorting machine, suitable for processing heterogeneous crushed materials and products to obtain the desired fractionation of the components present in the material to be processed, said machine providing a plurality of selector units (10, 110) organized in cooperation with each other, each selector unit comprising a rotating shaft (12) on which a desired plurality of selector traction disks (11, 111) are arranged and a plurality of tubular elements (14) alternating with said disks (11, 111), said tubular elements preventing the long flexible element from winding on said rotating shaft (12), characterized in that: - the tubular element (14) has a hollow oval cross-section defining a housing (15) for the rotating shaft (12), so that there is a free space (16) between the rotating shaft (12) and the tubular element (14), the free space being configured to allow a vibrating movement of the tubular element (14) relative to the rotating shaft (12); - said plurality of selector traction discs (11, 111) are spaced at desired intervals and are functional for said product to be processed and have a polygonal shape, wherein the side walls (18) are adjacent to a peripheral wall (17) defining a polygonal configuration, wherein said discs (11, 111) have a width (L) of 20 mm to 100 mm and said polygonal shape provides between six and nine faces (13, 113) which are substantially inscribed in a circle having a diameter of 200 mm to 400 mm constituting said polygonal configuration, the width (L) of said discs (11, 111) and the diameter of said circle being functionally related to the type of product to be processed and / or fragments to be obtained.

2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that The minimum inner length of the oval cross-section of the tubular element (14) is between 1.05 and 1.2 times the minimum inner width.

3. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The extension of the free space (16) in the longitudinal direction is between 0.4 and 0.6 times the diameter of the shaft (12).

4. The machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Relative to the diameter of the rotating shaft (12), assuming that the nominal diameter of the shaft (12) is equal to 100, the minimum internal width of the oval section of the tubular element (14) is between 112 and 125, and the minimum internal length is between 119 and 144, these two dimensions being related to the diameter of the rotating shaft (12).

5. The machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The selector traction disc (11, 111) keyed to the respective shaft (12) has a width (L) coordinated with the material to be processed, which is between 20 mm and 80 mm, and the polygonal perimeter has six, seven, eight or nine faces (13, 113) respectively, depending on the material to be processed.

6. A machine according to claim 1 or any one of the following claims 2 to 5, characterized in that The selector traction disc (11, 111) has sides (13, 113) of this peripheral polygon, advantageously but not necessarily orthogonal to the side walls, and has a width (L) between 20 mm and 80 mm, depending on the type of material to be processed.

7. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the subsequent claims 2 to 6, characterized in that Depending on the material to be processed, the mutual lateral distance (I) of the opposing selector traction discs (11, 111) is between 8 mm and 60 mm.

8. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 7, characterised in that Depending on the type of product to be recycled, depending on the material to be treated, the distance (g) between the peripheral portion of the disk (11, 111) furthest from its axis and the periphery of the adjacent rotation axis (12) it faces including the fixed tubular element (14) is between 10 mm and 25 mm.

9. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 8, characterised in that Depending on the material to be processed, the rotation speed of at least the plurality of disks (11, 111) is between 1.0 m / sec and 1.4 m / sec.

10. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 9, characterised in that The minimum thickness (S) of each tubular element (14) is between 4 mm and 6 mm.

11. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 10, characterised in that At least one of the peripheral walls (17) of at least one disk (11, 111) has a surface modification.

12. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 11, characterised in that At least one of the side walls (18) of at least one disk (11, 111) has a surface modification.

13. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 12, characterised in that At least one of the peripheral walls (17) of at least one disk (11, 111) has a flared portion that tapers toward the center.

14. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 13, characterised in that The width (L) of the disc (11, 111) is unequal in at least one axis (12).

15. A machine according to claim 1 or any of the following claims 2 to 14, characterised in that The machine has at least two different distances between consecutive axes (12).

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