Efficient soil loosening device and method for forest land planting

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient soil loosening device and method for forest land planting, and relates to the technical field of forest land planting. The efficient soil loosening device for forest land planting comprises a soil loosening box, a first-stage soil loosening mechanism is arranged in the soil loosening box, the first-stage soil loosening mechanism comprises a collecting mechanism, a soil loosening mechanism and a leveling mechanism, a detection mechanism is arranged in the soil loosening box, and the detection mechanism comprises a protection box fixedly installed in the soil loosening box. A plurality of detection rods extending out of the protection box are uniformly arranged in the protection box, a detection camera is fixedly mounted in the protection box, the detection mechanism further comprises an image acquisition unit, a data transmission module, a data processing unit and a soil loosening quality evaluation unit, and a secondary soil loosening mechanism is arranged in the soil loosening box. The soil loosening efficiency is improved, the soil loosening quality is guaranteed, and forest land planting is more efficient and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forest planting, and in particular to a high-efficiency soil loosening device and method for forest planting. Background Art

[0002] As the world's attention to forest resources has reached an unprecedented level, forest planting, as an important means to increase forest coverage, maintain ecological balance and ensure the sustainable supply of timber resources, is facing new development opportunities and severe challenges.

[0003] Efficient soil loosening plays a vital role in the process of forest planting. It can make the soil loose, increase the porosity of the soil, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and create a good environment for the growth of tree roots. Loose soil is conducive to the extension and rooting of the root system, so that trees can better absorb water and nutrients in the soil, thereby promoting the healthy growth of trees. At the same time, soil loosening can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, improve soil fertility, and provide a solid foundation for the long-term growth of trees.

[0004] Most of the existing forest loosening systems use simple rotating blades or rake tooth structures to achieve the loosening function. However, in this technology, due to the presence of many tree roots and large soil blocks in the forest, it is difficult to meet the loosening standard after one loosening operation. It is usually necessary to return for a second loosening operation to meet the loosening standard, which wastes working time and has low efficiency. Therefore, we propose an efficient soil loosening device and method for forest planting to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient soil loosening device and method for forest planting, which solves the problem that it is difficult to achieve the soil loosening standard in one loosening operation and usually requires returning for a second loosening operation to achieve the soil loosening standard.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an efficient soil loosening device for forest planting, including a soil loosening box, wherein a primary soil loosening mechanism and a secondary soil loosening mechanism are arranged in the soil loosening box, wherein the primary soil loosening mechanism includes a collecting mechanism, a soil loosening mechanism and a leveling mechanism, wherein the secondary soil loosening mechanism includes a conveying mechanism and a soil crushing mechanism, and further comprising: a detection mechanism arranged in the soil loosening box, wherein the detection mechanism includes a protective box installed in the soil loosening box through an electric push rod, wherein a plurality of detection rods extending outside the protective box are evenly arranged in the protective box, and a detection camera is fixedly arranged in the protective box; the detection mechanism also includes a comprehensive soil loosening quality index acquisition module, and a controller is also fixedly installed on the top of the soil loosening box, wherein the controller controls the start and shut down of the secondary soil loosening mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the collecting mechanism includes a rotating rod 1 rotatably mounted on the loosening box, and two groups of spiral blades 1 with the same specifications and opposite directions are symmetrically arranged on the rotating rod 1; the loosening mechanism includes two groups of baffles fixedly mounted on the top of the loosening box, and a rotating rod 2 penetrating the baffles is rotatably mounted on the loosening box, and a plurality of loosening knives are fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 2 between the baffles; the leveling mechanism includes a rotating rod 3 rotatably mounted on the loosening box, and spiral blades 2 with the same specifications and opposite directions as the spiral blade 1 are symmetrically arranged on the rotating rod 3; the rotating rod 1, the rotating rod 2 and the rotating rod 3 are all driven by the first driving assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, the first driving component includes a motor 1, a support plate 1 is fixedly mounted on the loosening box, the motor 1 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 1, and the output end of the motor 1 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 3; a pulley 1 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 3, a pulley 2 and a pulley 3 are fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 2, and a pulley 4 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 1, the pulley 1 and the pulley 2 are connected by a transmission belt 1, and the pulley 3 and the pulley 4 are connected by a transmission belt 2.

[0009] Furthermore, a circular plate is fixedly mounted on the detection rod, a spring connected to the protection box is arranged on the circular plate, and a stopper matched with the protection box is fixedly mounted on the detection rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the comprehensive loosening quality index acquisition module includes an image acquisition unit, a data processing unit and a loosening quality assessment unit, wherein: the image acquisition unit acquires the height position information of the tops of all detection rods in the protective box through a detection camera, and the height position information of the tops of the detection rods is sent to the data processing unit through a data transmission module; the data processing unit is used to calculate the flatness of the forest land based on the height position information of the tops of the detection rods, and send the flatness of the forest land to the loosening quality assessment unit; the loosening quality assessment unit is used to evaluate the loosening quality of the first-level loosening mechanism. If the loosening quality of the first-level loosening mechanism meets the standard, the second-level loosening mechanism will not be started. If the loosening quality of the first-level loosening mechanism does not meet the standard, the second-level loosening mechanism will be started through the controller.

[0011] Furthermore, the conveying mechanism includes two groups of rotating rods four rotatably mounted on the loosening box, a conveyor belt is connected between the rotating rods four, a plurality of shovel blades are fixedly mounted on the conveyor belt, and a plurality of leakage holes are provided on the shovel blades; the soil crushing mechanism includes two groups of vertical plates fixedly mounted in the loosening box, and the vertical plates are located below the conveyor belt, a rotating rod five located between the vertical plates is rotatably mounted on the loosening box, and a plurality of soil crushing knives are fixedly mounted on the rotating rod five; the rotating rods four and five are driven by a second driving assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the second driving component includes a motor 2, a support plate 2 is fixedly mounted on the loosening box, the motor 2 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 2, the motor 2 is control-connected to the controller, and the output end of the motor 2 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 4; a pulley 5 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 4, a pulley 6 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 5, and the pulley 5 and the pulley 6 are connected via a transmission belt 3.

[0013] Furthermore, the collecting mechanism gathers the soil crushed for the first time inwards and transmits it to the loosening mechanism. After the loosening mechanism performs secondary crushing, the soil is spread out through the leveling mechanism. After the leveling mechanism spreads the soil out, the loosening quality index acquisition module obtains the comprehensive loosening quality index based on the spread soil, and determines whether the comprehensive loosening quality index is qualified. If it is unqualified, the controller controls the secondary loosening mechanism to start. Through the loosening quality threshold preset in the database, if the comprehensive loosening quality index is lower than the loosening quality threshold, the secondary loosening mechanism is started through the controller; if the comprehensive loosening quality index is not lower than the loosening quality threshold, the secondary loosening mechanism is not started. The conveying mechanism conveys the soil with unqualified loosening quality to the soil crushing mechanism for re-crushing.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil loosening quality index acquisition module obtains a comprehensive soil loosening quality index based on the paved soil, including the following steps: a detection camera acquires the height of the top of each detection rod, and acquires a normalized height fluctuation index through a normalized height fluctuation index formula; acquires the spacing between adjacent detection rods, acquires an average slope of the detection rods through a detection rod average slope formula, and acquires a discrete curvature of the detection rods through a detection rod discrete curvature formula; acquires weight factors of the normalized height fluctuation index, the average slope of the detection rods, and the discrete curvature of the detection rods for the comprehensive soil loosening quality index through information in a database; and acquires a comprehensive soil loosening quality index through a comprehensive soil loosening quality index formula.

[0015] Furthermore, the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is obtained as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Where QI is the comprehensive soil loosening quality index, h i is the height of the top of the i-th detection rod, where i = 1, 2, ... n, n is the total number of detection rods, d is the distance between adjacent detection rods, CV is the normalized height fluctuation index, S is the average slope of the detection rod, C is the discrete curvature of the detection rod, a is the weight factor of CV to QI, b is the weight factor of S to QI, and c is the weight factor of C to QI.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The high-efficiency soil loosening device for forest planting can perform soil loosening operations according to the actual conditions of the forest land by setting up a primary soil loosening mechanism and a secondary soil loosening mechanism, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of soil loosening. The primary soil loosening mechanism can initially complete the soil loosening and leveling work of the forest land; the secondary soil loosening mechanism further refines and optimizes the soil loosening effect on the basis of the primary soil loosening mechanism, ensuring that the forest land reaches the ideal planting conditions. It not only improves the efficiency of soil loosening, but also ensures the quality of soil loosening, making forest planting more efficient and reliable.

[0020] (2) The efficient soil loosening device for forest planting realizes precise control of the secondary soil loosening mechanism through the connection between the controller and the motor two, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the soil loosening operation. Specifically, when the soil loosening quality of the primary soil loosening mechanism does not meet the standard, the soil loosening quality assessment unit starts the motor two through the controller, and then starts the secondary soil loosening mechanism. The output end of the motor two is fixedly connected to the rotating rod four, and a number of soil crushing knives are fixedly installed on the rotating rod five, which can perform further soil crushing operations on the forest land. This precise control method enables the secondary soil loosening mechanism to be flexibly started according to actual needs, improves the adaptability and flexibility of the soil loosening operation, and ensures that the forest land reaches ideal planting conditions.

[0021] (3) This efficient soil loosening method for forest planting can monitor the flatness of the forest land after loosening in real time by setting up a detection mechanism, providing data support for the subsequent loosening quality assessment. The height position information of the tops of all detection rods in the protective box is obtained through the detection camera, and this information is sent to the data processing unit through the data transmission module. The data processing unit calculates the flatness of the forest land based on the height position information of the tops of the detection rods, and sends the result to the loosening quality assessment unit. This process realizes real-time monitoring of the loosening effect, provides accurate data support for the subsequent loosening quality assessment, and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the loosening operation.

[0022] (4) The high-efficiency loosening method for forest planting calculates the comprehensive loosening quality index by comprehensively considering factors such as the normalized height fluctuation index, the average slope of the detection rod, and the discrete curvature of the detection rod, making the assessment of the loosening quality more comprehensive and accurate. The comprehensive loosening quality index QI is calculated by the comprehensive loosening quality index formula, which comprehensively considers multiple aspects of the forest flatness, making the assessment of the loosening quality more accurate and reliable, and providing a scientific basis for subsequent loosening operations.

[0023] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the soil loosening box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the primary soil loosening mechanism and the detection mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the detection mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary soil loosening mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the scraper of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure, 1. loosening box; 2. protection box; 3. detection rod; 4. detection camera; 5. controller; 6. rotating rod one; 7. spiral blade one; 8. baffle; 9. rotating rod two; 10. loosening knife; 11. rotating rod three; 12. spiral blade two; 13. support plate one; 14. motor one; 15. pulley one; 16. pulley two; 17. pulley three; 18. pulley four; 19. transmission belt one; 20. transmission belt two; 21. round plate; 22. spring; 23. block; 24. rotating rod four; 25. conveyor belt; 26. shovel blade; 27. leakage hole; 28. vertical plate; 29. ​​rotating rod five; 30. soil breaking knife; 31. support plate two; 32. motor two; 33. pulley five; 34. pulley six; 35. transmission belt three. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inside", "all around" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 7The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: an efficient soil loosening device for forest planting, comprising a soil loosening box 1, wherein a primary soil loosening mechanism and a secondary soil loosening mechanism are arranged in the soil loosening box 1, wherein the primary soil loosening mechanism comprises a collecting mechanism, a soil loosening mechanism and a leveling mechanism, and the secondary soil loosening mechanism comprises a conveying mechanism and a soil crushing mechanism, and further comprises:

[0035] A detection mechanism is arranged in the loosening box 1, the detection mechanism comprises a protection box 2 installed in the loosening box 1 through an electric push rod, a plurality of detection rods 3 extending outside the protection box 2 are evenly arranged in the protection box 2, and a detection camera 4 is fixedly arranged in the protection box 2;

[0036] The detection mechanism also includes a comprehensive loosening quality index acquisition module. A controller 5 is also fixedly installed on the top of the loosening box 1. The controller 5 controls the start and stop of the secondary loosening mechanism.

[0037] In this embodiment, a first-level loosening mechanism is started, including a collecting mechanism, a loosening mechanism and a leveling mechanism. The collecting mechanism collects and concentrates the soil on the surface of the forest land by rotating a rotating rod 16 installed on the loosening box 1, on which two groups of spiral blades 17 with the same specifications and opposite directions are symmetrically arranged. The loosening mechanism includes two groups of baffles 8 fixedly installed on the top of the loosening box 1, and a rotating rod 29 rotatably installed on the loosening box 1 and passing through the baffles 8, and a plurality of loosening knives 10 are fixedly installed on the rotating rod 29 between the baffles 8 to loosen the soil. The leveling mechanism leveled the loosened soil by rotating a rotating rod 3 11 installed on the loosening box 1, on which spiral blades 2 12 with the same specifications and opposite directions as the spiral blade 7 are symmetrically arranged.

[0038] If the soil loosening is up to standard in one time, when the detection rod 3 moves to the soil loosening position, the height difference of the top of the detection rod 3 is small. If the soil loosening is not up to standard in one time, when there are harder soil blocks or tree roots, an upward force will be applied to the detection rod 3, resulting in a large height difference of the top of the detection rod 3.

[0039] The detection camera 4 obtains the height position information of the tops of all the detection rods 3 in the protection box 2, and the image acquisition unit sends this information to the data processing unit through the data transmission module. The data processing unit calculates the forest land flatness based on the height position information of the tops of the detection rods 3, and sends the result to the loosening quality assessment unit;

[0040] The soil loosening quality evaluation unit evaluates the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism according to a preset soil loosening quality threshold. If the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism meets the standard, the second-level soil loosening mechanism is not started; if the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism does not meet the standard, the second-level soil loosening mechanism is started through the controller 5.

[0041] After the secondary loosening mechanism is started, the conveying mechanism conveys the loosened or unleveled soil by rotating two groups of rotating rods 24 installed on the loosening box 1, with a conveyor belt 25 connected between the rotating rods 24, and a plurality of blades 26 fixedly installed on the conveyor belt 25, and a plurality of leakage holes 27 are opened on the blades 26. The soil crushing mechanism further crushes the transported soil by two groups of vertical plates 28 fixedly installed in the loosening box 1, and a rotating rod 5 29 rotatably installed on the loosening box 1 and located between the vertical plates 28, and a plurality of soil crushing blades 30 fixedly installed on the rotating rod 5 29.

[0042] Specifically, the collecting mechanism includes a rotating rod 6 rotatably mounted on the loosening box 1, and two groups of spiral blades 7 with the same specifications and opposite directions are symmetrically arranged on the rotating rod 6;

[0043] The loosening mechanism includes two sets of baffles 8 fixedly installed on the top of the loosening box 1, a rotating rod 9 penetrating the baffles 8 is rotatably installed on the loosening box 1, and a plurality of loosening knives 10 are fixedly installed on the rotating rod 9 between the baffles 8;

[0044] The leveling mechanism includes a rotating rod 3 11 rotatably mounted on the loosening box 1, and a spiral blade 2 12 having the same specification as the spiral blade 1 7 and in the opposite direction is symmetrically arranged on the rotating rod 3 11;

[0045] The rotating rod 1 6, the rotating rod 2 9 and the rotating rod 3 11 are all driven by the first driving assembly.

[0046] Specifically, the first driving assembly includes a motor 14, a support plate 13 is fixedly mounted on the loosening box 1, the motor 14 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 13, and the output end of the motor 14 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 3 11;

[0047] A pulley 15 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 3 11, a pulley 2 16 and a pulley 3 17 are fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 2 9, a pulley 4 18 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod 1 6, the pulley 15 is connected to the pulley 2 16 via a transmission belt 19, and the pulley 3 17 is connected to the pulley 4 18 via a transmission belt 20.

[0048] In this embodiment, the motor 14 is started, and the output end of the motor 14 drives the rotating rod 3 11 to rotate. The pulley 15 on the rotating rod 3 11 drives the pulley 2 16 to rotate through the transmission belt 19. The pulley 2 16 drives the rotating rod 2 9 to rotate. The rotating rod 29 drives the pulley 3 17 to rotate. The pulley 3 17 drives the rotating rod 1 6 to rotate through the transmission belt 2 20 and the pulley 4 18. The rotating rod 1 6 drives the two sets of spiral blades 1 7 to rotate, so as to collect the soil in the middle position.

[0049] Since the rotating rod 2 9 drives the loosening knife 10 to rotate while rotating, the soil collected at the middle position can be loosened. After the loosening is completed, the rotating rod 3 11 drives the spiral blade 2 12 to rotate, so that the soil after the loosening is completed can be leveled.

[0050] The entire primary loosening mechanism is driven by the motor 14, which reduces the number of external drive sources and reduces the failure rate of the device.

[0051] Specifically, a circular plate 21 is fixedly mounted on the detection rod 3 , a spring 22 connected to the protection box 2 is disposed on the circular plate 21 , and a stopper 23 matched with the protection box 2 is fixedly mounted on the detection rod 3 .

[0052] In this embodiment, when the detection rod 3 moves to the loosening position, the protective box 2 is controlled to descend by the electric push rod, thereby driving the detection rod 3 to descend. If the loosening of the soil meets the standard in one time, the height difference of the top of the detection rod 3 is small. If the loosening of the soil does not meet the standard in one time, and there are harder soil blocks or tree roots, an upward force will be applied to the detection rod 3, resulting in a large height difference at the top of the detection rod 3. Since the detection rod 3 is squeezed upward, the spring 22 is squeezed. When the detection rod 3 moves to the position where the loosening of the soil meets the standard, the elastic force provided by the spring 22 causes the detection rod 3 to move downward, thereby keeping the detection rod 3 at the same height.

[0053] Specifically, the image acquisition unit acquires the height position information of the tops of all the detection rods 3 in the protection box 2 through the detection camera 4, and the height position information of the tops of the detection rods 3 is sent to the data processing unit through the data transmission module;

[0054] The data processing unit is used to calculate the forest land flatness based on the height position information of the top of the detection rod 3, and send the forest land flatness to the soil loosening quality assessment unit;

[0055] The soil loosening quality evaluation unit is used to evaluate the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism. If the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism meets the standard, the second-level soil loosening mechanism will not be started. If the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism does not meet the standard, the second-level soil loosening mechanism will be started through the controller 5.

[0056] Specifically, the conveying mechanism includes two sets of rotating rods 24 rotatably mounted on the loosening box 1, a conveyor belt 25 is connected between the rotating rods 24, a plurality of blades 26 are fixedly mounted on the conveyor belt 25, and a plurality of leak holes 27 are opened on the blades 26;

[0057] The soil crushing mechanism includes two sets of vertical plates 28 fixedly installed in the soil loosening box 1, and the vertical plates 28 are located below the conveyor belt 25. A rotating rod 5 29 located between the vertical plates 28 is rotatably installed on the soil loosening box 1, and a plurality of soil crushing knives 30 are fixedly installed on the rotating rod 5 29;

[0058] The rotating rod 4 24 and the rotating rod 5 29 are driven by the second driving assembly.

[0059] Specifically, the second driving assembly includes a second motor 32, a second support plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the loosening box 1, the second motor 32 is fixedly mounted on the second support plate 31, the second motor 32 is controlled and connected to the controller 5, and the output end of the second motor 32 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 4 24;

[0060] A pulley five 33 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod four 24 , a pulley six 34 is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod five 29 , and the pulley five 33 is connected to the pulley six 34 via a transmission belt three 35 .

[0061] Specifically, the collecting mechanism gathers the first crushed soil inwards and transmits it to the loosening mechanism. After the loosening mechanism performs secondary crushing, the soil is flattened by the leveling mechanism.

[0062] After the leveling mechanism performs paving, the soil loosening quality index acquisition module acquires the comprehensive soil loosening quality index based on the soil after paving, and determines whether the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is qualified. If it is unqualified, the controller 5 controls the secondary soil loosening mechanism to start;

[0063] According to the soil loosening quality threshold value preset in the database, if the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is lower than the soil loosening quality threshold value, the secondary soil loosening mechanism is started by the controller 5;

[0064] If the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is not lower than the soil loosening quality threshold, the secondary soil loosening mechanism will not be activated;

[0065] The conveying mechanism conveys the soil with unqualified loose soil quality to the soil crushing mechanism for further crushing.

[0066] Specifically, the soil loosening quality index acquisition module acquires a comprehensive soil loosening quality index based on the paved soil, including the following steps:

[0067] The detection camera 4 obtains the height of the top of each detection rod 3, and obtains the normalized height fluctuation index through the normalized height fluctuation index formula;

[0068] Obtain the spacing between adjacent detection rods 3, obtain the average slope of the detection rods using the detection rod average slope formula, and obtain the discrete curvature of the detection rods using the detection rod discrete curvature formula;

[0069] The weight factors of normalized height fluctuation index, average slope of detection rod and discrete curvature of detection rod on comprehensive soil loosening quality index are obtained through information in the database;

[0070] The comprehensive soil loosening quality index is obtained through the comprehensive soil loosening quality index formula.

[0071] Specifically, the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is:

[0072]

[0073] Where QI is the comprehensive soil loosening quality index, h i is the height of the top of the i-th detection rod, where i = 1, 2, ... n, n is the total number of detection rods, d is the distance between adjacent detection rods, CV is the normalized height fluctuation index, S is the average slope of the detection rod, C is the discrete curvature of the detection rod, a is the weight factor of CV to QI, b is the weight factor of S to QI, and c is the weight factor of C to QI.

[0074] According to the soil loosening quality threshold preset in the database, if the QI is lower than the soil loosening quality threshold, the controller 5 starts the motor 2 32, and the controller 5 starts the motor 2 32, and the motor 2 32 drives the rotating rod 5 29 to rotate, and the rotating rod 5 29 drives the pulley 6 34 to rotate through the pulley 5 33 and the transmission belt 3 35, and then drives the rotating rod 4 24 to rotate, and the rotating rod 4 24 conveys the soil after the primary loosening to the top of the vertical plate 28 through the conveyor belt 25 and the shovel blade 26, and then the soil falls through the leakage hole 27, and the soil breaking knife 30 rotates to loosen the fallen soil for the second time;

[0075] If the QI is not lower than the soil loosening quality threshold, the secondary soil loosening mechanism will not be started, which not only ensures the soil loosening quality, but also saves resources by not having to start the secondary soil loosening mechanism all the time.

[0076] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0077] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An efficient soil loosening device for forest planting, comprising a soil loosening box (1), characterized in that: The soil loosening box (1) is provided with a primary soil loosening mechanism and a secondary soil loosening mechanism, wherein the primary soil loosening mechanism comprises a collecting mechanism, a soil loosening mechanism and a leveling mechanism, and the secondary soil loosening mechanism comprises a conveying mechanism and a soil crushing mechanism, and further comprises: A detection mechanism is arranged in the loosening box (1), the detection mechanism comprising a protection box (2) installed in the loosening box (1) through an electric push rod, a plurality of detection rods (3) extending outside the protection box (2) are evenly arranged in the protection box (2), and a detection camera (4) is fixedly arranged in the protection box (2); The detection mechanism also includes a comprehensive loosening quality index acquisition module. A controller (5) is also fixedly mounted on the top of the loosening box (1), and the controller (5) controls the start and stop of the secondary loosening mechanism.

2. The high-efficiency soil loosening device for forest planting according to claim 1 is characterized by: The collecting mechanism comprises a rotating rod (6) rotatably mounted on the loosening box (1), and two groups of spiral blades (7) of the same specification and opposite directions are symmetrically arranged on the rotating rod (6); The loosening mechanism comprises two groups of baffles (8) fixedly mounted on the top of the loosening box (1); a second rotating rod (9) penetrating the baffles (8) is rotatably mounted on the loosening box (1); and a plurality of loosening knives (10) are fixedly mounted on the second rotating rod (9) and located between the baffles (8); The leveling mechanism comprises a rotating rod 3 (11) rotatably mounted on the loosening box (1), and a spiral blade 2 (12) having the same specifications as the spiral blade 1 (7) and in the opposite direction is symmetrically arranged on the rotating rod 3 (11); The rotating rod 1 (6), the rotating rod 2 (9) and the rotating rod 3 (11) are all driven by the first driving assembly.

3. The high-efficiency soil loosening device for forest planting according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first driving assembly comprises a motor 1 (14), a support plate 1 (13) is fixedly mounted on the loosening box (1), the motor 1 (14) is fixedly mounted on the support plate 1 (13), and an output end of the motor 1 (14) is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 3 (11); The rotating rod three (11) is fixedly mounted with a pulley one (15), the rotating rod two (9) is fixedly mounted with a pulley two (16) and a pulley three (17), the rotating rod one (6) is fixedly mounted with a pulley four (18), the pulley one (15) and the pulley two (16) are connected to each other via a transmission belt one (19), and the pulley three (17) and the pulley four (18) are connected to each other via a transmission belt two (20).

4. The high-efficiency soil loosening device for forest planting according to claim 3 is characterized by: A circular plate (21) is fixedly mounted on the detection rod (3), a spring (22) connected to the protection box (2) is arranged on the circular plate (21), and a stopper (23) matched with the protection box (2) is fixedly mounted on the detection rod (3).

5. The high-efficiency soil loosening device for forest planting according to claim 1 is characterized by: The comprehensive soil loosening quality index acquisition module includes an image acquisition unit, a data processing unit and a soil loosening quality evaluation unit, wherein: The image acquisition unit acquires the height position information of the tops of all the detection rods (3) in the protection box (2) through the detection camera (4), and the height position information of the tops of the detection rods (3) is sent to the data processing unit through the data transmission module; The data processing unit is used to calculate the forest land flatness based on the height position information of the top of the detection rod (3), and send the forest land flatness to the soil loosening quality assessment unit; The soil loosening quality evaluation unit is used to evaluate the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism. If the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism meets the standard, the second-level soil loosening mechanism will not be started. If the soil loosening quality of the first-level soil loosening mechanism does not meet the standard, the second-level soil loosening mechanism will be started through the controller (5).

6. The high-efficiency soil loosening device for forest planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism comprises two groups of rotating rods (24) rotatably mounted on the loosening box (1), a conveyor belt (25) is connected between the rotating rods (24), a plurality of shovel blades (26) are fixedly mounted on the conveyor belt (25), and a plurality of leakage holes (27) are provided on the shovel blades (26); The soil crushing mechanism comprises two groups of vertical plates (28) fixedly installed in the soil loosening box (1), and the vertical plates (28) are located below the conveyor belt (25); a rotating rod (29) located between the vertical plates (28) is rotatably installed on the soil loosening box (1), and a plurality of soil crushing knives (30) are fixedly installed on the rotating rod (29); The rotating rod four (24) and the rotating rod five (29) are driven by a second driving assembly.

7. The efficient soil loosening device for forest planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second driving assembly comprises a second motor (32), a second support plate (31) is fixedly mounted on the loosening box (1), the second motor (32) is fixedly mounted on the second support plate (31), the second motor (32) is control-connected to the controller (5), and the output end of the second motor (32) is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating rod (24); A belt pulley five (33) is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod four (24), and a belt pulley six (34) is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod five (29). The belt pulley five (33) and the belt pulley six (34) are connected via a transmission belt three (35).

8. A method for efficiently loosening soil for forest planting, used for an efficient loosening soil device for forest planting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The collecting mechanism collects the first crushed soil inwards and transmits it to the loosening mechanism. After the loosening mechanism performs secondary crushing, the soil is spread flat by the leveling mechanism. After the leveling mechanism has finished paving, the soil loosening quality index acquisition module acquires a comprehensive soil loosening quality index based on the soil after paving, and determines whether the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is qualified. If it is unqualified, the controller (5) controls the secondary soil loosening mechanism to start; Using a soil loosening quality threshold value preset in a database, if the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is lower than the soil loosening quality threshold value, the secondary soil loosening mechanism is started by a controller (5); If the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is not lower than the soil loosening quality threshold, the secondary soil loosening mechanism is not activated; The conveying mechanism conveys the soil with unqualified loose soil quality to the soil crushing mechanism for further crushing.

9. The efficient soil loosening method for forest planting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil loosening quality index acquisition module acquires the comprehensive soil loosening quality index based on the paved soil, including the following steps: The detection camera (4) obtains the height of the top of each detection rod (3), and obtains the normalized height fluctuation index through the normalized height fluctuation index formula; Obtain the spacing between adjacent detection rods (3), obtain the average slope of the detection rods using the detection rod average slope formula, and obtain the discrete curvature of the detection rods using the detection rod discrete curvature formula; The weight factors of normalized height fluctuation index, average slope of detection rod and discrete curvature of detection rod on comprehensive soil loosening quality index are obtained through information in the database; The comprehensive soil loosening quality index is obtained through the comprehensive soil loosening quality index formula.

10. The efficient soil loosening method for forest planting according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the comprehensive soil loosening quality index is as follows: Where QI is the comprehensive soil loosening quality index, h i is the height of the top of the i-th detection rod, where i = 1, 2, ... n, n is the total number of detection rods, d is the distance between adjacent detection rods, CV is the normalized height fluctuation index, S is the average slope of the detection rod, C is the discrete curvature of the detection rod, a is the weight factor of CV to QI, b is the weight factor of S to QI, and c is the weight factor of C to QI.

Images