Corn ear directional feeding type threshing cylinder

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn ear directional feeding type threshing cylinder. The corn thresher comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a roller shaft, a directional spiral feeding head, a threshing roller and a rasp bar block, and a directional conveying and throwing arc plate and a directional distributing and throwing arc plate are innovatively arranged at the tail of a spiral plate, so that ears are uniformly thrown to the threshing roller at the position parallel to the axis of the threshing roller; tail guide rails are arranged between the directional conveying and throwing arc plate and the directional flow dividing and throwing arc plate, the tail guide rails are provided with different included angles, it can be guaranteed that the ears at all the positions can be subjected to different adjusting forces, further direction correction of the ears is achieved, and directional feeding of the ears is achieved. According to the grain harvester, ears are uniformly and directionally conveyed to the threshing cylinder for threshing operation, the threshing breakage rate is greatly reduced, and the threshing performance of the grain harvester is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of harvesters, and in particular to a corn cob directional feeding type threshing drum. Background Art

[0002] Corn is one of the three most important food crops in the world. Mechanized operation has gradually taken the leading position in agricultural production, and the development of agricultural mechanization has entered the intermediate stage from the primary stage. The annual comprehensive level of cultivation and harvest of the three major staple foods is only 65% ​​for corn, while the annual comprehensive level of cultivation and harvest of the other two staple foods has reached 95%.

[0003] The harvesting process is one of the important links in agricultural production. The quality of harvesting directly determines the grain output. Combine harvester, also known as combined harvester, can complete the processes of harvesting, threshing, separating stems, and removing debris of cereal crops at one time. It is a harvesting machine that directly obtains grains from the field. Combine harvester combines harvesting and thresher in one whole unit, allowing farmers to complete harvesting and threshing with a single operation, thereby saving manpower and material resources and greatly reducing the burden on farmers.

[0004] The ears are fed into the threshing device through the spiral feeding head for threshing and separation. The spiral feeding head, as the feeding section of the longitudinal axial flow threshing drum, that is, the feeding part of the threshing device, has an important influence on whether the corn ears can be smoothly and evenly fed into the threshing chamber for threshing. Experimental research has proved that the number of spiral feeding heads has an impact on the material conveying capacity. The conical spiral feeding head has smoother material conveying and feeding, and has a better feeding effect than the cylindrical spiral feeding head; the spiral grabbing feeding head has good conveying and feeding capabilities, which helps to smoothly feed the material on the cutting table screen into the threshing and separation device for threshing.

[0005] Through experiments, researchers at home and abroad have concluded that feeding when the axis of the ear is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum can significantly reduce the threshing breakage rate of corn, with a loss reduction effect of 32%. Due to the great difficulty of directional feeding, the spiral feeding heads currently used by the world's top corn combine harvester manufacturers are still conventional spiral feeding heads that can only achieve the feeding function, and front-end researchers at home and abroad have not conducted research on the directional feeding problem of corn.

[0006] Therefore, a corn cob directional feeding threshing drum is needed, the cobs are fed into the threshing device in a direction, and threshing is performed when the axis of the cob is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum, so as to significantly reduce the corn kernel breakage rate. Summary of the invention

[0007] Aiming at the bottleneck problem of non-directional feeding of corn ears in the existing threshing drum, the present invention provides a directional feeding type threshing drum for corn ears. The present invention innovatively sets a directional conveying and throwing arc plate and a directional diversion and throwing arc plate to realize directional feeding of the ears; at the same time, the spiral plate, the directional conveying and throwing arc plate, the directional diversion and throwing arc plate, the upper adjustment guide rail, the lower adjustment guide rail, the axial guide rail and the tail guide rail cooperate with each other to realize the adjustment and diversion in the process of conveying the ears, and ensure the directional uniformity of the ears thrown.

[0008] A corn cob directional feeding type threshing drum comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a drum shaft, a directional spiral feeding head, a threshing drum and a rib block, wherein the upper shell and the lower shell are coverless shells, the upper shell and the lower shell are detachably connected as a whole, the drum shaft is arranged in the upper shell and the lower shell, the axis of the drum shaft coincides with the axis of the upper shell and the lower shell, the directional spiral feeding head and the threshing drum are fixedly arranged on the drum shaft, and a plurality of rib blocks are evenly arranged on the threshing drum; The upper shell comprises an upper conical shell, an upper adjustment guide rail and an upper circular cover. The upper conical shell is arranged on the upper circular cover. The upper conical shell is a three-sided bottomless shell after being cut in half. An upper adjustment guide rail is arranged on the inner circumference of the upper conical shell. The cross section of the upper adjustment guide rail is semicircular and spiral. The lower shell comprises a lower conical shell, a lower adjustment guide rail and a concave screen. The lower conical shell is arranged on the concave screen. The lower conical shell is consistent in shape and size with the upper conical shell. A lower adjustment guide rail is arranged on the inner circumference of the lower conical shell. The cross section of the lower adjustment guide rail is semicircular. The lower adjustment guide rail is spiral. The pitch, line number and lead of the lower adjustment guide rail are consistent with those of the upper adjustment guide rail. After the upper shell and the lower shell are assembled, the upper adjustment guide rail and the lower adjustment guide rail form a closed spiral shape. The directional spiral feeding head comprises a cone, a spiral plate, an axial guide rail, a directional conveying and throwing arc plate, a tail guide rail, and a directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate. The spiral plate is spirally coiled on the cone from the small diameter to the large diameter. The spiral plate is in a strip shape when unfolded. Two spiral plates are arranged on the cone. The front and back sides of the spiral plate are both provided with axial guide rails. A plurality of axial guide rails are evenly arranged on the spiral plate. The cross section of the axial guide rail is a trapezoid. The tail of the spiral plate is connected with a directional conveying and throwing arc plate. The arc surface of the tail end of the directional conveying and throwing arc plate is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum. A directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate is arranged in the middle of the forward and reverse gaps of the directional conveying and throwing arc plates at the tails of the two spiral plates. The arc surface of the tail end of the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum. The thickness of the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate gradually increases from the small diameter to the large diameter of the cone. A tail guide rail is arranged between the directional conveying and throwing arc plate and the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate. The tail guide rail comprises a first tail guide rail, a second tail guide rail and a third tail guide rail, the first tail guide rail, the second tail guide rail and the third tail guide rail are all semicircular in cross section, the first tail guide rail is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum, there is an angle β between the second tail guide rail and the axis of the threshing drum, the range of β is 2°~5°, there is an angle α between the third tail guide rail and the axis of the threshing drum, the range of α is 5°~8°; The upward adjustment guide rail, the downward adjustment guide rail, the axial guide rail and the tail guide rail are all made of rubber.

[0009] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention innovatively realizes the cross-adjustment of the fruit ears through the mutual cooperation of the spiral plate, the directional conveying and throwing arc plate, the directional diversion and throwing arc plate, the upper adjustment guide rail, the lower adjustment guide rail, the axial guide rail and the tail guide rail, so as to realize the adjustment and diversion of the fruit ears during the conveying process, and finally realize the directional feeding of the fruit ears to the threshing drum.

[0010] The invention provides a directional conveying and throwing arc plate at the rear of a spiral plate, and provides a directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate at the gap between two directional conveying and throwing arc plates. The addition of the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate can divert and throw the fruit ears, so that the fruit ears are evenly thrown and fed to a threshing drum. At the same time, the arc surfaces at the rear ends of the directional conveying and throwing arc plate and the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate are parallel to the axis of the threshing drum. Before the fruit ears are fed into the threshing drum, the arc surface at the rear end adjusts the position of the fruit ears, so that the fruit ears are thrown in a position parallel to the axis of the threshing drum.

[0011] A tail guide rail is arranged between the directional conveying arc plate and the directional diversion arc plate. The angles between the first tail guide rail, the second tail guide rail, the third tail guide rail and the axis of the threshing drum increase successively. According to the different positions of the first tail guide rail, the second tail guide rail and the third tail guide rail, different angles are set to ensure that the fruit ears at each position can be subjected to different adjustment forces, thereby achieving further directional correction of the fruit ears and realizing directional feeding of the fruit ears.

[0012] Axial guide rails are arranged on the front and back sides of the spiral plate. When the spiral plate transports the fruit ears, the axial guide rails contact the fruit ears for many times during the transportation process, so that the fruit ears are transported lying flat, thereby realizing the adjustment of direction; at the same time, when the fruit ears collide with the upward adjustment guide rails and the downward adjustment guide rails of the upper shell body and the lower shell body, a disorienting adjustment force is applied to the fruit ears, thereby realizing the adjustment of the posture of the fruit ears. The cross combination of multiple forces realizes the adjustment of the position of the fruit ears, and finally realizes the directionally feeding of the fruit ears in a position parallel to the axis of the threshing drum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the present invention after removing half of the upper shell; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the present invention after removing the upper shell and the lower shell; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the upper shell of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the axial side structure of the lower housing of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic axial front view of the present invention after removing the upper shell and the lower shell; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the left side of the shaft side after removing the upper shell and the lower shell of the present invention; Figure 7 This invention is Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of part I.

[0014] In the figure: 1. Upper shell; 2. Lower shell; 3. Drum shaft; 4. Directional spiral feeding head; 5. Threshing drum; 6. Striated rod block; 101, upper conical shell; 102, upper adjustment guide rail; 103, upper round cover; 201, lower conical shell; 202, lower adjustment guide rail; 203, concave screen; 401, cone; 402, spiral plate; 403, axial guide rail; 404, directional conveying arc plate; 405, tail guide rail; 406, directional diversion arc plate; 4051, first tail guide rail; 4052, second tail guide rail; 4053, third tail guide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] See also Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a corn cob directional feeding type threshing drum comprises an upper shell 1, a lower shell 2, a drum shaft 3, a directional spiral feeding head 4, a threshing drum 5 and a rib block 6, wherein the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are coverless shells, and the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are detachably connected as a whole, the drum shaft 3 is arranged in the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2, and the axis of the drum shaft 3 coincides with the axis of the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2, the directional spiral feeding head 4 and the threshing drum 5 are fixedly arranged on the drum shaft 3, and a plurality of rib blocks 6 are evenly arranged on the threshing drum 5; The upper shell 1 comprises an upper conical shell 101, an upper adjustment guide rail 102 and an upper circular cover 103. The upper conical shell 101 is arranged on the upper circular cover 103. The upper conical shell 101 is a three-sided bottomless shell after being cut in half. An upper adjustment guide rail 102 is arranged on the inner circumference of the upper conical shell 101. The cross section of the upper adjustment guide rail 102 is semicircular and spiral. The lower shell 2 includes a lower conical shell 201, a lower adjustment guide rail 202 and a concave screen 203. The lower conical shell 201 is arranged on the concave screen 203. The lower conical shell 201 is consistent in shape and size with the upper conical shell 101. The inner circumference of the lower conical shell 201 is provided with a lower adjustment guide rail 202. The cross section of the lower adjustment guide rail 202 is semicircular. The lower adjustment guide rail 202 is spiral. The pitch, number of lines and lead of the lower adjustment guide rail 202 are consistent with those of the upper adjustment guide rail 102. After the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are assembled, the upper adjustment guide rail 102 and the lower adjustment guide rail 202 form a closed spiral shape; Specifically, the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are arranged on the harvester frame, the drum shaft 3 is connected to the harvester power output device, the drum shaft 3 drives the spiral feeding head 4 and the threshing drum 5 to rotate, the rotating spiral feeding head 4 transports the fruit ears from the small diameter of the upper conical shell 101 and the lower conical shell 201 to the large diameter, and when the fruit ears collide with the upper and lower adjustment guide rails 102 and 202 of the upper and lower shells 1 and 2, a deflecting adjustment force is applied to the fruit ears, the posture of the fruit ears is changed and adjusted, and then enters the threshing area composed of the threshing drum 5, the upper round cover 103, and the concave screen 203 for threshing; The directional spiral feeding head 4 comprises a cone 401, a spiral plate 402, an axial guide rail 403, a directional conveying arc plate 404, a tail guide rail 405, and a directional diversion arc plate 406. The spiral plate 402 is spirally wound from a small diameter to a large diameter on the cone 401. The unfolded shape of the spiral plate 402 is a long strip. Two spiral plates 402 are arranged on the cone 401. Axial guide rails 403 are arranged on the front and back sides of the spiral plate 402. Multiple axial guide rails 403 are evenly arranged on the spiral plate 402. The cross section of the axial guide rail 403 is trapezoidal. The tail of the spiral plate 402 is connected with a directional conveying and throwing arc plate 404, the arc surface of the tail end of the directional conveying and throwing arc plate 404 is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum 5, and a directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate 406 is arranged in the middle of the forward and reverse gaps of the directional conveying and throwing arc plates 404 at the tail of the two spiral plates 402, the arc surface of the tail end of the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate 406 is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum 5, and the thickness of the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate 406 gradually increases from the small diameter to the large diameter of the cone 401; a tail guide rail 405 is arranged between the directional conveying and throwing arc plate 404 and the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate 406; Specifically, the directional spiral feeding head 4 includes a cone 401, a spiral plate 402, an axial guide rail 403, a directional conveying arc plate 404, a tail guide rail 405, a directional diversion arc plate 406 and a spiral plate 402. The spiral plate 402 is spirally wound from the small diameter to the large diameter on the cone 401. The spiral plate 402 is unfolded into a long strip shape. Two spiral plates 402 are arranged on the cone 401. The rotating spiral plates 402 drive the fruit ears to move from the small diameter to the large diameter. The front and back sides of the spiral plate 402 are both provided with axial guide rails 403. A plurality of axial guide rails 403 are evenly arranged on the spiral plate 402. Since the spiral plate 402 transports the fruit ears, the axial guide rails 403 contact the fruit ears for many times during the transportation process, so that the fruit ears are transported lying flat, and the direction is adjusted; the cross section of the axial guide rails 403 is trapezoidal, and the trapezoidal axial guide rails 403 can increase the friction between the fruit ears and provide a greater force for adjusting the direction of the fruit ears; the tail of the spiral plate 402 is connected to a directional conveying arc plate 404, and the tail of the directional conveying arc plate 404 and the directional diversion arc plate 406 The arc surface at the end is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum, and the ears with adjusted direction can be thrown into the threshing drum 5 in parallel with the axis of the threshing drum 5 to achieve directional threshing; a directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406 is arranged in the middle of the forward and reverse gaps of the directional conveying and throwing arc plate 404 at the tail of the two spiral plates 402. The addition of the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406 can divert and throw the ears, so as to achieve uniform throwing and feeding of the ears to the threshing drum 5; the arc surface at the tail end of the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406 is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum 5, and the ears can be directional. Feed it to the threshing drum 5; the thickness of the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406 gradually increases from the small diameter to the large diameter of the cone 401, so as to avoid the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406 with too thick front end to increase the probability of collision and affect the direction and flow of fruit ears; a tail guide rail 405 is arranged between the directional conveying and throwing arc plate 404 and the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406; when the fruit ears collide with each other and cannot be thrown along the directional conveying and throwing arc plate 404 or the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406 and enter the gap between the two, the tail guide rail 405 can further adjust the direction of the fruit ears.

[0016] The tail guide rail 405 includes a first tail guide rail 4051, a second tail guide rail 4052 and a third tail guide rail 4053, the cross sections of the first tail guide rail 4051, the second tail guide rail 4052 and the third tail guide rail 4053 are all semicircular, the first tail guide rail 4051 is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum 5, there is an angle β between the second tail guide rail 4052 and the axis of the threshing drum 5, the range of β is 2°~5°, there is an angle α between the third tail guide rail 4053 and the axis of the threshing drum 5, the range of α is 5°~8°; Specifically, the angles between the first tail guide rail 4051, the second tail guide rail 4052, and the third tail guide rail 4053 and the axis of the threshing drum increase successively. According to the different positions of the first tail guide rail 4051, the second tail guide rail 4052, and the third tail guide rail 4053, setting different angles can ensure that the fruit ears at each position can be subjected to different adjustment forces, thereby achieving further directional correction of the fruit ears and realizing directional feeding of the fruit ears.

[0017] The upward adjustment guide rail 102, the downward adjustment guide rail 202, the axial guide rail 403 and the tail guide rail 405 are all made of rubber; Specifically, the rubber material has a greater friction force, which can better correct the direction of the fruit ear, and is also a flexible material, which can prevent the grains on the fruit ear from being broken.

[0018] Working principle and process of the present invention: When in use, the fruit ears are transported to the front end of the directional spiral feeding head 4 by other conveying devices, and the rotating spiral plate 402 gradually transports the fruit ears from the small diameter of the cone 401 to the large diameter. During the transportation process, the fruit ears contact the spiral plate 402 and the axial guide rail 403 on the spiral plate 402, so that the fruit ears are transported by the spiral plate 402 while lying flat. At the same time, due to the effect of centrifugal force, the fruit ears contact the upward adjustment guide rail 102 and the downward adjustment guide rail 202 on the upper conical shell 101 and the lower conical shell 201, so that the fruit ears that are not adjusted by the axial guide rail 403 are not adjusted by the axial guide rail 403. The lying force is subjected to the regulating force of the misalignment to achieve the adjustment of the fruit ears. The fruit ears are diverted through the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406, and are directionally thrown to the threshing drum 5 through the directional conveying and throwing arc plate 404 and the directional diversion and throwing arc plate 406. If the direction of the fruit ears is still precisely adjusted, the fruit ears can be subjected to different adjustment forces at the tail guide rail 405 to achieve further direction correction of the fruit ears. At the same time, the tail guide rail 405 can also limit the fruit ears whose direction has been adjusted to avoid changes in the direction of the fruit ears, thereby achieving the most accurate directional feeding of the fruit ears.

[0019] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn cob directional feeding threshing drum, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper shell (1), a lower shell (2), a roller shaft (3), a directional screw feeding head (4), a threshing roller (5) and a grain rod block (6); the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2) are coverless shells; the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2) are detachably connected to form a whole; the roller shaft (3) is arranged in the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2); the axis of the roller shaft (3) coincides with the axis of the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2); the directional screw feeding head (4) and the threshing roller (5) are fixedly arranged on the roller shaft (3); and a plurality of grain rod blocks (6) are evenly arranged on the threshing roller (5).

2. A corn cob directional feeding threshing drum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper shell (1) comprises an upper conical shell (101), an upper adjustment guide rail (102) and an upper circular cover (103); the upper conical shell (101) is arranged on the upper circular cover (103); the upper conical shell (101) is a three-sided bottomless shell that is cut in half; an upper adjustment guide rail (102) is arranged on the inner circumference of the upper conical shell (101); the cross section of the upper adjustment guide rail (102) is semicircular, and the upper adjustment guide rail (102) is spiral-shaped; The lower shell (2) comprises a lower conical shell (201), a lower adjustment guide rail (102) and a concave screen (203); the lower conical shell (201) is arranged on the concave screen (203); the lower conical shell (201) and the upper conical shell (101) are of the same shape and size; a lower adjustment guide rail (202) is arranged on the inner circumference of the lower conical shell (201); the lower adjustment guide rail (202) has a semicircular cross section; the lower adjustment guide rail (202) is spiral; the pitch, number of lines and lead of the lower adjustment guide rail (202) and the upper adjustment guide rail (102) are consistent; after the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2) are assembled, the upper adjustment guide rail (102) and the lower adjustment guide rail (202) form a closed spiral line shape.

3. A corn ear directional feeding threshing drum according to claim 2, characterized in that: The directional spiral feeding head (4) comprises a cone (401), a spiral plate (402), an axial guide rail (403), a directional conveying arc plate (404), a tail guide rail (405), and a directional diversion arc plate (406). The spiral plate (402) is spirally wound on the cone (401) from a small diameter to a large diameter. The spiral plate (402) is in an extended shape. Two spiral plates (402) are arranged on the cone (401). Axial guide rails (403) are arranged on the front and back sides of the spiral plate (402). Multiple axial guide rails (403) are evenly arranged on the spiral plate (402). The cross section of the axial guide rail (403) is a ladder. The spiral plate (402) is connected to a directional conveying and throwing arc plate (404) at the tail end, the arc surface of the tail end of the directional conveying and throwing arc plate (404) is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum (5), and a directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate (406) is arranged in the middle of the forward and reverse gaps between the directional conveying and throwing arc plates (404) at the tail ends of the two spiral plates (402), the arc surface of the tail end of the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate (406) is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum (5), and the thickness of the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate (406) gradually increases from the small diameter to the large diameter of the conical body (401); a tail guide rail (405) is arranged between the directional conveying and throwing arc plate (404) and the directional flow-dividing and throwing arc plate (406).

4. A corn cob directional feeding threshing drum according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tail guide rail (405) comprises a first tail guide rail (4051), a second tail guide rail (4052) and a third tail guide rail (4053); the first tail guide rail (4051), the second tail guide rail (4052) and the third tail guide rail (4053) are all semicircular in cross section; the first tail guide rail (4051) is parallel to the axis of the threshing drum (5); an angle β is formed between the second tail guide rail (4052) and the axis of the threshing drum (5); the range of β is 2° to 5°; the range of α is 5° to 8°.

5. A corn cob directional feeding threshing drum according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upward adjustment guide rail (102), the downward adjustment guide rail (202), the axial guide rail (403) and the tail guide rail (405) are all made of rubber.

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