Ecological restoration method for stony desertification mountainous region

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a stony desertification mountainous region, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and the ecological restoration method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, uniformly laying a nutrient clay matrix and fertile soil on the surface of an exposed stony desertification mountainous region to form a double-layer ecological alien soil structure; s2, mixed fertilizer is applied, then transverse intercepting ditches are dug in sequence from high to low according to the slope surface, vermiculite, mushroom bran, fertile soil and the mixed fertilizer are laid in the ditches in sequence from bottom to top, and the ditches are laid to the 2 / 3 position of the depth of the intercepting ditches; s3, planting fruit tree seedlings on the slope surface soil outside the intercepting ditches, and planting drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant pasture in the intercepting ditches; s4, when the fruit tree seedlings grow to saplings, planting traditional Chinese medicinal materials among the fruit trees; after crowns of the fruit trees are formed, shade-tolerant forage grass is planted between the fruit trees; s5, timely watering, topdressing, seedling reseeding, pest control, regular harvesting and repeated sowing of economic crops are carried out. According to the method, the ecological environment of the stony desertification mountain land can be restored, and local economic benefits can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains. Background Art

[0002] Rocky desertification, or rocky desertification, refers to the phenomenon that the surface soil is lost due to soil erosion, the bedrock is exposed, the land loses its agricultural value and the ecological environment degrades. The karst rocky mountain areas have a thin soil layer, exposed bedrock, and strong scouring force from rainstorms. After a large amount of soil and water loss, the rocks gradually become exposed, and thus the rocky desertification phenomenon occurs. In rocky desertification areas, mountain torrents, landslides, and mud-rock flows are very likely to occur, and underground karst is well developed, which makes water and drought disasters frequent, and there are drought and flood disasters almost every year; at the same time, the rocky desertification mountains have a high rate of exposed rocks, less soil, low water storage capacity, and strong water leakage in the rock layer, so it is very easy to experience water shortages and droughts, and heavy rains will cause serious soil and water loss.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method of ecological restoration of rocky desertification that can not only restore the ecological environment of rocky desertification areas, but also drive the economic benefits of rocky desertification areas, so as to achieve the integrated development of ecology and economy.

[0004] At present, the main technologies for ecological restoration of rocky desertification in my country include land preparation, soil import, grass planting, and afforestation. The main problem with these methods is that the soil on rocky desertified land mainly relies on imported soil, which can be easily carried away by strong winds or rain, causing soil erosion again. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for restoring the ecological environment of rocky desertified mountains, which can not only restore the ecological environment of rocky desertified mountains, but also increase the economic benefits of rocky desertified mountains.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1: Evenly lay the nutrient clay matrix on the surface of the exposed rocky desertified mountain. After the laying is completed, lay another layer of fertile soil on the surface of the nutrient clay matrix to form a double-layer ecological guest soil structure; S2: Apply mixed fertilizer on the soil of the double-layer ecological soil structure, then dig horizontal interception ditches from high to low along the slope, and lay vermiculite, mushroom residue, fertile soil, and mixed fertilizer in the ditches from bottom to top, until 2 / 3 of the depth of the interception ditch; S3: Plant fruit tree seedlings on the slope soil outside the interception ditch, and plant drought- and flood-resistant forage grass inside the interception ditch; S4: When the fruit tree seedlings grow into saplings, plant Chinese medicinal herbs between the fruit trees; when the fruit tree crowns are formed, plant shade-tolerant forage grass between the fruit trees; S5: Carry out watering, top dressing, replanting of seedlings, pest and disease control in a timely manner, and regularly harvest and replant cash crops.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the nutrient clay matrix is ​​composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of fertile soil, 50-60 parts of humus, 80-100 parts of bentonite, 20-30 parts of chitosan, 30-40 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of corn cob powder, and 20-30 parts of carbonized vinegar lees.

[0008] Humus soil is rich in organic matter and trace elements, which can promote plant growth. Its fine pores make it have strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. Bentonite has a high water absorption rate, which can increase the number of soil aggregates, reduce soil bulk density, and increase soil porosity, thereby improving soil water retention and air permeability; it also has adsorption, adhesion and ion exchange properties, which can improve fertilizer utilization. Chitosan can promote the development of root systems, sturdy stems, and improve plant antioxidant capacity. Carbonized vinegar dregs are loose and porous with a large specific surface area. They have strong adsorption capacity and can adsorb nutrients on the carbon surface, slowly release nutrients, and reduce nutrient conversion and loss.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the laying thickness of the nutrient clay matrix is ​​8-12 cm; the laying thickness of the fertile soil is 15-25 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S2, the mixed fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-60 parts of corn straw powder, 30-50 parts of mushroom bran, 40-60 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of mixed bacterial agent, 5-15 parts of potassium humate, and 8-12 parts of amino acids; the application amount of the mixed fertilizer is 150-180 kg / mu.

[0011] Furthermore, the mixed bacterial agent consists of Streptomyces erythroxysporum, Ochrobacterium intermedia and Beauveria bassiana in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0012] Streptomyces rubrotinctum can accelerate the decomposition and transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, thereby releasing various nutrients necessary for plants. It can also improve the soil structure of the matrix to a certain extent, making the transplanting matrix loose, breathable and water-retaining. Ochrobacterium intermedia has the ability to dissolve phosphorus, which can improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, promote plant growth and development and fertilizer absorption, and improve plant resistance to diseases and pests. Beauveria bassiana can promote crop growth, effectively improve crop yield and quality, and also has an insecticidal effect.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the width of the intercepting ditch is 0.6-1m, the depth is 1-1.2m, and the distance between two adjacent ditches is 4m.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the laying thickness ratio of vermiculite, mushroom residue, fertile soil and mixed fertilizer is 2:2:5:1.

[0015] Vermiculite has good cation exchange and adsorption properties, which can improve soil structure, store water and retain moisture, and increase soil permeability and water content; it can also act as a buffer, hindering rapid changes in pH value and allowing fertilizers to be slowly released in the crop growth medium. Mushroom husks are rich in organic matter and trace elements, which can not only promote plant growth, but also improve soil structure and increase soil fertility.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the fruit tree seedlings are pitaya trees, mulberry trees or plum trees; the seedling height of the fruit tree seedlings is 0.5-1m; the planting row spacing of the fruit tree seedlings is 2-3m, and the plant spacing is 2-3m.

[0017] Dragon fruit, mulberry and plum trees have strong adaptability and drought resistance, and can grow in the cracks of rocks in karst landforms.

[0018] Furthermore, the drought-resistant and flood-resistant forage grass is alfalfa, clover or Astragalus membranaceus; the planting density of the forage grass is 8-12kg / mu.

[0019] These forage grass varieties have strong drought and waterlogging resistance and high nutritional value, and are suitable for planting in areas prone to drought and waterlogging disasters such as intercepting ditches.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the Chinese medicinal materials are Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis or mint; the shade-tolerant forage grass is ryegrass, Duckweed or Chicory; the planting density of the Chinese medicinal materials is 120-150 plants / mu; and the planting density of the shade-tolerant forage grass is 6-10 kg / mu.

[0021] Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis or mint are relatively short plants, suitable for planting in soil with small tree crowns and small shade areas. Rye grass has low requirements for the growth environment and is tenacious. It can grow normally even in insufficient sunlight. Duckgrass can adapt to dark environments and is cold and heat resistant. Chicory is cold and shade tolerant and can grow normally in areas with insufficient light. These shade-tolerant forage grasses are suitable for planting in soil under fruit trees where sunlight is blocked after the crowns of fruit trees are formed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, by laying nutrient clay matrix and fertile soil on the surface of rocky desertification mountain, a double-layer ecological guest soil structure is formed, which can increase the soil thickness and soil adhesion of rocky desertification mountain, solidify soil, reduce soil loss, increase soil fertility and improve soil structure; by digging interception ditch, soil and water loss in rocky desertification mountain can be effectively prevented, and water storage can be played to prevent disasters such as drought, flood and mud-rock flow; by laying planting matrix in interception ditch and planting drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant forage grass, soil and water loss can be reduced, and forage grass growth can be promoted to increase economic benefits; by planting fruit trees on the slope outside the interception ditch, slope soil loss can be prevented, and long-term economic benefits can be increased; by planting short Chinese medicinal materials and shade-tolerant forage grass under fruit trees, land resources can be fully utilized, income can be increased, and the ecological environment can be improved, weed growth can be reduced, and soil moisture can be maintained. Based on this, the method of the present invention can not only repair the ecological environment of rocky desertification mountain, but also increase local economic benefits and achieve sustainable development in rocky desertification areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] The instruments, reagents, materials, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods, detection methods, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional experimental methods, detection methods, etc. in the prior art.

[0025] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of nutrient clay matrix: by weight, 150 parts of fertile soil, 50 parts of humus, 80 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of chitosan, 30 parts of urea, 30 parts of corn cob powder, and 20 parts of carbonized vinegar dregs are mixed evenly.

[0026] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of nutrient clay matrix: by weight, 180 parts of fertile soil, 55 parts of humus, 90 parts of bentonite, 25 parts of chitosan, 35 parts of urea, 35 parts of corn cob powder, and 25 parts of carbonized vinegar dregs are mixed evenly.

[0027] Preparation Example 3 Preparation of nutrient clay matrix: by weight, 200 parts of fertile soil, 60 parts of humus, 100 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of chitosan, 40 parts of urea, 40 parts of corn cob powder, and 30 parts of carbonized vinegar dregs are mixed evenly.

[0028] Preparation Example 4 Preparation of mixed fertilizer: by weight, evenly mix 80 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 40 parts of corn straw powder, 30 parts of mushroom bran, 40 parts of urea, 5 parts of mixed bacterial agent (Streptomyces erythroxysporum, Ochrobacter intermedia and Beauveria bassiana in a mass ratio of 2:2:1), 5 parts of potassium humate and 8 parts of amino acids.

[0029] Preparation Example 5 Preparation of mixed fertilizer: by weight, evenly mix 90 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 50 parts of corn straw powder, 40 parts of mushroom bran, 50 parts of urea, 8 parts of mixed bacterial agent (Streptomyces erythroxysporum, Ochrobacter intermedia and Beauveria bassiana in a mass ratio of 2:2:1), 10 parts of potassium humate and 10 parts of amino acids.

[0030] Preparation Example 6 Preparation of mixed fertilizer: by weight, evenly mix 90 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 50 parts of corn straw powder, 40 parts of mushroom bran, 50 parts of urea, 8 parts of mixed bacterial agent (Streptomyces erythroxysporum, Ochrobacter intermedia and Beauveria bassiana in a mass ratio of 2:2:1), 10 parts of potassium humate and 10 parts of amino acids.

[0031] Preparation Example 7 Preparation of carbonized vinegar lees: Dry the vinegar lees to a moisture content of less than 13%, crush and sieve, place in a pyrolysis carbonization device, add soda lime, carbonize at 500°C for 10 minutes, and then quench with water to obtain the product.

[0032] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: Evenly lay an 8 cm thick layer of the nutrient clay matrix prepared in Example 1 on the surface of the exposed rocky desertification mountain. After the laying is completed, lay another 15 cm thick layer of fertile soil on the surface of the nutrient clay matrix to form a double-layer ecological guest soil structure; S2: Apply the mixed fertilizer of Preparation Example 4 to the soil of the double-layer ecological guest soil structure, with an application amount of 150kg / mu; then dig a horizontal intercepting ditch from high to low on the slope, the width of the intercepting ditch is 0.6m, the depth is 1m, the distance between two adjacent ditches is 4m, and vermiculite, fungus husks, fertile soil, and mixed fertilizer with a thickness ratio of 2:2:5:1 are laid in the ditch from bottom to top, and laid to 2 / 3 of the depth of the intercepting ditch; S3: Plant fruit tree seedlings (dragon fruit trees) on the slope soil outside the interception ditch, with a seedling height of 0.5m, a planting row spacing of 2m, and a plant spacing of 2m; plant drought-resistant and flood-resistant forage grass (alfalfa) in the interception ditch, with a planting density of 8kg / mu; S4: When the fruit tree seedlings grow into saplings, plant Chinese medicinal materials (Platycodon grandiflorum) between the fruit trees, with a planting density of 120 plants / mu; after the fruit tree crowns are formed, plant shade-tolerant forage grass (ryegrass) between the fruit trees, with a planting density of 6kg / mu; S5: Carry out watering, top dressing, replanting of seedlings, pest and disease control in a timely manner, and regularly harvest and replant cash crops.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: Evenly lay a 10 cm thick layer of the nutrient clay matrix prepared in Example 2 on the surface of the exposed rocky desertification mountain. After the laying is completed, lay a 20 cm thick layer of fertile soil on the surface of the nutrient clay matrix to form a double-layer ecological guest soil structure; S2: Apply the mixed fertilizer of Preparation Example 5 to the soil of the double-layer ecological guest soil structure, with an application amount of 160kg / mu; then dig a horizontal intercepting ditch from high to low on the slope, the width of the intercepting ditch is 0.8m, the depth is 1m, the distance between two adjacent ditches is 4m, and vermiculite, fungus husks, fertile soil, and mixed fertilizer with a thickness ratio of 2:2:5:1 are laid in the ditch from bottom to top, and laid to 2 / 3 of the depth of the intercepting ditch; S3: Plant fruit tree seedlings (mulberry trees) on the slope soil outside the interception ditch, with a seedling height of 0.5-1m, a planting row spacing of 2.5m, and a plant spacing of 2.5m; plant drought-resistant and flood-resistant forage grass (clover) in the interception ditch, with a planting density of 10kg / mu; S4: When the fruit tree seedlings grow into saplings, plant Chinese medicinal materials (Scutellaria baicalensis) between the fruit trees, with a planting density of 135 plants / mu; after the fruit tree crowns are formed, plant shade-tolerant forage grass (Dactylis glomerata) between the fruit trees, with a planting density of 8kg / mu; S5: Carry out watering, top dressing, replanting of seedlings, pest and disease control in a timely manner, and regularly harvest and replant cash crops.

[0034] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: evenly laying a 12 cm thick layer of the nutrient clay matrix of Preparation Example 3 on the surface of the exposed rocky desertification mountain. After the laying is completed, laying a 25 cm thick layer of fertile soil on the surface of the nutrient clay matrix to form a double-layer ecological guest soil structure; S2: Apply the mixed fertilizer of Preparation Example 6 on the soil of the double-layer ecological guest soil structure, and the application amount is 180kg / mu; then dig a horizontal interception ditch from high to low according to the slope, the width of the interception ditch is 1m, the depth is 1.2m, the distance between two adjacent ditches is 4m, and vermiculite, fungus husks, fertile soil, and mixed fertilizer with a thickness ratio of 2:2:5:1 are laid in the ditch from bottom to top, and laid to 2 / 3 of the depth of the interception ditch; S3: Plant fruit tree seedlings (plum trees) on the slope soil outside the interception ditch, with a seedling height of 1m, a row spacing of 3m, and a plant spacing of 3m; plant drought-resistant and flood-resistant forage grasses (alfalfa, clover or Astragalus membranaceus) in the interception ditch, with a planting density of 12kg / mu; S4: When the fruit tree seedlings grow into saplings, plant Chinese medicinal herbs (mint) between the fruit trees at a planting density of 150 plants / mu; after the fruit tree crowns are formed, plant shade-tolerant forage grass (chicory) between the fruit trees at a planting density of 10kg / mu; S5: Carry out watering, top dressing, replanting of seedlings, pest and disease control in a timely manner, and regularly harvest and replant cash crops.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 The commonly used restoration method in karst areas at present is: digging interception ditches on the slope, planting plants with deep roots and able to grow in rock cracks, such as Ginkgo, Fir, Pseudotsuga, Pinus elliottii, Fir or other trees, shrubs, Chinese medicinal materials, etc. in the cracks outside the interception ditch, laying fertile soil in the interception ditch and planting economic crops.

[0036] According to the methods of the above-mentioned Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1, ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains was carried out. The vegetation coverage rates on the slopes inside and outside the interception ditch were counted in the first year, the third year, and the fifth year of vegetation sowing. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 Vegetation coverage

[0038] It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that by applying the restoration methods of Examples 1-3, the vegetation coverage rates on the slopes inside the flow ditch and outside the intercepting ditch were higher than 80% in the year, the third year, and the fifth year of vegetation sowing, which is significantly better than the method of Comparative Example 1. In addition, compared with Comparative Example 1, the restoration method of this embodiment still has a high vegetation coverage rate after 3 and 5 years, and maintains a relatively stable state for many years. It can be seen that the restoration method of this embodiment can repair the ecological environment of rocky desertified mountains, reduce soil erosion, and increase economic benefits.

[0039] In this embodiment, by laying nutrient clay matrix and fertile soil on the surface of rocky desertified mountains to form a double-layer ecological guest soil structure, the soil thickness and soil adhesion of the rocky desertified mountains can be increased, soil solidification can be carried out, soil loss can be reduced, and soil fertility can be increased and soil structure can be improved; by digging interception ditches, soil and water loss in rocky desertified mountains can be effectively prevented, and water storage can be played to prevent disasters such as droughts, floods and mudslides; by laying planting matrix in the interception ditch and planting drought-resistant and flood-resistant forage grass, soil and water loss can be reduced, and forage growth can be promoted to increase economic benefits; by planting fruit trees on the slope outside the interception ditch, slope soil loss can be prevented, and long-term economic benefits can be increased; by planting dwarf Chinese medicinal materials and shade-tolerant forage grass under the fruit trees, land resources can be fully utilized, income can be increased, and the ecological environment can be improved, weed growth can be reduced, and soil moisture can be maintained.

[0040] In summary, the method of this embodiment can not only repair the ecological environment of rocky desertified mountainous areas, but also increase local economic benefits and achieve sustainable development in rocky desertified areas.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains, characterized by: The specific steps include: S1: Evenly lay the nutrient clay matrix on the surface of the exposed rocky desertified mountain. After the laying is completed, lay another layer of fertile soil on the surface of the nutrient clay matrix to form a double-layer ecological guest soil structure; S2: Apply mixed fertilizer on the soil of the double-layer ecological soil structure, then dig horizontal interception ditches from high to low along the slope, and lay vermiculite, mushroom residue, fertile soil, and mixed fertilizer in the ditches from bottom to top, until 2 / 3 of the depth of the interception ditch; S3: Plant fruit tree seedlings on the slope soil outside the interception ditch, and plant drought- and flood-resistant forage grass inside the interception ditch; S4: When the fruit tree seedlings grow into saplings, plant Chinese medicinal materials between the fruit trees; when the fruit tree crowns are formed, plant shade-tolerant forage grass between the fruit trees; S5: Carry out watering, top dressing, replanting of seedlings, pest and disease control in a timely manner, and regularly harvest and replant cash crops.

2. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the nutrient clay matrix is ​​composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of fertile soil, 50-60 parts of humus, 80-100 parts of bentonite, 20-30 parts of chitosan, 30-40 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of corn cob powder, and 20-30 parts of carbonized vinegar dregs.

3. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the laying thickness of the nutrient clay matrix is ​​8-12 cm; the laying thickness of the fertile soil is 15-25 cm.

4. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mixed fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-60 parts of corn straw powder, 30-50 parts of mushroom bran, 40-60 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of mixed bacterial agent, 5-15 parts of potassium humate, and 8-12 parts of amino acids; the application amount of the mixed fertilizer is 150-180 kg / mu.

5. A method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mixed bacterial agent consists of Streptomyces rubrotinctum, Ochrobactrum intermedia and Beauveria bassiana in a mass ratio of 2:2:

1.

6. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the width of the intercepting ditch is 0.6-1m, the depth is 1-1.2m, and the distance between two adjacent ditches is 4m.

7. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the laying thickness ratio of vermiculite, mushroom residue, fertile soil and mixed fertilizer is 2:2:5:

1.

8. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the fruit tree seedlings are pitaya trees, mulberry trees or plum trees; the seedling height of the fruit tree seedlings is 0.5-1m; the planting row spacing of the fruit tree seedlings is 2-3m, and the plant spacing is 2-3m.

9. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant forage grass is alfalfa, clover or Astragalus membranaceus; and the planting density of the forage grass is 8-12 kg / mu.

10. The method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the Chinese medicinal materials are Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis or mint; the shade-tolerant forage grass is ryegrass, Duckweed or Chicory; the planting density of the Chinese medicinal materials is 120-150 plants / mu; the planting density of the shade-tolerant forage grass is 6-10 kg / mu.

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