Field regression method for endangered mangrove plant coriaria occidentalis

Abstract

The invention discloses a field returning method for endangered mangrove plant coriaria occulta, and belongs to the technical field of field returning of rare and endangered plants, and the field returning method comprises the steps of seed collection and treatment, seed germination, strong seedling culture, field domestication, field returning planting and the like. And the survival rate of the seedlings and the quality of the seedlings are greatly improved through steps and measures such as temperature training and salinity domestication. The method solves the problems of difficult seed germination, poor nursery stock quality, low survival rate, poor natural renewal and the like of mangrove forest plant coriaria occidentalis at present.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wild reintroduction of rare and endangered plants, and particularly relates to a method for wild reintroduction of an endangered mangrove plant, Sonneratia ovata. Background Art

[0002] Sonnerntia ovata is a species of mangrove plant in the Sonnerntia genus of the Sonneratia family. In my country, it is only naturally distributed in the Qinglan Nature Reserve in Wenchang, Hainan.

[0003] Sonneratia ovalifolia is a light-requiring seed with narrow adaptability to temperature. Insufficient light and low temperature under the forest are not conducive to seed germination. Sonneratia ovalifolia has poor salt resistance and the high salinity of the seawater in its habitat inhibits seed germination. The germination rate of sown seeds is very low under natural conditions. The understory habitat is not suitable for the germination of Sonneratia ovalifolia seeds. During the field investigation, it was found that there were very few Sonneratia ovalifolia seedlings under the mother tree. Zhong Cairong (Zhong Cairong, 2004, Seedling cultivation and afforestation technology of Sonneratia ovalifolia) mentioned the research on seed propagation and seedling cultivation technology of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia. Seedling cultivation technology covers the steps of seed collection, seed treatment, seed germination, seedling hardening and field adaptation. Because mangrove plants grow in the special habitat of the intertidal zone, they are affected by conditions such as high light, high salt and physiological drought stress, and the endangered seedlings cultivated are difficult to survive in the wild. Most of the existing breeding technologies use traditional seedling raising technology, which cannot fully solve the survival rate problem of wild planting of Sonneratia ovalifolia.

[0004] Carrying out breeding work for the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovata and increasing its population is the most direct and effective means to protect my country's red germplasm resources. After exploration, we have explored a method for the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovata to return to the wild, which provides a necessary means for the protection of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovata germplasm resources. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for the wild reintroduction of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia. The method realizes the wild reintroduction of Sonneratia ovalifolia by collecting and processing seeds, germinating seeds, culturing seedlings, acclimating and culturing, and planting them in the reintroduction site, thereby improving the survival rate of the wild reintroduction.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for returning endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia to the wild comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: Seed collection and processing: collect the ripe fruits of Sonneratia ovalifolia, soak them in seawater for 5-7 days, remove the rotten parts of the peel, obtain the seeds, sterilize the seeds, soak them and sow them;

[0009] S2: Seed germination: Evenly spread the seeds treated in step S1 on the seedling tray, cover them with 1 to 2 times the volume of seedling soil, spray fresh water and sea water on the soil surface to keep it moist, spray fungicide, and cultivate in a greenhouse;

[0010] S3: Seedling cultivation: Take the 5cm-6cm tall seedlings after S2 cultivation, transplant them into a seedling bag containing nutrient soil and place them in a hotbed for temperature training;

[0011] The nutrient soil is composed of peat moss, sea mud, coconut husk and sawdust;

[0012] S4: acclimatization and cultivation: transplanting the seedlings with a height of more than 20 cm obtained in step S3 to the acclimatization seedling bed for salinity acclimatization;

[0013] S5: Planting in the return land: Transplant the seedlings with a height of more than 50 cm obtained in step S4 to the return land, and apply cake fertilizer water after the Sonneratia ovalifolia is transplanted and survives for 1 month.

[0014] Preferably, the S1 seed processing step is:

[0015] Collect the ripe fruits of Sonneratia ovalifolia, soak them in dilute seawater for 5 to 7 days, change the water once a day, until the peel rots, remove the rotten peel by gently rubbing while flushing, disinfect the seeds with alcohol, soak them in 42 to 45°C water for 20 minutes, dry them naturally, soak them in 100 mg / L to 200 mg / L 30°C to 42°C gibberellin solution for 2 hours and then sow them.

[0016] Preferably, the greenhouse culture temperature for germination of the S2 seeds is 30±2°C, ventilation is maintained, and light is provided for 12h to 16h per day, and then 0.25% to 1% mass concentration of freshwater seawater is sprayed on the soil surface regularly, and a fungicide is sprayed, wherein the fungicide is a 30% mass concentration of carbendazim aqueous solution, 3% to 5% mass concentration of potassium permanganate, and distilled water prepared in a mass ratio of 1.2:3.4:2500.

[0017] Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from peat moss, sea mud, coconut husk and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1 to 2:2 to 2.5:2 to 2.5:1.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the conditions for temperature training of the seedlings are: a temperature difference between day and night of 5 to 8°C, a bed temperature of 20 to 25°C during the day and 15 to 17°C at night.

[0019] Preferably, after the height of the S4 cultured seedlings exceeds 20 cm, the seedlings are transplanted to the acclimatization seedbed, watered continuously for 3 to 5 days, then watered with 0.25% to 1% mass concentration of freshwater for 5 to 7 days, and then watered with 2.0% to 3.0% mass concentration of seawater for 5 to 7 days.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the seedlings are domesticated by forming ridges in the nursery and digging tidal channels perpendicular to the ridges, applying organic fertilizer on the ridges, and then disinfecting the seedbed matrix with a copper sulfate solution with a mass concentration of 8%.

[0021] Preferably, step S5 is: transplanting the seedlings with a height of more than 50 cm obtained in step S4 to the return land, with a planting row spacing of 2m×2m, and applying cake fertilizer and water after the Sonneratia ovalifolia has been transplanted and survived for 1 month.

[0022] Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from peat moss, sea mud, coconut husk and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1.5:2:2.5:1.

[0023] Preferably, the regression site is a coastal tidal flat high tide zone with a seawater salinity of less than 2.0%.

[0024] The cake fertilizer water is an organic fertilizer liquid. It is an organic liquid fertilizer made from the residue left after oil is pressed from plant seeds containing a large amount of oil (such as bean cake, peanut cake, sesame cake, rapeseed cake, etc.) as the main raw material, and is fermented and decomposed. It has a good nourishing effect on plant growth.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The invention regulates seed germination factors, soaks the obtained Sonneratia ovalifolia seeds in diluted seawater to remove pulp, uses gibberellins and warm water to break the dormancy period and promote seed germination after disinfection, and then reasonably allocates the seedling medium, and combines temperature training, salinity acclimation and other methods to effectively improve the germination rate of the Sonneratia ovalifolia seeds, the survival rate of transplantation and the robustness of the plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0028] Embodiment 1 Field return method of Sonneratia ovalifolia

[0029] S1: Seed collection and processing: Collect the ripe fruits of Sonneratia ovalifolia, soak them in seawater for 5-7 days, change the water once a day, rinse and gently rub to remove the rotten fruit skin, disinfect with 70% volume concentration alcohol, soak the seeds in 45℃ water for 20min, dry naturally, soak in 100mg / L 30℃ gibberellin solution for 2h and sow;

[0030] S2: Seed germination: Sprinkle the seeds treated in step S1 evenly on the seedling tray, cover the seeds with 1 to 2 times the volume of seedling soil, and cultivate in a greenhouse. The greenhouse cultivation temperature is 30±2℃, keep ventilation, and provide 12 hours of light per day. Spray 20mL of fungicide per square meter of soil, and regularly spray 0.25% mass concentration of fresh water on the soil surface to keep it moist; the fungicide is prepared from 30% mass concentration of oxadiazine aqueous solution, 3% mass concentration of potassium permanganate, and distilled water in a mass ratio of 1.2:3.4:2500;

[0031] S3: Strong seedling cultivation: Take the seedlings with a height of 5cm to 6cm after cultivation, transplant them into a seedling bag containing nutrient soil, put them into a hotbed, and perform temperature training. The temperature difference between day and night is set to 5-8℃, and the bed temperature can be reduced to 20-25℃ during the day and 15-17℃ at night; the seedling bag is a non-woven bag with a diameter of 10cm; the nutrient soil is prepared by peat moss, sea mud, coconut bran and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1:2:2:1; the particle size range of sawdust is 3-5mm;

[0032] S4: Acclimation and cultivation: After the height of the cultivated seedlings exceeds 20 cm, the seedlings are transplanted to the acclimation seedbed. After transplanting, the acclimation seedbed is first irrigated with fresh water for 3 to 5 days, and then irrigated with 0.25% mass concentration of demi-sea water for 5 to 7 days, and then irrigated with 2.0% mass concentration of sea water for 5 to 7 days. The demi-sea water uses tap water as a solvent and sea salt as a solute.

[0033] The acclimatized seedbed is to form ridges in the nursery and open tidal channels perpendicular to the ridges, apply organic fertilizer on the ridges, and then disinfect the seedbed matrix with a copper sulfate solution with a mass concentration of 8%;

[0034] S5: Planting in the return area: Transplant the seedlings with a height of more than 50 cm obtained in step S4 to the high tide zone of the coastal tidal flat with a seawater salinity of less than 2.0%, with a planting row spacing of 2m×2m. Apply cake fertilizer water 3-4kg / m after the Sonneratia ovata is transplanted and survives for 1 month. 3 .

[0035] The cake fertilizer water is obtained by crushing the dried bean cake and mixing it with water (volume ratio 1:8), soaking it in a sealed container, and fermenting it at 25-28° C. for 40 days. Then, 0.5% of the volume of the fermented cake fertilizer water is added with ferrous sulfate and mixed evenly.

[0036] Embodiment 2 Field return method of Sonneratia ovalifolia

[0037] S1: Seed collection and processing: Collect the ripe fruits of Sonneratia ovalifolia, soak them in seawater for 5-7 days, change the water once a day, rinse and gently rub to remove the rotten fruit skin, disinfect with 70% volume concentration alcohol, soak the seeds in 42℃ water for 20min, dry naturally, soak in 200mg / L 42℃ gibberellin solution for 2h and sow;

[0038] S2: Seed germination: Sprinkle the seeds treated in step S1 evenly on the seedling tray, cover the seeds with 1-2 times the volume of seedling soil, and choose to culture in a greenhouse. The greenhouse culture temperature is 30±2℃, keep ventilation, and light for 16 hours a day. Spray 20mL of fungicide per square meter of soil, and regularly spray 1% mass concentration of fresh water on the soil surface to keep it moist; the fungicide is 30% mass concentration of oxadiazine aqueous solution, 5% mass concentration of potassium permanganate, and distilled water in a mass ratio of 1.2:3.4:2500;

[0039] S3: Seedling cultivation: Take the seedlings with a height of 5 cm to 6 cm after cultivation, transplant them into a seedling bag containing nutrient soil, and then put them into a hotbed for temperature training. The temperature difference between day and night is set to 5 to 8°C, the bed temperature is 20 to 25°C during the day, and 15 to 17°C at night; the seedling bag is a non-woven bag with a diameter of 10 cm; the nutrient soil is prepared from peat moss, sea mud, coconut bran and sawdust in a volume ratio of 2:2.5:2.5:1; the particle size of the sawdust ranges from 3 to 5 mm;

[0040] S4: Acclimation and cultivation: After the height of the cultivated seedlings exceeds 20 cm, the seedlings are transplanted to the acclimation seedbed. After transplanting, the acclimation seedbed is first irrigated with fresh water for 3 to 5 days, and then irrigated with 1% mass concentration of demi-sea water for 5 to 7 days, and then irrigated with 3.0% mass concentration of sea water for 5 to 7 days. The demi-sea water uses tap water as a solvent and sea salt as a solute.

[0041] The acclimatized seedbed is to form ridges in the nursery and open tidal channels perpendicular to the ridges, apply organic fertilizer on the ridges, and then disinfect the seedbed matrix with a copper sulfate solution with a mass concentration of 8%;

[0042] S5: Planting in the return area: Transplant the seedlings with a height of more than 55 cm obtained in step S4 to the high tide zone of the coastal tidal flat with a seawater salinity of less than 2.0%, with a planting row spacing of 2m×2m. Apply cake fertilizer water 3-4kg / m after the Sonneratia ovata is transplanted and survives for 1 month. 3 .

[0043] The cake fertilizer water is obtained by crushing the dried bean cake and mixing it with water (volume ratio 1:8), soaking it in a sealed container, and fermenting it at 25-28° C. for 40 days. Then, 0.5% of the volume of the fermented cake fertilizer water is added with ferrous sulfate and mixed evenly.

[0044] Example 3 Field regression method of Sonneratia ovalifolia

[0045] S1: Seed collection and processing: Collect the ripe fruits of Sonneratia ovalifolia, soak them in seawater for 5-7 days, change the water once a day, rinse and gently rub to remove the rotten fruit skin, disinfect with 70% volume concentration alcohol, soak the seeds in 45℃ water for 20min, dry naturally, soak in 100mg / L 30℃ gibberellin solution for 2h and sow;

[0046] S2: Seed germination: Sprinkle the seeds treated in step S1 evenly on the seedling tray, cover the seeds with 1 to 2 times the volume of seedling soil, and cultivate in a greenhouse. The greenhouse cultivation temperature is 30±2℃, keep ventilation, and provide 12 hours of light per day. Spray 20mL of fungicide per square meter of soil, and then regularly spray 0.50% mass concentration of fresh water on the soil surface to keep the soil moist; the fungicide is 30% mass concentration of oxadiazine (aqueous solution), 4% mass concentration of potassium permanganate, and distilled water in a mass ratio of 1.2:3.4:2500;

[0047] S3: Seedling cultivation: Take the seedlings with a height of 5 cm to 6 cm after cultivation, transplant them into a seedling bag containing nutrient soil, and then put them into a hotbed for temperature training. The temperature difference between day and night is set to 5 to 8°C, the bed temperature is 20 to 25°C during the day, and 15 to 17°C at night; the seedling bag is a non-woven bag with a diameter of 10 cm; the nutrient soil is prepared from peat moss, sea mud, coconut bran and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1.5:2:2.5:1; the particle size of the sawdust ranges from 3 to 5 mm;

[0048] S4: Acclimation and cultivation: After the height of the cultivated seedlings exceeds 20 cm, the seedlings are transplanted to the acclimation seedbed. After transplanting, the acclimation seedbed is first irrigated with fresh water for 3 to 5 days, and then irrigated with 0.75% mass concentration of demi-sea water for 5 to 7 days, and then irrigated with 3.0% mass concentration of sea water for 5 to 7 days. The demi-sea water uses tap water as a solvent and sea salt as a solute.

[0049] The acclimatized seedbed is to build ridges in the nursery and open tidal channels perpendicular to the ridges, apply organic fertilizer on the ridges, and then disinfect the seedbed matrix with 8% copper sulfate solution;

[0050] S5: Planting in the return area: Transplant the seedlings with a height of more than 60 cm obtained in step S4 to the high tide zone of the coastal tidal flat with a seawater salinity of less than 2.0%, with a planting row spacing of 2m×2m. Apply cake fertilizer water 3-4kg / m after the Sonneratia ovata is transplanted and survives for 1 month. 3 .

[0051] The cake fertilizer water is obtained by crushing the dried bean cake and mixing it with water (volume ratio 1:8), soaking it in a sealed container, and fermenting it at 25-28° C. for 40 days. Then, 0.5% of the volume of the fermented cake fertilizer water is added with ferrous sulfate and mixed evenly.

[0052] Comparative Example 1 Field regression method of Sonneratia ovalifolia

[0053] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the nutrient soil in S3 is a mixture of peat moss, sea mud, coconut husk and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1:2:2:0.2.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 Field regression method of Sonneratia ovalifolia

[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the seedlings are not subjected to salinity acclimation and are only irrigated with fresh water before being transplanted to the wild for planting.

[0056] Comparative Example 3 Field regression method of Sonneratia ovalifolia

[0057] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the seedlings are not subjected to temperature training. The seedling cultivation temperature in step S4 is 20-25°C of the bed temperature.

[0058] Experimental determination 1

[0059] Thirty plants were returned in each group. Growth data were collected 6 months after planting in the return site, and the growth and development as well as the survival rate of the returned plants were recorded.

[0060] Table 1

[0061]

[0062] The experimental results show that in Examples 1 to 3, by adjusting seed germination factors, scientifically proportioning seedling substrates, temperature training, strengthening seedling hardening, and domestication and cultivation, the wild return planting effect of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovata was effectively improved, the transplanted seedling survival rate was high, and the plants were strong. In particular, it was found that Example 3 had the best effect, and the seedling quality cultivated with the nutrient soil prepared with peat moss, sea mud, coconut bran and sawdust in a ratio of 1.5:2:2.5:1 was the best.

[0063] Experimental determination 2 Selection of regression sites

[0064] The seedlings with a height of more than 60 cm cultivated in Example 3 were selected and transplanted in the high tide zone, mid-tidal zone and low tide zone of the coastal tidal flat with a seawater salinity of less than 2.0% as field return sites. 100 seedlings were planted in each return site. The growth was statistically analyzed after 6 months of planting. The results are shown in Table 2:

[0065] Table 2

[0066] Return to the Land Number of surviving plants Survival rate Average plant height (cm) High tide zone 100 100％ 126.7 Midtidal Zone 87 87％ 108.1 Low tide zone 73 73％ 105.2

[0067] As shown in Table 2, the survival rates of the high tide zone, mid-tide zone and low tide zone are 100%, 87% and 70% respectively. The high tide zone has the highest survival rate, followed by the mid-tide zone, and the low tide zone has the lowest survival rate. In addition, the seedlings planted in the high tide zone grow fast, have higher plant height and are strong.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for returning endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia to the wild, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Seed collection and processing: collect the ripe fruits of Sonneratia ovalifolia, soak them in seawater, remove the rotten parts of the peel, obtain the seeds, sterilize the seeds, soak them and sow them; S2: Seed germination: Evenly spread the seeds treated in step S1 on the seedling tray, cover with soil, spray fungicide, spray fresh water on the soil surface to keep it moist, and cultivate in a greenhouse; S3: Seedling cultivation: Take the 5cm-6cm tall seedlings after S2 cultivation, transplant them into a seedling bag containing nutrient soil and place them in a hotbed for temperature training; The nutrient soil is composed of peat moss, sea mud, coconut husk and sawdust; S4: acclimatization and cultivation: transplanting the seedlings with a height of more than 20 cm obtained in step S3 to an acclimatization seedling bed for salinity acclimatization; S5: Planting in the return land: Transplant the seedlings with a height of more than 50 cm obtained in step S4 to the return land, and apply cake fertilizer and water after the Sonneratia ovalifolia is transplanted and survives for 1 month.

2. The method for returning the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia to the wild according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 seed processing steps are: Collect the ripe fruits of Sonneratia ovalifolia, soak them in dilute seawater for 5 to 7 days, change the water once a day, until the peel rots, remove the rotten peel by gently rubbing while flushing, disinfect the seeds with alcohol, soak them in 42 to 45°C water for 20 minutes, dry them naturally, soak them in 100 mg / L to 200 mg / L 30°C to 42°C gibberellin solution for 2 hours and then sow them.

3. The method for returning the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia to the wild according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 is: evenly spreading the seeds treated in step S1 on a seedling tray, covering the seedling soil with a volume of 1 to 2 times that of the seeds, spraying a fungicide, regularly spraying 0.25% to 1% mass concentration of fresh water on the soil surface, and culturing in a greenhouse; the greenhouse culturing temperature is 30±2°C, ventilation is maintained, and light is provided for 12h to 16h every day, and the fungicide is prepared by a 30% mass concentration of a 3mexazol aqueous solution, a 3% to 5% mass concentration of potassium permanganate, and distilled water in a mass ratio of 1.2:3.4:2500.

4. The method for returning the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia to the wild according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient soil is prepared from peat moss, sea mud, coconut bran and wood chips in a volume ratio of 1-2:2-2.5:2-2.5:

1.

5. The method for field reintroduction of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the conditions for temperature training of the seedlings are: the temperature difference between day and night is 5-8°C, the bed temperature is 20-25°C during the day and 15-17°C at night.

6. The method for field reintroduction of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, after the height of the cultivated seedlings exceeds 20 cm, the seedlings are transplanted to the acclimatization seedbed, watered continuously for 3 to 5 days, then watered with 0.25% to 1% mass concentration of freshwater for 5 to 7 days, and then watered with 2.0% to 3.0% mass concentration of seawater for 5 to 7 days.

7. The method for field reintroduction of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the seedlings are domesticated by forming ridges in the nursery and opening tidal channels perpendicular to the ridges, applying organic fertilizer on the ridges, and then disinfecting the seedbed matrix with a copper sulfate solution of 8% mass concentration.

8. The method for field reintroduction of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S5 is: transplanting the seedlings with a height of more than 50 cm obtained in step S4 to the return land, with a planting row spacing of 2m×2m, and applying cake fertilizer water after the Sonneratia ovata has been transplanted and survived for one month.

9. The method for field reintroduction of the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient soil is prepared from peat moss, sea mud, coconut husk and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1.5:2:2.5:

1.

10. The method for returning the endangered mangrove plant Sonneratia ovalifolia to the wild according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regression site is a coastal tidal flat high tide zone where the seawater salinity is less than 2.0%.

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