Efficient selenium-rich corn cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient selenium-rich corn cultivation method which comprises the steps of selenium fertilizer preparation, sowing treatment, fertilization treatment, water-saving management and corn field management, the selenium fertilizer preparation is that pure selenium and water are mixed according to a certain proportion to prepare a liquid selenium-rich fertilizer, and the sowing treatment is that soil is ploughed and soil is closed and prepared before sowing; excellent hybrid seeds are selected, appropriate sowing time and sowing quantity are selected during sowing, planting is performed according to planed seedling reserving density per mu, and by means of the selenium-rich corn cultivation method, the content of selenium in corn is increased, and the yield and quality of corn are guaranteed. Meanwhile, the method is easy to operate, environmentally friendly, sustainable and wide in popularization prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of selenium-enriched corn cultivation, and in particular to a high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Corn is mainly concentrated in the central United States, the Chinese plains, and the southern European plains; corn does not have high requirements for soil and can grow on sandy loam, loam, and clay; corn likes warmth, light, and moisture, and its products accumulate quickly under high temperature, high humidity, and high light conditions, and offspring can only be produced through sexual reproduction.

[0003] As one of the most important food crops in the world, the yield and quality of corn are directly related to food security. In recent years, as people pursue a healthy diet, corn rich in the trace element selenium has become popular. Selenium is one of the essential trace elements for the human body and has multiple physiological functions such as anti-oxidation and enhancing immunity. However, traditional corn cultivation methods often ignore the supplementation of selenium, resulting in a low selenium content in corn. Therefore, the development of an efficient selenium-enriched corn cultivation method is of great significance for improving corn quality and meeting people's demand for healthy food. Summary of the invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a method for cultivating high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is: an efficient selenium-rich corn cultivation method, selenium fertilizer preparation, sowing treatment, fertilization treatment, water-saving management and corn field management steps.

[0006] Preferably, the preparation of the selenium fertilizer is to mix pure selenium and water in a certain proportion to prepare a liquid selenium-rich fertilizer.

[0007] Preferably, the sowing treatment is to till the land and seal the soil before sowing, select high-quality hybrid seeds, select a suitable sowing period for sowing, and plant the seeds according to the planned seedling density per mu.

[0008] Preferably, the fertilization treatment determines the appropriate amount of fertilizer according to the fertilization rules of corn, soil fertility, fertilizer type, and natural conditions and cultivation measures during fertilization.

[0009] Preferably, water-saving management must be carried out according to the water demand of corn and scientific irrigation in combination with climatic conditions.

[0010] Preferably, corn field management includes the seedling stage, ear stage and flowering and grain stage, and management is carried out according to different growth stages.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0012] (1) The selenium-enriched corn cultivation method not only increases the selenium content in corn, but also ensures the yield and quality of corn. At the same time, the method is simple to operate, environmentally friendly and sustainable, and has broad promotion prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] Below, the present application is further described in conjunction with specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0016] Embodiment 1:

[0017] The invention discloses a high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn cultivation method, which comprises the steps of selenium fertilizer preparation, sowing treatment, fertilization treatment, water-saving management and corn field management.

[0018] The preparation of selenium fertilizer is to mix pure selenium and water in a certain proportion to prepare liquid selenium-rich fertilizer, and the fertilizer is 22.52g of selenium fertilizer, containing 563.00mg of pure selenium, to 5000ml of water;

[0019] The sowing treatment includes tilling the land and sealing and preparing the soil before sowing. The seeds are selected from excellent hybrids. The appropriate sowing period is selected for sowing. The sowing amount is planted according to the planned seedling density per mu. The land is turned in autumn, irrigated in winter or irrigated in spring before winter. The tillage depth should reach more than 25 cm. The tillage depth should be consistent and the ridges should be turned evenly. When there are roots and tails in the land, the land needs to be cut. After cutting, the stubble is buried. Combined with tillage, all organic fertilizers, 40%-50% of nitrogen fertilizers and 70%-80% of phosphorus fertilizers are applied as base fertilizers in the whole layer. The soil is sealed and prepared before sowing. Before preparation, 100-150g of 50% acetochlor or 80-100g of 90% acetochlor (Henais) is used, and 30-40Kkg of water is added. The soil surface is evenly sprayed to seal the weeds, and then the land is raked and prepared to reach the standard state for sowing. Seed selection, in accordance with the requirements of precision seeds, use commercial seeds that meet the national standard (GB4404.1 = 1996) second-level improved varieties or above, with a purity of more than 96%, a cleanliness of more than 99%, a germination rate of more than 85%, and a moisture content of no more than 13%. The seeds are bright in color, full in size, and not worm-eaten or damaged, to meet the requirements of precision sowing. Seed treatment, before sowing, select appropriate special seed coating agents to coat the seeds based on the occurrence of local pests and diseases, or select relevant pesticides, strong killers, micro-fertilizers, etc. to mix the seeds according to needs, so as to prevent and control pests and diseases and promote growth. The following three aspects should be considered for suitable planting: the minimum temperature for seed germination, the soil conditions at the time of sowing, and the guarantee of normal maturity during the growing season. The minimum temperature for corn germination is 6-7℃, and 10-12℃ is the temperature for slow growth of young shoots. Under the condition that the soil conditions allow (field water holding capacity is greater than 60%), the suitable sowing period for spring corn is generally sown when the ground temperature is stable at 10-12℃ at 5-10cm. The seedlings emerge quickly and neatly, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings in the seedling stage. If the planting is too early, the emergence time will be extended, the seedlings will not be neat, and the seeds will be easy to rot. If the soil conditions are taken into consideration and the corn in the area with a short frost-free period can be guaranteed to mature normally, it can be sown early at an appropriate time when the ground temperature is stable at about 10℃ at 5-10cm. The corn covered with mulch can be sown in advance when the ground temperature is 8-10℃ at 5-10cm. The planting method is configured according to the harvesting machinery. At present, there are two main sowing methods in corn production, namely 60cm equal row spacing sowing and 60+40cm wide and narrow row sowing. When sowing, an air-suction precision seeder is used, with 8,000 to 10,000 seeds planted per acre. The corn sowing amount varies depending on the seed size, planting density, and planting method.

[0020] The appropriate sowing depth is determined by the soil quality, soil conditions and seed size. Generally, 4 to 6 cm is appropriate. If the soil texture is heavy and the soil conditions are good, it can be shallower. If the soil texture is loose and easy to dry, it can be deeper. For large seeds, it can be deeper, but generally not more than 8 cm. It should be noted that the soil should be planted quickly in soil with good soil conditions and fertility. Reasonable close planting is an important measure for high corn yield. With the development of corn cultivation technology and the improvement of production conditions, especially the promotion of compact, dense, high-yield and lodging-resistant corn hybrids, corn yield has increased significantly. The yield-increasing effect of reasonable dense planting has been fully confirmed by a large number of production practices. Corn yield is composed of the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear and the grain weight. The product of the three is the yield per mu. The larger the product, the higher the yield. In production, we always hope to have more ears, larger ears (more grains) and heavier grains. However, in a corn population, the number of ears is closely related to the number of grains and the grain weight, and they restrict each other. With the increase of planting density, the contradictions between individuals in the population gradually increase. The greater the density, the greater the effect of this contradiction and restriction.

[0021] Among them, the fertilization treatment determines the appropriate amount of fertilizer according to the fertilization law of corn, soil fertility, fertilizer type, natural conditions and cultivation measures during fertilization. Rice is a high-yield crop that requires more fertilizer. During the growth and development process, it needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients, among which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most needed, followed by calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, manganese, selenium and other elements. According to the fertilizer requirement law of corn and production practice, corn fertilization should follow the following basic principles: basal fertilizer is the main fertilizer, topdressing is the auxiliary fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer is the auxiliary fertilizer. Ear fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and grain fertilizer is the auxiliary fertilizer. The basal fertilizer is preferably high-quality decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer such as pressed green manure. The amount and method of fertilization should also be based on the comprehensive application of yield indicators, soil fertility basis, fertilizer type, planting method, variety and density. When applying selenium fertilizer, the prepared liquid selenium-rich fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves of corn. The systematic treatment of different leaf spraying periods, application amounts and application methods can achieve selenium enrichment of corn. The amount and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by corn increase with the increase of yield level, and also vary due to different soil, materials, climate and fertilization methods. The speed and amount of corn absorbing selenium, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at different growth stages are significantly different. Generally speaking, corn seedlings grow slowly, the plants are small, and the amount of nitrogen absorbed is small, accounting for about 2% of the total nitrogen. It enters rapid growth from jointing to flowering, which is the period of development of male and female ears. The absorption of nutrients is fast and the amount is large. It is a critical period for corn to need nutrients. The absorption of nitrogen accounts for about 50% of the total, and the absorption of selenium accounts for 7.62%. During the grain filling period, the absorption speed and amount gradually decrease slowly, and the absorption of selenium during this period accounts for about 5% of the total. The absorption law of phosphorus by corn is basically the same as that of nitrogen. It reaches a peak from jointing to tasseling, and slows down after pollination. Reasonable fertilization mainly determines the appropriate amount of fertilizer, nutrient ratio, fertilization period and fertilization method based on the fertilizer requirements of corn, soil fertility, fertilizer type, natural conditions and cultivation measures during fertilization, so as to maximize fertilizer utilization.

[0022] The high-yield fertilization technology for corn is divided into basal fertilizer, seed fertilizer, topdressing and foliar spraying. Basal fertilizer is the fertilizer applied before sowing, also known as base fertilizer. It should usually be based on high-quality organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Its important function is to improve soil fertility, loosen the soil, slowly release nutrients, and supply the needs of corn seedlings and later growth and development. Seed fertilizer is needed for seed germination and seedling growth, and is mainly quick-acting chemical fertilizer. Since chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, can cause seed rot, they should be applied separately from seeds, with a depth of 8-10cm. The amount of seed fertilizer is about 10% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the remaining fertilizer after applying the basal fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer, add 20-30kg of decomposed oil residue or sheep manure, foliar fertilization, foliar fertilization is relatively simple to operate, the nutrient elements circulate quickly and take effect quickly, it is a supplement to foliar fertilization, especially for the prevention and treatment of corn deficiency, it can also achieve efficient absorption when selenium fertilizer is applied on the leaves. The types of foliar fertilizers mainly include trace element foliar fertilizers, rare earth trace fertilizers, organic compound foliar fertilizers and some biological regulators, etc., which are generally used in combination with spraying and other measures. For ear fertilizer, the period from corn jointing to tasseling is the period with the greatest effect of fertilization, which is the peak period of female ear and spikelet differentiation. The vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand. It is a critical period that determines the size of the ear and the number of grains. It requires more nutrients and water. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be used for ear fertilizer, and the amount accounts for about 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer. It can be quickly applied after irrigation with furrowing and soil cultivation. Flower and grain fertilizer, corn has fully entered the reproductive growth stage. More than 90% of the dry matter yield in the grain comes from the photosynthetic products of the leaves. At this time, keeping the leaves green and extending the functional period of the leaves are important measures to increase grain weight and obtain high yields. Because the corn plants are tall during this period, field mechanization is not possible. For plots irrigated with box irrigation or self-pressure hose, 5-10 kg of special fertilizer for drip irrigation or other quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied with water drops, or a certain amount of high-efficiency coated urea can be applied in the furrow topdressing to control and delay the release rate of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and extend the effective period of urea. Precision fertilization is to provide appropriate amounts and proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizers according to the fertilizer requirements of corn, soil fertilizer supply capacity and fertilizer effect, so as to achieve economical and reasonable fertilization. At present, soil test and formula fertilization are mainly carried out according to the yield target. Commonly used methods include nutrient balance method, soil fertility difference subtraction method, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio method, etc.

[0023] Among them, water-saving management must be carried out according to the water demand law of corn and scientific irrigation in combination with climate conditions. Corn plants have deep roots and lush leaves, and their growth period is mostly under high temperature conditions. Corn is a crop that requires more water. Corn has different water needs in different growth periods. It must be scientifically irrigated according to the water demand law of corn and combined with local climate conditions to meet the water needs of corn in various growth periods, ensure high and stable yields, and achieve the purpose of efficient water saving. The return water demand of corn fields refers to the total amount of irrigation water, precipitation and groundwater consumed due to physiological activities, leaf transpiration and evaporation during the entire growth period. It varies greatly due to different varieties, climate, soil, cultivation conditions and yield levels. Generally, under normal climate and reasonable cultivation technology measures, the return water demand of corn increases with the increase of yield. The water requirement is relatively low in the seedling stage, with daily water consumption of 1.28 cubic meters per mu, accounting for 12% of the total water consumption during the entire growth period; from jointing to tasseling: the water requirement increases significantly, with daily water consumption of 4.87 cubic meters per mu, accounting for 31.6% of the total water consumption during the entire growth period; from tasseling to milky maturity: the water requirement reaches a peak, with daily water consumption of 5.41 cubic meters per mu, accounting for 33% of the total water consumption during the entire growth period; from milky maturity to maturity: the water requirement begins to decrease, with daily water consumption of 3.74 cubic meters per mu, accounting for 20% of the total water consumption during the entire growth period. From emergence to the stage of 5-leaf development, because the plant grows slowly, the number of individuals is small, and water consumption is low, the soil moisture can generally maintain the normal growth of the root system. From the development of 5 leaves to jointing, the male spike is developing and the female spike begins to grow. At the end of this stage, it becomes sensitive to water, but normally still does not require irrigation. The stage from jointing to tasseling is the fastest growth of stems and leaves, the transition stage from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and it is also a period when corn is more sensitive to water. The large trumpet stage is the key period for the differentiation and development of female spikelets. When corn enters the critical period of water requirement, irrigation begins. The period from tasseling and pollen release to silking is the most sensitive period for corn to water. If the water supply is insufficient, it will inhibit the elongation of filaments, delay silking, and prevent the female spike from being fertilized and fruiting normally. If the plant wilts for 7 consecutive days during this period, the yield reduction can reach 38%. From silking to grain formation, the sensitivity to water is second only to the silking period. During this period, if the plant wilts for 3-8 days, the general grain yield reduction can reach about 29%. Irrigation according to the water demand of corn can save water and improve water utilization. At present, it is mainly determined based on the morphological indicators of corn growth, soil moisture content and corn physiological indicators. From sowing to emergence, the soil field water holding capacity is required to be 60%-80%, 55%-60% in the seedling stage, 70% in the jointing stage, 80% in the tasseling and silking stage, and 75% in the milky to waxy stage. If it is lower than the above index, irrigation should be carried out.

[0024] Among them, corn field management includes seedling stage, ear stage and flowering and grain stage. Management is carried out according to different growth stages. Field management of corn is based on the growth and development law of corn. According to the characteristics and requirements of each growth and development period, a series of field management work such as field seedling determination, intertillage and weeding, topdressing and irrigation, and prevention and control of pests and diseases is done well. It plays an important role in ensuring the healthy growth of corn. It is a comprehensive measure for corn to produce high yield, stable yield, high efficiency and low cost. Intertillage is an important work of corn field management. The role of intertillage is to loosen the soil, circulate air, break up the compaction, increase ground temperature, eliminate weeds and pests, reduce the consumption of water and nutrients, promote soil microbial activity, and meet the requirements of corn growth and development. Intertillage in the seedling stage can generally be carried out 1-3 times. The first time, corn can be carried out when it is in place, with a depth of 10-12cm. It is necessary to avoid pressing and burying seedlings. The second and third intertillage should be shallow beside the seedlings and deep between the rows. The intertillage depth can reach 16-18cm. Timely thinning can avoid crowding of seedlings, attract light from each other, save soil nutrients and water, and facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings. Generally, thinning is done when the seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves. Pay attention to keeping the seedlings evenly, remove the weak and keep the strong, remove the small and keep the large, remove the diseased and keep the healthy. Thinning should be combined with loosening the main branches and eliminating weeds. If there are missing plants, double seedlings can be left on both sides. Thinning should be based on variety characteristics, soil fertility, management level, target yield, determine a reasonable seedling density, take into account the harm of pests and diseases, field machinery operations and other factors, and thin the seedlings 10% more than the planned density. Seedling squatting is based on the characteristics of seedling growth and development, with the main purpose of promoting root development, making the roots grow deep and spread widely, and enhancing the ability to resist drought and lodging. The main measures include tillage and loosening the soil, controlling water content, and the leaves of corn seedlings have high chlorophyll content and strong water retention capacity, which has a certain effect on enhancing the drought and early resistance of corn plants. Seedling squatting should be treated differently according to the seedling conditions, soil moisture, fertility and other conditions at the time. Seedling squatting should be carried out when the seedlings are dark green, the growth is vigorous, the soil is fertile, and the environment is good. Seedling squatting should be carried out when the soil is thin and the seedlings grow poorly. Generally, seedling squatting is not suitable for land with heavy sand, poor water and cell retention, and heavy saline-alkali land.

[0025] The water requirement of corn from flowering to maturity accounts for 50% to 55% of the entire growth period. In particular, the heading and flowering period is sensitive to water. The moisture level in the field should be maintained at 75% to 80% of the field water holding capacity. During this stage, the physiological activity of corn is vigorous, and dry matter accumulates the most and fastest, requiring a large amount of water and nutrients. At this time, timely irrigation can not only promote flowering and fertilization, reduce baldness and grain deficiency, but also promote the formation of a large number of aerial roots. It is also important to improve the light and intensity of corn leaves, increase grain size and weight, enhance corn's resistance to lodging, and prevent premature aging in the later stage. Therefore, the third, fourth, and fifth irrigations should be done well. Irrigation should not only meet growth needs, but also prevent excessive irrigation. Watering should not be stopped too early in the later stage. As long as the plants are green, the field should be kept moist.

[0026] The general principle of corn planting methods is that long-term adjustments rely on varieties, and short-term adjustments rely on sowing dates. In order to get it on the market earlier, early-maturing varieties can be selected in combination with early-maturing cultivation measures, which can advance the harvest of selenium-rich corn by 15 to 20 days.

[0027] The above describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and the specification only describe the principles of the present application. The present application may have various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present application for which protection is sought. The scope of protection claimed by the present application is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn, characterized in that: It includes selenium fertilizer preparation, sowing treatment, fertilization treatment, water-saving management and corn field management steps.

2. A high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn cultivation method as described in claim 1, wherein the selenium fertilizer is prepared by mixing pure selenium and water in a certain proportion to prepare a liquid selenium-enriched fertilizer.

3. A high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn cultivation method as described in claim 1, wherein the sowing treatment is to plow the land and seal the soil before sowing, the seeds are selected from excellent hybrids, the appropriate sowing period is selected during sowing, and the sowing amount is planted according to the planned seedling density per mu.

4. A high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn cultivation method as described in claim 1, wherein the fertilization treatment determines the appropriate amount of fertilizer according to the fertilization law of corn, soil fertility, fertilizer type, and natural conditions and cultivation measures during fertilization.

5. A high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn cultivation method as described in claim 1, wherein water-saving management must be carried out scientifically according to the water demand law of corn and combined with climatic conditions.

6. A high-efficiency selenium-enriched corn cultivation method as described in claim 1, wherein corn field management includes seedling stage, ear stage and flowering and grain stage, and is managed according to different growth stages.