Indoor soilless ricefield eel bionic breeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses an indoor soilless ricefield eel bionic breeding method, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture, the bionic breeding method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a cubic pool for ricefield eel breeding; s2, a foam box structure is designed, and the bottom of a foam box is cut off so that water can flow; an upper cover of the foam box is hollowed out, the edge is reserved, and an anti-escape barrier is formed; mesh cloth is embedded into the transformed foam box and extends out of the bottom of the foam box to form a semi-closed foam net cage structure; placing black and white films and plastic wires which are cut into strips in the foam net cage to serve as shelters and oviposition carriers of the ricefield eels; the designed foam box is placed in a water pool for inhabiting and breeding of ricefield eels. By simulating the natural ecological environment of the ricefield eels, the breeding and hatching processes are optimized, the breeding rate and hatching success rate of the ricefield eels are remarkably increased, the breeding cost is reduced, the breeding efficiency is improved, and the sustainability of breeding is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to an indoor soilless yellow eel ecological reproduction method. Background Art

[0002] Yellow eel, also known as unagi, is a bony fish of the genus Monopterus in the family Synbranchidae in the order Synbranchidae. The yellow eel has a snake-like body, a smooth and scaleless body surface, a round tubular front section, gradually flattened toward the back, a short and pointed tail, a swollen head, and a blunt snout; the eyes are small, located laterally superior, and covered with a membrane; the mouth is large, located anteriorly, and the mouth cleft exceeds the posterior edge of the eye. As an aquatic animal with high economic value, the reproduction of the yellow eel has strict requirements on environmental conditions. The existing breeding model often cannot meet the natural ecological needs of the yellow eel, resulting in limited breeding efficiency. The yellow eel has high requirements for the breeding environment, including water temperature, water quality, light, soil, etc. Traditional breeding methods are difficult to accurately control these environmental factors, resulting in slow growth and susceptibility to disease of the yellow eel. The yellow eel has a sex reversal phenomenon and a low natural reproduction rate. In addition, improper selection of parent eels and backward breeding technology have led to insufficient supply of yellow eel seedlings and cannot meet market demand. In this regard, we proposed an indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, a soil-free ecological breeding method for yellow eels is provided. This technical solution solves the above problems.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an indoor soilless yellow eel biomimetic breeding method, the biomimetic breeding steps are: S1. Construct a cubic pool for breeding eels; S2. Design the foam box structure and cut off the bottom of the foam box to achieve the flow of water; Hollow out the top cover of the foam box, leaving the edges to form an anti-escape barrier; A mesh is embedded inside the modified foam box, and the mesh extends from the bottom of the foam box to form a semi-enclosed foam mesh box structure; Place black and white film and plastic wire cut into strips inside the foam cage as a shelter and egg-laying carrier for the eels; The designed foam box is placed in the pool for the eels to inhabit and reproduce; S3. Selection and placement of yellow eel parents: In the middle of the year, healthy yellow eel parents are carefully selected from reputable farmers and placed in each foam cage in a ratio of 1:1-1:3 between male and female for natural pairing and reproduction; S4, feeding, intermittently feeding earthworms and special feeds into the foam cage, observing the feeding behavior of the eel, if foam appears in the cage, immediately stop feeding, and monitor the hatching process of the eel in real time. After about 18-22 days of foam, remove the parents from the foam cage, and continue to culture the eel fry in the original cage; S5, transferring the hatched seedlings to a cultivation pond for cultivation and management to complete the breeding process of the yellow eel; S6. Regularly test and adjust water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen level to ensure that the eels live in a suitable environment and keep the water quality of the pool clean; S7. Regularly inspect and maintain the foam cages to ensure the integrity of the breeding environment. After the eels have completed their breeding, evaluate the success of the breeding, analyze the factors that affect the success rate of breeding, and optimize them.

[0005] Preferably, in step S1, the length and width of the cubic pool are both 1m, and the depth of the pool is 1m. After the pool is excavated, a water circulation system is configured to simulate natural water flow. The water circulation system is regularly inspected, and key components of the water pump, air pump and biofilter are inspected and maintained to ensure their normal operation. At the same time, dirt and impurities in the pipeline are cleaned.

[0006] Preferably, in step S2, four groups of foam boxes are placed in the water pool, the length and width of the foam boxes are both 50 cm, the mesh number of the mesh is 40-60 mesh, the length of the mesh extending from the bottom of the foam box is 25 cm-30 cm, and the height between the bottom of the net bag and the bottom of the foam box is 15 cm-30 cm.

[0007] Preferably, the mid-year time in step S3 is mid-May, and the placement ratio is 1:1-1:3 for each foam box.

[0008] Preferably, the interval between feeding in step S4 is 2-3 days, and the feeding and growth of the eel are observed regularly, and the reproductive behavior of the eel, including the spawning and development process of fertilized eggs, is observed and recorded, with the foam situation in the water as the monitoring benchmark.

[0009] Preferably, in step S4, when the foam is produced for 18d-22d, the parents are fished out and the eel fry continue to be cultured in the original box. The water temperature is controlled at 26°C-28°C to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen and provide the best hatching environment.

[0010] Preferably, in step S5, when the yolk is completely absorbed and the seedlings are hatched, red worms are fed to start opening, ensuring that the seedlings obtain adequate nutrition and promote healthy growth. The seedlings are initially cultivated in the cultivation pool, feed and environment are provided, the growth of the seedlings is monitored, and the pools are divided to avoid overcrowding.

[0011] Preferably, the interval time for detecting the water environment in step S6 is 2 days, and the water temperature is monitored using a water thermometer. The suitable pH value range for the growth of rice field eels is 6.5-8. A neutral and slightly alkaline environment is conducive to the healthy growth of rice field eels. The water pH value detection method is carried out regularly using pH test paper. When it is found to deviate from the appropriate range, it is adjusted in time. If the pH value of the water body is lower than 6.5, quicklime and calcium hydroxide are added for adjustment. If the pH value of the water body is greater than 8, acetic acid and organic acids are added for neutralization to maintain the acid-base balance of the water body.

[0012] Preferably, in step S6, an aeration device is installed to treat the dissolved oxygen level, the bottom of the pool is regularly cleaned of sediments, leftover bait and excrement, and the water quality in the pool is purified by microbial filtration to inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms.

[0013] Preferably, in step S7, the factors affecting the success rate of reproduction of the eel are analyzed by using the control variable method for experimental analysis. The factors affecting the success rate of reproduction of the eel include water quality, water temperature, feed and light conditions. The factors affecting the reproduction of the eel are obtained through experiments, and the current factors are optimized. The foam cage inspection and maintenance steps include: A1. Carefully check whether every connection point, supporting structure and mesh of the cage are intact to prevent the eels from escaping due to damage; A2. Check whether the cage is firmly fixed on the water surface to prevent displacement and overturning due to wind, waves and water flow; A3. Regularly clean the attachments inside and outside the cages, including algae, plankton and organic residues.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention optimizes the reproduction and hatching process by simulating the natural ecological environment of the eel, significantly improves the reproduction rate and hatching success rate of the eel, reduces the breeding cost, improves the breeding efficiency, and enhances the sustainability of breeding. By constructing a cubic water pool and a foam cage structure, the vertical and horizontal space of the room is fully utilized. Compared with traditional earth pond breeding, it greatly saves land area, completely avoids the situation of occupying land to dig breeding ponds, and is easy to manage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the bionic breeding steps of yellow eel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0017] Example 1 An indoor soilless yellow eel biomimetic breeding method, the biomimetic breeding steps are: S1. Construct a cubic pool for eel breeding. The length and width of the cubic pool are both 1m, and the depth of the pool is 1m; S2. Design a foam box structure. The length and width of the foam box are both 50 cm. Cut off the bottom of the foam box to achieve the flow of water. Hollow out the top cover of the foam box, leaving the edges to form an anti-escape barrier; A mesh is embedded inside the modified foam box, and the mesh extends from the bottom of the foam box to form a semi-enclosed foam mesh box structure; Place black and white film and plastic wire cut into strips inside the foam cage as a shelter and egg-laying carrier for the eels; The designed foam box is placed in the pool for the eels to inhabit and reproduce; S3. Selection and placement of yellow eel parents: In the middle of the year, healthy yellow eel parents are carefully selected from reputable farmers and placed in each foam cage in a ratio of 1:1 between male and female for natural pairing and reproduction; S4, feeding, feeding earthworms and special feeds in the foam cage every 2 days, observing the feeding behavior of the eels, if foam appears in the cage, stop feeding immediately, and monitor the hatching process of the eels in real time. After about 18-22 days of foam, remove the parents from the foam cage, and continue to culture the eel fry in the original cage; S5, transferring the hatched seedlings to a cultivation pond for cultivation and management to complete the breeding process of the yellow eel; S6. Regularly test and adjust water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen level to ensure that the eels live in a suitable environment and keep the water quality of the pool clean; S7. Regularly inspect and maintain the foam cages to ensure the integrity of the breeding environment. After the eels have completed their breeding, evaluate the success of the breeding, analyze the factors that affect the success rate of breeding, and optimize them.

[0018] Example 2 An indoor soilless yellow eel biomimetic breeding method, the biomimetic breeding steps are: S1. Construct a cubic pool for eel breeding. The length and width of the cubic pool are both 1.5m, and the depth of the pool is 1m; S2. Design a foam box structure. The length and width of the foam box are both 50 cm. Cut off the bottom of the foam box to achieve the flow of water. Hollow out the top cover of the foam box, leaving the edges to form an anti-escape barrier; A mesh is embedded inside the modified foam box, and the mesh extends from the bottom of the foam box to form a semi-enclosed foam mesh box structure; Place black and white film and plastic wire cut into strips inside the foam cage as a shelter and egg-laying carrier for the eels; Place the designed foam box in the pool for the eels to inhabit; S3. Selection and placement of yellow eel parents: In the middle of the year, healthy yellow eel parents are carefully selected from reputable farmers and placed in each foam cage in a ratio of 1:3 between male and female for natural pairing and reproduction; S4, feeding, feeding earthworms and special feeds in the foam cage for 3 days, observing the feeding behavior of the eels, if foam appears in the cage, stop feeding immediately, and monitor the hatching process of the eels in real time. After about 18-22 days of foam, remove the parents from the foam cage, and continue to culture the eel fry in the original cage; S5, transferring the hatched seedlings to a cultivation pond for cultivation and management to complete the breeding process of the yellow eel; S6. Regularly test and adjust water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen level to ensure that the eels live in a suitable environment and keep the water quality of the pool clean; S7. Regularly inspect and maintain the foam cages to ensure the integrity of the breeding environment. After the eels have completed their breeding, evaluate the success of the breeding, analyze the factors that affect the success rate of breeding, and optimize them.

[0019] Comparative Example 1 The breeding method of yellow eel, the breeding steps are: A method for the natural reproduction of yellow eel in soil and simulated ecology, the reproduction steps are as follows: B1. Lay a 1m*1.5m*1m cage with a mesh density of 40 meshes in the farmland, and lay at least 20cm thick fertile soil at the bottom of the cage to provide a suitable habitat for the eels; B2. Ecological environment creation: planting appropriate amount of aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and duckweed in the cages to provide shelter and spawning conditions for the eels; B3. Release of yellow eel parents: In mid-May, mature yellow eel parents are released into the cages at a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 to adapt to their natural reproduction cycle; B4. Nutrition feeding management: feed earthworms or special feed every 2-3 days, and adjust the feeding amount according to the eel's feeding situation and growth status to ensure that the eel obtains balanced nutrition; B5. Reproduction behavior monitoring: observe and record the reproduction behavior of the yellow eel, especially the spawning and fertilized egg development process, to provide a basis for reproduction management; B6. Management of fertilized egg hatching medium: monitor the status of foam as the hatching medium for fertilized eel eggs, pay attention to the development of fertilized eggs on the foam, and provide conditions for later hatching; B7. Collection of fertilized eggs and indoor incubation. When the fertilized eggs form tail buds, the color of the fertilized eggs can be clearly found to be darker in the foam, indicating that the fertilized eggs have developed to the later stage. At this time, they can be collected manually. The foam containing eggs is gently scooped out from the net cage and transferred to the indoor incubation facility. During this process, the water temperature is strictly controlled at 26℃-28℃ to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen and provide the best incubation environment for the fertilized eggs. B8. Monitor and optimize the incubation process. From the beginning of incubation until the formation of yolk seedlings, keep the water temperature at 26℃-28℃, maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen, and provide stable growth conditions for the embryos; B9. Seedling cultivation and management. When the yolk is completely absorbed and the seedlings are hatched, start feeding them red worms to start their opening, to ensure that the seedlings get adequate nutrition and promote their healthy growth. Carry out preliminary cultivation of the seedlings in the cultivation pond, provide suitable feed and environment, monitor the growth of the seedlings and divide the ponds in time to avoid overcrowding.

[0020] Comparative Example 2 The breeding method of yellow eel, the breeding steps are: B1. Choose the right broodstock. The female eel should have a swollen abdomen and normal vitality. The male eel should be over 150g in weight and it is best if the abdomen is covered with bloodshot when cut.

[0021] B2. Induced spawning treatment: After the water temperature reaches 25-28℃, the female eels are injected with chorionic gonadotropin solution. After the injection, place the parent eels in an aquarium or cage for about 40 hours, changing the water once a day to maintain the water temperature; B3. Before the female eel ovulates, take out the testicle of the male eel, squeeze out the semen in the testicle, and store it in sperm preservation fluid for later use.

[0022] B4. Check ovulation. After injecting the oxytocin, regularly check the ovulation status of the parent eels. When the parent eels begin to ovulate, artificial insemination can be performed. B6. Hold the front of the female eel with a towel in one hand, and squeeze the abdomen backwards with the other hand, squeeze the eggs into a sterilized container, and stir to combine the sperm and eggs; B7. Choose an incubator based on the number of eggs, including a porcelain basin, a glass tank, and a small cage. The water level should be controlled at 10 cm. B8. Keep the water fresh, change the water regularly, avoid drastic changes in water temperature, increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, improve the hatching rate, and place the hatched eel fry in the nursery pond for cultivation. The water quality and water temperature conditions of the nursery pond should be consistent with those of the hatching pond; B9. After the yolk sac of the eel fry disappears, start feeding them with plankton such as cladocerans and copepods, as well as cooked egg yolks and soybean meal bait. The number of feedings and daily feeding amount should be determined according to the growth of the eel fry.

[0023] In Comparative Example 1, reproduction has strict requirements on environmental conditions. Reproduction is carried out under strict natural conditions, which leads to limited reproduction efficiency. Yellow eel has high requirements on the breeding environment, including water temperature, water quality, light, soil, etc. It is difficult to accurately control these environmental factors, and it is not conducive to the introduction of natural water. Additional power equipment is required. It is close to ponds, rivers or farmlands. Although there is a water source advantage, it also increases the risk of pollution. When fertilizing and spraying pesticides on farmlands, the breeding site is polluted through infiltration or surface runoff, resulting in slow growth and susceptibility to disease of yellow eel. Yellow eel has sex reversal phenomenon and low natural reproduction rate. In Comparative Example 2, artificial breeding method is used for yellow eel breeding, which has the characteristics of mass production and high controllability. However, due to the limited hatching technology at present, the hatching rate is not particularly high, and there are certain restrictions on output. Indoor soilless ecological breeding provides a stable and suitable breeding environment for eels by constructing cubic pools and specially designed foam cages. The design of the foam cages, especially the removal of the bottom to promote water flow, helps to improve water quality and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, the mesh and semi-enclosed structure effectively prevent the escape of eels and improve the success rate of breeding. Selecting healthy eel parents from reputable farmers and releasing them in a reasonable ratio of male to female helps to achieve natural pairing and reproduction. In addition, the natural ecological environment is simulated by placing black and white films and plastic silk as shelters and spawning carriers. , further improved the eel's reproductive willingness and reproductive effect, formulated feeding strategies, such as intermittent feeding of earthworms and special feed, and observed the eel's feeding behavior to adjust the feeding amount, avoided water quality deterioration and food waste caused by excessive feeding, helped to improve the reproduction success rate, and promoted the rapid growth and good quality formation of the eel, timely discovered and solved existing problems, and made full use of the indoor vertical and horizontal space by constructing a cubic pool and foam cage structure. Compared with the traditional outdoor earth pond farming, it greatly saved land area and completely avoided the occupation of land to dig breeding ponds, which was easy to manage.

[0024] The steps to analyze the factors that affect reproductive success are: Prepare the eel samples for the experiment and ensure that the eel samples are consistent; The eel parents were randomly divided into several groups, and each group was placed in an aquarium with different temperatures. The temperature range was set at 18℃, 22℃, 25℃, 28℃, and 32℃, and at least one experimental group was set at each temperature point. Control variables to ensure that water quality, nutrients, and light conditions are the same for each group; Observe and record the reproductive behavior, egg number, egg quality, hatching rate and other indicators of each group of yellow eels; Water quality experiment The eel parents were divided into groups and placed in aquariums with different water quality conditions, including clear water, slightly turbid water, and water containing a certain amount of pollutants; Control variables to ensure that water temperature, nutrients, and light conditions are the same for each group; Water quality monitoring, regular testing of various water quality indicators, such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, and ammonia nitrogen content; Observation records, same as above; Nutritional experiments Feed preparation, preparing several feeds of different types and nutritional levels, such as high-protein feed, balanced nutritional feed, and low-protein feed; Grouping: The eel parents were randomly divided into several groups, and each group was fed with different types of feed; Control variables to ensure that water temperature, water quality, and light conditions are the same for each group; Observation records, same as above; Lighting experiment Lighting settings: use the lighting controller to set different light intensities and light cycles, such as strong light, weak light, continuous light, and intermittent light; Divide the eel parents into groups and place them in aquariums with different lighting conditions; Control variables to ensure that water temperature, water quality, and nutrient conditions are the same for each group; Observation records, same as above; Data analysis Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental data of each group to compare the differences in reproductive performance of the yellow eel under different factors; Analyze the specific effects of various factors on the reproductive performance of rice field eel and their mechanisms of action.

[0025] Table 1 below is a comparison table of experiments and condition settings Table 1 Table 2 below is a table of the breeding effects of different embodiments and comparative examples. Table 2 The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An indoor soilless ecological breeding method for yellow eels, characterized in that: The steps of bionic reproduction are: S1. Construct a cubic pool for breeding eels; S2. Design the foam box structure and cut off the bottom of the foam box to achieve the flow of water; Hollow out the top cover of the foam box, leaving the edges to form an anti-escape barrier; A mesh is embedded inside the modified foam box, and the mesh extends from the bottom of the foam box to form a semi-enclosed foam mesh box structure; Place black and white film and plastic wire cut into strips inside the foam cage as a shelter and egg-laying carrier for the eels; The designed foam box is placed in the pool for the eels to inhabit and reproduce; S3. Selection and placement of yellow eel parents: In the middle of the year, healthy yellow eel parents are carefully selected from reputable farmers and placed in each foam cage in a ratio of 1:1-1:3 between male and female for natural pairing and reproduction; S4, feeding, intermittently feeding earthworms and special feeds into the foam cage, observing the feeding behavior of the eel, if foam appears in the cage, immediately stop feeding, and monitor the hatching process of the eel in real time. After about 18-22 days of foam, remove the parents from the foam cage, and continue to culture the eel fry in the original cage; S5, transferring the hatched seedlings to a cultivation pond for cultivation and management to complete the breeding process of the yellow eel; S6. Regularly test and adjust water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen level to ensure that the eels live in a suitable environment and keep the water quality of the pool clean; S7. Regularly inspect and maintain the foam cages to ensure the integrity of the breeding environment. After the eels have completed their breeding, evaluate the success of the breeding, analyze the factors that affect the success rate of breeding, and optimize them.

2. The indoor soilless eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the length and width of the cube pool are both 1m, and the depth of the pool is 1m. After the pool is excavated, a water circulation system is configured to simulate natural water flow. The water circulation system is regularly inspected, and key components such as water pumps, air pumps, and biofilters are inspected and maintained to ensure their normal operation. At the same time, dirt and impurities in the pipes are cleaned.

3. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, four groups of foam boxes are placed in the pool. The length and width of the foam boxes are both 50 cm, the mesh size of the mesh is 40-60 mesh, the length of the mesh extending from the bottom of the foam box is 25 cm-30 cm, and the height between the bottom of the net bag and the bottom of the foam box is 15 cm-30 cm.

4. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mid-year time in step S3 is mid-May, and the placement ratio is 1:1-1:3 for each foam box.

5. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interval between feeding in step S4 is 2-3 days. The feeding and growth of the eels are observed regularly. The reproductive behavior of the eels, including the spawning and development process of fertilized eggs, is observed and recorded. The foam situation in the water is used as the monitoring basis.

6. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when the foam is produced for 18d-22d, the parents are fished out and the eel fry continue to be cultured in the original box. The water temperature is controlled at 26℃-28℃ to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen and provide the best hatching environment.

7. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when the yolk is completely absorbed and the seedlings are hatched, red worms are fed to start opening the mouth, ensuring that the seedlings get adequate nutrition and promote healthy growth. The seedlings are initially cultivated in the breeding pond, feed and environment are provided, the growth of the seedlings is monitored, and the ponds are divided to avoid overcrowding.

8. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the interval for detecting the water environment is 2 days, and the water temperature is monitored using a water thermometer. The suitable pH range for the growth of rice field eels is 6.5-8. A neutral and slightly alkaline environment is conducive to the healthy growth of rice field eels. The water pH detection method is to use pH test paper for regular detection. When it is found to deviate from the appropriate range, it is adjusted in time. If the pH value of the water is lower than 6.5, quicklime and calcium hydroxide are added for adjustment. If the pH value of the water is greater than 8, acetic acid and organic acids are added for neutralization to maintain the acid-base balance of the water.

9. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, an aeration device is installed to treat the dissolved oxygen level, and the bottom of the pool is regularly cleaned of sediments, leftover bait and excrement. The water quality in the pool is purified through microbial filtration to inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms.

10. The indoor soilless yellow eel ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the factors affecting the success rate of reproduction of the eel are analyzed by using the control variable method. The factors affecting the success rate of reproduction of the eel include water quality, water temperature, feed and light conditions. The factors affecting the reproduction of the eel are obtained through experiments, and the current factors are optimized. The steps for inspection and maintenance of foam cages include: A1. Carefully check whether every connection point, supporting structure and mesh of the cage are intact to prevent the escape of eels due to damage; A2. Check whether the cage is firmly fixed on the water surface to prevent displacement and overturning due to wind, waves and water flow; A3. Regularly clean the attachments inside and outside the cages, including algae, plankton and organic residues.

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