Vegetable virus preventive and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetable virus prevention agent and application, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable virus disease resisting agents. The vegetable virus prevention agent comprises a tender willow branch leaching solution and an inonotus obliquus leaching solution. The tender willow branch extract can enhance the stress resistance of the plant to various stresses, so that the antiviral ability of the vegetable plant is improved. The inonotus obliquus leach liquor is rich in polysaccharide substances, can participate in plant disease-resistant defense reaction, can synthesize polypeptide in plant cells, has strong resistance to infection of various disease sources and expansion capability, can repair cell damage, and can interfere with synthesis of nucleic acid and zymoprotein of viruses, thereby playing a role in effectively preventing and controlling plant viruses. In the seedling stage of vegetable crops, the prepared tender willow branch leaching solution is adopted for treatment, after destructive operation, the prepared inonotus obliquus leaching solution is adopted for treatment of plants, and the morbidity of virus diseases can be remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of anti-vegetable virus disease agents, and in particular relates to a vegetable virus preventive agent and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, crops suffer heavy losses every year due to viral diseases. Plant viruses are intracellular parasitic pathogens composed of nucleic acids and proteins with infective activity. They parasitize in plant cells. Unlike animals, plants do not have their own immune system. Once infected, they are often hit hard. Plant diseases caused by plant viruses are known as "plant cancer". Therefore, since the discovery of viral diseases, how to prevent and control them has been a hot topic for scholars. In recent years, cucumber mosaic virus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tobacco mosaic virus, etc. have caused many vegetables to reduce or even completely fail to produce.

[0003] Due to the special intracellular parasitism of plant viruses, the proliferation of the virus itself is integrated with the metabolism of the host; in addition, plants lack a complete immune system. Once the virus infects the plant, it can survive indefinitely in the plant cell until the host dies. Therefore, the prevention and control of plant virus diseases is more difficult than the prevention and control of diseases (fungi, bacteria), insects, weeds and other pests. In addition, the variety of plant viruses, the wide transmission routes, and the risk of transformation into new viruses and integration into the host genome also increase the difficulty of plant virus disease prevention and control. At present, in addition to immune varieties, ideal preparations that are highly selective for viruses and non-toxic or low-toxic to the host have not yet been developed. Most of the antiviral preparations developed at this stage are mainly preventive, and the efficacy is not ideal. At the optimal concentration, the inhibition rate is generally only 30% to 60%. In addition, the variety of agents is relatively single, which makes it easy for viruses to develop resistance to these agents. Therefore, finding efficient, broad-spectrum and safe new anti-plant virus drugs is a difficulty and hot spot in today's pesticide research. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a vegetable virus preventive agent and its application.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a vegetable virus preventive agent, which comprises young switchgrass extract and inonotus birch extract.

[0007] Furthermore, the preparation method of the tender willow branch extract comprises the following steps: collecting fresh willow branches that turn green in spring, cutting them into small segments of 3 to 7 cm, placing them in a glass container or a plastic container, soaking them in water, and then filtering and sterilizing the filtrate.

[0008] Furthermore, the fresh willow branches that have turned green are specifically willow branches from germination to leaf unfolding; the weight ratio of willow branches to water is 1:(1.5-2.5); the soaking temperature is 18-22°C, the time is 3-7 days, and then the filtrate is filtered with a mesh of 300 mesh or more and the filtrate is sterilized.

[0009] Furthermore, the sterilization is specifically performed by sterilizing by ultraviolet light.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for preparing the Inonotus obliquus extract comprises the following steps: soaking the Inonotus obliquus in water, filtering and sterilizing the filtrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the inonotus obliquus to water is 1:(8-22); the soaking temperature is 40-45° C., and the soaking time is 10-15 hours.

[0012] Furthermore, the birch inonotus is in block form, and the mass ratio of birch inonotus to water is 1:(8-12); the birch inonotus is in powder form, and the mass ratio of birch inonotus to water is 1:(18-22).

[0013] Furthermore, the sterilization is carried out by using ultraviolet light.

[0014] The present invention also provides application of the above-mentioned vegetable virus preventive agent in preventing and controlling vegetable virus diseases.

[0015] Furthermore, the vegetables include Solanaceae vegetable crops and Cucurbitaceae vegetable crops.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific application method is: during the seedling stage of vegetable crops, the young willow branch extract is diluted 20 to 30 times, and then the leaves are sprayed twice, with an interval of 6 to 8 days between the two times, and the spraying time is selected in the afternoon or evening of a sunny day; before destructive operations are performed on vegetable plants, the birch fungus extract is diluted 50 to 100 times and sprayed on the whole plant with a sprayer; the spraying time is selected in the afternoon or evening of a sunny day, and personnel engaged in destructive operations on plants should soak their hands and gloves with 8 to 12 times diluted birch fungus extract before operating.

[0017] Furthermore, the destructive operations include transplanting, grafting, bud removal, pinching and leaf removal.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The extract of young willow branches is rich in salicylic acid, which can induce plants to produce a variety of physiological traits such as disease resistance, salt resistance, and cold resistance. It can also directly activate the activities of many enzyme systems related to resistance. At the same time, it can also participate in the regulation of jasmonic acid metabolism in plants, enhance the plant's resistance to various stresses, and thus improve the antiviral ability of vegetable plants.

[0020] (2) The extract of Inonotus birchii is rich in polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are a combination of sugars and proteins that have strong anti-crop virus properties. They can participate in plant disease resistance and synthesize polypeptides in plant cells. They have strong resistance to infection and spread of various pathogens, repair cell damage, and interfere with the synthesis of viral nucleic acids and enzyme proteins, thereby playing an effective role in preventing and controlling plant viruses. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and this detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0023] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0024] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0025] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0026] The Inonotus obliquus used in the following examples is a commercially available conventional raw material and is not particularly limited. A repeated description is not given below.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The preparation of the young willow twig extract is as follows:

[0029] Collect fresh willow branches from spring germination to leaf unfolding, cut them into small segments of about 5 cm, put them in a glass container, add clean water to the glass container at a mass ratio of willow branches to clean water of 1:2, soak them in a cool (18-22℃) windproof place for 5 days, filter them with a 400-mesh net, sterilize the filtrate with ultraviolet light, and then put them into a plastic barrel for storage for later use.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] The preparation of the Inonotus obliquus extract is as follows:

[0032] Take 1 kg of small pieces of Inonotus birchii, put them into a glass container, add 10 kg of clean water, maintain the water temperature at 45°C for 12 hours, filter with a 400-mesh net, sterilize the filtrate with ultraviolet light, and then put it into a plastic barrel for storage.

[0033] Comparative Example 1

[0034] Same as Example 1, except that "fresh willow branches after sprouting in spring and before leaf unfolding" are replaced by "fresh willow branches that have not sprouted in spring".

[0035] Comparative Example 2

[0036] Same as Example 1, except that "fresh willow branches from spring germination to leaf unfolding" are replaced by "fresh willow branches after leaf unfolding".

[0037] Comparative Example 3

[0038] Same as Example 1, except that the soaking temperature is changed to 35°C.

[0039] Comparative Example 4

[0040] Same as Example 2, except that the soaking temperature was changed to 55°C.

[0041] Effect verification

[0042] 1. Tomatoes are threatened by a variety of biological and abiotic stresses whether cultivated in the field or in protected areas. Biological stresses include bacterial, fungal and viral stresses, among which viruses have the most serious impact on plants, such as Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). Experiments were conducted to verify whether the vegetable virus preventive agent prepared by the present invention has a control effect on TYLCV.

[0043] Tomatoes in groups A to F were used as the experimental group, and tomatoes in group G were used as the control group. Each group had 25 tomatoes, and the treatments were repeated 3 times. The treatments for each group were as follows:

[0044] Group A: During the tomato seedling stage, the young willow twig extract prepared in Example 1 was diluted 25 times with clean water, and then sprayed on the leaves twice with a sprayer, with an interval of 7 days between the two times; the spraying time was selected in the afternoon or evening of a sunny day, and TYLCV was inoculated into the phloem two days later; after the tomato seedlings were transplanted and the seedlings were allowed to grow for 7 days, the birch inonotus extract prepared in Example 2 was diluted 70 times, and then sprayed on the leaves, once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times, and the spraying time was selected in the afternoon or evening of a sunny day. Before transplanting, hands and gloves were soaked with a 10-fold dilution of the birch inonotus extract before operation.

[0045] Groups B to F were treated in the same way as Group A, except that different pesticides were used. The pesticides used in each group are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1 Types of pesticides sprayed in each group

[0047]

[0048] On the 15th day after the third spraying of the pesticide after transplanting, the TYLCV incidence of tomato plants in each group was counted. The method for judging the incidence was: the appearance of typical symptoms of viral disease: mosaic, leaf abortion or streaking. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 2 TYLCV incidence of tomato plants in each group

[0050]

[0051] As can be seen from Table 2, treating tomato plants with the young willow twig extract prepared by the present invention during the seedling stage and with the inonotus birch extract prepared by the present invention after transplanting can improve the tolerance of tomatoes to TYLCV and significantly reduce the incidence of the plants.

[0052] 2. Cucumbers are susceptible to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Experiments were conducted to verify whether the vegetable virus preventive agent prepared by the present invention has a preventive and control effect on CMV.

[0053] Cucumbers in groups A to F were used as the experimental group, and cucumbers in group G were used as the control group. Each group had 25 cucumbers, and the treatments were repeated 3 times. The treatments for each group were as follows:

[0054] Group A: During the cucumber seedling stage (3-4 true leaves), the tender willow twig extract prepared in Example 1 was diluted 25 times with clean water, and then sprayed on the leaves twice with a sprayer, with an interval of 7 days between the two times; the spraying time was selected in the afternoon or evening of a sunny day, and the phloem was inoculated with CMV two days later; the seedlings were transplanted, and after the seedlings were slowed down for 7 days, the birch inonotus extract prepared in Example 2 was diluted 70 times, and the leaves were sprayed once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times, and the spraying time was selected in the afternoon or evening of a sunny day. Before transplanting, soak your hands and gloves with a 10-fold dilution of the birch inonotus extract before working.

[0055] Groups B to F were treated in the same way as Group A, except that different pesticides were used. The pesticides used in each group are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3 Types of pesticides sprayed in each group

[0057]

[0058] On the 15th day after the third spraying of the pesticide after transplanting, the CMV incidence of cucumber plants in each group was counted. The method for judging the incidence was: the appearance of typical symptoms of viral disease: mosaic, leaf abortion or streaking. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0059] Table 4 CMV incidence of cucumber plants in each group

[0060]

[0061] As can be seen from Table 4, treating cucumber plants with the young willow twig extract prepared by the present invention during the seedling stage and with the inonotus birch extract prepared by the present invention after transplanting can improve the tolerance of cucumbers to CMV and significantly reduce the incidence of the plants.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and they should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vegetable virus preventive agent, characterized in that: The invention comprises an extract of young willow branches and an extract of inonotus birchii.

2. The vegetable virus preventive agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the tender willow branch extract comprises the following steps: soaking the fresh green willow branches in water, filtering and sterilizing the filtrate.

3. The vegetable virus preventive agent according to claim 2, characterized in that The fresh willow branches that turn green are specifically willow branches from germination to leaf unfolding; the weight ratio of willow branches to water is 1:(1.5-2.5); the soaking temperature is 18-22°C, and the soaking time is 3-7 days.

4. The vegetable virus preventive agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the inonotus obliquus extract comprises the following steps: soaking the inonotus obliquus in water, filtering and sterilizing the filtrate.

5. The vegetable virus preventive agent according to claim 4, characterized in that The mass ratio of the birch inonotus to water is 1:(8-22); the soaking temperature is 40-45° C., and the soaking time is 10-15 hours.

6. Use of the vegetable virus preventive agent according to claim 1 in preventing and controlling vegetable virus diseases.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vegetables include Solanaceae vegetable crops and Cucurbitaceae vegetable crops.

8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific application method is: dilute the young willow branch extract by 20 to 30 times during the seedling stage of vegetable crops, spray the leaves twice, with an interval of 6 to 8 days between the two times; before destructive operations are performed on vegetable plants, dilute the birch inonotus extract by 50 to 100 times and spray the whole plant.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The destructive operations include transplanting, grafting, bud removal, pinching and leaf removal.

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