Composite insecticide for preventing and treating jujube inchworm

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite insecticide for preventing and treating jujube inchworm, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The composite insecticide is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by mass: 3 to 5 parts of astragalus sinicus extract and 8 to 12 parts of herba houttuyniae extract. The astragalus sinicus extract is obtained by adding water into whole herb of astragalus sinicus, mashing, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting the filtrate by using chloroform, concentrating and freeze-drying a chloroform phase, adding into ethyl acetate, performing microwave irradiation, concentrating and freeze-drying; the herba houttuyniae extract is obtained by performing ethanol reflux extraction on herba houttuyniae, concentrating an extracting solution, dissolving an obtained crude herba houttuyniae extract in n-butyl alcohol and performing < 60 > Co-gamma irradiation. According to the invention, plants are taken as extraction objects, natural active components are extracted from astragalus sinicus and cordate houttuynia, and the efficient control effect on the jujube inchworm is realized under simple natural component compounding. The preparation method is simple and remarkable in effect, and has important significance on prevention and treatment of the jujube inchworm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a composite insecticide for preventing and controlling jujube loopers. Background Art

[0002] Jujube trees have a very long history of cultivation. They are widely distributed, have strong adaptability, long life, are easy to manage, and have fast returns. They have extremely high economic value. Diseases and insect pests are common diseases of jujube trees. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests will harm the normal growth of jujube trees. In severe cases, they will cause a reduction in production or even a total crop failure. Therefore, effective prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of jujube trees is of great practical significance.

[0003] The jujube looper is a common pest of jujube trees. It belongs to the order Lepidoptera, family Geometridae, and is also known as the jujube looper. Its larvae have a strong gluttonous appetite and harm green tissues such as the buds, leaves, flower buds, and tender branches of jujube trees. When the damage caused by the jujube looper is serious, it can eat all the jujube leaves and buds, seriously threatening the growth of jujube trees, causing production reduction problems, and causing huge economic losses to fruit farmers.

[0004] At present, the prevention and control measures for the date looper mainly include physical control, agricultural control, biological control and chemical control. Among them, biological control mainly uses natural enemies to reduce insect density and uses anti-molting hormones; chemical control methods are mainly before the occurrence of the third instar larvae, when the insect density is high, using chemical agents to kill insects, such as using 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000-4000 times diluted, which can achieve better insecticidal effects, but there is a common problem of resistance to chemical agents.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a composite insecticide for preventing and controlling the jujube looper, thereby achieving effective prevention and control of the jujube looper. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite insecticide for preventing and controlling the jujube looper, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and realize the efficient prevention and control of the jujube looper.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a composite insecticide, the raw materials of which include the following components:

[0009] 3-5 parts of Astragalus membranaceus extract and 8-12 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the Chinese astragalus extract comprises the following steps:

[0011] The whole herb of Astragalus sinensis is crushed with water, the filtrate is collected after filtering, the filtrate is extracted with chloroform, the chloroform phase is collected, the solvent is removed by concentration, and the extract is obtained after freeze-drying;

[0012] The extract is added into ethyl acetate and subjected to microwave irradiation. After concentration, the extract is freeze-dried to obtain the astragalus melongena extract.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power of the microwave irradiation is 100-200W and the temperature is 35-40°C.

[0014] As a further preference of the present invention, the microwave irradiation time is 30-45 min.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the Houttuynia cordata extract comprises the following steps:

[0016] Performing ethanol reflux extraction on Houttuynia cordata and concentrating the extract to obtain a crude extract of Houttuynia cordata;

[0017] The crude extract of Houttuynia cordata is dissolved in n-butanol. 60 The Houttuynia cordata extract is obtained by Co-γ irradiation.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, 60 The dose of Co-γ irradiation was 2.15-5.25 kGy.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite insecticide, comprising the following steps:

[0020] The Chinese Astragalus Vetch extract and the Houttuynia Cordata extract are mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain the composite insecticide.

[0021] The present invention further provides application of the composite insecticide in preventing and controlling jujube loopers.

[0022] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite insecticide is diluted before spraying during application; the dilution multiple is 1000-2000 times.

[0023] Astragalus sinicus L., also known as Qiaoyao and Honghuacao, is a biennial herbaceous plant of the genus Astragalus in the Fabaceae family. Astragalus sinicus has many branches and is covered with sparse white soft hairs; the leaves are odd-pinnate, with leaflets obovate or elliptical, nearly hairless on the upper surface and scattered white soft hairs on the lower surface, with short petioles; the inflorescence is in racemes, with corollas of purple-red or orange-yellow; the fruit is a pod, which is linear and oblong, slightly curved, with a short beak, and black; the seeds are kidney-shaped and chestnut brown; the flowering period is from February to June, and the fruiting period is from March to July.

[0024] Milk vetch is rich in selenium and protein, and can be used as livestock feed. Its young shoots can be used as vegetable food. It secretes large amounts of nectar and the honey is of good quality. It is an important nectar source plant and an excellent ornamental flowering plant, which can be used in parks, flower beds, and flower mirrors. It has the ability to fix nitrogen in the air, and when the plant decomposes, it produces a large amount of nitrogen, maintaining the nitrogen cycle in the farmland ecosystem. Milk vetch is used as medicine in its entirety, as well as in its roots and seeds, and has certain medicinal value.

[0025] Houttuynia cordata, stem is oblate cylindrical, twisted, 20-35cm long, 0.2-0.3cm in diameter; brownish yellow on the surface, with several longitudinal ridges, obvious nodes, and residual fibrous roots on the lower nodes; brittle and easy to break. Leaves are alternate, curled and wrinkled, heart-shaped when flattened, 3-5cm long, 3-4.5cm wide; acuminate at the tip, entire; dark yellow-green to dark brown on the upper surface, gray-green or gray-brown on the lower surface; petiole is slender, and the base and stipules are fused into a sheath. Spike inflorescence is terminal, yellow-brown. Crushed, it has a fishy smell.

[0026] Houttuynia cordata is pungent in taste, cold in nature, and belongs to the lung meridian. It can clear away heat and detoxify, reduce swelling and treat sores, promote diuresis and remove dampness, clear away heat and stop diarrhea, strengthen the stomach and help digestion, and is used to treat lung abscesses, sores and swelling, hemorrhoids and blood in stool, and heat accumulation in the spleen and stomach caused by real heat, heat toxins, dampness, and rapid heat. Modern pharmacological experiments have shown that Houttuynia cordata has antibacterial and antiviral effects, improves the body's immunity, and has diuretic effects.

[0027] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0028] The invention uses plants as extraction objects, extracts natural ingredients from Astragalus sinensis and Houttuynia cordata, and achieves a highly effective control effect on the jujube looper by compounding simple natural components.

[0029] The preparation method of the invention is simple and has remarkable effect, and is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of the jujube looper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0032] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0034] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A composite insecticide for preventing and controlling jujube loopers, comprising the following raw materials in the following mass proportions:

[0037] 4 parts of Astragalus vetch extract and 10 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract;

[0038] (1) Preparation of Astragalus melongena extract:

[0039] The washed and dried whole herb of Astragalus sinensis was crushed, and further crushed by adding 5 parts by weight of water, the obtained slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was collected, and then chloroform was added for extraction, and the chloroform phase was collected, concentrated to remove the solvent, and freeze-dried to obtain an extract;

[0040] In a microwave irradiator (model: 908005), the obtained extract was added to 5 times the mass parts of ethyl acetate, and the extract was irradiated with microwaves at a power of 150 W and a temperature of 38°C for 30 minutes, and then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the astragalus extract.

[0041] (2) Preparation of Houttuynia cordata extract:

[0042] The washed and dried Houttuynia cordata is crushed, refluxed and extracted with ethanol, and the extract is concentrated to obtain a crude extract of Houttuynia cordata;

[0043] The crude extract of Houttuynia cordata was dissolved in n-butanol. 60 Co-γ irradiation with an irradiation dose of 5.25 kGy was used to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0044] (3) Preparation of composite insecticide:

[0045] The Chinese astragalus extract and the houttuynia cordata extract are mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain a composite insecticide.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A composite insecticide for preventing and controlling jujube loopers, comprising the following raw materials in the following mass proportions:

[0048] 5 parts of Astragalus vetch extract and 8 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract;

[0049] (1) Preparation of Astragalus melongena extract:

[0050] The washed and dried whole herb of Astragalus sinensis was crushed, and further crushed by adding 5 parts by weight of water, the obtained slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was collected, and then chloroform was added for extraction, and the chloroform phase was collected, concentrated to remove the solvent, and freeze-dried to obtain an extract;

[0051] In a microwave irradiator (model: 908005), the obtained extract was added to 5 times the mass parts of ethyl acetate, and the extract was irradiated with microwaves at a power of 200 W and a temperature of 40°C for 30 minutes, and then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the astragalus extract.

[0052] (2) Preparation of Houttuynia cordata extract:

[0053] The washed and dried Houttuynia cordata is crushed, refluxed and extracted with ethanol, and the extract is concentrated to obtain a crude extract of Houttuynia cordata;

[0054] The crude extract of Houttuynia cordata was dissolved in n-butanol. 60 Co-γ irradiation with an irradiation dose of 3.55 kGy was used to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0055] (3) Preparation of composite insecticide:

[0056] The Chinese astragalus extract and the houttuynia cordata extract are mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain a composite insecticide.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A composite insecticide for preventing and controlling jujube loopers, comprising the following raw materials in the following mass proportions:

[0059] 4 parts of Astragalus vetch extract and 12 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract;

[0060] (1) Preparation of Astragalus melongena extract:

[0061] The washed and dried whole herb of Astragalus sinensis was crushed, and further crushed by adding 5 parts by weight of water, the obtained slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was collected, and then chloroform was added for extraction, and the chloroform phase was collected, concentrated to remove the solvent, and freeze-dried to obtain an extract;

[0062] In a microwave irradiator (model: 908005), the obtained extract was added to 5 parts by mass of ethyl acetate, and the extract was irradiated with microwaves at a power of 100 W and a temperature of 35°C for 30 minutes, and then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the astragalus extract.

[0063] (2) Preparation of Houttuynia cordata extract:

[0064] The washed and dried Houttuynia cordata is crushed, refluxed and extracted with ethanol, and the extract is concentrated to obtain a crude extract of Houttuynia cordata;

[0065] The crude extract of Houttuynia cordata was dissolved in n-butanol. 60 Co-γ irradiation with an irradiation dose of 2.50 kGy was used to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0066] (3) Preparation of composite insecticide:

[0067] The Chinese astragalus extract and the houttuynia cordata extract are mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain a composite insecticide.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] The only difference from Example 1 is that the Astragalus sinensis in step (1) is replaced by Houttuynia cordata of equal mass.

[0070] Comparative Example 2

[0071] The only difference from Example 1 is that the Houttuynia cordata in step (2) is replaced by Astragalus membranaceus of equal mass.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] The only difference from Example 1 is that step (2) does not involve irradiation treatment, and the crude extract of Houttuynia cordata is freeze-dried to serve as the raw material component of the Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0074] Effect verification example:

[0075] The experiment was conducted in a jujube forest in Shaanxi Province, where damage by jujube loopers occurs all year round and is representative.

[0076] The experiment was conducted when the jujube looper was in the initial stage of the third instar larvae, and the experiment was set up with a treatment group and a blank control group;

[0077] The composite insecticide prepared in Examples 1-3 was diluted 1000 times with a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution and sprayed on jujube trees (spraying amount 50 L / mu), respectively as treatment groups 1 to 3;

[0078] The composite insecticide prepared in comparisons 1-3 was diluted 1000 times with a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution and sprayed on jujube trees (spraying amount 50L / mu), respectively as treatment groups 4 to 6;

[0079] The blank control group was sprayed with an equal amount of water.

[0080] The same routine field management measures were adopted in each group.

[0081] The 5-point sampling method was used. Five trees were randomly surveyed in each treatment group. One branch was taken from each tree from the east, west, south, north and center. The number of all jujube looper larvae was recorded. The number of dead insects was surveyed once before and 3d, 7d and 10d after the application of the drug, and the control effect was calculated according to the following formula:

[0082] Pest population reduction rate (%) = (pest population before medication - pest population after medication) / pest population before medication × 100;

[0083] Control effect (%) = (insect population reduction rate of the treated group - insect population reduction rate of the blank control group) / (100 - insect population reduction rate of the blank control group) × 100.

[0084] Table 1

[0085]

[0086] The jujube yield of each treatment group is shown in Table 2:

[0087] Table 2

[0088] Yield (kg / mu) Yield increase rate (%) Treatment Group 1 447 299.11 Treatment Group 2 442 294.64 Treatment Group 3 445 297.32 Treatment Group 4 235 109.82 Treatment Group 5 216 92.86 Treatment Group 6 204 82.14 Blank control group 112 0

[0089] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite insecticide, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following qualities: 3-5 parts of Astragalus membranaceus extract and 8-12 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract.

2. The composite insecticide according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the Chinese astragalus extract comprises the following steps: The whole herb of Astragalus sinensis is crushed with water, the filtrate is collected after filtering, the filtrate is extracted with chloroform, the chloroform phase is collected, the solvent is removed by concentration, and the extract is obtained after freeze-drying; The extract is added into ethyl acetate and subjected to microwave irradiation. After concentration, the extract is freeze-dried to obtain the astragalus melongena extract.

3. The composite insecticide according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microwave irradiation has a power of 100-200W and a temperature of 35-40°C.

4. The composite insecticide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microwave irradiation time is 30-45 minutes.

5. The composite insecticide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the Houttuynia cordata extract comprises the following steps: Performing ethanol reflux extraction on Houttuynia cordata and concentrating the extract to obtain a crude extract of Houttuynia cordata; The crude extract of Houttuynia cordata is dissolved in n-butanol. 60 Co-γ irradiation is performed to obtain the Houttuynia cordata extract.

6. The composite insecticide according to claim 5, characterized in that: Said 60 The dose of Co-γ irradiation was 2.15-5.25 kGy.

7. The method for preparing the composite insecticide according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The Chinese Astragalus extract and the Houttuynia cordata extract are mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain the composite insecticide.

8. Use of the composite insecticide according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in controlling jujube loopers.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The composite insecticide is diluted and then sprayed.

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